Incidence Of Eating Disorders Research Articles

The incidence of eating disorders in a Danish register study: Associations with suicide risk and mortality

Our aim was to characterize the incidence rates and cumulative incidence of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS), and examine associations among eating disorder diagnoses, suicide attempts, and mortality. Individuals born in Denmark between 1989 and 2006 were included (N = 966,141, 51.3% male). Eating disorders diagnoses (AN, broad AN, BN, EDNOS) were drawn from the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register (PCRR) and Danish National Patient Register (NPR). Suicide attempts and deaths were captured in the NPR, the PCRR, and the Danish Civil Registration System (CRS). In females, AN had a peak hazard at approximately age 15 years, BN at 22 years, and EDNOS had an extended peak that spanned 18 years–22 years. Eating disorder diagnoses predicted a significantly higher hazard for death and suicide attempt compared with the referent of individuals with no eating disorders. In males, peak hazard for diagnosis was earlier than in females. The present study represents one of the largest and longest studies of eating disorder incidence and suicide attempts and death in both females and males. Eating disorders are accompanied by increased hazard of suicide attempts and death even in young adults.

Prevalence and comorbidity of eating disorders among a community sample of adolescents: 2-year follow-up

The previous literature about comorbidity between eating disorders (ED) and other DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in adolescence has employed cross-sectional studies with clinical samples, where the comorbid disorders were diagnosed retrospectively. The present study aims to overcome these limitations by the analysis of comorbidity in a community population during 2-year follow-up. A semi-structured interview was applied to a teenager sample. Firstly, a cross-sectional and non-randomized study on psychiatric morbidity was conducted with 993 teenagers between the ages of 12 and 16 from five schools. Secondly, 326 students between 14 and 17 years old of one school were reassessed 2 years later in order to detect ED new cases and find associations with previous psychiatric disorders. The ED prevalence was 3.6%. Cross-sectional analysis revealed that 62.9% of individuals with an ED had comorbid disorders: anxiety disorders (51.4%), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (31.4%), oppositional defiant disorder (11.4%), and obsessive compulsive disorder (8.6%). Prospective longitudinal analysis showed an ED incidence rate of 2.76% over the course of 2 years. 22.2% of new cases had received previous psychiatric diagnoses, of which all were anxiety disorders. Thus, ED exhibited a high comorbidity rate among adolescent populations and anxiety disorders were the most common comorbid diagnosis.

Sex- and age-specific incidence of healthcare-register-recorded eating disorders in the complete swedish 1979-2001 birth cohort: INCIDENCE OF EATING DISORDERS

Sex- and age-specific incidence of healthcare-register-recorded eating disorders in the complete swedish 1979-2001 birth cohort: INCIDENCE OF EATING DISORDERS

Family history of education predicts eating disorders across multiple generations among 2 million Swedish males and females.

PurposeTo investigate which facets of parent and grandparent socio-economic position (SEP) are associated with eating disorders (ED), and how this varies by ED subtype and over time.MethodsTotal-population cohort study of 1,040,165 females and 1,098,188 males born 1973–1998 in Sweden, and followed for inpatient or outpatient ED diagnoses until 2010. Proportional hazards models estimated associations with parental education, income and social class, and with grandparental education and income.Results15,747 females and 1051 males in our sample received an ED diagnosis, with rates increasing in both sexes over time. ED incidence in females was independently predicted by greater educational level among the father, mother and maternal grandparents, but parent social class and parental income showed little or no independent effect. The associations with education were equally strong for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and ED not-otherwise-specified, and had increased over time. Among males, an apparently similar pattern was seen with respect to anorexia nervosa, but non-anorexia ED showed no association with parental education and an inverse association with parental income.ConclusionsFamily history of education predicts ED in gender- and disorder-specific ways, and in females the effect is observed across multiple generations. Particularly given that these effects may have grown stronger in more recent cohorts, these findings highlight the need for further research to clarify the underlying mechanisms and identify promising targets for prevention. Speculatively, one such mechanism may involve greater internal and external demands for academic success in highly educated families.

The epidemiology of eating disorders: genetic, environmental, and societal factors.

BackgroundThe aim of this review was to summarize the literature to date regarding the sociodemographic, environmental, and genetic correlates of eating disorders (EDs) in adults.MethodA keyword search was entered into Scopus (SciVerse, Elsevier) to identify relevant articles published in English up until June 2013. Articles were assessed against a range of a priori inclusion and exclusion criteria.ResultsA total of 149 full-text articles were found to be eligible for the review and included 86 articles with data on sociodemographic correlates, 57 on environmental correlates, and 13 on genetic correlates. Female sex, younger age, sexual and physical abuse, participation in esthetic or weight-oriented sports, and heritability were found to be most consistently associated with higher ED prevalence and incidence. Conversely, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, education, and urbanicity did not appear to have strong associations with ED epidemiology.ConclusionMore community-based research, with an equal representation of males, needs to be conducted to confirm the current findings and provide evidence for emerging factors that may be related to EDs.

We are family—parents, siblings, and eating disorders in a prospective total‐population study of 250,000 Swedish males and females

We examined how parental characteristics and other aspects of family background were associated with the development of eating disorders (ED) in males and females. We used register data and record linkage to create the prospective, total-population study the Stockholm Youth Cohort. This cohort comprises all children and adolescents who were ever residents in Stockholm County between 2001 and 2007, plus their parents and siblings. Individuals born between 1984 and 1995 (N = 249, 884) were followed up for ED from age 12 to end of 2007. We used Cox regression modeling to investigate how ED incidence was associated with family socioeconomic position, parental age, and family composition. In total, 3,251 cases of ED (2,971 females; 280 males) were recorded. Higher parental education independently predicted a higher rate of ED in females [e.g., adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.69 (95% CI: 1.42, 2.02) for degree-level vs. elementary-level maternal education], but not in males [HR 0.73 (95% CI: 0.42, 1.28), p < 0.001 for gender interaction]. In females, an increasing number of full-siblings was associated with lower rate of ED [e.g., fully adjusted HR 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88, 0.97) per sibling], whereas an increasing number of half-siblings was associated with a higher rate [HR 1.05 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.09) per sibling]. The effect of parental education on ED rate varies between males and females, whereas the effect of number of siblings varies according to whether they are full or half-siblings. A deeper understanding of these associations and their underlying mechanisms may provide etiological insights and inform the design of preventive interventions.

Reducing the burden of eating disorders: A model for population‐based prevention and treatment for university and college campuses

The prevalence of individuals at high risk or with clinical eating disorders (EDs) on college campuses is high. Often, students are tasked with evaluating the urgency of their needs and knowing when to seek services, which leads to delays in seeking care. Without intervention, symptoms may worsen, resulting in adverse consequences and impaired functioning. As such, early identification and reduced symptom progression for individuals across the risk/clinical continuum of ED psychopathology is urgently needed. However, effective intervention for EDs on the college campus remains a significant challenge. Counseling centers are often understaffed and overburdened, with directors reporting an average student to counselor ratio of 1,900:11. Indeed, less than 20% of students who are screened positive for EDs report receiving treatment.2 The gap in care delivery necessitates research on ways to improve the quality and efficiency of treatment delivery for symptomatic individuals and decrease the number of individuals requiring care. We propose a population-based model, for heuristic purposes, for the identification, prevention, and treatment of EDs, to reduce the incidence and prevalence of EDs on the college campus. A population-based approach allows us to move beyond treating individuals to more broadly intervene with a population, thereby increasing real-world clinical utility of ED interventions and improving the college counseling system of care for EDs.

War stress may be another risk factor for eating disorders in civilians: a study in Lebanese University Students

ObjectiveTraumatic life events are important risk factors for eating disorders (ED). War has been associated, in military populations, with an increased post-service incidence of ED and an increased mean body mass index. We hypothesize that a modification of eating behavior (EB) related to stress during wartime may increase the risk of developing an ED later on among civilians exposed to war stress during adulthood. MethodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in a group of 303 undergraduate young adult students of both sexes from Lebanon, 6 months after the July 2006 war. Modification of EB during wartime, sociodemographic and other potential risk factors were assessed retrospectively. Students were then screened for ED using the SCOFF questionnaire. ResultsSCOFF was positive in 31.4% of the students, with a mean value 41.6% higher among subjects who reported an altered EB during the war. Among subjects with a positive SCOFF screening, 71% had experienced a change of EB during wartime. Alteration of EB during war was related to an odds ratio for a positive SCOFF screening of 2.6 (95% CI 1.54–4.34) and 1.8 (95% CI 1.01–3.21) for non-adjusted and adjusted analysis, respectively. ConclusionsModification of EB related to stress during wartime is associated with an increased risk of eating disorders. Early detection and treatment of eating disorders may be improved by routinely evaluation of EB modification in patients with a past history of war exposure.

The incidence of eating disorders in the UK in 2000–2009: findings from the General Practice Research Database

ObjectivesFew studies have investigated the incidence of eating disorders (EDs). Important questions about changes in the incidence of diagnosed disorders in recent years, disorder and gender-specific onset and case detection...

Consumo de álcool comórbido a transtornos alimentares: uma revisão da literatura

&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;font size="1" color="#221e1f"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Introdução&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Helvetica,Helvetica; color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Helvetica,Helvetica; color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Helvetica,Helvetica; color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;: Os transtornos do uso de álcool e os transtornos alimentares podem ser condições comórbidas. Pela escassez de pesquisas brasileiras a respeito dessa associação, uma revisão da literatura foi necessária para melhor compreendê-la. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;Métodos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Helvetica,Helvetica; color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Helvetica,Helvetica; color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Helvetica,Helvetica; color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;: Dezenove artigos científicos sobre a relação entre o uso &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Helvetica,Helvetica; color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Helvetica,Helvetica; color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Helvetica,Helvetica; color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;de álcool, seus transtornos e a incidência de transtornos alimentares foram revisados, aprofundando-se a análise em 15 deles. Resultados: Os transtornos alimentares são situações comórbidas ao uso de álcool, de tal forma que a freqüência de seu uso, assim como a prevalência de abuso e dependência, é alta entre pacientes com transtornos alimentares, relação cuja gravidade parece estar aumentada entre os sujeitos diagnosticados com bulimia nervosa. Essa relação também tem sido encontrada entre sujeitos saudáveis que tenham forte restrição sobre a dieta alimentar, um dos sintomas dos transtornos alimentares. Discussão e Conclusões: Como a situação de uma doença adicional pode mudar a sintomatologia, interferir no diagnóstico, no tratamento e no prognóstico de condições psiquiátricas comórbidas, é muito importante que, desde a primeira avaliação de pacientes com suspeita de transtornos alimentares, o uso de álcool seja avaliado, assim como o uso de outras substâncias psicoativas. Detectá-los precocemente pode aumentar a adesão do paciente a um possível tratamento e seu sucesso, assim como a um bom prognóstico. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;

Childhood eating disorders: British national surveillance study

The incidence of eating disorders appears stable overall, but may be increasing in younger age groups. Data on incidence, clinical features and outcome of early-onset eating disorders are sparse. To identify new cases of early-onset eating disorders (<13 years) presenting to secondary care over 1 year and to describe clinical features, management and 1-year outcomes. Surveillance over 14 months through the established British Paediatric Surveillance System, and a novel child and adolescent psychiatry surveillance system set up for this purpose. Overall incidence was 3.01/100,000 (208 individuals). In total, 37% met criteria for anorexia nervosa; 1.4% for bulimia nervosa; and 43% for eating disorder not otherwise specified. Nineteen per cent showed determined food avoidance and underweight without weight/shape concerns. Rates of comorbidity were 41%; family history of psychiatric disorder 44%; and early feeding difficulties 21%. Time to presentation was >8 months. A total of 50% were admitted to hospital, typically soon after diagnosis. Outcome data were available for 76% of individuals. At 1 year, 73% were reported improved, 6% worse and 10% unchanged (11% unknown). Most were still in treatment, and seven were hospital in-patients for most of the year. Childhood eating disorders represent a significant clinical burden to paediatric and mental health services. Efforts to improve early detection are needed. These data provide a baseline to monitor changing trends in incidence.

Diagnosed Eating Disorders in the U.S. Military: A Nine Year Review*

The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of three types of eating disorders (ED); anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS), diagnosed in the U.S. Military. Diagnosed cases of ED were obtained from the Defense Medical Epidemiology Database for all Service Members (SM) from 1998–2006. The percentage per year of SM with an ED diagnosis was .30%. Eating disorders were diagnosed significantly more in 2006 (.41%) compared to 1998 (.23%) (p < .001). Females were diagnosed significantly more than males (p < .001). The majority of AN cases (66%) were in the Marines. This is the first known study to investigate the incidence of ED in SM using medical record data. Service Members diagnosed with ED have increased. Females, specifically White females, have higher incidence of ED. The reported incidence of diagnosed ED in SM was lower compared to previous research.

A clinical sample of children and adolescents with eating disorders in Brazil: Comorbidities and socio-demographic characteristics

Adolescent onset eating disorders incidence has been rising over the past decades. The peak of incidence occurs in adolescence and the prevalence is 9 times higher in females. It was initially believed that anorexia nervosa manifested only in higher socio-economic levels. More recent studies have identified similar incidence of this disorder also in lower socio-economic levels, rural areas and Asian communities. This study aims to describe comorbidity, socio-demographic and clinical features of a sample attending the Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders Clinic of the University of Sao Paulo. The sample includes all patients attending the clinic between September 2001 and October 2006. Data was obtained from a package of clinical interviews named Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA)[1,2] containing a session for eating disorders and from a socio-economic questionnaire, and analysed using the SPSS10 package. During the last 6 years 82 patients were treated, and approximately 11% were males. The main diagnosis was atypical anorexia nervosa followed by anorexia nervosa according to ICD 10. The main comorbidity was depression followed by anxiety disorders. Approximately 50% of the sample attended free government schools, a indicator of lower social classes. We concluded that our sample, although coming from a public hospital in a developing country presents similar characteristics to other clinical samples in the developed world.

Eating disorders and oral health: A review of the literature

This article is a review of the recent literature pertaining to the oral sequelae of eating disorders (EDs). Dentists are recognized as being some of the first health care professionals to whom a previously undiagnosed eating disorder patient (EDP) may present. However, despite the prevalence (up to 4 per cent) of such conditions in teenage girls and young adult females, there is relatively little published in the recent literature regarding the oral sequelae of EDs. This compares unfavourably with the attention given recently in the dental literature to conditions such as diabetes mellitus, which have a similar prevalence in the adult population. The incidence of EDs is increasing and it would be expected that dentists who treat patients in the affected age groups would encounter more individuals exhibiting EDs. Most of the reports in the literature concentrate on the obvious clinical features of dental destruction (perimolysis), parotid swelling and biochemical abnormalities particularly related to salivary and pancreatic amylase. However, there is no consistency in explanation of the oral phenomena and epiphenomena seen in EDs. Many EDPs are nutritionally challenged; there is a relative lack of information pertaining to non-dental, oral lesions associated with nutritional deficiencies.

Time trends in eating disorder incidence

During the years 1988-1993 the primary care incidence of anorexia nervosa in the UK remained stable, but the incidence of bulimia nervosa increased threefold. To determine whether the incidence of anorexia nervosa remained stable, and that of bulimia nervosa continued to increase, in the years 1994-2000. The General Practice Research Database was screened for new cases of anorexia and bulimia nervosa between 1994 and 2000. Annual incidence rates were calculated for females aged 10-39 years and compared with rates from the previous 5 years. In 2000 primary care incidence rates were 4.7 and 6.6 per 100,000 population for anorexia and bulimia nervosa, respectively. The incidence of anorexia nervosa remained remarkably consistent over the period studied. Overall there was an increase in the incidence of bulimia, but rates declined after a peak in 1996. This study provides further evidence for the stability of anorexia nervosa incidence rates. Decreased symptom recognition and changes in service use might have contributed to observed changes in the incidence of bulimia nervosa.

Epidemiology and Natural Course of Eating Disorders in Young Women From Adolescence to Young Adulthood

To describe the epidemiology of eating disorders (ED) in a community sample of adolescent girls; to compare the clinical characteristics of full-syndrome (FS) and partial-syndrome (PS) ED cases; and to provide information about the continuity between adolescent ED and young adult psychopathology. A randomly selected sample of high school girls were assessed during adolescence (n = 891) and a year later (n = 810), and a stratified subset (n = 538) was assessed during their 24th year. The assessments included the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children, the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation, level of functioning, mental health treatment utilization, history of suicide attempt, and physical symptoms. The incidence of ED was less than 2.8% by age 18, and 1.3% for ages 19 through 23. Comorbidity with other psychopathology (89.5%), but especially depression, was very high. FS- and PS-ED groups differed significantly from a no-disorder comparison group on most outcome measures, and more than 70% of the adolescent FS- and PS-ED cases met criteria for an Axis I disorder in young adulthood. FS- and PS-ED are associated with substantial comorbidity, treatment seeking, impaired functioning, and risk for psychopathology in young adulthood.

Nutrition Knowledge, Eating Practices, and Health of Adolescent Female Runners: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in nutrition knowledge, intakes, attitudes, and behaviors as well as health status of 22 female adolescent runners. Subjects completed questionnaires, interviews, and dietary analyses twice over a 3-year period. Over this time they experienced physical growth and improved athletic performance. Although their mean score on a test of basic and sports nutrition knowledge remained stable at 67%, after 3 years more runners correctly responded to statements about carbohydrate and fat. However, fewer responded correctly to statements regarding fluid intake and skipping meals. Although runners increased the percentage of calories consumed as carbohydrates, they significantly decreased their mean energy intake, thus lowering carbohydrate intake. They significantly lowered protein, calcium, potassium, and sodium intakes. The incidence of possible eating disorders increased, as did stress fractures. Over 3 years, nutrition knowledge did not improve, the quality of dietary intakes decreased, incidence of eating disorders and stress fractures increased, and menstrual irregularities remained high.

Eating disorder incidence in dietetic and nursing students in Lubbock, Texas

Eating disorder incidence in dietetic and nursing students in Lubbock, Texas