Incidence Of Disorders In Patients Research Articles

Sleep disorders in children and adolescents with tension-type headaches

Introduction. Tension-type headache (TTH) represents a widespread and recurrent disease in adults, children, and adolescents, adversely affecting the quality of life, learning achievements, and social functioning. In recent publications, a high incidence of comorbid disorders in patients with TTH is discussed, in particular sleep disorders. The aim of the study was to assess the nature and prevalence of sleep disorders in children and adolescents with frequent episodic TTH and chronic TTH. Materials and methods. One hundred fifty patients aged from 8 years to 16 years 11 months with TTH were examined. Of them, 91 (49 boys, 42 girls) had frequent episodic TTH, 59 (26 boys, 33 girls) had chronic TTH. There was used Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children including 26 questions for parents. Results. The present study confirms the high incidence of sleep disorders among TTH children and adolescents. TTH was diagnosed in 129 (86.0%) out of 150 patients. The most frequently diagnosed varying degrees of severity (clinically relevant and borderline, when assessing sleep disorders in children) were insomnia (disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep) - in 65.3% of patients (including 60.4% with frequent episodic TTH and 72.9% with chronic TTH), excessive somnolence - in 74.7% (67.1% and 86.4%), sleep breathing disorders - in 26.7% (23.1% and 32.2%), disorders of arousal/nightmares - in 46.0% (42.9% and 50.8%), sleep-wake transition disorders - in 65.3% (67.1% and 62.7%), sleep hyperhidrosis - in 31.3% (26.4% and 39.0%). Thus, all sleep disorders (except for sleep-wake transition disorders) were significantly more common among the patients with chronic TTH. At the same time, in the subgroup of patients with TTH and any sleep disorders, significantly more prominent indicators of the frequency, the intensity of TTH and its negative impact on the daily activity were revealed, compared to patients with TTH lacking sleep disorders. Conclusion. The results of the assessment of children and adolescents with TTH show that when planning preventive therapy for TTH and evaluating its results, not only main clinical characteristics of TTH should be taken into account, but also the manifestations and severity of comorbid disorders, including sleep disorders observed in most patients with TTH. The revealed prevalence of various sleep disorders in the subgroup of patients with chronic TTH confirms that sleep disorders and anxiety disorders refer to significant risk factors for the transition of TTH to a chronic form, and such patients need more active multimodal treatment.

The incidence of depressive disorders in patients with schizophrenia

Summary. Introduction. Historically, depressive disorders have been described in various forms of schizophrenia by Kraepelin (1923) or as a reaction to illness by Bleuler (1922). One of the alternative points of view that has been considered in recent years is that depressive disorders are a comorbid condition of schizophrenia or one of the manifestations of schizophrenia. However, to date, depression, as a symptom, is not included in the diagnostic criteria of the ICD-10. Methodological approaches to diagnosing depressive disorders in patients with schizophrenia differ in different countries and research groups. This influences the prevalence rates of depressive disorders in schizophrenic patients. Purpose. The study and systematization of studies of the incidence of depressive disorders in patients with schizophrenia.Methods. Russian-language and foreign literature was analyzed with a search depth of 10 years (2010–2020) in the following databases: PubMed, Springer, Wiley Online Library, Taylor & Francis Online, US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, Science Direct and eLIBRARY .RU.Results. A total of 51 studies of depressive disorders in children and adults with schizophrenia were found.Conclusion. The frequency of occurrence of depressive disorders in patients with schizophrenia varies from 9.1 and to 100%, the average frequency is 41.6%. Their frequency is variable and depends on the region of residence and ethnicity. It is noted that depressive disorders in patients with schizophrenia are more often recorded among residents of the Middle East (72.7%), Russia (61.8%) and Europe (39.6%), less often among residents of Southeast Asia (32%) and the Pacific region ( 37.3%). The countries with the highest incidence of depressive disorders in schizophrenia include: USA, Germany, China; and to the countries with the lowest frequency — Denmark, Israel, South Africa. Also, I would like to note that the largest number of studies conducted was in Europe (16 studies with 36 928 patients with schizophrenia), the USA (6 studies with 2314 patients) and the Russian Federation (6 studies with 582 patients). In general, in the world, according to 51 studies analyzed, the incidence of depressive disorders in schizophrenia in men is higher than in women, although gender differences did not reach statistical significance in all regions of the world.

SCHIZOPHRENIA AND EPILEPSY: WHAT LINKS BETWEEN? ARRAZI HOSPITAL EXPERIENCE ABOUT 56 CASES

Background: Given the higher incidence of psychotic disorders in patients with epilepsy, several neurologists and psychiatrists have attempted to explain this controversial comorbidity. Thus, several hypotheses have been put forward but no link has been established with certainty until today. Objectives: The aim of our work is to draw up a socio-demographic and psychopathological profile of patients with schizophrenia-epilepsy comorbidity as well as to assess the risk of suicide, the management, the reasons for admission and the length of hospitalization. Methodology: we conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study on medical records of patients with schizophrenia and epilepsy who were hospitalized at the Ar-Razi University Psychiatric Hospital in Salé between January 01, 2017 and March 31, 2021. Results: Our study included 56 patients. The average age was 33 + / - 9.83, 55% male. 50% of patients had attempted suicide in the past and 25% had a history of depressive episode, 41.1% had substance use disorder and 26.8% had a family history of psychosis. 85.7% of our patients developed schizophrenia from pre-existing epilepsy the time to onset of schizophrenia compared to epilepsy was 11.08 years +/- 7.71. The mean age of onset of schizophrenia is 23.3 years with a mean duration of progression of 9.18 years, 55.4% of patients were on monotherapy and 8.9% had resistant schizophrenia on clozapine. The average age of onset of epilepsy is 14.73 years, with generalized epilepsy in 84% of cases. The average length of stay is 42 days. The reasons for admission were as follows: hetero-aggression 78.6%, delusional verbalization 85.7% and suicide attempt 23.2%. The majority of our patients have been treated with atypical antipsychotics: Risperidone 30.4%, Amisulpride 21.4% and Aripiprazole 12.5%. Conclusion: The co-occurrence of schizophrenia epilepsy suggests the existence of possible common etiopathogenic factors. The management of this comorbidity requires a multidisciplinary collaboration between neurologist and psychiatrist, in order to confirm the diagnosis, establish a good therapeutic approach and propose a management algorithm taking into account the two pathologies.

Thyroid hemiagenesis with a TI-RADS 2 nodule in the contralateral lobe

BackgroundThyroid hemiagenesis is a rare congenital anomaly in which one lobe of the thyroid gland fails to develop. There is an increased incidence of associated thyroid disorders in patients with thyroid hemiagenesis.Case presentationA 32-year-old Ugandan woman presented with a complaint of painless neck swelling of 3-months duration. The swelling was associated with a globus sensation. There was no history of thyroid – related problems or treatment prior to this presentation. Physical examination demonstrated a mobile right thyroid swelling without an obvious nodular contour. Neck ultrasound showed an absent left lobe of thyroid gland, a right lobe with a solitary nodule scoring two points on the Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) and an isthmus in situ. Extensive search for possible ectopic thyroid tissue was negative. She was biochemically euthyroid. The patient was counseled about thyroid hemiagenesis and was put on a regular follow up in the clinic for the TI-RADS 2 nodule.ConclusionThyroid hemiagenesis is often associated with other thyroid disorders. Its diagnosis should prompt an active search for other associated morphological or functional thyroid abnormalities.

Incidence of Temporomandibular Disorders in Patients in a University Hospital Setting

Disorders (TMD) is one of the most common pain disorders. TMD is defined as a heterogeneous group of psychological disorders, commonly characterized by pain, difficulty in chewing or both. It is one of the commonest problems affecting common people. This is also one of the most common disorder due to its varied vague signs and symptoms, which makes the common dentist to diagnose wrongly, which ultimately led to wrong treatment. The etiology of disorders is complex, the foremost normally cited factors are emotional tension, interference, genetics, teeth loss, postural deviation, dysfunction, internal and external changes in TMJ structure, either alone or both The disorders of TMJ, muscles and associated structure sometimes occur throughout childhood and adolescence, however with less intensity than in the adult population. Throughout adolescence, TMJ presents with mild or moderate signs and symptoms. So a study of this disorder is needed to create awareness among general dentist. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of disorders in patients reported to Saveetha Dental College. A total of 77 patients who underwent treatment for TMD were included in this study. The study was conducted at Saveetha Dental College. Data were collected from patients dental records. All the data were recorded and analyzed statistically using SPSS software. From the analysis, females were more prevalent than the male population. The most common treatment undergone by patients diagnosed with disorders is . Females are shown more prevalent than Male. A detailed examination should be done for better diagnosis and prognosis.

High incidence of glucose metabolism disorders in patients undergoing coronary angiography without history of diabetes

High incidence of glucose metabolism disorders in patients undergoing coronary angiography without history of diabetes

The effects of clinical wear on the incidence of temporomandibular disorders among patients with complete dentures

Abstract Objective This study evaluates the effect of clinical wear on the incidence of temporomandibular disorders in patients with complete dentures. Methods A randomized clinical trial was conducted on two groups; group 1 (30 patients) received complete upper and lower dentures with teeth made of heat-cured acrylic resin, and group 2 (29 patients) received complete upper and lower dentures with teeth fabricated of porcelain. The occurrence and clinical examination of temporomandibular disorders were evaluated using Helkimo anamnestic dysfunction index (Ai) and Helkimo clinical dysfunction index (Di), respectively. Clinical wear of denture teeth was estimated by the assessment of wear depth using the mean differences between tracing images of lingual cusps at each follow-up. The patients were followed up at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months for assessment of clinical wear and incidence of temporomandibular disorders. Results The acrylic resin group was subjected to significantly higher wear than the porcelain group at 12, 18 and 24 months of follow-up. The incidence of temporomandibular disorders was also significantly higher in the acrylic resin group than in the porcelain group at 18 and 24 months of follow-up. Conclusion There was higher incidence of temporomandibular disorders among patients who wore complete dentures with teeth made of acrylic resin than in patients who wore complete dentures with porcelain teeth.

Respiratory Disorders in Complicated Cervical Spine Injury

Objective. Evaluating the results of respiratory therapy in patients with complicated traumatic injury of the cervical spine. Materials and methods . A retrospective comparative analysis of the clinical course was carried out in 52 patients with complicated traumatic injury of the cervical spine: group A: complete spinal cord injury (ASIA A), 37 patients and group B: incomplete injury (ASIA B), 15 patients. The severity of patients' status on integral scales, parameters of the respiratory pattern and thoracopulmonary compliance, gas composition, and acidbase status of the blood were assessed. Data on patients who required prolonged mechanical ventilation, duration of mechanical ventilation, incidence of nosocomial pneumonia, duration of stay in the ICU, time of hospital treatment, and mortality were included in the analysis. Results. The average APACHE II and SOFA scores were higher in group A patients. The development of the acute respiratory failure required longterm mechanical ventilation (more than 48 hours) in 91.4% of group A patients and in 53.3% of group B patients. Ventilatorassociated pneumonia complicated the disease in 81.3% of group A patients and 62.5% of group B patients and was accompanied by sepsis in 25% and 12.5% of cases, respectively. Statistically significant deterioration of biomechanical properties and gas exchange function of the lungs was observed in patients complicated with septic pneumonia. Conclusion. Patients with complicated ASIA A and ASIA B cervical spine injuries demonstrate the presence of respiratory failure of neurogenic origin. In addition, the infectious bronchopulmonary complications aggravated respiratory failure in patients with ASIA A injury in 70.3% versus 33.3% in patients with ASIA B. Development of pulmonogenic sepsis led to deterioration of the biomechanical and gas exchange functions of the lungs and increased the likelihood of unfavorable outcome of the disease in 77.8% of cases. The high incidence of respiratory disorders in patients with complicated cervical spine injury requires timely decision on ventilatory support, especially in patients with complete spinal cord injury.

Ultrasonographic and scintigraphic findings of thyroid hemiagenesis in a child: report of a rare male case.

Thyroid hemiagenesis is a rare congenital anomaly in which one lobe of thyroid gland fails to develop. It is much rarer in males. There is a higher incidence of associated thyroid disorders in patients with thyroid hemiagenesis; therefore early and prompt diagnosis is important for children. We present the ultrasonographic and scintigraphic findings of thyroid hemiagenesis in an eight-year-old-boy. On ultrasonography (US), left lobe of the thyroid gland could not be demonstrated and the right lobe showed minimal hyperplasia. Its echogenicity was normal and no nodule was seen. On thyroid scintigraphy, left lobe of thyroid gland or any ectopic thyroid tissue could not be demonstrated, while the right lobe showed minimal hyperplasia. Without performing any invasive procedure, we enrolled the child in a follow-up program with the guidance of US and scintigraphy, which were effective both in making the final diagnosis of thyroid hemiagenesis and in evaluating the current status of the present thyroid tissue. In conclusion, if only one thyroid lobe is detected in a pediatric case initially with US or scintigraphy, the diagnosis of thyroid hemiagenesis should be suggested and, before any unnecessary or invasive attempt, the other complementary method (scintigraphy/US) should be performed.

Progress in pediatrics in 2013: choices in allergology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, hypertension, infectious diseases, neonatology, neurology, nutrition and respiratory tract illnesses.

This review will provide new information related to pathophysiology and management of specific diseases that have been addressed by selected articles published in the Italian Journal of Pediatrics in 2013, focusing on allergology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, hypertension, infectious diseases, neonatology, neurology, nutrition and respiratory tract illnesses in children. Recommendations for interpretation of skin prick test to foods in atopic eczema, management of allergic conjunctivitis, hypertension and breastfeeding in women treated with antiepileptic drugs and healthy breakfast have been reported. Epidemiological studies have given emphasis to high incidence of autoimmune disorders in patients with Turner syndrome, increasing prevalence of celiac disease, frequency of hypertension in adolescents, incidence and risk factor for retinopathy of prematurity. Advances in prevention include elucidation of the role of probiotics in reducing occurrence of allergies and feeding intolerance, and events of foetal life that influence later onset of diseases. Mechanistic studies suggested a role for vitamin D deficiency in asthma and type 1 diabetes and for reactivation of Varicella-Zoster virus in aseptic meningitis. Regarding diagnosis, a new mean for the diagnosis of hyperbilirubinaemia in newborns, a score for recognition of impaired nutritional status and growth and criteria for early Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome have been suggested. New therapeutic approaches consist of use of etanercept for reducing insulin dose in type 1 diabetes, probiotics in atopic eczema, and melatonin in viral infections.

1815 – Comorbidity of anxiety and depression in dermatology

Objectives The incidence of depressive disorders in patients with skin diseases is about 30% compared with the prevalence of depressive disorders in somatic practice - up to 20% (Filakovic P. at all, 2009). The comorbidity of depressive and anxiety disorders with allergic contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis was spotted. The psychogenic factors and behavioural aspects have significant role in the etiopathogenesis of most dermatological diseases (Shenefelt PD, 2011). Methods A survey 46 patients with skin diseases - 28 (61%) atopic dermatitis and 18 (39%) allergic dermatitis, was conducted with psychometric scales (NAMD-21, Q-LES-Q). Skin disease duration was more than 12 months. The average age of the patients 36,4 ± 3,5 years. Results In social aspect were obtained positive correlations with high demands at work (p ≤ 0.05), low social support (p Conclusions The business stress factors and interpersonal problems lead to probability of skin diseases occurrence.

Strokes in mitochondrial diseases

It is suggested that mitochondrial diseases might be identified in 22—33% of cryptogenic stroke cases in young subjects. The incidence of mitochondrial disorders in patients with stroke is unknown; it is 0.8 to 7.2% according to the data of some authors. The paper gives data on the prevalence, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of mitochondrial diseases, such as mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like syndrome (MELAS) and insulin-like episodes; myoclonic epilepsy and ragged-red fibers (MERRF) syndrome, and Kearns-Sayre syndrome (sporadic multisystem mitochondrial pathology).

26. Lymphoma arising in patients with cutaneous melanoma

Background Studies have reported an association between melanoma and lymphoproliferative disorders. We sought to determine the incidence of lymphoproliferative disorders in patients with melanoma and to characterise their clinical and pathological features. Methods Patients diagnosed with both melanoma and lymphoma between 1992 and 2007 were identified from the databases of Melanoma Institute Australia (MIA) and the Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPAH). The clinical histories of the patients in the MIA database and pathology reports in the RPAH archives were reviewed. Results Between 1992 and 2007, a total of 18 226 patients were diagnosed with melanoma at MIA, of whom 55 (0.3%) patients also developed lymphoma. 23 (41.8%) patients developed a lymphoma subsequent to the diagnosis of melanoma. In seven (12.7%) patients, the melanoma was diagnosed subsequent to the lymphoma. In 25 (45.5%) patients, the lymphoma was diagnosed concurrently with the melanoma during pathological evaluation of biopsied lymph nodes. NHL was the most common lymphoma (53 patients, 96.4%), and two (3.6%) patients developed Hodgkin lymphoma. Melanoma patients had a significantly higher risk of developing NHL than the general population (standardised incidence rate 3.5). Conclusions A small but significant proportion of patients with melanoma develop lymphoma, either synchronously or metachronously. Lymph node specimens from melanoma patients may harbour lymphoma and may represent the first recognised site of disease. A high index of suspicion for lymphoma and other malignancies when evaluating lymph nodes from melanoma patients will ensure prompt diagnosis and the institution of appropriate management.

P.2.g.009 The incidence of psychiatric disorders in patients with hyperthyroidism

P.2.g.009 The incidence of psychiatric disorders in patients with hyperthyroidism

Arrhythmia recurrence after ablation of atrial fibrillation: should we be concerned about sleep apnoea?

This editorial refers to ‘Low efficacy of atrial fibrillation ablation in severe obstructive sleep apnoea patients’ by M. Matiello et al ., on page 1084. In recent years, cardiology research has learned to put its interest in some entities that have long been regarded more as annoyances than diseases that need aggressive treatment. Two examples are left bundle branch block in heart failure, which had been regarded merely as a bystander phenomenon indicating severe disease but now is regarded as an aggravating factor in the heart failure syndrome that should be corrected by resynchronization therapy. Another is atrial fibrillation (AF) which was once considered a benign arrhythmia but now is known to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and thus strong efforts are made to cure the arrhythmia by catheter ablation. The ‘new kid on the block’ seems to be sleep apnoea. Whereas ‘snoring’ has been regarded simply as something that sometimes frustrates spouses we now realize that both obstructive sleep apnoeas (OSA) and central sleep apnoea are associated with significant morbidity making them an important target for effective therapy. Matiello et al .1 study the influence of the severity of OSA on success of catheter ablation for AF. The results of this study implicate that (i) 24% (42 of 174) of all patients undergoing AF ablation have some degree of obstructive sleep apnoea and (ii) that the presence of severe OSA, together with an enlarged left atrial (LA) diameter, is an independent predictor of AF ablation failure. The seemingly high incidence of sleep disorders in patients undergoing … *Corresponding author. Tel: +49 521 581 3401; fax: +49 521 581 3498, Email: stellbrink{at}sk-bielefeld.de

Suicidal Ideation and Behavior and Some Psychological Correlates in Physically Disabled Motor-Vehicle Accident Survivors

Previous research has shown some maladaptive psychological reactions and even increased incidence of various mental disorders in patients with spinal cord injury during their rehabilitation. Self-concept and suicidal risk in particular have not been studied often in these samples. Our principal goal was to explore suicidal ideation and behavior, self-concept, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and correlations among these traits, in subjects after a motor vehicle accident (MVA) resulting in permanent physical disability. Our sample consisted of 50 individuals with paraplegia, tetraplegia, or significant amputation, of whom eight had a family history of suicidal behavior. The following assessment instruments were used: an anamnestic data questionnaire; the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale; the Impact of Event Scale-Revised; and the Suicidal Ideations and Behaviour Questionnaire. Rehabilitating patients with spinal cord injury were characterized by low total self-concept, presence of PTSD symptoms, and suicidal ideation and behavior. PTSD symptoms were correlated with low self-concept and suicidal tendencies. While limited by small sample size, our study results support the need to further explore suicide risk and psychological correlates in patients with permanent physical disability.

Spasm of the near reflex: functional or organic disorder?

Two patients with spasm of the near reflex are reported. From the literature it is not clear whether this is a functional or an organic disorder. The possible pathogenesis of the syndrome is discussed. The most probable explanation is thought to be a functional disturbance manifesting itself in excessive use of the voluntary convergence system. The high incidence of organic disorders in patients with this syndrome, however, justifies both neurological and psychiatric investigation.