Abstract
BackgroundThyroid hemiagenesis is a rare congenital anomaly in which one lobe of the thyroid gland fails to develop. There is an increased incidence of associated thyroid disorders in patients with thyroid hemiagenesis.Case presentationA 32-year-old Ugandan woman presented with a complaint of painless neck swelling of 3-months duration. The swelling was associated with a globus sensation. There was no history of thyroid – related problems or treatment prior to this presentation. Physical examination demonstrated a mobile right thyroid swelling without an obvious nodular contour. Neck ultrasound showed an absent left lobe of thyroid gland, a right lobe with a solitary nodule scoring two points on the Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) and an isthmus in situ. Extensive search for possible ectopic thyroid tissue was negative. She was biochemically euthyroid. The patient was counseled about thyroid hemiagenesis and was put on a regular follow up in the clinic for the TI-RADS 2 nodule.ConclusionThyroid hemiagenesis is often associated with other thyroid disorders. Its diagnosis should prompt an active search for other associated morphological or functional thyroid abnormalities.
Highlights
Thyroid hemiagenesis is a rare congenital anomaly in which one lobe of the thyroid gland fails to develop
Thyroid hemiagenesis (THA) is a rare congenital disorder that is characterized by an absence of one thyroid lobe with an estimated prevalence rate of about 0.02 % [1]
Left lobe hemiagenesis is associated with agenesis of the isthmus in 50 % of cases while right lobe agenesis is predominantly associated with isthmus agenesis [7]
Summary
Thyroid hemiagenesis (THA) is a rare congenital disorder that is characterized by an absence of one thyroid lobe with an estimated prevalence rate of about 0.02 % [1]. Physical examination demonstrated a right-sided mobile thyroid swelling without any obvious nodular contour Her blood pressure was normal at 90/60mmHg with a normal pulse rate of 80 beats per minute. Ultrasound examination of the neck showed a welldefined nodule in the right lobe of thyroid gland, measuring 1.8x1.8x1.4cm. The ultrasound findings were consistent with the diagnosis of a right thyroid lobe nodule (TI-RADS 2) and left thyroid lobe hemiagenesis. The patient was counseled about her condition and offered for a regular follow up at the endocrinology clinic for her TI-RADS 2 nodule
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