Incidence Of Caries Research Articles

Gambaran Pengetahuan dan Sikap Orang Tua Tentang Makanan Kariogenik pada Anak Usia Prasekolah Yang Menyebabkan Karies Gigi di Tk ‘Aisyiyah Karangasem

The problem of dental caries in early childhood is important because dental caries is an success indicator of efforts to maintain children's dental health. The incidence of caries in children is influenced by the knowledge and attitudes of parents in caring for dental health. According to the Central Java region, there were 43.45% of data on damaged, perforated, and sick teeth, and for the Surakarta area there were 35.66%). This study aims to describe the knowledge and attitudes of parents about cariogenic foods consumed by preschoolers that can cause dental caries. This type of research is descriptive with quantitative methods. The sampling technique used is total sampling with the sampling technique based on the criteria determined by the researcher. the description of the mother's knowledge about cariogenic foods that can cause dental caries is mostly good with 83 respondents (57.60%) and the mother's attitude is mostly good, which is 80 respondents (55.60%). Knowledge and attitude of parents about cariogenic food in preschoolage that causes dental caries are good in TK 'Aisyiyah Karangasem.

The search for a healthy sugar substitute in aid to lower the incidence of Early Childhood Caries: a comparison of sucrose, xylitol, erythritol and stevia

A pursuit to find a healthy alternative to sucrose with less cariogenic potential, which can potentially lower the incidence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC), by means of comparison. Primary tooth enamel blocks (n=32) were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to 5% concentrations of the respective test groups (sucrose, xylitol, erythritol and stevia). All samples were inoculated with S. mutans standard strain (ATCC 25175) at room temperature. Analysis of Colony Forming Units (CFUs), acidity measurements (pH) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations were done after 6, 12, 18 and 24 h and compared. After 6 h, the marginal mean CFU count indicated equal S. mutans growth in all groups. Stevia showed lower CFU counts compared to other groups at 12, 18 and 24 h. The pH levels for all non-fermentable sugar substitutes (NSS) initially decreased but never below the critical pH=5.5 and stabilized from 12 to 18 h. The pH levels of sucrose dropped and remained below pH=5.5 at all time intervals. The SEM analysis of S. mutans supported the CFU results indicating growth in the presence of sucrose and reduction in the presence of the NSS.Compared to sucrose, xylitol, erythritol and stevia have less cariogenic potential with reduced growth of S. mutans and subsequent acidity levels. Stevia had the least cariogenic potential of all the NSS tested, followed by erythritol and then xylitol.

Design for a cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of the CATCH Healthy Smiles school-based oral health promotion intervention among elementary school children

BackgroundThe top two oral diseases (tooth decay and gum disease) are preventable, yet dental caries is the most common childhood disease with 68% of children entering kindergarten having tooth decay. CATCH Healthy Smiles is a coordinated school health program to prevent cavities for students in kindergarten, 1st, and 2nd grade, and is based on the framework of Coordinated Approach to Child Health (CATCH), an evidence-based coordinated school health program. CATCH has undergone several cluster-randomized controlled trials (CRCT) demonstrating sustainable long-term effectiveness in incorporating the factors surrounding children, in improving eating and physical activity behaviors, and reductions in obesity prevalence among low-income, ethnically diverse children. The aim of this paper is to describe the design of the CATCH Healthy Smiles CRCT to determine the effectiveness of an oral health school-based behavioral intervention in reducing incidence of dental caries among children. MethodsIn this CRCT, 30 schools serving low-income, ethnically-diverse children in greater Houston area are recruited and randomized into intervention and comparison groups. From which, 1020 kindergarten children (n = 510 children from 15 schools for each group) will be recruited and followed through 2nd grade. The intervention consists of four components (classroom curriculum, toothbrushing routine, family outreach, and schoolwide coordinated activities) will be implemented for three years in the intervention schools, whereas the control schools will be offered free trainings and materials to implement a sun safety curriculum in the meantime. Outcome evaluation will be conducted at four time points throughout the study period, each consists of three components: dental assessment, child anthropometric measures, and parent survey. The dental assessment will use International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) to measures the primary outcome of this study: incidence of dental caries in primary teeth as measured at the tooth surface level (dfs). The parent self-report survey measures secondary outcomes of this study, such as oral health related behavioral and psychosocial factors. A modified crude caries increment (mCCI) will be used to calculate the primary outcome of the CATCH Healthy Smiles CRCT, and a two-tailed test of the null hypothesis will be conducted to evaluate the intervention effect, while considering between- and within-cluster variances through computing the weighted-average of the mCCI ratios by cluster. ConclusionIf found to be effective, a platform for scalability, sustainability and dissemination of CATCH already exists, and opens a new line of research in school oral health. Clinical trials identifierAt ClinicalTrials.gov - NCT04632667.

The Incidence of Dental Caries in Children with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Scientific evidence regarding the incidence of dental caries in Down syndrome (DS) patients is limited and sometimes presents divergent opinions among authors, making it difficult to reach definitive conclusions. We aimed to evaluate the caries incidence in the DS pediatric population and compare it against healthy controls. The search was performed using 4 universal databases: Cochrane, B-on, Biomed, and PubMed. The selected articles were synthesized and subsequently evaluated according to an adaptation of the Quality Assessment Checklist for Prevalence Studies risk of bias tool, and analysis charts were performed by the Risk of Bias visualization tool (ROBVIS). Statistics and graphs were performed by Open Meta Analyst and JASP software. The confounding effect on caries incidence of the following factors was evaluated through meta-regression: age, Male/Female (M/F) ratio, DMFT, dmft, and study geographic location. Overall, the incidence of caries in the DS population was 49.9%, whereas in the control population was 63.4%. The M/F ratio, DMFT, and dmft significantly affected the incidence of DS individuals (p-value < 0.05). The evidence regarding the lower pooled incidence of caries in individuals with DS regarding controls is limited by the few scientific reports available and cross-section designs. Therefore, further studies are needed to confirm these results.

Effect of S-PRG particles on demineralization and remineralization of dentin: a clinical case report

It is known that the production of acid by oral bacteria dissolves mineral phases on the enamel surface, facilitating the formation of dental caries, with lactic acid being the main cause of caries, followed by acetic and propionic acids. Fluoride-containing materials play an important role in preventing demineralization and remineralization and these are widely used in dentistry. Although the benefits of fluoride in terms of reducing the incidence of dental caries are well established, fluoride cannot prevent caries in all patients; thus, the development of new anti-caries agents with remineralization properties is necessary. Thus, new products are emerging with this purpose and in this article, a material with Surface Pre Reacted Glass ionomer (S-PRG) particles will be addressed, these are produced by the acid-base reaction of fluoroboroaluminosilicate glass and polyacrylic acid and are known to have a potential to release 06 ions, such as Al, B, Na, Si, Sr and F, where these released ions played an important role in pH neutralization, leading to inhibition of enamel demineralization early point, where strontium (Sr) is becoming as a strong inducer of dentin matrix remineralization. Thus, this work aimed to demonstrate with a clinical case using S-PRG materials that can become an ally in the remineralization of the dental element. In conclusion, among the innovations that promote the concept of preventive and minimally invasive management, the bioactivity containing S-PRG can avoid invasive and definitive procedures such as tooth extraction.

Characterization of Experimental Nanoparticulated Dental Adhesive Resins with Long-Term Antibacterial Properties.

Experimental adhesives with functional nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (N_TiO2) have been shown to display improved properties. However, these materials have not been characterized regarding their degree of conversion (DC), biaxial flexure strength (BFS), surface roughness (SR), elastic modulus (EM), and long-term antibacterial functionalities. Experimental adhesives were synthesized by dispersing N_TiO2 (10%, 20%, or 30%, v/v%) into OptiBond Solo Plus (OPTB, Kerr Corp., USA). Unpolymerized adhesives (volume = 50 μL/drop, n = 3/group) were individually placed onto a heated (37 °C) attenuated total reflectance (ATR) monolithic diamond crystal (Golden Gate, Specac). The spectra of composites were obtained with a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer (Nicolet IS50; 500-4500 cm-1; resolution = 4 cm-1, 10 internal scans/spectrum) before and after polymerization. Disk-shaped specimens (diameter = 6.0 mm, thickness = 0.5 mm) for BFS (n = 12/group), SR and EM (n = 3/group), and for antibacterial testing (n = 18/group/time-point) were fabricated and photopolymerized (1 min each; 385-515 nm, 1000 mW/cm2; VALO). DC values (%) were calculated from pre- and post-polymerization spectra using the two-frequency method and tangent-baseline technique. BFS was assessed using a universal testing machine (Instron 68TM-5, crosshead speed = 1.27 mm/min, 25 °C). SR and EM were investigated using an atomic force microscope (Multimode 8) with aluminum-coated silicon probes (8 nm pyramidal tip, spring constant 40 N/m, Bruker). Antibacterial testing was performed by growing Streptococcus mutans biofilms (UA159-ldh, 37 °C, microaerophilic) on the surfaces of specimens for 24 h and then measuring the relative luminescence units (RLU) with a Biotek Synergy HT multi-well plate reader. Results demonstrate that experimental materials containing 10%, 20%, and 30% of N_TiO2 displayed higher levels of DC, had better mechanical properties, and were able to exert strong and durable antibacterial properties without visible light irradiation and after extended periods of simulated shelf-life and aging in PBS. The reported experimental materials are expected to increase the service lives of polymer-based bonded restorations by decreasing the incidence of secondary caries.

Plaque and Dental Caries Risk in Midlife

Dental caries is an endogenous microbial community-based disease resulting from an ecological shift from dynamic stability to metabolic imbalance in a consortium of acidogenic and aciduric bacteria comprising the dental plaque biofilm. Participants were members of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, a longitudinal investigation of health and behaviour in a cohort born in Dunedin, New Zealand. Oral biofilm samples (collected at age 32 years) from anterior labial supragingival, posterior lingual supragingival, posterior subgingival, and the dorsum of the tongue habitats for 841 participants were analysed using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridisation (CKB), focussing on 30 ecologically significant bacteria. Associations of CKB data with dental caries at ages 32 and 45 years were assessed using regression modelling, adjusting for potential confounders including sex, xerostomia, and oral hygiene. The putative periodontitis pathobiont Tannerella forsythia (in the anterior supragingival biofilm) was associated with untreated caries at age 32 years. The percentage of total summed cell number counts for two putative periodontitis-associated species (T. forsythia and Micromonas micros) was associated with greater caries experience at age 32 years and the development of new caries between age 32 and 45 years. Additionally, severe caries (3 + cavities) was associated with putative caries pathobionts (Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum), periodontitis-associated species, and commensals (M. micros, Campylobacter rectus, Streptococcus mitis biovar I, Streptococcus mitis biovar II) in the subgingival biofilm. Participants with sustained poor oral hygiene through age 32 years not only had greater experience of caries by that age than those with good oral hygiene (fully adjusted incidence risk ratio = 5.10, 95% CI: 3.30, 7.89) but also experienced greater incidence of new caries from age 32 to 45 years (incidence risk ratio = 3.69, 95% CI: 2.62, 5.20). These findings provide evidence in support of the extended caries ecological plaque hypotheses, the polymicrobial aetiology of caries, and the integrated aetiology of dental caries and periodontal diseases. They also underscore the roles of poor oral self-care (particularly over the life course) and xerostomia in the occurrence and progression of caries.

The dental use for dental caries under the National Health Insurance system in Taiwan in 2020

Background/purposeThe penetration rate of National Health Insurance (NHI) of Taiwan is as high as 99.9%. This study investigated the dental use for dental caries under the NHI system of Taiwan in 2020. Materials and methodsThe population data and medical records of the NHI system were obtained from the websites of Ministry of the Interior and the NHI Administration, respectively. The dental patient data were divided into 18 age groups to analyze the dental use indicators for dental caries under the NHI system in Taiwan in 2020. ResultsThe dental use rate for treatment of dental caries had the highest peak (55.69%) in the 5-9-year age group under the NHI system in Taiwan in 2020. It dropped abruptly to a lower point (27.39%) in the 15-19-year age group, fluctuated and declined gradually with increasing age, and finally dropped to the lowest point of 10.10% in the greater than 85-year age group. Furthermore, the number of out-patient visits per 1000 people and the medical expenses per person for dental caries among the same 18 age groups also showed a similar trend to the dental use rate. ConclusionDental caries is still the main disease of the oral cavity in Taiwan. From a cost-effectiveness viewpoint, Taiwan government should develop a better oral health policy to decrease the incidence of dental caries and to prevent dental caries from deteriorating into diseases of the pulp and periapical tissues for all citizens, especially for young children and school children.

Caries Incidence Is Associated with Wasting among Cambodian Children

Evidence suggests that dental caries is associated with chronic and acute malnutrition, manifested as stunting and wasting in children. However, studies have not always appropriately accounted for confounding factors or for the temporal ordering between exposure and outcome. This study examined relationships between the development of caries lesions with subsequent stunting and wasting outcomes using data from a population-based cohort in Cambodia. Caries incidence was assessed based on the presence of a new cavitated carious lesion or a new pulpally involved lesion across a 6-mo observation period. Anthropometric measurements were taken at regular intervals. Effects of carious lesions on stunting and wasting were assessed using inverse probability treatment weighting, adjusting for potential confounders, using z scores for height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-height (WHZ) as outcomes. In total, 894 children (mean age 20 mo at baseline) were followed over 2 y. At baseline, 350 (39.1%) were identified as having stunting malnutrition. At follow-up, 58 (6.5%) had a new pulpally involved lesion. There was no association between incidence of cavitated or pulpally involved carious lesions at follow-up and stunting (relative risk [RR] = 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75, 1.50). The incidence of pulpally involved carious lesions had an effect on wasting prevalence (WHZ <−2; RR = 1.35; 95% CI: 0.70, 2.62) and WHZ scores (average treatment effect = −0.294; 95% CI: −0.538, −0.050). This study offers evidence that the development of pulpally involved carious lesions has an effect on WHZ scores. Oral health promotion and clinical prevention and management of dental caries should be explored as interventions to promote normal growth and development among preschool children, particularly in low-income settings.

Relationship between Early Childhood Caries and Prolonged Coughing Episodes in a Cohort of Cambodian Children.

Studies have shown an association between Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and respiratory infections; however, most have been cross-sectional, and all have been in high-income countries. Inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) was applied to longitudinal data from the Cambodia Health and Nutrition Monitoring Study. An analytical sample of 1703 Cambodian children between 1- and 4-years old was used to examine the effect of caries incidence (ECC Activity) on the odds of a child subsequently experiencing an episode of prolonged coughing (>14 days) over the subsequent 18 m. ECC activity occurred among 523 children (30.7%) while prolonged coughing was observed among 235 children (13.8%). ECC activity increased the risk of prolonged coughing (RR 1.23; 95% CI 0.95, 1.58; Average treatment effect = 3%). Follow-up investigations are justified in order to examine whether ECC may be a modifiable risk factor for prevention of respiratory illness among young children.

Pandemic COVID-19 Influence on Adult's Oral Hygiene, Dietary Habits and Caries Disease-Literature Review.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2. The pandemic over the past two years has completely changed people’s daily habits with an impact on oral hygiene, eating habits, and oral health. Materials and methods: The available literature was reviewed on the PubMed platform and from other sources MEDLINE and Cochrane Reviews. The analysis included comparative and clinical trials as well as pragmatic clinical/randomized controlled trials, and observational studies which focused on the effects of COVID-19 on the dietary habits of the population, oral hygiene, and caries incidence. Results: The analysis shows that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant negative impact on dietary habits and an ambiguous impact on oral health habits of the population. The researchers showed that patients’ visits were limited only to those necessary, because of fear of infecting with the SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: The literature review shows that the COVID-19 pandemic, by affecting many aspects of everyday life, including eating habits, caring for oral hygiene, and avoiding regular visits to the dentist, may generate an increase in oral diseases. Due to the differences in knowledge results, further research observations in this field are necessary.

Health status of children's first permanent molars in Henan province from 2015 to 2020.

To investigate the eruption, caries, and pit and fissure sealing of the first permanent molars in children aged 6-9 years in Henan province. The data of oral health examination in Henan province from 2015 to 2020 were analyzed in the information management system of China Children Oral Disease Comprehensive Intervention Project. Among 486 865 children in Henan province, the total eruption rate of the four first permanent molars was 73.44%, The prevalence rate of dental caries was 30.35%, DMFT was 0.67±1.18, the ratio of caries fil-ling was 4.45%, and the rate of pit and fissure sealing was 2.36%. From 2015 to 2020, the total eruption rates of the four first permanent molars in children aged 6, 7, and 8 showed a decreasing trend (χ2trend was 385.793, 964.142, and 71.964, respectively, all P<0.05). The prevalence rates of dental caries, DMFT caries filling ratio, and pit and fissure sealing rate in children aged 6-9 increased (χ2trend/Ftrend was 1 115.87, 1 270.53, 1 215.02, 763.48, respectively, all P<0.05). The total eruption rates of the four first permanent molars in suburban counties (75.41%) were higher than those in urban areas (71.90%) (χ2=756.44, P<0.05). The prevalence rates of dental caries, DMFT, filling ratio, and pit and fissure sealing rate in urban areas (34.23%, 0.76±1.24, 4.99%, and 3.75%, respectively) were higher than those in suburban areas (25.39%, 0.55±1.09, 3.50%, and 0.58%, respectively) (χ2 was 4 435.30, 3 922.56, 390.89, and 5 262.76, respectively, P<0.05). The first permanent molar eruption completely rate maxillary (84.96%) was higher than mandible (82.88%) (χ2=1 565.70, P<0.05), and the dental caries risk of the mandible (26.07%) was higher than that of the upper (13.88%) (χ2=38 112.53, P<0.05). The health status of the first permanent molars of children aged 6-9 years in Henan province is not optimistic. The eruption rate decreased, the incidence of caries increased, and the rates of caries filling and pit and fissure sealing were low. We should pay attention to children's eating habits and oral health, strengthen oral health education, and improve oral health awareness.

Prevalence of Dental Caries Among Physically Disable Students of Primary School in Lahore

Objective: This study aimed to report the incidence of dental caries among deaf students of primary school in Lahore Method: This descriptive crossectional study was conducted at 2 private primary schools for deaf students in Lahore. Sample of the study was 150 students who were completely deaf. Data was collected by screening of oral health maintenance of students by two dentists. Chi Square test was used to explore the age wise difference in occurrence of dental caries among deaf students of primary school in Lahore Results: Overall incidence of dental caries is quite high among deaf students of primary school in Lahore (112(74.67%). Results of chi square test revealed no significant difference of incidence of dental caries in terms of age (X2=4.597, P=.204). Conclusion: In Lahore, incidence of dental caries among primary school deaf students is quite high which need to be address. Moreover, age has no significant effect on the incidence of dental caries among primary school deaf students. Keywords: Dental caries, Deaf students, Primary school, Oral health maintenance

Effect of a Short-Term Intervention with Lactobacillus salivarius Probiotic on Early Childhood Caries-An Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial.

ECC is a significant therapeutic and social problem and a global burden on public health. The aim of this clinical trial was to test whether a 2-week daily consumption of chewing tablets containing thermally inactivated L. salivarius reduces the 12-month caries increment compared to the control group. The investigation was a single-center, randomized, controlled open-label, blinded end-point evaluation trial in two parallel groups. At baseline, 140 generally healthy children between 3 and 6 years of age with or without ECC were randomly assigned to the probiotic test group (n = 70) or to the treatment as the usual control group (n = 70). The primary outcome measure was the 1-year increment in caries incidence and prevalence. Secondary endpoints assessed were the initial, cavitated and obvious dentinal caries increment as well as the measurement of dental plaque accumulation, as an indicator of the ECC risk. Data were collected through the clinical assessment of the children’s caries (dmft and ICDAS II) and oral hygiene status (DI-S of OHI-S index). Caries incidence and prevalence were statistically significantly lower in the probiotic group versus the control group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.0075). The initial and final mean OHI-S scores in the probiotic group did not show any significant differences. In conclusion, the regular short-term intake of probiotics may reduce caries development. Our findings suggest that self-administered probiotic therapy may provide a good complement to increase the effectiveness of individual preventive home care in preschool children. This is the first clinical study evaluating the effect of a short-term probiotic intervention on reducing early childhood caries with 12 months of follow-up.

THE POSITION OF IMPACTED OF THIRD MOLAR WITH CARRIES OF SECOND MOLAR MANDIBULA

Background:Impaction is a pathological condition in which a tooth cannot erupt because its growth is blocked, its abnormal location also causes a gap between the adjacent teeth which can become a place for food or bacteria to enter, making it difficult to clean. The remaining food that is tucked away will cause pain and can also cause caries in the second molar. This study aims to determine the relationship between impacted mandibular third molars and caries incidence of mandibular second molar. Methods: This type of research is analytic with a cross sectional approach. The research sample is positive sampling, the research sample is 130 respondents. Results: The results of the research test Chi-square test results also showed that there was a relationship between gender, impacted position of the mandibular third molar with the incidence of caries in the mandibular second molar with ap value of 0.002 &lt;0.05, Conclusion: there is a relationship between types of sex, impacted position of the mandibular third molar with the incidence of caries in the mandibular second molar.

Do additional high-fluoride interventions among low caries prevalence orthodontic cases using fixed appliances reduce caries incidence?

Design Three-arm randomised controlled trial (RCT). Three groups were contrasted: group one used only a 1,450 ppm fluoride toothpaste as an adjunctive caries prevention method. Group two used only 5,000 ppm fluoride toothpaste as an adjunctive caries prevention method. Group three was similar to group one but with the addition of a fluoride mouth rinse (0.2% sodium fluoride). The Decayed Initial Filled Surfaces (DIFS) index based on progress radiographs was used as the primary outcome variable.Case selection Prospective orthodontic patients with a low caries prevalence are willing to participate in the RCT.Data analysis Non-parametric statistical tests were used to compare the changes in DIFS between the groups. A Cochrane-Mantel-Haenszel method was applied to control for differences in baseline values during relative risk calculations.Results All groups had an increase in DIFS during treatment (between 36% and 48% of the participants). Caries incidence was not significantly affected in either treatment group when considering two cut-off values for DIFS (one and two points). The same applied to the use of decayed filled teeth as the outcome variable.Conclusions This clinical trial assessed the potential impact of supplementary, high-fluoride interventions on caries incidence during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Included cases had a low caries history. Adjunctive, fluoride-based interventions had no bearing on the incidence of caries as measured through the DIFS index.

Changes in the oral status and periodontal pathogens in a Sardinian rural community from pre-industrial to modern time

The oral microbial profile in humans has evolved in response to lifestyle changes over the course of different eras. Here, we investigated tooth lesions and the microbial profile of periodontal bacteria (PB) in dental calculus of a Sardinian pre-industrial rural community. In total, 51 teeth belonging to 12 historical individuals buried in an ossuary in the early 1800s and 26 modern teeth extracted from 26 individuals from the same geographical area were compared to determine the oral health status, bacterial load and amount of most relevant PB. Total caries and bacterial genomes count appeared to be sex-related in historical samples. Historical females presented a higher incidence of caries, PB pathogens and a higher bacterial load than historical males. Furthermore, we compared the PB profile of the historical individuals with the modern ones, revealing a notable increase in modern individuals of PB belonging to “Red complex bacteria” often associated with periodontitis and other chronic diseases of modern life. Our findings could be explained through an analysis of environmental factors such as socioeconomic, hygienic and healthy conditions that can have a great impact on oral health and bacterial composition among individuals of the same and different eras.

Retrospective summary analysis on the results of oral health epidemiological investigations in China.

ObjectiveComparative analysis of the results of the four national oral health epidemiological investigations conducted in 1983, 1995, 2005 and 2015 respectively, to understand the changes in the oral health status of the Chinese people with economic development, and provide a scientific basis for the country to formulate effective oral health defense measures.MethodsCollect the data of four large-scale oral health epidemiological investigations conducted in the past 40 years, make a retrospective summary and comparative analysis of the list below to understand the changes in Chinese oral health-related indicators such as dental caries and analyze the reason.ResultsSince 1995, the preventive counseling rate was increased. Since 1983, the incidence of caries has decreased, but it has increased in children aged 5 and 12 in the last ten years. Four investigations have examined gingivitis and the situation has not improved significantly. Tooth loss was mainly concentrated in the old group, the repair rate of denture was significantly increased. There are significant differences between the gender and urban and rural distribution of oral health.ConclusionsThere is an imbalance in the degree of oral health knowledge of Chinese people, and the incidence of caries and periodontal diseases is still relatively high. It is necessary to strengthen hygiene guidance for different age groups, focusing on prevention and combining prevention and treatment to jointly promote oral health.

Caries, periodontitis and tooth loss after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A systematic review.

A systematic review was conducted to assess scientific knowledge concerning the effect of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) on the occurrence of caries, periodontal conditions and tooth loss, and to evaluate the prevalence of these diseases in adult HSCT survivors (PROSPERO 152906). PubMed and Embase were searched for papers, published from January 2000 until November 2020 without language restriction, assessing prevalence, incidence or parameters of caries, periodontal conditions and tooth loss in HSCT recipients (≥80% transplanted in adulthood). Bias risk was assessed with checklists from Joanna Briggs Institute, and data synthesis was performed by narrative summary. Eighteen papers were included (1618 subjects). Half were considered at high risk of bias. Longitudinal studies did not show caries progression, decline in periodontal health or tooth loss after HSCT. The prevalence in HSCT survivors ranged from 19% to 43% for caries, 11% to 67% for periodontitis, and 2% to 5% for edentulism. Certainty in the body of evidence was very low. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, on the short term, may have little to no effect on caries, periodontal conditions and tooth loss. Caries and periodontitis may be more common in HSCT survivors compared with the general population, whereas edentulism may be comparable. However, the evidence for all conclusions is very uncertain.

Changes in the global burden of untreated dental caries from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study

ObjectiveTo investigate the burden of untreated dental caries in 204 countries and territories over 30 years. MethodsData of untreated dental caries from 1990 to 2019, including the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability, were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database. Estimated annual percentage changes were calculated to assess the changes in the age-standardized incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability rates. ResultsGlobally, in 2019, there were 3.09 billion (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 2.76–3.39 billion) new cases of untreated dental caries in permanent teeth (48.00% increase), 2.03 billion (1.77–2.33) prevalent cases (46.07% increase), and 2.00 million (0.93–3.88) YLDs (45.64% increase), all since 1990. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of untreated dental caries in permanent teeth showed an upward trend (estimated annual percentage changes [EAPC] = 0.01), but age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) (EAPC = −0.13) and age-standardized YLD rate (ASYR) (EAPC = −0.13) decreased. There were 1.15 billion (0.79–1.52) new cases of untreated dental caries in deciduous teeth (11.74% increase), 0.52 billion (0.41–0.63) prevalent cases (5.89% increase), and 0.20 million (0.09–0.43) YLDs (6.03% increase), all since 1990. From 1990 to 2019, the ASIR of untreated dental caries in permanent teeth showed a stable trend (EAPC = 0), but the ASPR (EAPC = −0.15) and ASYR (EAPC = −0.14) decreased. The incidence of untreated dental caries peaked at the ages of 5–9 and 20–24 years, and the prevalence and years lived with disability at 1–4, 20–24, and 60–64 years. ConclusionUntreated dental caries remains a major global public health challenge, but demographic, sex, and regional differences in trends remain. Proactive intervention strategies, at both administrative and academic levels, based on dynamic changes, are needed.