Inadequate Use Research Articles

NIH Nutrition Health Disparities Framework: A Model to Advance Health Equity

ObjectivesDisparities in nutrition such as poor diet quality and inadequate nutrient intake arise from multiple factors and are related to adverse health outcomes such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and diet-related cancers. The objective is to develop a nutrition-centric socioecological (SE) framework that delineates determinants and levels of influence that perpetuate diet-related disparities among disadvantaged populations. MethodsAdapted from the National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities Research Framework, the Nutrition Health Disparities Framework (NHDF) examines the synergistic interactions across biological, behavioral, and environmental domains at every SE level that contribute to nutrition health disparities. Based on the scientific literature, NIH nutrition experts developed a consensus in selecting nutrition-related determinants of health within each domain and SE level when creating the NHDF. ResultsThe NHDF identifies how neighborhood food availability, access, and affordability (individual/built environment) can intersect with cultural norms and practices (interpersonal/sociocultural environment) to influence dietary behaviors and risk for diet-related disease. Similarly, the NHDF shows how genetic predisposition (individual/biology), family dietary practices (interpersonal/behavioral), and food marketing policies (societal) may promote the consumption of unhealthy foods and increase chronic disease risk. Additionally, family and peer norms (interpersonal/behavior) related to breastfeeding and early childhood nutrition can interact with resource-poor environments such as lack of preventative health care (societal/health care system) and inadequate use of Federal nutrition programs (societal/behavioral), which may increase the risk for childhood malnutrition and food insecurity. ConclusionsThe NHDF expands our understanding of the synergistic interrelationships among factors at different levels of the SE model that influence nutrition-related outcomes and exacerbate health disparities. This framework is an important resource for nutrition professionals and researchers and may inform the development of multilevel nutrition interventions to improve health outcomes and increase health equity in diverse populations. Funding SourcesN/A.

Macroscopic and microscopic fungi with insecticidal activity

Agri-food production is affected by various factors, such as insect pests. Inadequate use of pesticides has generated resistance, and some pesticides have been shown to affect human health and the environment. Therefore, alternative control methods have been sought, such as the use of biocontrol with fungi; these organisms have shown activity against insect pests. Thus, this review compiles relevant and important studies that have been carried out over the last four decades. In general, fungi are divided into two large groups, macroscopic and microscopic fungi. In these two groups, possible fungal candidates with activity against insects have been found. They were subdivided into two groups: microscopic entomopathogenic fungi and macroscopic entomopathogenic fungi with basidiomata. In the case of microscopic entomopathogenic fungi, only the main species of these fungi (Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana, and Isaria fumosorosea) have been examined. These fungi present degrees of specificity at the family or closely related species level. For these three fungal species alone, more than 500 species of affected insects have been reported in this and other reviews. Finally, more than 200 species of fungi with basidiomata have been studied for their insecticidal activity. Additionally, possible compounds with insecticidal activity, such as ibotenic acid, beauvericin, ergosterol, and ostreolysin, are described. The studies found in the present review of fungi with insecticidal activity are promising. It was concluded that fungi, their compounds, and the proteins they contain may have a biotechnological application in the control of insect pests.

Cross sectional study on digital eye strain among undergraduate medical students in a medical college in South India

Background: Digital eye strain has been a matter of serious concern since the usage of digital devices has increased exponentially in the last few years. Several individuals suffer from physical discomfort, vague pain in the eyes, neck, head & shoulders, dryness, blurring & watering of eyes after screen use for longer than two hours at a time. The collection of these symptoms are referred to as digital eye strain. Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence, symptoms and associated risk factors of digital eye strain among undergraduate medical students in a medical college in South India. Material & Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among undergraduate medical students of a medical college located in south India using structured questionnaire administered through online social media. Results: 596 students responded to this questionnaire. Out of these 596 respondents, 351 students(58.89%) reported experiencing the symptoms of DES. Eye strain (34.10%),frequent headache(28.9%),rubbing of eyes (26.0%),watering (21.3%), burning sensation in eye(17.4%), redness (11.4%)were the symptoms reported by the subjects. Prolonged Use of digital devices, presence of refractive errors and inadequate use of photochromic spectacles and dependence on social media for academic and recreational purposes were the important causes for development of DES.

Sulphur and its significance in higher pulse production

Sulphur is one of the emerging plant nutrients, required for pulse crops. After nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium, it is forth key nutrient for plant nutrition. It is taken up by the plants in the form of sulphates form from the soil. The factors that are responsible for the wide spread deficiency of sulphur are excess use of high analysis fertilizers, inadequate use of crop residue, high yielding varieties of crops and its removal of sulphur by the crops. Sulphur plays a pivotal role in overall pulse production, by synthesis of sulphur containing amino acids, enhancing protein content, nodule formation and plant biomass. However, the requirement of sulphur for effective crop production is not showing promising trend. Comparing the sources of sulphur fertilizers, gypsum showed its superiority by producing high grain and straw yield in pulses. In some of the field experiments on pulses, addition of sulphur @30kg and 40kgof S/ha along with the recommended dose, increased the growth (plant height and number of branches) and yield and quality parameters (grain yield and protein content). This review highlights the different response of crops to Sulphur application, sources, uptake and its interactions with other nutrients for profitable crop production. Moreover, it provides new insights to revisit the significance of sulphur in higher pulse production.

The paradigm wars and the incompatibility thesis live on: Trends and adequacy in the use of mixed methods research in the Ghana Journal of Development Studies

Despite the potential of mixed methods research (MMR) in providing a comprehensive picture of development issues, its pervasiveness and use in development studies is limited. This paper examines the use of MMR as reflected in contributions to the Ghana Journal of Development Studies (GJDS). Based on a rapid review and content analysis of 105 articles, published in the GJDS over the period 2010 to 2017, this paper illustrates there is an inadequate use of MMR among the community of researchers contributing articles to the GJDS. Specifically, only 16 percent of journal articles used MMR, whereas 52 percent and 32 percent used solely quantitative and qualitative approaches, respectively. The huge use of mono-methods and the paucity of MMR in the field of development studies suggest that the ‘paradigm wars’ and the ‘incompatibility thesis’ are not over. Eighty-six percent of articles that reportedly used MMR did not mention the purposes for employing it, explain the typologies of its designs used, the stages, or even the way the qualitative and quantitative data were integrated.

The Significance of Lymph Node Ratio and Total Lymph Nodes Examined in Determining the Indications of Adjuvant Radiation in pN2 Non–small Cell Lung Cancer

Introduction/BackgroundPast studies have shown mixed results of postoperative radiation (PORT) for pN2 NSCLC patients. We hypothesize that PORT can improve overall survival (OS) in pN2 NSCLC patients with high lymph node ratio (LNR). Materials/MethodsThe National Cancer Database was queried for non-metastatic pN2 NSCLC patients with R0 surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy from 2004 to 2016. Cox models were used to assess the impact of PORT and LNR on OS adjusted for patient characteristics and treatment information. ResultsAmong 4,050 patients, 1,728 (42.7%) had PORT. There was increased use of IMRT in the more recent period (53.8% in 2010-2016 vs 24.0% in 2004-2009). PORT was associated with better OS in the overall cohort. For patients with inadequate lymph node dissection (LND), PORT marginally improved OS (HR = 0.91, p = 0.058). Among patients with adequate LND, PORT did not improve OS for patients with LNR <15% (HR = 1.11, p = 0.21), or LNR 15-29% (HR = 1.03, p = 0.73), but it significantly improved OS for patients with LNR ≥30% (HR = 0.83, p = 0.006). In patients with LNR≥30%, IMRT significantly improved OS when compared to no PORT (HR = 0.75, p < 0.05) while 3D RT did not (HR = 0.89, p = 0.32). ConclusionsPORT was associated with better survival for pN2 NSCLC patients after R0 resection, adequate LND with high LNR, after accounting for multiple confounders. Among the whole cohort, most of the OS benefits of PORT were driven by patients with inadequate LND, high LNR or use of IMRT.

The Intensivist's Perspective of Shock, Volume Management, and Hemodynamic Monitoring.

One of the primary reasons for intensive care admission is shock. Identifying the underlying cause of shock (hypovolemic, distributive, cardiogenic, and obstructive) may lead to entirely different clinical pathways for management. Among patients with hypovolemic and distributive shock, fluid therapy is one of the leading management strategies. Although an appropriate amount of fluid administration might save a patient's life, inadequate (or excessive) fluid use could lead to more complications, including organ failure and mortality due to either hypovolemia or volume overload. Currently, intensivists have access to a wide variety of information sources and tools to monitor the underlying hemodynamic status, including medical history, physical examination, and specific hemodynamic monitoring devices. Although appropriate and timely assessment and interpretation of this information can promote adequate fluid resuscitation, misinterpretation of these data can also lead to additional mortality and morbidity. This article provides a narrative review of the most commonly used hemodynamic monitoring approaches to assessing fluid responsiveness and fluid tolerance. In addition, we describe the benefits and disadvantages of these tools.

Monetary Policy Response to COVID-19

This paper focuses on the impacts of water stress on health outcomes. It specifically investigates the health effects of insufficiency of water for sanitary needs in drought-affected households. A focus group discussion that drew medical experts from such fields as medicine, virology, and microbiology was conducted to collect data. The findings of the study show that there is a possibility of vulnerability to negative health outcomes such as Cholera, Diarrhea, and respiratory problems by households that lack the necessary levels of water for domestic, sanitation, and hygiene uses. It is therefore important that individuals and households susceptible to the vagaries of drought be aware of this relationship so that they may forge necessary adaptive measures such as the use of purifiers, hand and surface sanitizers, and disinfectants to mitigate the health effects of a drought that are related to inadequate water use for sanitary purposes.

Chart GCN: Learning chart information with a graph convolutional network for stock movement prediction

Advanced deep learning methods have been widely adopted in stock movement prediction with technical analysis (TA), while researchers prefer technical indicators to technical charts due to the divergence in quantification difficulty. In traditional TA, researchers usually utilize chart similarity to solve the quantifying problem, while chart similarity is often limited to specific charts as the templates for comparison, resulting in massive inadequate use of information. Accordingly, we propose a novel similarity framework to overcome the limitation of chart similarity to specific charts. Specifically, after extracting the key point sequence (i.e., the draft chart) from the stock price series, we transform it into a graph and ultimately employ an arbitrary graph kernel such as the Weisfeiler-Lehman graph kernel and graph convolutional network (GCN) to sufficiently mine the information in the chart for stock movement prediction. Our similarity framework is more robust than the chart similarity measures commonly used in traditional TA. Additionally, we further evaluate the effectiveness of our framework on real-world stock data and show that our framework achieves the best performance compared to several state-of-the-art baselines in stock movement prediction and obtains the highest average net values in a trading simulation. Our results complement the existing application of the chart similarity method in deep learning and provide support for the investing application of financial market decisions.

Manajemen Pondok Pesantren Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berdakwah Di Pondok Pesantren Modern Dan Tahfidz Al - Ikhwan Assalam Serapuh ABC Kecamatan Tanjung Pura

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; This research is a qualitative research. With this type of field research, this is done to explain various kinds of problems related to the subject matter being studied. Sources of data in this study obtained by means of observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed from the results of interviews with informants regarding the implementation of the management of the Al Ikhwan Assalam Islamic Boarding School has been going well. The application of management in the management of Islamic boarding schools includes various aspects such as aspects of education, aspects of worship, economic aspects, aspects of da'wah, aspects of social media, aspects of cooperative relationships. In carrying out the management planning of Islamic boarding schools, it is carried out at the beginning of the new academic year by compiling a work program to be carried out, the organization carried out has a management structure that includes aspects of their respective fields, in the implementation alone conducted in accordance with plan which has been made at the beginning and with time according to their respective aspects, while the self-evaluation is carried out at the end of the new school year to assess activities that are already running and lack of activities to become suggestions for further activities. Improvement in students' da'wah skills at Pondok Pesantren Al Ikhwan Assalam Serapuh ABC is done by applying the elements of management. Namely da'wah planning, organization of da'wah, implementation of da'wah, supervision of da'wah and evaluation of da'wah. Some of the supporting factors in da'wah management activities are the existence of a library as a reference source for the library. There is responsibility and loyalty from the administrators and Ustadz of Al Ikhwan Assalam Islamic Boarding School Serapuh ABC in fostering the da'wah of students . In addition to supporting factors, there are inhibiting factors, namely the activities carried out are sometimes unsatisfactory, due to limited references from the students. Limitations Inadequate reference sources Weak use of technology to develop student excellence values because students are not allowed to use cell phones in Islamic boarding schools.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Country of birth as a potential determinant of inadequate antenatal care use among women giving birth in Brussels. A cross-sectional study.

One of the mechanisms explaining perinatal health inequalities could be inadequate antenatal care among some immigrant groups. Few European studies compared antenatal care use between different groups of immigrants taking into account individual characteristics. This research investigates the associations of three birth regions with the use of antenatal care, by also considering socioeconomic and migration-related determinants. We included 879 mothers born in Belgium, North Africa, and Sub-Saharan Africa, and interviewed them in four Brussels hospitals after they gave birth, using an adapted version of the Migrant-Friendly Maternity Care Questionnaire. We additionally collected clinical data from hospital records. We carried out descriptive analyses and ran univariate and multivariable logistic regression models to estimate the associations of socioeconomic and migration characteristics with a) late start of antenatal care and b) less than minimum recommended number of consultations. The vast majority of women in this study had adequate care in terms of timing (93.9%), frequency of consultations (82.2%), and self-reported access (95.9%). Region of birth was an independent risk factor for late initiation of care, but not for infrequent consultations. Women born in Sub-Saharan Africa were more prone to accessing care late (OR 3.3, 95%CI 1.5-7.7), but were not more at risk of infrequent consultations. Women born in North Africa, had similar adequacy of care compared to the Belgium-born population. The three groups also differed in terms of socioeconomic profiles and socioeconomic predictors of antenatal care use. Housing type, professional activity, and health insurance status were important predictors of both outcomes. This study showed that the region of birth was partly associated with adequacy of care, in terms of initiation, but not number of consultations. Further dimensions of adequacy of care (content, quality) should be studied in the future. Socioeconomic factors are also key determinants of antenatal care use.

Using Modular Construction Terms

With the growing number of international construction projects, the development of the international building materials market and the European integration of Ukraine, there is a growing need to harmonize common terminology in this area. When translating, new borrowed terms still have weak family ties in the new language, which means there is a high risk of inadequate use. The article is devoted to the analysis of terms and definitions related to modular construction in modern construction terminology for their further use in the harmonization of international standards and inclusion in explanatory dictionaries of construction terms. Terms such as prefab and modular construction refer to off-site or on-site prefabrication and process improvement, and refer to new borrowed terms. These terms require critical analysis, as they are usually used as synonyms, because designers and builders are not always aware of their difference, which causes a lot of confusion. To substantiate the terminology of modular construction, one should rely on the experience of leading specialized construction companies and the opinion of foreign scientists involved in research in this area. Triumph Modular advises considering "prefab" as a general term because it refers to prefabrication and is used in relation to anything that takes place off site. Moreover, panel sections (walls, roofs and floors), which significantly speed up the assembly at the construction site, it is appropriate to call prefab – structures, but not modules. The trade association Modular Building Institute suggests that the term "modules" refers to a special kind of prefabricated components that form a space, such as an entire room. The author also analyzed the relevant terms and definitions contained in the current regulations and guidelines of the UK – the world's leading country in terms of the volume and pace of modular construction. Based on the results of the analysis of the harmonization of the terms of modular construction, it is proposed to carry out on the basis of the following statements: it is volumetric-block structural systems that should be considered modular; modular relate primarily to systems with a wooden and metal frame; modular construction is more capital construction.

멕시코 헌법 2021년 개정안의 젠더-포괄적 언어 사용에 대한 어휘-문법적 고찰

On May 11, 2021, Mexico’s Senate approved a constitutional reform that eliminates the sexist expressions varón y mujer (“man and woman”, in English) from articles 30 and 34 of the Constitution and replaces them with the gender-inclusive language concept of personas (“persons” in English) in order to promote gender equality. In recent years there have been published a large number of so-called ‘inclusive language manuals’ in Hispanosphere, so Mexico and Spain are no exceptions. But, as indicated by Bosque(2012), the manuals of Spain and those of Mexico do not make a unified and satisfactory analysis from the linguistic perspective. Based on the examples collected from the the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, we will try to offer an alternative suggestion with respect to some lexical-grammatical issues related to the inadequate use of generic masculine and dual forms of articles and the low frequency of use of epicene nouns.

Nectar Water - A Bio-Pesticide

Crop protection has depended significantly on synthetic chemical pesticides for the last 60 years. Inadequate use of broad-spectrum chemical pesticides to improve agricultural productivity has resulted in a number of negative consequences, including the development of resistance in target pests, the killing of beneficial organisms, the presence of harmful residues in food, feed, and fodder, and a hazardous impact on human health. The growing public awareness about the possible negative effects of synthetic agrochemicals encourages a quest for technology and products that are less harmful to the environment. As a result, different eco-friendly pest management strategies are required. Pest management agents based on live microorganisms or natural items are known as bio-pesticides. They have demonstrated pest management capability and are utilised all around the world. Bio-pesticides are formulations derived from naturally occurring compounds that control pests through non-toxic and environmentally acceptable techniques. The use of bio-pesticides has the potential to significantly assist agricultural and public health initiatives.

Tacit knowledge and a multi-method approach in Asset Management

This paper has two main objectives. The first one is to reflect on the validity of data in analysis and projections that underpin the engineering asset management of organizations, considering, on the one hand, a certain resistance or even inadequate use of data and information of a subjective nature and; on the other hand, a consolidated reliance on quantitative approaches and decisions based on data series. The second objective is to contextualize the applicability of combining qualitative data based on experts’ experience and on the tacit knowledge built in organizations, with approaches based essentially on quantitative data, according to the data availability and the decision scenario over the asset life cycle. We present two application of an approach combining quali and quanti data. One example interrelates Statistics with Psychology and the other combines elicitated data about asset indicators with parameters deterministically calculated. Both applications aiming at providing more realistic indicators and supporting the Asset Management process to make more assertive decisions.

Modeling the Ranked Antenatal Care Visits Using Optimized Partial Least Square Regression.

The frequency and timing of antenatal care visits are observed to be the significant factors of infant and maternal morbidity and mortality. The present research is conducted to determine the risk factors of reduced antenatal care visits using an optimized partial least square regression model. A data set collected during 2017-2018 by Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys is used for modeling purposes. The partial least square regression model coupled with rank correlation measures are introduced for improved performance to address ranked response. The proposed models included PLSρs, PLSτA, PLSτB, PLSτC, PLS D, PLSτGK, PLS G, and PLS U. Three filter-based factor selection methods are executed, and leave-one-out cross-validation by linear discriminant analysis is measured on predicted scores of all models. Finally, the Monte Carlo simulation method with 10 iterations of repeated sampling for optimization of validation performance is applied to select the optimum model. The standard and proposed models are executed over simulated and real data sets for efficiency comparison. The PLSρs is found to be the most appropriate proposed method to model the observed ranked data set of antenatal care visits based on validation performance. The optimal model selected 29 influential factors of inadequate use of antenatal care. The important factors of reduced antenatal care visits included women's educational status, wealth index, total children ever born, husband's education level, domestic violence, and history of cesarean section. The findings recommended that partial least square regression algorithms coupled with rank correlation coefficients provide more efficient estimates of ranked data in the presence of multicollinearity.

Itʼs 3:00 p.m., do you know where your children are? New Yorkʼs inadequate use of federal funds that have led to the continuance of childcare deserts

AbstractIn New York, low‐income families, urban communities, and rural areas are suffering from a lack of childcare. This inadequacy leads to the formation of childcare deserts; areas where families do not have access to childcare. Because of the vague guidelines proposed by federal grants, New York has misused federal funds, which has led to the continuance of childcare deserts. This Note proposes specifying federal funding guidelines, which can better allocate funds to needy families, as well as creating a volunteer program for high school students to create before and aftercare programs in public schools.

Host‐country language proficiency and migrant‐native disparities in prenatal care utilization: A nationwide study in Portugal

AbstractBackgroundMigrant‐native disparities in perinatal health and care utilization are well‐established, yet most evidence comes from countries without universal health coverage. Migrant‐specific factors potentially contributing to such disparities are seldom examined. We investigated the association between migration and host‐country language proficiency and inadequate utilization of prenatal care (PNC) in Portugal.MethodsWe used robust Poisson regression to analyze data from 1419 migrant and 2477 native women enrolled in the Portuguese Bambino cohort study who had given birth at a Portuguese public hospital between 2017 and 2019. Migrant women's language proficiency was self‐rated for understanding, speaking, reading, and writing skills. PNC utilization inadequacy was assessed using three dimensions: initiation, number of visits, and the modified Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization (mAPNCU) Index score.ResultsMigrant women were overall more likely to initiate PNC late and have inadequate/intermediate mAPNCU scores than natives. Migrant‐native disparities in the number of PNC visits were only observed among recent migrants (≤5 years in Portugal). Full, intermediate, and limited Portuguese skills were associated with increasingly higher risks of late PNC initiation (aRR 1.34 [95%CI 1.20‐1.50]); (aRR 1.52 [95%CI 1.28‐1.80]); (aRR 1.91 [95%CI 1.52‐2.40]), inadequate number of PNC visits (aRR 1.06 [95%CI 0.93‐1.22]); (aRR 1.14 [95%CI 0.97‐1.34]); (aRR 1.57 [95%CI 1.19‐2.07]), and inadequate/intermediate mAPNCU scores (aRR 1.18 [95%CI 1.07‐1.32]); (aRR 1.30 [95%CI 1.11‐1.53]); (aRR 1.69 [95%CI 1.38‐2.07]) compared with native Portuguese skills, respectively.ConclusionsMigrant‐native disparities in PNC utilization are present in Portugal, despite universal health coverage. Recent migrants and women with limited language competence are the most vulnerable to inadequate PNC use.

A Multicenter Retrospective Study on Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Pyogenic Liver Abscess Focusing Multidrug-Resistant Organisms.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is a growing problem worldwide. However, little is known about the incidence, clinical features and outcomes of pyogenic liver abscesses (PLAs) caused by MDROs. A retrospective study of 833 patients with PLA admitted from 2008 to 2017 was performed. MDROs were found in 55 (6.6%) patients, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae was the most common causative microorganism. To evaluate the clinical features of and risk factors for MDRO-induced PLAs, propensity score matching (PSM) was performed in a 1:3 ratio (55 patients with MDROs and 165 patients without MDROs). After PSM, previous hepatobiliary procedure, preadmission exposure to antibiotics and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels were independent risk factors for MDRO-induced PLA. Sixteen patients (7.3%) died during hospitalization. Admission to intensive care unit (ICU), inadequate initial antibiotic treatment and use of inotropic agents were factors predictive of mortality. Although the presence of MDROs was not associated with in-hospital mortality, inadequate initial antibiotic treatment was prescribed to a large portion of the patients with MDRO-induced PLAs. We conclude that initial empirical antibiotic therapy for PLA should be based on the possibility of infection with MDROs, and close monitoring is necessary for patients with risk factors for in-hospital mortality.

Frequency and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pathogens from Cases of Urinary Tract Infection: A Prospective Observational Study.

Objectives Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common diagnoses in patients visiting urology clinics. Rampant use of empiric and inadequate doses of antibiotics leads to an increase in resistance and poses a huge financial burden. We evaluated UTI in relation to antibiotics used, frequency, susceptibility, and resistance pattern of different pathogens at a tertiary care center and made some important observations. Methods Prospectively 729 patients diagnosed with UTI attending a urology outpatient department from July 2018 to January 2020 were managed accordingly. Antibiotics were started on the basis of urine culture and sensitivity (c/s) or empirically and changed according to subsequent urine c/s. Repeat urine c/s was performed after 5 to 7 days of starting therapy and 10 days after completion of therapy. Results Out of 729 subjects, 417 (57.2%) were males and 312 (42.8%) were females. The most common symptom at diagnosis was dysuria 512 (70.2%), whereas 221 (30.3%) patients presented with fever. Escherichia coli was the most common organism isolated, 453 (62.1%). Among 729 patients, 239 took antibiotics without c/s report, whereas in 490 patients antibiotics were prescribed after the report. A total of 431 (59.1%) patients required one antibiotic session for clearance of pathogen, whereas 135 (18.5%) required two sessions, and three sessions were required in 66 (9%) cases. Among 239 patients whose culture came out to be positive, 145 (60.6%) were found to be resistant to the previously given antibiotic and the common pathogens isolated were E. coli (61 [42%]), Pseudomonas (28 [19.3%]), Enterococcus (22 [15.1%]), Klebsiella (14 [9.6%]), and others. Conclusion Unchecked, rampant, and inadequate use of antibiotics leads to complicated UTI with the increasing share of Pseudomonas, Klebsiella , or other dangerous microbes, which are difficult to treat as well as pose threat in the future.