IN X-NONE Research Articles

Taṭwīr al-Māddah al-Dirāsiyyah ‘alā Asās al-Żakā’āt al-Muta‘addidah li Tarqiyah Fahm al-Qawā‘id

1024x768 Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;} The background of this research is the lack of diversity of teaching materials and the need for teachers and students to develop them. The purpose of this study is to describe the development of Arabic language teaching materials based on multiple intelligences, to determine their validity and effectiveness. The research method used is R&D with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Application, and Evaluation). The results of the study are as follows: (1) Multiple intelligences-based teaching materials are valid with a percentage of 92.4% in terms of material, 87.5% in language and 94.23% in design. (2) Multiple intelligences-based learning materials are effective for improving students' understanding of qawaid, this can be seen from the Wilcoxon 0.000 test results which are less than 0.05. This shows that the alternative hypothesis is accepted and the null hypothesis is rejected . 1024x768 Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;} The background of this research is the lack of diversity of teaching materials and the need for teachers and students to develop them. The purpose of this study is to describe the development of Arabic language teaching materials based on multiple intelligences, to determine their validity and effectiveness. The research method used is R&D with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Application, and Evaluation). The results of the study are as follows: (1) Multiple intelligences-based teaching materials are valid with a percentage of 92.4% in terms of material, 87.5% in language and 94.23% in design. (2) Multiple intelligences-based learning materials are effective for improving students' understanding of qawaid, this can be seen from the Wilcoxon 0.000 test results which are less than 0.05. This shows that the alternative hypothesis is accepted and the null hypothesis is rejected .

Development of STEM-Based Physics Teaching Materials Integrated 21st Century Skills (4C) and Characters

Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:0cm; mso-para-margin-left:35.45pt; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} T eaching materials currently available are mostly centred on text-book and tasks. Moreover, it is rarely implanted with 21st century skills and character values so that students find it difficult when solving problems related to life. STEM-based teaching materials developed are presented with characteristics of fluid information which is complemented by discussions, practicum, and project activities related to STEM aspects and integrated with 21st century skills (4C) and character values so that students are encouraged to be more active in solving problems. This study aims to describe characteristics and identify feasibility, readability, student responses to STEM-based physics teaching materials, integrated 21st century skills (4C), and characters. The method used in this research was Research and Development (R&D) with producers adapted from the research and development steps of Borg and Gall, which are modified into seven stages. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out in several ways, namely interviews, tests, and questionnaires placed on a likert scale. The results of the feasibility test showed that the teaching materials were in a very worthy category. The readability test results show ed that the teaching materials were presenting in the class easily understood. The assessment of students’ responses to teaching materials showed an excellent category to be used by the second-year student of high school as a supporting learning source in the fluid subject learning process. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE <w:LsdException

The Implementation of Advance Pricing Agreement in Indonesia Following The Adoption of Dispute Resolution Guideline

Advance Pricing Agreement (APA) is one of the fiscal instruments for minimizing transfer pricing disputes. In Indonesia, the regulation of APA was initially adopted in Income Tax Law year 2000 art 18(3a). Later, the implementation regulation was issued through Directorate General of Taxes Regulation, PER No. 69/PJ/2010. However, during that period the implementation of APA in Indonesia was still on very low progress. In 2015 Directorate General of Taxation (DGT) has not concluded to agree on any APA until the last revision of APA rule through Minister of Finance Regulation No 7/PMK.03/2015. This research utilizes a descriptive qualitative methodology where data is collected through a review of the literature and semi-structured in-depth interviews with key stakeholders. The result of this research shows that the development of APA implementation after the issuance of Minister of Finance Regulation No 7/PMK.03/2015 has increased. Based on statistics of APA in Indonesia after 2016 there was an increase in the APA submissions and the DGT has successfully concluded some APAs. The latest APA implementation in Indonesia has followed the dispute resolution guidelines as proposed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) through Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project as proposed in the Action Plan 14. However, there are issues pertaining to the implementation of APA such as transparency and certainty related to the APA process. Responding to these issues the DGT has made several attempts such as, improving human resources and strengthening the regulatory. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE

Reading in Communication Perspective

As a part of daily activities, the concept of reading is often used without referring to its conceptual meaning. The meaning of reading is simplified, to be only associated with the activity of scanning textual literatures. This simplified meaning does not only occur in the context of popular conversation, but can also be found in academic literature. By utilizing the literature review method, this conceptual article seeks to find a more relevant definition of reading that can explain the activity of reading in a communication perspective, especially related to the development of communication technology. Result of this study shows that the concept of reading in the field of communication is not limited to written script reading. In communication perspective, reading is more properly seen as an activity of scanning codes, symbols, and other forms of representation that contain patterns, including written scripts. Data and information can be seen as messages, while the five senses and technology as an extension of the sensory system,can be seen as sensors that receive the messages . Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE

The Development and Validation of a Local Wisdom-Integrated Physics Module to Grow the Students’ Character of Sanggup Bagawi Gasan Masyarakat

This study is aimed to describe the feasibility of a local wisdom-integrated physics module to train the character of sanggup bagawi gasan masyarakat, viewed from the aspect of validity, practicality, effectiveness, and the achievement of student’s character. This physics module is integrated to the production of brown sugar in Balangan Regency, on temperature and heat materials. This research is a research development with ADDIE design. The subjects of this research were 27 students of class X in one of the high schools in Balangan. The research instruments used included were validation sheets, student response questionnaires, learning achievement test, and character observation sheets. The result shows that developed physics module has a good aspect of validity, good practicality, moderate effectiveness, and it is very good on training student’s character. It is concluded that physics module which is integrated to the local wisdom to train the character of sanggup bagawi gasan masyarakat is feasible to use on temperature and heat materials. This study is aimed to describe the feasibility of a local wisdom-integrated physics module to grow the character of sanggup bagawi gasan masyarakat, that viewed from the aspect of validity, practicality, effectiveness, and the achievement of student ’s character. This module is integrated to the production of brown sugar in Balangan Regency, as a local activity that related to heat and temperature material s . This research is a research development with ADDIE design. The subjects of this research were 27 students of class X in one of the high schools in Balangan. The research instruments were validation sheets, student response questionnaires, learning achievement test, and character observation sheets. The result shows that physics module has a good aspect of validity, good practicality, moderate effectiveness, and it is very good on training student ’s character. P hysics module which is integrated to the local wisdom to grow the character of sanggup bagawi gasan masyarakat is feasible to use on heat and temperature material s . Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family:Times New Roman;}

Prevalence and risk factors of bacterial vaginosis among female sex workers in Surakarta

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection in women of reproductive age and increases the risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Data regarding the association between sexual activity and BV acquisition is contradictory. Thus, tracking the prevalence and associated risk factors of BV among female sex workers (FSWs) is necessary to improve our understanding and control of STDs and the HIV epidemic. Methods: The subjects of this study were FSWs in Surakarta. This study adopted a cross-sectional design, and diagnosis was established using Amsel criteria. Interviews were conducted using questionnaires to collect data of risk factors, including demographic factors (age, education level, daily income, marital status, location of sex), sociologic factors (age of first intercourse; age of first FSW encounter; duration of work as an FSW; number of clients/day; condom, contraceptive, and vaginal douching use; violence experienced as an FSW; smoking habits; alcohol consumption; and drug use), and knowledge factors (knowledge of STDs and HIV). Statistical analysis was performed by using bivariate analysis. Results: We interviewed 175 FSWs with an average age of 40.66 years. BV was detected in 28 subjects (16%). Risk factors associated with BV include alcohol (p = 0.022) and drug use (p = 0.022). Conclusion: Other than routine screening for STDs and HIV, FSWs should be encouraged to participate in prevention programs aiming to regulate alcohol and drug use to decrease the incidence of BV infection. Keywords: bacterial vaginosis, female sex workers, risk factors Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE

“APLIKASI ANDROID (SCAN EVENTKU) UNTUK MENDUKUNG PEMBELAJARAN REGISTRASI EVENT”

Technological developments have changed human behavior, including the behavior of junior high school students. Now generally junior high school students are already very active in using mobile phones, including using this Android Behavior, making the idea of students of the University of Bunda Mulia, major Information System to development interactive learning media based on Android, which are considered not boring, and more effective for improving student quality. In designing the media a set of Android applications was created called Scan Evenku to Support Learning Event Registration. Learning media which are the work of students are software that can be installed on mobile phones, like interesting games. The application has been tested by RPTRA Darma Suci Penjaringan, North Jakarta. From the results that have been tested, the application was warmly welcomed and the students seemed enthusiastic to use it. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Times New Roman; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:IN;} Technological developments have changed human behavior, including the behavior of junior high school students. Now generally junior high school students are already very active in using mobile phones, including using this Android Behavior, making the idea of students of the University of Bunda Mulia, major Information System to development interactive learning media based on Android, which are considered not boring, and more effective for improving student quality. In designing the media a set of Android applications was created called Scan Evenku to Support Learning Event Registration. Learning media which are the work of students are software that can be installed on mobile phones, like interesting games. The application has been tested by RPTRA Darma Suci Penjaringan, North Jakarta. From the results that have been tested, the application was warmly welcomed and the students seemed enthusiastic to use it. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE <w:LsdException Locked=false Priority=48 Name=Grid Table 3 Acce

Pengaruh Belis Dalam Masyarakat Sumba

Belis is an obligation that must be completed by man when he wants to propose Sumba’s woman. Belis was identical by the surrender of the mating assets brought while the proposal processed. Belis consist of mamuli, katana, and a number animals such as horses and buffaloes. Determination of the number of belis that must be prepared by the man to propose depends of negotiating or agreement, the social status, and marriage of the girl’s mother. If the handover be accepted, the woman must also prepare and carry a bola ngandi containing woven cloth, muti salak, ivory as a form of reply from the belis that will be given to the man . The values of the Belis and the Bola ngandi must be balanced so don’t causing humiliations to both families. Belis can have a psychological impact on the lives of individuals and their families. This impact can be seen in self esteem and self efficacy. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;}

Pengaruh Financial literacy Terhadap Preferensi Masyarakat Kabupaten Tanah Datar Memilih Produk-Produk Pendanaan Pada Perbankan Syariah

The purpose of this study investigates whether fina n cial literacy affects the preferences of choosing the funding product at Islamic Banks. The research method used is a quantutative method that uses a sample of 385 customers of Islamic banks in Tanah Datar district, under condition 2018, this study reveals that financial literacy is positively associated with the preferences of choosing funding products. This finding offer the empirical evidence of the importance on the relationship of financial literacy to the preferences of choosing the funding product. It indicates that the financial literacy is a important point in Islamic banks thay will make people s turn to Islamic banks . Furthermore, this research recommends strategy of increasing market share of Islamic Bank by increasing public’s finance literacy. 144 Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}

Water And Land Productivity of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Cultivation on Floating Pot in Wetland

The objective of this study was to determine the values of water productivity and land productivity at the floating pot on wetland and to find out whether the floating pots were optimal or not for agriculture in wetlands. The planting media used were mineral soil, and peat soil consisting of 0%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 100% each of which had hydraulic conductivity values respectively except the 100% was 36.07 cm/hour, 38.33 cm/hour, 51.23 cm/hour and 69.60 cm/hour. The water delivery used was legacy cloth which had hydraulic conductivity value was 158.4 cm/hour. The floating pots were applied to the experiment tank in the greenhouse. The decrease in water level in the experimental pool was total evapotranspiration for all plants in five types of planting media. Water level reduction during the 41-days planting period was 40.56 mm with a total water volume was 0.081 m 3 . The productivity values of land and water in the 0%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 100% peat planting media, respectively were 1.29, 1.25, 1.06, 0.8 dan 0 kg/m 2 dan 1.63, 1.63, 1.38, 1.04 dan 0 kg/m 3 . The objective of this study was to determine the values of water productivity and land productivity at the floating pot on wetland and to find out whether the floating pots were optimal or not for agriculture in wetlands . The planting media used were mineral soil, and peat soil consisting of 0%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 100% each of which had hydraulic conductivity values respectively except the 100% was 36.07 cm/hour, 38.33 cm/hour, 51.23 cm/hour and 69.60 cm/hour. The water delivery used was legacy cloth which had hydraulic conductivity value was 158.4 cm/hour. The floating pots were applied to the experiment tank in the greenhouse. The decrease in water level in the experimental pool was total evapotranspiration for all plants in five types of planting media. Water level reduction during the 41-days planting period was 40.56 mm with a total water volume was 0.081 m 3 . The productivity values of land and water in the 0%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 100% peat planting media, respectively were 1.29, 1.25, 1.06, 0.8 dan 0 kg/m 2 dan 1.63, 1.63, 1.38, 1.04 dan 0 kg/m 3 . Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}

Politik Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia Tentang Kebebasan Beragama Pasca Orde Baru

This research aims to uncoven and describe: first, the policy of state regulation in order to fulfil the right to religious freedom. Second, the concrete actions of state in taking legal steps against violations of religious freedom. This research utilizes a normative juridical method where data is collected from documents. The outcome of this research concludes that: first, Political Human Rights on the freedom of religion in Indonesia following the new order at the level of fulfilment in the form of legislation is relatively more advance and protective. Second, the strengthening of Political Human Rights at the regulatory level is not followed by changes in the legislation below it such as PNPS Law No.1 of 1965 and Article 156(a) of the Indonesian Criminal Code regarding blasphemy. Therefore, it can be concluded that Political Human Rights in Indonesia, particularly relating to the freedom of religion is a paradox. On one side it supports the products of laws and regulation which further strengthen the rights to the freedom of religion and beliefs, but on the other hand, realistically, the State actually fails to protect various forms of violations of the right to the freedom of religion and beliefs. This research aims to uncoven and describe: first, the policy of state regulation in order to fulfil the right to religious freedom. Second, the concrete actions of state in taking legal steps against violations of religious freedom. This research utilizes a normative juridical method where data is collected from documents. The outcome of this research concludes that : first, Political Human Rights on the freedom of religion in Indonesia following the new order at the level of fulfilment in the form of legislation is relatively more advance and protective. Second, the strengthening of Political Human Rights at the regulatory level is not followed by changes in the legislation below it such as PNPS Law No.1 of 1965 and Article 156(a) of the Indonesian Criminal Code regarding blasphemy. Therefore, it can be concluded that Political Human Rights in Indonesia, particularly relating to the freedom of religion is a paradox. On one side it supports the products of laws and regulation which further strengthen the rights to the freedom of religion and beliefs, but on the other hand, realistically, the State actually fails to protect various forms of violations of the right to the freedom of religion and beliefs. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}

The effect of face washing frequency on acne vulgaris patients

Background: Patients with acne often wash their faces twice a day, but there are not many studies supporting this practice. Methods: A single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in 38 subjects, divided into three groups based on face washing frequency (once, twice, and thrice a day). All groups used the same cleanser. The acne vulgaris severity and the number of lesions were assessed prior to study. After eight weeks, we re-assessed the acne severity, the number of lesions, the adverse event and patient’s self-evaluation. SPSS 17 was used to analyze the face washing frequency and the number of acne lesions. Results: Reduction in the average number of acne lesions was found in once and twice face washing groups, while the thrice group had increased number of acne lesions. The frequency of face washing with the number of lesions provided significant result in group 1, but it only reduced the number of comedones ( p value = 0.041). Conclusion: Acne patients with only comedones lesions can be advised to wash their faces once a day. Keywords: acne vulgaris, face washing, frequency Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE

Surface Chemical Structure and Morphological Analysis of Fallen Teak Leaves (Tectona grandis) Powder for Methylene Blue Adsorption

In recent year, the research focus has been shifted toward developing of an environmentally friendly system to eliminate any pollutants from Waste. The potential of fallen teak leaves powder for removal of methylene blue has been succesfully carried out by batch adsorption system. The purpose of this study is to characterize an adsorbent obtained from local fallen teak leaves. The characterization focused on the surface of chemical structure analysis obtained from Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and morphological analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in order to get an idea fuctional group as active site and textural properties. The FTIR results have explaned the presence of some functional groups such as –OH, C=C, COO – , CO, NO 2 on FTLP surface that could be potential adsorption sites for interaction with MB molecules. The SEM photographs morphology of FTLP surface has a rough surface with almost more non-uniform. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family:Times New Roman;}

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET (PIL) DAN SMS MOTIVASI TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN KEPATUHAN PASIEN DM DENGAN DISLIPIDEMIA

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET (PIL) DAN SMS MOTIVASI TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN KEPATUHAN PASIEN DM DENGAN DISLIPIDEMIA

Aktivitas Antidiabetika Kombinasi Fraksi Etil Asetat Buah Pare (Momordica charantia L.) dan Rimpang

Diabetes Mellitus type 2 can be caused by the resistance of tissue towards insulin accompanied by relative deficiency in insulin secretion. Insulin resistance factor can result from obesity. This research aims to investigate anti- diabetic activity of the compound of FEA of curcuma (Curcuma domestica Val) and bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.). Subjects of this research were 40 albino Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged 5-8 weeks. The rats were randomly grouped into 8 experimental groups in which each group consisted of'5 rats. The tested animals were divided into 6 groups, KG) metformin 45 mg/Kg BB, P1: FEA curcuma 10 mg/ 200g BB, P2: FEA bitter melon 04 mg/ 200g BB, P3: Compound of FEA curcuma : FEA bitter melon 5 : 0,8 mg/200g BB, P4: Compound of FEA curcuma : FEA bitter melon 10 : 04 mg/200g BB, and P5: Compound of FEA curcuma : FEA bitter melon (20 : 02mg9/200g BB). The animals were inducted with insulin resistance with the giving of HFD-fructose. Result showed that the compound of FEA of curcuma (Curcuma domestica Val) and FEA of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) had the activity of lowering blood glucose level: the best anti-diabetic activity was identified in the compound of FEA of curcuma and FEA of bitter melon at the dose of 20: 0,2m9g/200g BB in the rats with HFD- fructose. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Cambria,serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Times New Roman; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} Diabetes Mellitus type 2 can be caused by the resistance of tissue towards insulin accompanied by relative deficiency in insulin secretion. Insulin resistance factor can result from obesity. This research aims to investigate anti- diabetic activity of the compound of FEA of curcuma (Curcuma domestica Val) and bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.). Subjects of this research were 40 albino Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged 5-8 weeks. The rats were randomly grouped into 8 experimental groups in which each group consisted of'5 rats. The tested animals were divided into 6 groups, KG) metformin 45 mg/Kg BB, P1: FEA curcuma 10 mg/ 200g BB, P2: FEA bitter melon 04 mg/ 200g BB, P3: Compound of FEA curcuma : FEA bitter melon 5 : 0,8 mg/200g BB, P4: Compound of FEA curcuma : FEA bitter melon 10 : 04 mg/200g BB, and P5: Compound of FEA curcuma : FEA bitter melon (20 : 02mg9/200g BB). The animals were inducted with insulin resistance with the giving of HFD-fructose. Result showed that the compound of FEA of curcuma (Curcuma domestica Val) and FEA of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) had the activity of lowering blood glucose level: the best anti-diabetic activity was identified in the compound of FEA of curcuma and FEA of bitter melon at the dose of 20: 0,2m9g/200g BB in the rats with HFD- fructose. Diabetes Mellitus type 2 can be caused by the resistance of tissue towards insulin accompanied by relative deficiency in insulin secretion. Insulin resistance factor can result from obesity. This research aims to investigate anti- diabetic activity of the compound of FEA of curcuma (Curcuma domestica Val) and bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.). Subjects of this research were 40 albino Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged 5-8 weeks. The rats were randomly grouped into 8 experimental groups in which each group consisted of'5 rats. The tested animals were divided into 6 groups, KG) metformin 45 mg/Kg BB, P1: FEA curcuma 10 mg/ 200g BB, P2: FEA bitter melon 04 mg/ 200g BB, P3: Compound of FEA curcuma : FEA bitter melon 5 : 0,8 mg/200g BB, P4: Compound of FEA curcuma : FEA bitter melon 10 : 04 mg/200g BB, and P5: Compound of FEA curcuma : FEA bitter melon (20 : 02mg9/200g BB). The animals were inducted with insulin resistance with the giving of HFD-fructose. Result showed that the compound of FEA of curcuma (Curcuma domestica Val) and FEA of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) had the activity of lowering blood glucose level: the best anti-diabetic activity was identified in the compound of FEA of curcuma and FEA of bitter melon at the dose of 20: 0,2m9g/200g BB in the rats with HFD- fructose. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Cambria,serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Times New Roman; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE

Analisis Selektivitas Senyawa Turunan Diosmetin Sebagai Antioksidan Baru dengan menggunakan Metode MolecularDocking

Free radicals are compounds that have nofree electron pair, so it ws unstable and too reactive, to be able to ward off free radicals, required an antioxidant. Antioxidant can prevent the occurrence of oxidative reactions that can cause various diseases. The commonly used antioxidant compounds are vitamin C, vitamin E, and flavonoids. One of flavonoid compound that have the potential to be developed into antioxidants is diosmetin. The results of the study using the QSAR method, state that some of diosmetin derived compounds have better antioxidant activity than diosmetin. In this research, the selectivity of diosmetin derived compounds in several enzymes as an antioxidant was tested by using molecular docking methods. Software used for molecular docking were PLANTS, YASARA, MarvinSketch. This study used 15 diosmetin derived compounds, diosmetin as a parent compound, and comparison compounds used were vitamin C, vitamin E, and quercetin. Validated target proteins are 7 (seven) receptors with PDB codes 1QQW, 1V4S, 1XAN, 2BEL, 2C9V, 4K7O, and 5M2F. The results of this study have obtained the best selective compounds to receptors and compounds in each receptor. The best compounds are 6,8-difluoro diosmetin (1QQW), 8-amine diosmetin (1V4S), 6.8-difluoro diosmetin (1XAN), 6.8-diamine diosmetin (2BEL), 5'-amine diosmetin ( 2C9V), 5'-amine diosmetin (4K7O), and 8-amine diosmetin (5M2F). Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Times New Roman; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} Free radicals are compounds that have nofree electron pair, so it ws unstable and too reactive, to be able to ward off free radicals, required an antioxidant. Antioxidant can prevent the occurrence of oxidative reactions that can cause various diseases. The commonly used antioxidant compounds are vitamin C, vitamin E, and flavonoids. One of flavonoid compound that have the potential to be developed into antioxidants is diosmetin. The results of the study using the QSAR method, state that some of diosmetin derived compounds have better antioxidant activity than diosmetin. In this research, the selectivity of diosmetin derived compounds in several enzymes as an antioxidant was tested by using molecular docking methods. Software used for molecular docking were PLANTS, YASARA, MarvinSketch. This study used 15 diosmetin derived compounds, diosmetin as a parent compound, and comparison compounds used were vitamin C, vitamin E, and quercetin. Validated target proteins are 7 (seven) receptors with PDB codes 1QQW, 1V4S, 1XAN, 2BEL, 2C9V, 4K7O, and 5M2F. The results of this study have obtained the best selective compounds to receptors and compounds in each receptor. The best compounds are 6,8-difluoro diosmetin (1QQW), 8-amine diosmetin (1V4S), 6.8-difluoro diosmetin (1XAN), 6.8-diamine diosmetin (2BEL), 5'-amine diosmetin ( 2C9V), 5'-amine diosmetin (4K7O), and 8-amine diosmetin (5M2F). Free radicals are compounds that have nofree electron pair, so it ws unstable and too reactive, to be able to ward off free radicals, required an antioxidant. Antioxidant can prevent the occurrence of oxidative reactions that can cause various diseases. The commonly used antioxidant compounds are vitamin C, vitamin E, and flavonoids. One of flavonoid compound that have the potential to be developed into antioxidants is diosmetin. The results of the study using the QSAR method, state that some of diosmetin derived compounds have better antioxidant activity than diosmetin. In this research, the selectivity of diosmetin derived compounds in several enzymes as an antioxidant was tested by using molecular docking methods. Software used for molecular docking were PLANTS, YASARA, MarvinSketch. This study used 15 diosmetin derived compounds, diosmetin as a parent compound, and comparison compounds used were vitamin C, vitamin E, and quercetin. Validated target proteins are 7 (seven) receptors with PDB codes 1QQW, 1V4S, 1XAN, 2BEL, 2C9V, 4K7O, and 5M2F. The results of this study have obtained the best selective compounds to receptors and compounds in each receptor. The best compounds are 6,8-difluoro diosmetin (1QQW), 8-amine diosmetin (1V4S), 6.8-difluoro diosmetin (1XAN), 6.8-diamine diosmetin (2BEL), 5'-amine diosmetin ( 2C9V), 5'-amine diosmetin (4K7O), and 8-amine diosmetin (5M2F). Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Times New Roman; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE

Evaluasi Aktivitas Anti-Bakteri dan Anti-Oksidan Ekstrak n-Heksan, Etil Asetat dan Metanol Daun Pohpohan (Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) Weda.)

ABSTRACT: Infection desease still a problem in developing country. The researcher search for the plant that have antibacterial agent to cure infection deseases. One the plant that the layman use to cured the infection deseases is Pohpohan (Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) Wedd) that containe flavonoids compunds. This study used n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract as non-polar, semi-polar, and polar. This study aims to test the antibacterial activity and also antioxidants by multilevel extraction methods. The method used is extraction, with maceration of each stratum, each extract is done by phytochemical screening test with result of flavonoid compound, tannin, and essential oil. Thereafter, an antimicrobial test with a Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli microorganisms using a solid dilution method (Diameter of Inhibition Diameter) was performed with an extract concentration of 12.519: 2519: 5046, chloramphenicol used as positive controls. The result of antimicrobial assay had activity on n-hexane extract to form inhibit zone of 24.6 - 25.4 mm, ethyl acetate extract formed inhibit zone of 16.8 - 25.1 mm, While methanol extract formed inhibit zone of 15.1 - 23.3 mm, then Pohpohan leaf extract from each solvent was tested antioxidant by DPPH method, Result of antioxidant test (1IC50) of n-hexane extract (113.60 bpj), ethyl acetate (9444 bpj), and methanol (73.14 bpj). In conclusion, it shows that Pohpohan leaf extract has activity as antibacterial, andantioxidant. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE ABSTRACT: Infection desease still a problem in developing country. The researcher search for the plant that have antibacterial agent to cure infection deseases. One the plant that the layman use to cured the infection deseases is Pohpohan (Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) Wedd) that containe flavonoids compunds. This study used n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract as non-polar, semi-polar, and polar. This study aims to test the antibacterial activity and also antioxidants by multilevel extraction methods. The method used is extraction, with maceration of each stratum, each extract is done by phytochemical screening test with result of flavonoid compound, tannin, and essential oil. Thereafter, an antimicrobial test with a Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli microorganisms using a solid dilution method (Diameter of Inhibition Diameter) was performed with an extract concentration of 12.519: 2519: 5046, chloramphenicol used as positive controls. The result of antimicrobial assay had activity on n-hexane extract to form inhibit zone of 24.6 - 25.4 mm, ethyl acetate extract formed inhibit zone of 16.8 - 25.1 mm, While methanol extract formed inhibit zone of 15.1 - 23.3 mm, then Pohpohan leaf extract from each solvent was tested antioxidant by DPPH method, Result of antioxidant test (1IC50) of n-hexane extract (113.60 bpj), ethyl acetate (9444 bpj), and methanol (73.14 bpj). In conclusion, it shows that Pohpohan leaf extract has activity as antibacterial, andantioxidant. ABSTRACT: Infection desease still a problem in developing country. The researcher search for the plant that have antibacterial agent to cure infection deseases. One the plant that the layman use to cured the infection deseases is Pohpohan (Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) Wedd) that containe flavonoids compunds. This study used n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract as non-polar, semi-polar, and polar. This study aims to test the antibacterial activity and also antioxidants by multilevel extraction methods. The method used is extraction, with maceration of each stratum, each extract is done by phytochemical screening test with result of flavonoid compound, tannin, and essential oil. Thereafter, an antimicrobial test with a Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli microorganisms using a solid dilution method (Diameter of Inhibition Diameter) was performed with an extract concentration of 12.519: 2519: 5046, chloramphenicol used as positive controls. The result of antimicrobial assay had activity on n-hexane extract to form inhibit zone of 24.6 - 25.4 mm, ethyl acetate extract formed inhibit zone of 16.8 - 25.1 mm, While methanol extract formed inhibit zone of 15.1 - 23.3 mm, then Pohpohan leaf extract from each solvent was tested antioxidant by DPPH method, Result of antioxidant test (1IC50) of n-hexane extract (113.60 bpj), ethyl acetate (9444 bpj), and methanol (73.14 bpj). In conclusion, it shows that Pohpohan leaf extract has activity as antibacterial, andantioxidant. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE

Formulasi Sediaan Tablet Kunyah Kompleks Inklusi Dimenhidrinat–β-Siklodekstrin dengan Metode Pengeringan Semprot (Chewable Tablet from Inclusion Complexes of Dimenhydrinate– β-Cyclodextrine using Spray Drying Method)

Taste becomes an important parameter in the delivery of a chewable tablet, primarily aimed for childrens. The purpose of this study is to mask the bitter taste and create dimenhydrinate chewable tabletas motion sickness drug that meet the physical and chemical quality. The method used to mask the bitter taste of dimenhydrinate is inclusion complexes with I²-cyclodextrin in spray drying. Inclusion complex powders evaluation included flowcity and water content, and characterized by infrared spectrophotometry and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry). Inclusion complex powders was made into chewable tablet with direct compression method. Chewable tablet was evaluated including tablets concentration (94.33-106,47%), the diversity of weights (85-115%), tablets diameter (1.013 cm), tablets thickness (0.49 cm), hardness (3.75-4.58 kg/cm 2) , friability (2,98-3,42%,). Dimenhydrinate chewable tablet taste test were statistically analyzed with non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis which results a significant differences of the bitter taste that masked among the five molar concentration differences of dimenhydrinate and I²-cyclodextrine. The higher molar ratio of I²-cyclodextrin (0,5-3) used, has the better result for masking the bitterness of dimenhydrinate. The used of I²-cyclodextrin with the ratio in five molar concentration differences can not optimally mask the bitter taste of dimenhydrinate. Chewable tablet of formula IV has met the best physical and chemical quality. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE Taste becomes an important parameter in the delivery of a chewable tablet, primarily aimed for childrens. The purpose of this study is to mask the bitter taste and create dimenhydrinate chewable tabletas motion sickness drug that meet the physical and chemical quality. The method used to mask the bitter taste of dimenhydrinate is inclusion complexes with I²-cyclodextrin in spray drying. Inclusion complex powders evaluation included flowcity and water content, and characterized by infrared spectrophotometry and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry). Inclusion complex powders was made into chewable tablet with direct compression method. Chewable tablet was evaluated including tablets concentration (94.33-106,47%), the diversity of weights (85-115%), tablets diameter (1.013 cm), tablets thickness (0.49 cm), hardness (3.75-4.58 kg/cm 2) , friability (2,98-3,42%,). Dimenhydrinate chewable tablet taste test were statistically analyzed with non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis which results a significant differences of the bitter taste that masked among the five molar concentration differences of dimenhydrinate and I²-cyclodextrine. The higher molar ratio of I²-cyclodextrin (0,5-3) used, has the better result for masking the bitterness of dimenhydrinate. The used of I²-cyclodextrin with the ratio in five molar concentration differences can not optimally mask the bitter taste of dimenhydrinate. Chewable tablet of formula IV has met the best physical and chemical quality. Taste becomes an important parameter in the delivery of a chewable tablet, primarily aimed for childrens. The purpose of this study is to mask the bitter taste and create dimenhydrinate chewable tabletas motion sickness drug that meet the physical and chemical quality. The method used to mask the bitter taste of dimenhydrinate is inclusion complexes with I²-cyclodextrin in spray drying. Inclusion complex powders evaluation included flowcity and water content, and characterized by infrared spectrophotometry and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry). Inclusion complex powders was made into chewable tablet with direct compression method. Chewable tablet was evaluated including tablets concentration (94.33-106,47%), the diversity of weights (85-115%), tablets diameter (1.013 cm), tablets thickness (0.49 cm), hardness (3.75-4.58 kg/cm 2) , friability (2,98-3,42%,). Dimenhydrinate chewable tablet taste test were statistically analyzed with non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis which results a significant differences of the bitter taste that masked among the five molar concentration differences of dimenhydrinate and I²-cyclodextrine. The higher molar ratio of I²-cyclodextrin (0,5-3) used, has the better result for masking the bitterness of dimenhydrinate. The used of I²-cyclodextrin with the ratio in five molar concentration differences can not optimally mask the bitter taste of dimenhydrinate. Chewable tablet of formula IV has met the best physical and chemical quality. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE

Polimorfisme Gen Sitokrom P450 2A6 Alel *1, *4, *7 dan *9 pada Subyek Uji Perokok Suku Thionghoa Indonesia

The CYP2A6 gene, encodes the CYP2A6 enzyme, has a highly polymorphism. These ezyme have played a role in nicotine metabolism, one of the active compounds in cigarettes that causes of cigarette dependence. The active form of the CYP2A6 gene allele is * 1 allele and some inactive forms of the CYP2A6 gene allele are * 4, * 7 and * 9 alleles. The inactive alleles would reduce the activity of the CYP2A6 enzyme. The genotypes of CY2A6 gene (CYP2A6* 1, * 4, * 7 and * 9) among Chinese Indonesian smokers were determined by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by electrophoresis method. The cigarette dependence was analyzed using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) method.This study showed that there are CYP2A6 polymorphism genes among 30 smokers who participate in these study. The frequencies of the genotypes of CYP2A6 alleles were CYP2A6 *1/*1 (46.7%), CYP2A6 *1/*4 (16.7%), CYP2A6 *1/*7 (3.3%), CYP2A6 *1/*9 ( 10%), CYP2A6 *1/*4/*7 (6.7%), CYP2A6 *1/*4/*9 (10.0%), CYP2A6 *1/*7/*9 (3.3% ) and CYP2A6 *4/*7/* 9 (3.3%). The presence of inactive alleles can reduce the activity of the CYP2A6 enzyme in metabolizing nicotine, which can reduce the effects of cigarette dependence. 1024x768 Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE The CYP2A6 gene, encodes the CYP2A6 enzyme, has a highly polymorphism. These ezyme have played a role in nicotine metabolism, one of the active compounds in cigarettes that causes of cigarette dependence. The active form of the CYP2A6 gene allele is * 1 allele and some inactive forms of the CYP2A6 gene allele are * 4, * 7 and * 9 alleles. The inactive alleles would reduce the activity of the CYP2A6 enzyme. The genotypes of CY2A6 gene (CYP2A6* 1, * 4, * 7 and * 9) among Chinese Indonesian smokers were determined by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by electrophoresis method. The cigarette dependence was analyzed using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) method.This study showed that there are CYP2A6 polymorphism genes among 30 smokers who participate in these study. The frequencies of the genotypes of CYP2A6 alleles were CYP2A6 *1/*1 (46.7%), CYP2A6 *1/*4 (16.7%), CYP2A6 *1/*7 (3.3%), CYP2A6 *1/*9 ( 10%), CYP2A6 *1/*4/*7 (6.7%), CYP2A6 *1/*4/*9 (10.0%), CYP2A6 *1/*7/*9 (3.3% ) and CYP2A6 *4/*7/* 9 (3.3%). The presence of inactive alleles can reduce the activity of the CYP2A6 enzyme in metabolizing nicotine, which can reduce the effects of cigarette dependence. The CYP2A6 gene, encodes the CYP2A6 enzyme, has a highly polymorphism. These ezyme have played a role in nicotine metabolism, one of the active compounds in cigarettes that causes of cigarette dependence. The active form of the CYP2A6 gene allele is * 1 allele and some inactive forms of the CYP2A6 gene allele are * 4, * 7 and * 9 alleles. The inactive alleles would reduce the activity of the CYP2A6 enzyme. The genotypes of CY2A6 gene (CYP2A6* 1, * 4, * 7 and * 9) among Chinese Indonesian smokers were determined by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by electrophoresis method. The cigarette dependence was analyzed using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) method.This study showed that there are CYP2A6 polymorphism genes among 30 smokers who participate in these study. The frequencies of the genotypes of CYP2A6 alleles were CYP2A6 *1/*1 (46.7%), CYP2A6 *1/*4 (16.7%), CYP2A6 *1/*7 (3.3%), CYP2A6 *1/*9 ( 10%), CYP2A6 *1/*4/*7 (6.7%), CYP2A6 *1/*4/*9 (10.0%), CYP2A6 *1/*7/*9 (3.3% ) and CYP2A6 *4/*7/* 9 (3.3%). The presence of inactive alleles can reduce the activity of the CYP2A6 enzyme in metabolizing nicotine, which can reduce the effects of cigarette dependence. 1024x768 Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE 1024x768 Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE

Analisis Senyawa L-arginine pada Bawang Putih Tunggal dan Black Garlic Tunggal Dengan Menggunakan Metode HPLC (High Performance Liguid Chromatography)

L-Arginine is a semi essential amino acid and has a function in arterial vascular relaxation and improves blood flow. Single-bulb black garlic was produced from ordinary single-bulb garlic clove by process from maillard browning at temperature at 700C and 95Y of humidity controlled room for a month. It is known that single-bulb black garlic has benefits as antidiabetes, uric acid, cholesterol, hypertension, endurance and others. This study aims to determine the content of L-Arginine compound on single-bulb garlic and single-bulb black garlic by using HPLC (High Performance Liguid Chromatography)method.The mobile phase used consists of buffer A and buffer B. Buffer A consists of Na-Acetate (pH 6.5), Na-EDTA, Methanol, and Tetrahidrofuran. While B buffer consists of Methanol and Water Pro Injection. Thermo Scientific Column ODS-2 Hyersil C18, flow rate 1 ml / min, using Flouresensi detector with 350 nm wavelength. Based on the results obtained L-Arginine compound contained in a single-bulb garlic of 2.504 while for single-bulb black garlic that is egual to 06704. The content of L-Arginine compounds in single garlic is greater than that of a single black garlic. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Cambria,serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Times New Roman; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} L-Arginine is a semi essential amino acid and has a function in arterial vascular relaxation and improves blood flow. Single-bulb black garlic was produced from ordinary single-bulb garlic clove by process from maillard browning at temperature at 700C and 95Y of humidity controlled room for a month. It is known that single-bulb black garlic has benefits as antidiabetes, uric acid, cholesterol, hypertension, endurance and others. This study aims to determine the content of L-Arginine compound on single-bulb garlic and single-bulb black garlic by using HPLC (High Performance Liguid Chromatography)method.The mobile phase used consists of buffer A and buffer B. Buffer A consists of Na-Acetate (pH 6.5), Na-EDTA, Methanol, and Tetrahidrofuran. While B buffer consists of Methanol and Water Pro Injection. Thermo Scientific Column ODS-2 Hyersil C18, flow rate 1 ml / min, using Flouresensi detector with 350 nm wavelength. Based on the results obtained L-Arginine compound contained in a single-bulb garlic of 2.504 while for single-bulb black garlic that is egual to 06704. The content of L-Arginine compounds in single garlic is greater than that of a single black garlic. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE