In-text Citations Research Articles

A Case Study Using ProQuest RefWorks: An entry point for addressing information literacy.

An interdisciplinary team of university faculty members collaborated to develop an intervention to address a deficiency in student information literacy skills. The team developed video modules that instruct users how to create, use and maintain a ProQuest RefWorks account; a citation management software (CMS) tool that is compatible with Google Docs word processing. The research team collected YouTube and ProQuest RefWorks analytics as well as pre/post survey data from university students who participated in a pilot using the video modules. Results indicate that the modules impacted student information literacy skills; specifically, in-text citation and referencing. Based on the results, we also describe next steps for this research.

Retraction: Big Data Analytics in E-Commerce User Interest Patterns (J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1228 012052)

This article has been retracted by IOP Publishing following an allegation that this article may contain tortured phrases [1]. IOP Publishing has investigated in line with the COPE guidelines and have found tortured phrases to be masking overlap of other work [2]. The work also contains a number of in-text citations that are not referenced within the bibliography section of the paper. IOP Publishing has invited the authors to engage in a discussion regarding these issues but had no response to date. Due to the issues identified and the lack of response from the authors, the journal has lost confidence in the validity of the findings presented and agree this article should be retracted. IOP Publishing wishes to credit PubPeer commenters [3] and the Problematic Paper Screener for bringing the issue to our attention. [1] Cabanac G, Labbe C, Magazinov A, 2021, arXiv:2107.06751v1 [2] M. Volk, A. E. Shareef, N. Jamous and K. Turowski, "New E-Commerce User Interest Patterns," 2017 IEEE International Congress on Big Data (BigData Congress), 2017, pp. 406-413 [3] https://pubpeer.com/publications/DA6C3410BE910729B78EDADA0659B8 Retraction published: 31 August 2022

Correction to: Exposing the probabilistic causal structure of discrimination

In the original publication of the paper, the in-text citation for reference 33 was published in the incorrect place. The citation currently appears in the following sentence: “Based on a detailed empirical analysis of Kleinberg [33] and her coauthors ….”

Recombinant Ostreolysin Induces Brown Fat-Like Phenotype in HIB-1B Cells.

Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2017, 61, 1700057, https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201700057 In the initially published manuscript, the reference list and in-text citations were incorrectly reported from [18] to [33]. The corrected reference list is as follows:

Correction: Microtubule reorientation in the blue spotlight: Cutting and CLASPing at dynamic hot spots.

Vol. 218, No. 1, January 7, 2019. [10.1083/jcb.201812063][1]. Following publication, the JCB staff noted errors in the in-text citations and order of papers in the reference list that were introduced during production of the article. The authors were alerted of these inaccuracies and we apologize

Correction: Going the distance: Neocentromeres make long-range contacts with heterochromatin.

Vol. 218, No. 1, January 7, 2019. [10.1083/jcb.201811172][1]. Following publication, the JCB staff noted errors in the in-text citations and order of papers in the reference list that were introduced during production of the article. The authors were alerted of these inaccuracies and we apologize

CRIS with in-text citations as interactive entities

The paper presents an integration of the citation data produced by the CyrCitEc project with CRIS Socionet tools. Socionet provides collections of research papers’ metadata. CyrCitEc parses the citation data from research papers’ PDF, including in-text citations and citation contexts. Socionet utilizes the citation data to build computer-generated annotations for the in-text citations in full text PDFs. This integration allows making in-text citation as interactive elements and opens an opportunity to create a communication instrument between citing and cited authors.

SwICS: Section-Wise In-Text Citation Score

Since past several years, finding relevant documents from plethora of web repositories has become prime attention of the scientific community. To find out relevant research articles, state-of-the-art techniques employ content, metadata, citations, and collaborative filtering based approaches. Among all of them, citation based approaches hold strong potential because most of the time, authors cite relevant papers. Bibliographic coupling is one of the well-known citation based approaches for recommending relevant papers. In this paper, we present an approach SwICS that harnesses number of common references between pair of documents as similarity measure whereas the distribution of in-text citations within the text are not analyzed. The proposed approach explores the in-text citation frequencies within contents of the paper and in-text citation patterns between different logical sections for bibliographically coupled papers. For evaluation, the employed data set contains 1150 research documents are obtained from a well-known autonomous citation index known as: CiteSeer. A comprehensive user study is conducted to build a gold standard for comparing the proposed approach. The approach is compared with the state-of-the-art bibliographic coupling and content similarity based techniques. The comparison results revealed that proposed approach significantly performs better than the contemporary approaches. The comparison result with gold standard yielded an average of 0.73. The average gain achieved by the proposed approach is 60% from state-of-the-art: bibliographic coupling. Whereas, the correlation between gold standard and content based approach remains 20%. The proposed approach can play a significant role for search engines and citation indexers in terms of improving the quality of their results.

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Cue-Words based Features and In-text Citations based Features for Citation Classification

Citation plays a vital role in the scientific community of evaluating the contributions of scientific authors. Citing sources delivers a measurable way of evaluating the impact factor of journals and authors and allows for the recognition of new research issues. Different techniques for classifying citations have been proposed. Citations that provide background knowledge in the citing document have been classified as non-important or incidental by previous researchers. Citations that extend previous work in the citing document are classified as important. The accuracy achieved by existing citation models is not much higher. Better features need to be included for accurate predictions. A hybrid approach would present all possible combinations of cue-words and in-text citation-based features for citation classifications.

Diffuse Lewy body disease manifesting as corticobasal syndrome: A rare form of Lewy body disease.

In the article “Diffuse Lewy body disease manifesting as corticobasal syndrome: A rare form of Lewy body disease” by Kasanuki et al.,1 there were errors in figure 1 of the ahead-of-print version published online on June 13, 2018. The title for figure 1 should have read “Quantitative neuropathologic methods” rather than “Digital quantification of α-synuclein and tau burden in the motor cortex,” as originally published. The corrected figure includes new panel labels, A.a and A.b, and the corrected caption now includes “(A.a) α-Synuclein immunohistochemistry (left) and digital pathology mask (right); (A.b) Phospho-tau immunohistochemistry (left) and digital pathology mask (right). For digital pathology, red indicates positive signal.” In addition, the in-text citation on page e274 should have cited figure 1B rather than figure 1C. The final version of the article with all corrections was published online on July 17, 2018. The authors regret the errors.

How video articles are cited, the case of JoVE: Journal of Visualized Experiments

Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE) is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes video articles. In order to find out about the impact of video articles and how they are used in other journal articles, a random sample of 500 articles that cited at least one JoVE article was drawn and citation content analysis was conducted to find out about reasons for citation, frequency of citation mentions, location of citation and any relation between in-text citation characteristics and times cited. The results showed that JoVE articles are mostly cited for methodological reasons (72.4%) and in method sections of articles (53.2%). The context of 44.1% of citation mentions included phrases such as ‘as previously described’. More than a third (38.8%) of citations to JoVE articles were self-citations. JoVE articles that were self-cited were more likely to have a larger number of citation mentions, be cited for different reasons and in different sections of citing articles. They were also more likely to have more authors. The majority of the articles (75.6%) were mentioned only once in the citing articles. The median impact factor (MIF) of the journals of citing articles was higher than MIF of any Web of Science subject category, indicating that the citing articles were mostly from journals with relatively high impact factors. Overall, JoVE articles play an important role in transparency and transfer of methodologies and processes in research.

Order matters: Alphabetizing in-text citations biases citation rates.

Though citations are critical for communicating science and evaluating scholarly success, properties unrelated to the quality of the work-such as cognitive biases-can influence citation decisions. The primacy effect, in particular, is relevant to lists, which for in-text citations could result in citations earlier in the list receiving more attention than those later in the list. Therefore, how citations are ordered could influence which citations receive the most attention. Using a sample of 150,000 articles, we tested whether alphabetizing in-text citations biases readers into citing more often articles with first authors whose surnames begin with letters early in the alphabet. We found that surnames earlier in the alphabet were cited more often than those later in the alphabet when journals ordered citations alphabetically compared with chronologically or numerically. This effect seemed to be stronger in psychology journals (which have a culture of alphabetizing citations) compared with biology or geoscience journals (which primarily order chronologically or numerically) and was strongest among moderately and highly cited articles. Therefore, alphabetizing in-text citations biases citation decisions toward authors with surnames occurring early in the alphabet. These citation decisions result from an interaction between cognitive biases (more attention devoted to items earlier in a list) and the structure of the citation environment (the style in which citations are ordered). We suggest that journals using alphabetically ordered citations switch to chronological ordering to minimize this arbitrary alphabetical citation bias.

CAD: an algorithm for citation-anchors detection in research papers

Citations are very important parameters and are used to take many important decisions like ranking of researchers, institutions, countries, and to measure the relationship between research papers. All of these require accurate counting of citations and their occurrence (in-text citation counts) within the citing papers. Citation anchors refer to the citation made within the full text of the citing paper for example: ‘[1]’, ‘(Afzal et al, 2015)’, ‘[Afzal, 2015]’ etc. Identification of citation-anchors from the plain-text is a very challenging task due to the various styles and formats of citations. Recently, Shahid et al. highlighted some of the problems such as commonality in content, wrong allotment, mathematical ambiguities, and string variations etc in automatically identifying the in-text citation frequencies. The paper proposes an algorithm, CAD, for identification of citation-anchors and its in-text citation frequency based on different rules. For a comprehensive analysis, the dataset of research papers is prepared: on both Journal of Universal Computer Science (J.UCS) and (2) CiteSeer digital libraries. In experimental study, we conducted two experiments. In the first experiment, the proposed approach is compared with state-of-the-art technique over both datasets. The J.UCS dataset consists of 1200 research papers with 16,000 citation strings or references while the CiteSeer dataset consists of 52 research papers with 1850 references. The total dataset size becomes 1252 citing documents and 17,850 references. The experiments showed that CAD algorithm improved F-score by 44% and 37% respectively on both J.UCS and CiteSeer dataset over the contemporary technique (Shahid et al. in Int J Arab Inf Technol 12:481–488, 2014). The average score is 41% on both datasets. In the second experiment, the proposed approach is further analyzed against the existing state-of-the-art tools: CERMINE and GROBID. According to our results, the proposed approach is best performing with F1 of 0.99, followed by GROBID (F1 0.89) and CERMINE (F1 0.82).

Learning, teaching and writing with reference managers.

Reference managers, also known as citation managers, were designed to create bibliographic citations but have evolved into powerful tools for education. In addition to their core competency of easily managing in-text citations and automatically generating a list of works cited, modern reference managers can help researchers manage increasingly large libraries of portable document format (PDF) files, web pages and other documents. Users can annotate, store, organize, tag and search PDFs. These programs fetch useful associated metadata such as publication information, author lists and article abstracts. Additionally, the programs create a searchable index that can include the article abstract and often the complete text of many articles' PDFs. Modern reference managers allow for rapid creation, organization and classification of a curated collection of reference articles that can be made available anywhere, including on mobile devices. In this article the author describes how pediatric radiologists can use reference managers to facilitate learning, teaching and writing.

MENDELEY: A free reference management software

Referencing is a systematic way of acknowledging the source of information and enabling the readers to trace the ingenuity of the citation in any kind of written documentation. It is indispensable for any kind of scientific writings for publication purpose in journals or newsletters and presentation purpose in conferences or seminars. Budding researchers often face difficulties in managing their-text citations and corresponding references. It’s not saying that modifying the citation and referencing styles manually for a particulars journal is a frustrating and annoying job, after being rejected by another journal on the previous occasion. Moreover, it became a nightmare to a post-graduate trainee/research scholar to arrange hundreds of in-text citations and corresponding references, when guide or supervisor asked to modify the manuscript with necessary addition or deletions, just before submitting the thesis or dissertation. The simplest way to deal with all those problems is to use a reference management software.

Erratum: Microstructure and Dynamic Properties of Aggrecan Assemblies – ERRATUM

During the editing of Horkay et al.,1 the reference numbers were erroneously removed from the reference. The reference list has been updated according to journal style, and the in-text citations are now correctly formatted to refer to the reference list.

Erratum

Asian Journal of Social PsychologyVolume 21, Issue 1-2 p. 114-114 ErratumFree Access Erratum This article corrects the following: Intellectual intuition and Kant's epistemology Kwang-Kuo Hwang, Volume 20Issue 2Asian Journal of Social Psychology pages: 150-154 First Published online: July 18, 2017 First published: 15 May 2018 https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12327AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat In 1, the reference below should be included in the reference list. Hwang, K. K. (2016). From cultural rehabilitation to cultural renaissance: Through the education of indigenous social science. In Chinese Education Models in a Global Age (pp. 87–101). Springer, Singapore. Its in-text citation should be on page 150, in the first paragraph under “Philosophy of science”. The statement should read as below: As I have written in Hwang (2016), in order to help young Chinese scholars understand the progress of the Western philosophy of science, I spent more than 10 years writing The logics of social science (Hwang, 2001/2013), which addresses different perspectives on crucial issues of ontology, epistemology and methodology proposed by 18 notable Western philosophers in the 20th century. Reference 1Hwang, K-K. (2017). Intellectual intuition and Kant's epistemology. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 20, 150– 154. Volume21, Issue1-2March‐June 2018Pages 114-114 ReferencesRelatedInformation

An analysis of citation functions in the humanities and social sciences research from the perspective of problematic citation analysis assumptions

Citation analyses are based on two questionable assumptions that significantly influence the value of citation count: the equal contribution assumption (i.e., each citation contributes equally to the citing paper) and the positive endorsement assumption (i.e., each citation is viewed as an endorsement from the citing paper to the cited work). This study employed a citation context analysis approach to examine the distributions of essential versus perfunctory citations as well as confirmative versus negational citations in humanities and social sciences (HS sociology, economics, and psychology (i.e., the social sciences subjects). Excluding citations to primary sources—e.g., manuscripts, archival materials, monographs that were the subjects of study rather than information sources, a total of 25,617 in-text bibliographic citations were analyzed. The findings show that the distributions of citation functions for those six subject fields were all significantly different, meaning that disciplinary differences exist in H&SS citations. Also, for the H&SS fields, perfunctory citations may have inflated the contribution of the cited works much more than negational citations.

Erratum.

Journal of DiabetesVolume 10, Issue 5 p. 423-423 ErratumFree Access Erratum This article corrects the following: Comparison of insulin lispro mix 25 with insulin lispro mix 50 as insulin starter in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (CLASSIFY study): Subgroup analysis of a Phase 4 open-label randomized trial Qing Su, Chao Liu, Hongting Zheng, Jun Zhu, Peng Fei Li, Lei Qian, Wen Ying Yang, Volume 9Issue 6Journal of Diabetes pages: 575-585 First Published online: September 26, 2016 First published: 06 April 2018 https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.12656AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat In 1, the data under the fifth column ‘LS mean change from baseline (95% CI)’, 1st and 2nd entries of row ‘HbA1c (%)’ of Table 3 were published incorrectly. The corrected Table 3 is shown below. Table 3. Change from baseline at Week 26 for primary (HbA1c) and secondary (fasting blood glucose, 1,5-anhydroglucitol) efficacy measures Treatment (n) Baseline Endpoint LS mean change from baseline (95% CI) Difference (95% CI) in LS mean change from baseline P-value HbA1c (%) LM25 (72) 8.6±1.1 7.1±0.8 -1.55 (-1.73, -1.36) 0.48 (0.22, 0.74) <0.001 LM50 (69) 8.5±1.1 6.5±0.6 -2.03 (-2.21, -1.84) FBG (mmol/L) LM25 (80) 9.6±2.3 7.2±1.6 -2.50 (-2.89, -2.11) -0.38 (-0.94, -0.18) 0.180 LM50 (76) 9.7±2.3 7.6±1.8 -2.12 (-2.53, -1.72) 1,5-AG (μg/mL) LM25 (80) 5.16±4.43 10.24±8.30 5.03 (3.49, 6.57) -2.72 (-4.92, -0.52) 0.016 LM50 (76) 5.75±5.60 12.99±6.56 7.75 (6.16, 9.34) Unless indicated otherwise, data are given as the mean ± SD. 1,5-AG, 1,5-anhydroglucitol; CI, confidence interval; FBG, fasting blood glucose; LM25, insulin lispro mix 25; LM50, insulin lispro mix 50; LS, least squares; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus. The corresponding in-text citation on page 578-579 has been corrected and the statement should read as follows: “The decrease from baseline in mean HbA1c levels was significantly higher in the LM50 treatment group (LS mean change –2.03 %; 95 % CI -2.21, -1.84; P< 0.001) than in the LM25 treatment group (LS mean change -1.55%; 95 % CI -1.73, -1.36) at Week 26 (Table 3).” The authors apologize for this error and regret any inconvenience it may have caused. Reference 1Su Q, Liu C, Zheng H et al. Comparison of insulin lispro mix 25 with insulin lispro mix 50 as insulin starter in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (CLASSIFY study): Subgroup analysis of a Phase 4 open-label randomized trial. Journal of Diabetes. 2016; 9: 575– 585. Volume10, Issue5May 2018Pages 423-423 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Erratum.

Karimi MT. The Evaluation of Foot Rockers on the Kinematic Parameters of Individuals With Diabetes [published online ahead of print October 4, 2017]. Foot Ankle Surg. 2017. doi: 10.1177/1938640017729500 The above article was published OnlineFirst with the following errors which have now been corrected. On the first page, the author's details were incorrect. The correct details should read as below. Author Name - Mohammad Taghi Karimi, PhD Affiliations - Musculoskeletal Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Rehabilitation Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran Under the 'Discussion' section, first para, the in-text citation of reference number 24 was missing. The correct sentence should read as below. Van Bogart et al (2009)24 also demonstrated that whereas the toe rocker reduced the range of motion of lower-extremity joints in the stance phase, it did not have an effect on spatiotemporal parameters. All the subsequent versions have been corrected.