In-service Education Programs Research Articles

A PRE-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED TEACHING ABOUT KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE REGARDING USE OF PLASTIC, ITS HAZARDS AND SAFE DISPOSAL AMONG HOUSEWIVES IN SELECTED RURAL AREA.

The community has been described together of the foremost fruitful areas for improving the health of the people. It is an incontrovertible fact that social, physical and cultural aspects of the community have a serious inuence on an individual's health status. One among the most risky assembling is the plastic which are used on a day to day throughout the planet. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching about knowledge and attitude regarding use of plastic, its hazards and safe disposal among the housewives in selected rural area. Quantitative resea METHODOLOGY: rch approach with pre-experimental one group pretest and post-test research design was adopted to conduct the study among 80 housewives in selected rural area, dist wardha, Maharashtra. Through non probability convenient sampling technique. A structured questionnaire and 5 points Likert scale was used for assessing knowledge and attitude regarding use of plastic, its hazards and safe disposal. the nding of study reveal RESULT: s that post-test mean knowledge score was 23.88 with standard deviation (SD ± 1.99) and the respondent knowledge were signicantly higher than , the overall mean pre-test knowledge score which was 13.63 with standard deviation (SD ± 3.17). And the calculated ''t'' value i.e, 25.36 were much higher than the tabulated value at 5% level of signicance. Likewise the post-test mean attitude score was 59.03 higher with SD ± 2.15 and the respondent knowledge was signicantly higher than, the overall mean pre-test attitude score which was 45.15 with SD ± 6.65. And the calculated ''t'' value i.e, 17.50 are much higher than the tabulated value at 5% level of signicance. Hence planned teaching on knowledge and attitude regarding use of plastic, its hazards and safe disposal was effective and statistically signicant. The study emphasis for e CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: ffective implementation of legislation to minimize the use of plastic, its hazards and safe disposal in housewives. There is need to create awareness for betel quid seller and Inservice education programme for teachers about hazards of plastic use so that they can create more awareness among students regarding hazards of plastic use.

If you Say that Idioms Should be Learned, then Why don’t you Teach them? A Case Study of In-service EFL Teachers

Recent communicative teaching approaches view learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) as involving more than knowledge of grammar structures. Students are expected to develop communicative skills which allow them to interact inside and outside the language classroom. To this end, learning idioms plays a significant role because these expressions improve students’ proficiency, fluency and native-like performance (Boers et al., 2006). However, even though they are beneficial for students’ language skills, some teachers may decide to avoid teaching these expressions in the classroom. Motivated by this, the present study examines the perceptions of five Mexican EFL teachers concerning the teaching of English idioms. Semi-structured interviews reveal that the five teachers perceive that teaching idioms is highly important for developing students’ communicative competence. However, the results also indicate that four teachers avoid teaching them because of institutional demands to cover a textbook and their perceptions of their students’ low proficiency levels. This evidence suggests that pre- and in-service teacher education programs should provide teachers with a better understanding of strategies that they can use to teach idioms.

Improving The Quality of Education Through The Principal's Strategy to Develop Teacher Competence

Principal's strategy is the art and knowledge gained by a principal in formulating, implementing, evaluating cross-functional decisions that facilitate the organization in achieving goals. Teachers are the key to the success of an educational institution. Good and bad behavior or teaching procedures for teachers will greatly affect the image of educational institutions. This study aims to examine and discuss in-depth the principal's strategy in developing teacher competence at MA Tarbiyatul Islam Gending Probolinggo. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques with interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that: (1) The model that can be used to improve the competence of teachers in carrying out their duties is through In-service education or In-service training programs. (2) The strategic steps of the principal's leadership in developing teacher competence to improve the quality of education are the first formal strategy, namely the teacher is assigned by the institution to attend education and training, the second non-formal strategy, namely the teacher on his own desire and effort to train and develop himself related to work or position.

Healthcare workers' knowledge of evidence-based guidelines for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in Hodeida, Yemen.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common nosocomial infection in patients requiring mechanical ventilation in intensive care units (ICUs). VAP is associated with delayed extubation, prolonged hospital stays, increased healthcare costs and mortality rates. The aims of this study to evaluate the level of knowledge for the prevention of VAP among healthcare workers (HCWs) in ICUs and to assess their knowledge in relation to their socio-demographic characteristics. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was conducted to assess HCWs' knowledge of the guidelines for prevention of VAP in the ICUs of public and private hospitals in Hodeida city, Yemen. Around 140 self-administered multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed between April and July 2017. A total of 120 (85.6%) HCWs completed questionnaire were obtained (20 physicians, 20 anesthesia technicians and 80 nurses) in this study. The total mean score of the HCWs' knowledge was low (41±18). A statistically significant difference was found in the HCWs' knowledge scores according to their specialties and gender. Anesthesia technicians had the highest knowledge score followed by physicians and nurses (52.2±16.2, 45.6±21.2 and 37.1±16.9, respectively, p=0.002). Males had higher scores than females (Median [IQR] 4 [3-5] vs. 3 [2-4], p<0.001). Participants who received information about the prevention of VAP had better knowledge than those who did not (46.2±17.7 vs. 36.8±17.3, p=0.006). HCWs had a low knowledge level of the guidelines for the prevention of VAP, which may affect their practice. HCWs' knowledge was affected by their previous received information that increases the necessity to provide them with regular in-service education and training programs.

The Role of Kiai Hisyam Zuhdi in Developing Islamic Boarding Schools on The Character of Santri

Principal's strategy is the art and knowledge gained by a principal in formulating, implementing, evaluating cross-functional decisions that facilitate the organization in achieving goals. Teachers are the key to the success of an educational institution. Good and bad behavior or teaching procedures for teachers will greatly affect the image of educational institutions. This study aims to examine and discuss in-depth the principal's strategy in developing teacher competence at MA Tarbiyatul Islam Gending Probolinggo. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques with interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that: (1) The model that can be used to improve the competence of teachers in carrying out their duties is through In-service education or In-service training programs. (2) The strategic steps of the principal's leadership in developing teacher competence to improve the quality of education are the first formal strategy, namely the teacher is assigned by the institution to attend education and training, the second non-formal strategy, namely the teacher on his own desire and effort to train and develop himself related to work or position.

Assessment of Knowledge and Practice of ICU Nurses regarding Prevention of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia (VAP) at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Jammu and Kashmir

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is defined as pneumonia in a patient receiving mechanical ventilation that was not present at the time of admission to hospital or that occurs 48 hours after intubation and mechanical ventilation.Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge and practice scores of ICU nurses, find the association of their knowledge and practice scores with selected demographic variables, and the correlation between their knowledge and practice scores. Methodology: A quantitative research approach with descriptive correlational design was used. 60 staff nurses working in ICUs of SKIMS were selected by non-probability purposive sampling. Assessment of knowledge and practice was done by using a ‘self-structured knowledge questionnaire’ and ‘observation checklist’ respectively.Results: The study showed that maximum staff nurses had moderate knowledge regarding prevention of VAP and majority had unsatisfactory practice. A statistically significant association was found between the knowledge score of nurses and their demographic variables (except gender), and between their practice score and demographic variables (except gender and in-service teaching programme attended regarding prevention of VAP). There was no significant correlation between knowledge and practice scores of study subjects regarding prevention of VAP.Conclusion: The study concluded that the staff nurses working in ICUs lack adequate knowledge and satisfactory practice regarding prevention of VAP. There is a need to conduct in-service education and skill training programmes to improve their knowledge and practice to provide mechanically ventilated patients with the best standard of care possible.

New Horizons for the Journal: Familiar Landscapes in Child Protection

New Horizons for the Journal: Familiar Landscapes in Child Protection

Effect of Health Educational Guidelines on knowledge and practices of Mothers having Children with Bell's Palsy

Background: Bell’s palsy (BP) is a common cranial neuropathy causing acute unilateral lower motor neuron facial paralysis and idiopathic, unilateral or bilateral paralysis of the facial nerve without any associated disorders. Aim: To evaluate the effect of health educational guidelines on knowledge and practices of mothers having children with Bell's Palsy. Design: A quasi-experimental research design was used. Setting: This study was conducted at physical therapy department of Beni-Suef Hospital. Subject: 100 mothers and their children were selected randomly. Tools: Two tools were used for data collection, Tool1: A Self-administered questionnaire: Developed by the researchers and used to assess characteristics of mothers and their children also mothers’ knowledge about Bell's palsy (pre, post, and at follow up) phases of guidelines implementation. Tool2: An observational checklist (pre/post and follow up tests) to evaluate mothers’ practices in relation to their children with Bell's palsy such as pain relieving, eye care, follow up with doctor, mouth and dental hygiene, maintaining muscle tone and facial palsy yoga exercise. Results: There were highly statistically significant differences (P<.0001) regarding mothers knowledge and practices before, immediately after and at follow up phases of guidelines implementation. Conclusion: The present study concluded that, the educational guidelines had a positive effect on mothers' knowledge and their practices about their children with Bell’s palsy. Recommendations: Continuous ongoing in-service educational programs to nurses, mothers and caregivers are necessary to improve their knowledge, increase their awareness, follow-up and care of their children to decrease health complications.

In-Service LTE Program for Chinese Private Institute English Teachers

This paper describes a half-year in-service Language Teacher Education (LTE) program, targeting the trainee teachers who work in Chinese private English institutes. This is to better prepare them at the outset of their career. Primarily intending to build the trainee teachers’ professionalism and raise their awareness, an overall illustration of adopted training courses and choice of activities are introduced in this paper. Focusing on integrating instructional knowledge from ESL and English language teaching, the LTE program schedule will allow majority of readers to implement during their daily teaching and research activities. Principles underpinning this program design are illustrated one by one. A course like this may not foster all teachers to become professionals at once, but to be a reflective practitioner can be a reachable goal, as accumulation of professional expertise is based on teachers’ capability of understanding how to reflect on teaching.

A Learning Design for Deep Learning for a Distance Teacher Education Programme

Self-learning materials (SLM) generally lack the mechanisms for ensuring deep learning but help address the learning needs of large number of learners. Hence, it was retained as the key instructional component for a distance in-service teacher education programme offered by the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), India. However, for the programme’s personal contact programme, a learning design was developed with the aim of addressing the SLM’s pedagogic limitations. This study aimed to determine how learners were using the SLM for learning while the design was being implemented at multiple units of analysis. It used the case-study method, and the findings suggested that the learning design encouraged deep learning processes that included the use of workplace learning as a context for interrogating the SLM and evaluating their relevance. Findings of qualitative studies are not generally generalisable. Nevertheless, this study will help in making informed decisions favouring ‘learning designs’ instead of instructional designs for IGNOU’s future teacher education programmes.

Effect of Implementing Nursing Educational Protocol on Reducing Deep Venous Thrombosis among Orthopedic Surgery Patients

Background: Deep venous thrombosis is a most prevalent problem for orthopedic surgery patients. Nurses have been shown in the literature to play a significant role in reducing the incidence of deep venous thrombosis. Range of motion exercises increase blood flow to the lower extremities, and early mobilization has been shown to improve outcomes. Nurses are crucial in integrating these activities into their patients' regular care plans. Future research should concentrate on efforts to enhance nursing compliance with this exercise program .Aim of the study: To evaluate the effect of implementing nursing educational protocol on reducing deep vein thrombosis among orthopedic surgery patients. Research design: Quasi experimental research design was utilized to conduct this study (study and control group). Subjects: A purposive sample of 72 patients (36 patients for each group study and control). Setting: This study was carried out in orthopedic department and orthopedic outpatient clinic at Minia University Hospital. Tools of data collection: Demographic and medical sheet, the Autar DVT risk assessment scale and Deep vein thrombosis evaluation sheet. Results: There was a statistical significant difference between study and control groups regarding the occurrence of DVT especially Left limb DVT p.value (0.027*) after application of the nursing educational protocol. There were highly statistically significant differences between study and control groups regarding signs and symptoms of DVT in calf muscle regarding redness, swelling and absence of signs of DVT with p.value (0.012*, 0.001**, and 0.002**) respectively. While in thigh muscle presence of swelling show a statistical significant difference with p.value (0.005**) between the two groups. There was a statistical significant difference between study and control groups regarding the occurrence of DVT especially Left limb DVT p.value (0.027*) after application of the nursing educational protocol. Conclusion: Application of educational protocol was effective in reducing DVT among orthopedic surgery patients. Recommendations: Applying elastic stocking, exercising and range of motion had a positive effect on reducing incidence of DVT among orthopedic surgical patients. The in-service educational training program that illustrates purposes and benefits of applying elastic stocking, exercising and range of motion is very important.

Teaching Action Research through Action Research at Higher Education in Pakistan: Experiences from the Field

In this paper, I[1], as a teacher educator and researcher, present the findings of my action research with two teachers in facilitating them carrying out their action research projects in classrooms in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. The data for the study came from reflective journals, semi-structured interviews, field notes, lesson observations, and reports. The findings of the study show that action research is one of the most effective strategies for the professional development of teacher educators and teachers yet it is a challenging process. Field reality and dynamics make an action research project challenging yet responsive to the needs. A three stage-model surfaced from the project in the context of planning and executing action research in schools. The paper concludes with certain implications and questions for policymakers, schools, and teacher educators to use action research as a strategy in pre-and in-service teacher education programs in Pakistan or elsewhere in a similar context.

Effect of Emergent Nursing Educational Program on Nurses’ Performance for Patients with acute poisoning

Background: Acute poisoning is a major health problem leading to emergency department admission and inducing significant patient morbidity and mortality throughout worldwide. Nurse's performance playsan importantrole in the management of acute poisonings. Aim of the study: Determine the effect of emergent nursing educational program on nurses’ performance for patients with acute poisoning. Design: A quasi- experimental design was utilized in this study. Subjects and method: Data were collected from all nurses (27 nurses from Tanta University Poisoning Control Center and 10 nurses from Elmanshawy General Hospital) affiliated to affiliated to ministry of health. Tools: Two tools were used to collect data: Tool (I); Nurses’ Structured Interview Scheduled Sheet part one: socio-demographic characteristics of nurses, part two: structured nurses’ knowledge interview questionnaire, Tool (II); nurses' observational checklist about emergent nursing intervention of acutely poisoning patient. Results: the present studyrevealed that there was a significant improvement in the mean scores of the total level of knowledge and practice immediately and one-month post program implementation in both studied groups at P < 0.05. with only significant difference between two groups in pre-program implementation regarding total practice at P < 0.05. Conclusion: The study findings revealed that nurses' performance of emergent intervention for patient with acute poisoning had improved after application of educational program. Recommendation: It is recommended to nurse's instructor to distribute guideline booklet with knowledge and practices about emergent intervention for poisoning in centers and continuous in-service educational program.

Effect of an Evidence Based Protocol for Childhood Fever Management on Quality of Care Provided by Nurses

Background: Fever is a common childhood health problem. Meanwhile, nursing research suggests that management of children with fever is not based on updated scientific evidence. For this reason, Purpose of the study: To assess the effect of an evidence- based protocol for childhood fever management on quality of care provided by nurses. Setting: The study was conducted in Pediatric Medical Department and Pediatric intensive care unit in Menoufia University Hospital. Research design: A quasi experimental (pre and post) was utilized to conduct the study. Sample: All nurses (48 nurses) who were working in the previously mentioned settings were included in this study. Instruments: Two instruments were used. Instrument one was structured interviewing questionnaire. Instrument two was nurses’ clinical performance observational checklist. Results: Nurses had higher mean of knowledge level about definition of fever on posttest compared to pretest (38.2±2.8 Vs 21.3±6.8). Also, they had higher level of practices related to fever management on posttest than pretest (45.1±2.1 Vs 11.1±1.3) Conclusion: Implementation of an evidence- based protocol improved quality of care related to fever management. Recommendations: The study recommended that ongoing in-service education programs about evidence- based fever management must be designed and implemented in all pediatric departments and pediatric intensive care units to improve quality of care provided by nurses for children having fever.

팬데믹 및 4차 산업혁명 시대의 지역사회체육과 학교체육 : 인성 함양의 전인적 체육 모색

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out what the role of physical education teacher need to be , how on-line home schooling and on-field self-learning need to be adapted, and what relationships between school physical education and the local community need to be pursued.<BR> Method: Ethnographic approach was adopted with three in-service physical education teachers, two previous Public Sport Club officials at KOC and two sport-related co llege professors. The participants were recruited based on the Snowballing way with the criteria of ‘10-year or more career’and ‘Willingness of participation in the study.’ School documents, observation of on-line school physical education classes and in-depth interviews were carried out to collect data. For the purpose of trustworthiness of the study, Data triangulation, Member check, Peer debriefing and Key informant were utilized.<BR> Results: The results of this study are as follows. Seven participants claimed together that physical education teacher in the pandemic and/or 4<SUP>th</SUP> industrial revolution era should 1) become a counselor, a facilitator, a guide and an advisor to help students spontaneously perform physical education classes on their own, 2) play a role of an administrator to build up relationships with the local community and government members, organize each student’s local on-field learning with his/her peers and 3) develop expertise for effective counseling and administration. Pre-service and in-service teacher education programs need to be aligned with the results. <BR> Conclusion: In summary, the findings in this study confirm that the physical education teacher education programs need to focus on nurturing counseling and administrative competencies to get prepared for the contemporary 4<SUP>th</SUP> industrial revolution society or another possible pandemic circumstance.

Scope of Introducing TPACK of Teacher Education Programme in India

The present study focused on the scope of introducing Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) of a two-year pre-service and in-service teacher education program in India. This paper describes the TPACK awareness among teacher educators. It also emphasizes teachers educators integrate technology into education in the 21st century. The main objective of the study to find out the scope of implementation of TPACK on Teacher training programs &amp; the relationship between technology and pedagogy content. Also, the researcher measures the curriculum and challenges to introducing TPACK and finally gives meaningful suggestions to gain technological skills. The methodology of the study is qualitative and interview methods are applied. The study is a mixed type involving interpretative, analytical study of documents, interview and study both primary &amp; secondary sources, like books, university news, expert opinion, articles, journals, thesis and websites, etc.

Teaching Classroom Mathematics: Linking Two Pedagogical Models for Promoting Student Engagement and Conceptual Connections

This paper explains how an original conceptual framework model for mathematics pedagogy, the Australian Curriculum Conceptual Rubric (ACCR), has continued to be used successfully by the author in pre-service and in-service teacher education programs over the past ten years or more. Now further enhanced by a deeper reflection upon Peter Sullivan’s Six Principles (2011) for the effective teaching of classroom mathematics, the ACCR is based on four preparatory “big questions” that the teachers may ask of themselves and their students. The model is also a sequenced system of conceptual “rubrics” whose aim is to encourage, in new teachers especially, a beginning sense of hierarchical mathematics concept building and connectedness. Using Sullivan’s Principles for corroboration, the ACCR presents some useful ideas for helping teachers to keep track of the important elements of practical, effective teaching, and to use engaging and meaningful language in their classrooms.

Toward a More Comprehensive Picture of Physical Education Teaching Quality: Combining Generic and Content-Specific Practices

Purpose: This study explores physical education teaching quality and its effects on student psychomotor learning by bringing together generic and content-specific practices. Method: A sample of 51 elementary classroom teachers who taught physical education to third-, fourth-, or fifth-grade students (N = 944) was recruited. Student psychomotor development was measured through a pre- and postperformance test. Teaching quality was captured through classroom observations and a student survey. Results: Findings showed that more teacher-level variance was explained when combining generic and content-specific practices, as compared with that explained when considering either type of practices in isolation. Teaching aspects from both types of practices were found to be important predictors that could discriminate among teachers based on their level of effectiveness. Conclusion: A comprehensive framework of physical education teaching effectiveness could be developed involving both types of practices. This framework could be used for both summative and formative purposes in preservice or in-service teacher education programs.

Nurses’ knowledge, attitude and practices on use of restraints at State Mental health care setting: An impact of in-service education programme

Objective.To evaluate the effectiveness of short-term in-service education program in improving nurse’s knowledge, attitude and self-reported practices related to physical restraint use.Methods.A quasi-experimental one group pre-post study was conducted involving nurses working at a tertiary mental health care setting, Dharwad, India. We provided 3 consecutive days of intensive restraint management education (total 6 hours-two hours per day) with a follow-up assessment after one month. The standard questionnaires on knowledge, attitude and practice regarding physical restraints were used as tools for measuring the impact of in-service education program. The program was conducted for a group of five to six nurses at a time. Teaching was done using lecture method, group discussion and demonstrations.Results.Of the 52 nurses who participated in the study, 52% were male, 58.5% had a baccalaureate degree. The mean age of respondents was 33.3 years, the mean work experience was 6.7 years. The findings of the study revealed that the mean scores on the knowledge regarding physical restraints increased after the in-service education from 6.4 to 8.2 (p<0.001). The mean attitude scores improved from 18.5 to 23.1 (p<0.001). There was a significant difference in mean practice scores between pre and post-intervention phases (23.7 versus 25.4; p<0.001). There was a significant correlation between post-test knowledge, attitude and practice scores.Conclusion.The in-service education program improved nurse’s knowledge, attitude and self-reported practice scores. This may lead to more effective restraints management by psychiatric nurses.

Readiness of Nurses to Provide Nursing Care for COVID-19 Patients at COVID Dedicated Hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Background: Coronavirus pandemic has become the leading cause of disability and death throughout the world. Nurses have a pivotal role in managing the COVID-19 patients across the globe including Bangladesh. Objective: The study was aimed to assess the level of nurses’ knowledge, attitude and practice with regard to readiness for providing nursing care for COVID-19 patients at COVID-19 dedicated hospitals in Dhaka. Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were collected from July, to September, 2020 using a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 384 nurses were selected from four corona dedicated hospitals in Dhaka. Nurses’ readiness was measured by using paper and pencil questionnaire. Personal and professional characteristics knowledge, attitudes and practice related to COVID-19 questionnaires were used. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one way ANOVA and Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation-Coefficient. Results: Findings showed that nurses had moderate level of knowledge (M = 34.34.15, SD = 2.98), attitude (M = 27.58, SD = 3.45) and practice (M = 13.12, SD = 1.78) respectively. A significant negative correlation found between knowledge and attitude (r = -.178, p = .000). However, no significant relationship was to be found between attitude and practice and knowledge and practice regarding nurses’ readiness to provide nursing care to COVID-19 patients. Statistical analysis showed that nurses working at Kurmitola General Hospital (F = 9.47, p = .000) had better practice than those of other hospitals. Senior staff nurses did better practice (F = 21.765, p = .000) than those of other nurses. Conclusion: Nurses achieved moderate level of knowledge, attitude and practice. There was negative correlation between knowledge and attitude of nurses. In-service education programme can be developed and conducted to increase knowledge, attitude and practice regarding nurses readiness for caring of COVID-19 patients. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(3): 161-167