IN ITS Research Articles

Dualism in Somali Notions of Power

EXCEPT IN ITS POETRY, Islam in Somaliland is not rich in esoteric symbolism. Thus almost inevitably one is driven directly to examine the relationship between religious beliefs and cults, and between these and social structure. The purpose of this paper is to consider one wide issue here, that of the distinction which Somali draw between secular and non-secular power, and to examine how this is related to ecological and social factors and to the local interpretation of Islam. The first point to emphasize is that the Somali have been Muslims for many centuries, Islam having been introduced on the coast at least as early as the tenth century. Indeed they are orthodox Sunnis and follow the Shafi'i code of Muslim law. Not surprisingly, however, the segmentary lineage structure of their society strongly colours the content and character of the local practice of Islam. Thus it seems perfectly logical that Sufism and saint veneration-the mystical movement in Islam-should be highly developed amongst the Somali. For Sufism which lays such stress on the powers of intercession of saints seems peculiarly well-adapted to local Somali lineage ancestor cults. Indeed, a large proportion of those saints who now occupy a prominent place in Somali Islam are in fact the ancestors of lineages. Not all the saints venerated by Somali, however, fall into this category. A second and smaller group of locally venerated saints are those Muslims from other lands who founded the Dervish Orders or 'brotherhoods' which the Somali follow and to one of which every Somali is at least nominally attached.' Finally, there is a third category of locally venerated saints consisting of Somali and immigrant Arabs who are venerated, neither as lineage ancestors nor as the founders of Muslim brotherhoods, but for their personal blessing and miraculous works alone. Saints in all these three categories are regarded similarly by Somali, although as individuals they are not all equally powerful. To-day, whatever may have been the case in the past, Somali venerate these saints but do not worship them. There is no 'ancestor worship' in Somaliland, nor are the saints 'refractions' of God; rather they are intermediaries through whose piety and blessing (baraka), as in Catholicism, men seek to bridge the gulf which separates them from God. Above all the saints are not ends in themselves, but only a means by which man's appeal to the mercy and blessing of God through the Prophet is strengthened. Their general religious status is clearly indicated in the dogma held by the Ahmadiya brotherhood that their founder Sayyid Ahmad ibn Idriis al-Faasi2 'is in the door of the Prophet, and the Prophet is in the door of God'. These saints then, of whatever category, are venerated, not worshipped, and the respect shown to them which is explicitly based upon their intercessory role in no way eclipses or abrogates the power of God and His Prophet. God, 'The Creator', 'The Bestower', 'The Everlasting', etc.,3 is 'without need, or want', is all-powerful, and his unique character and position is in a sense enhanced rather than detracted from by the

STAPHYLOCOCCAL WOUND INFECTION: THE USE OF NEOMYCIN AND CHLORHEXIDINE (“NASEPTIN”) NASAL CREAM IN ITS CONTROL

Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 2, Issue 10 p. 367-370 Original Article STAPHYLOCOCCAL WOUND INFECTION: THE USE OF NEOMYCIN AND CHLORHEXIDINE (“NASEPTIN”) NASAL CREAM IN ITS CONTROL Phyllis M. Rountree D.Sc., Dip.Bact., Phyllis M. Rountree D.Sc., Dip.Bact. Fairfax Institute of Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, SydneySearch for more papers by this authorJohn Loewenthal M.S., F.R.C.S., F.R.A.C.S., F.A.C.S., John Loewenthal M.S., F.R.C.S., F.R.A.C.S., F.A.C.S. Department of Surgery, University of SydneySearch for more papers by this authorElizabeth Tedder B.A., M.B., B.S., Elizabeth Tedder B.A., M.B., B.S. Department of Surgery, University of SydneySearch for more papers by this authorRichard Gye B.Sc., M.B., F.R.A.C.S., Richard Gye B.Sc., M.B., F.R.A.C.S. Department of Surgery, University of SydneySearch for more papers by this author Phyllis M. Rountree D.Sc., Dip.Bact., Phyllis M. Rountree D.Sc., Dip.Bact. Fairfax Institute of Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, SydneySearch for more papers by this authorJohn Loewenthal M.S., F.R.C.S., F.R.A.C.S., F.A.C.S., John Loewenthal M.S., F.R.C.S., F.R.A.C.S., F.A.C.S. Department of Surgery, University of SydneySearch for more papers by this authorElizabeth Tedder B.A., M.B., B.S., Elizabeth Tedder B.A., M.B., B.S. Department of Surgery, University of SydneySearch for more papers by this authorRichard Gye B.Sc., M.B., F.R.A.C.S., Richard Gye B.Sc., M.B., F.R.A.C.S. Department of Surgery, University of SydneySearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 September 1962 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1962.tb20319.xCitations: 8AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume2, Issue10September 1962Pages 367-370 RelatedInformation

MEDICINE IN ITS SETTING

MEDICINE IN ITS SETTING

REVIEWS

The Sacred Bridge. The Interdependence of Liturgy and Music in Syngogue and Church during the First Millennium.Moving INTO Aquarius. By Michael Tippett.The Ideal City IN ITS Architectural Evolution. By Helen Rosenau. (Routledge and Kegan Paul; 30s.)Christ AND THE Apostles. The Changing Forms of Religious Imagery. By F. M. Godfrey.Itallian Renaissance Sculpture. By John Pope‐Hennessy.Symbolism IN THE Bible AND IN THE Church. By Gilbert Cope.

Systemic lupus erythematosus: recent advances in its diagnosis and treatment.

Excerpt During the last six years the author has had the opportunity personally to study and treat 175 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The purpose of this paper is to review the current...

FIRST IN ITS CLASS!

RETURN TO ISSUEAdvertisementNEXTFIRST IN ITS CLASS!Cite this: Chem. Eng. News 1956, 34, 28, 3322Publication Date (Print):July 9, 1956Publication History Published online5 November 2010Published inissue 9 July 1956https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v034n028.p3322Copyright © 1956 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views-Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Get e-Alerts

WATER IN ITS RELATION TO PLANT GROWTH

(1956). WATER IN ITS RELATION TO PLANT GROWTH. Journal of the South African Forestry Association: Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 36-42.

The Indian Business Communities and the Evolution of an Industrialist Class

IN ITS POINT of departure, India is sharply differentiated from many agricultural countries which have undertaken to accelerate their economic growth. As the Minister of Commerce and Industry, T. T. Krishnamachari, has observed, certain underdeveloped nations are able to elaborate programs for their industrialization as if they were writing on a clean slate as presumably they did in Soviet Russia and to some extent they now do in China. By contrast, he continued, that position does not now obtain in India. A great deal of development has taken place in the private sphere though there are very large gaps to be filled.'1 Not only has private initiative thus made a beginning in the industrial field, but the ownership and control of most of these modern plants is in the hands of Indian entrepreneurs. This is a unique phenomenon in Southeast Asia, where business-whether modern banks, mines and plantations or traditional moneylending and trade-has usually been the preserve of foreigners. How did this distinctive Indian pattern evolve? In the broad spectrum of Indian social structure how are the industrialists to be identified ? What organizational forms do they use? Most of them are linked with communities, but how is an Indian business community constituted, and which ones have promoted industrial expansion? Have the industrial developments in turn affected the communities themselves? Written at a distance, this brief account can do little more than raise the broad and often baffling questions whose solution demands intensive research and suggests some lines for further investigation.2 While the business element in many societies is composed of

In vivo effect of anti-heparin agents on serum lipids and lepoproteins.

In vivo effect of anti-heparin agents on serum lipids and lepoproteins.

THE "HOW-TO-DO-IT" TEACHING FILM AN EXPERIMENT IN ITS USE

THE "HOW-TO-DO-IT" TEACHING FILM AN EXPERIMENT IN ITS USE

Potential Utilization of the Kafue Flats of Northern Rhodesia

IN ITS location, climate, and soils the vast expanse of the Kafue Flats of south-central Northern Rhodesia presents a challenge to man. A practically level plain extends as far as the eye can see, almost entirely grasscovered, but with occasional trees along the streams and isolated palms on the higher land; along the lagoons and in the other low areas there may be papyrus. Beyond the Flats the land is covered with what is commonly designated as bush, with tall grass among the trees.' The Kafue Flats proper are about I50 miles long from east to west and about 50 miles widle at the widest point. The elevation is some 3000-3200 feet above mean sea level.2 The Flats are surrounded by relatively low hills and ridges, which rise to 4000 feet or so above mean sea level.3 The Kafue Flats seem to be an old lake bed or swamp that has been filled in by sediment of the Kafue River and its tributary streams. There are in this part of Africa numerous examples of both lakes and swamps that have been formed by general uplift. In the Kafue watershed itself there are two notable examples of swamps: the large Lukanga Swamp, in the northern part of the watershed adjacent to the main stream; and the Busango Swamp, on the Lufuta River, which is a tributary entering the Kafue upstream of the Flats (Fig. i). The Kafue River rises in the extreme northern part of Northern Rhodesia, near the border of the Belgian Congo. It winds in a general southeasterly direction to a point southwest of the town of Ndola. Thereafter its course

Reviews

Abstract BELFAST IN ITS REGIONAL SETTING. Published for the British Association by the Local Executive Committee, Belfast, 1952. 211 pp. 215. GEOGRAPHY IN THE SECONDARY SCHOOL, by E. W. H. Briault and D. W. Shave. Published by the Geographical Association, c/o The Park Branch Library, Duke Street, Sheffield, 1952. Price 2s. post free. AN INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, by J. H. G. Lebon. Hutchinson, 1952. 190 pages, 7 maps and diagrams. 8/6. PORTS AND HARBOURS, by F. W. Morgan. Hutchinson, 1952. 176 pages, 12 maps and diagrams. 8/6. OUR UNDEVELOPED WORLD, by L. Dudley Stamp. Faber & Faber, London, 1953. 187 pp. 18s.

Serial Bibliographies in the Modern Languages and Literatures

IN ITS 1948 report the Committee on Research Activities (Albert H. Marckwardt, Chairman) observed that, “without question, the present bibliographical aids to scholarship in our field are in need of improvement and coordination. It would be equally advantageous to have more systematically presented data on those facilities for research in various fields and topics, particularly with respect to primary materials, which are now available in different sections of the country.” The present study is offered as a preliminary step toward meeting the need for coordination of bibliographies, and the Secretary of the Association has been authorized by the Executive Council to look into the feasibility of a survey of the facilities for research in American libraries.

Problems in Sonata History

Research Article| September 01 1948 Problems in Sonata History William S. Newman William S. Newman Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Bulletin of the American Musicological Society (1948) 11-13: 49–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/829285 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation William S. Newman; Problems in Sonata History. Bulletin of the American Musicological Society 1 September 1948; 11-13 49–50. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/829285 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentJournal of the American Musicological Society Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Employment and Relative Inflation in Massachusetts

IN ITS usual sense, the term inflation (for example price inflation) implies the increase in some index relative to its own value at some other time. In what follows the term relative inflation implies the increase (with time) of one index relative to another index. And the term will be restricted to mean an increase in the cost of finished goods relative to the cost of materials and wages. This relative cost will be measured by the product of the ratios (V'/M) (V'/W) = V'2/MW (' = value added, M = materials, W = wages). Increase in this relative cost may then be measured either by increase in V'2/MW or by decrease in MW/V'2 = B, say.2 When B decreases we shall have relative inflation of V' with respect to M and W, the only relative inflation herein considered.

THE EXTRACTION OF CATARACT IN ITS CAPSULE (TOTAL EXTRACTION)

Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 1, Issue 10 p. 211-212 Correspondence THE EXTRACTION OF CATARACT IN ITS CAPSULE (TOTAL EXTRACTION) First published: 01 March 1944 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1944.tb51731.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume1, Issue10March 1944Pages 211-212 RelatedInformation

EXTRACTION OF CATARACT IN ITS CAPSULE (TOTAL EXTRACTION)

Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 1, Issue 7 p. 138-139 Correspondence EXTRACTION OF CATARACT IN ITS CAPSULE (TOTAL EXTRACTION) First published: 01 February 1944 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1944.tb51650.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume1, Issue7February 1944Pages 138-139 RelatedInformation

EXTRACTION OF CATARACT IN ITS CAPSULE (TOTAL EXTRACTION)

Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 1, Issue 2 p. 39-39 Correspondence EXTRACTION OF CATARACT IN ITS CAPSULE (TOTAL EXTRACTION) First published: 01 January 1944 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1944.tb51526.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume1, Issue2January 1944Pages 39-39 RelatedInformation

EXTRACTION OF CATARACT IN ITS CAPSULE (TOTAL EXTRACTION)

Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 2, Issue 20 p. 411-411 Correspondence EXTRACTION OF CATARACT IN ITS CAPSULE (TOTAL EXTRACTION) First published: 01 November 1943 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1943.tb51320.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume2, Issue20November 1943Pages 411-411 RelatedInformation

EXTRACTION OF CATARACT IN ITS CAPSULE (TOTAL EXTRACTION)

Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 2, Issue 21 p. 431-432 Correspondence EXTRACTION OF CATARACT IN ITS CAPSULE (TOTAL EXTRACTION) First published: 01 November 1943 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1943.tb51347.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume2, Issue21November 1943Pages 431-432 RelatedInformation