Impulsive Action Research Articles

Should borderline personality disorder be placed on the bipolar spectrum?

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood disorder characterized by changes in activity levels, mood, and energy. These categories can range from elation during manic episodes to depression during depressive episodes. BD affects 2-3% of the population. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is the diagnostic label assigned to individuals who struggle with unstable personal relationships, hypersensitivity to rejection, or an unstable self-image. 1.6% of the general population has this disorder and 20 percent of those in the psychiatric population have BD. Given that BD and BPD share features, such as rapid mood swings, impulsive actions, and suicidal behavior it is sometimes difficult for practitioners to readily and accurately differentiate between these two disorders. These issues with diagnosis have led to the idea BPD should belong on the spectrum of bipolar disorders. The current paper compares the disorders, including their clinical presentation and symptoms, the effect of genetic and environmental factors on the development of these disorders, and treatments for each disorder. The aforementioned topics represent factors underlying the resolution to the question of whether BPD belongs on the bipolar spectrum. Answering this question would allow researchers and clinicians to better understand the relationship between these disorders and the best treatments for BPD and BD.

Treatment of limb combat blast wounds using negative pressure

Blast injury (BI) is a combat multifactorial injury resulting from the impulse action of the complex traumatic factors by the mine munition explosion, characterized an interconnected and increasingly severe impact, massive deep tissue damage and the development of a general contusion-shock syndrome. For severe BI with large skin and soft tissue defects, it is advisable to use negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Objective. To analyze the effectiveness of using the NPWT system in patients with blast injuries. Methods. Publications were searched in electronic systems Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, archives of specialized journals. The results of treatment using NPWT of 134 patients were analyzed: 130 (97 %) men and 4 (3 %) women, average age 36.6 years (22‒64). According to the types of injuries, the patients were distributed as follows: blast injury — 128 (95.5%), bullet injuries — 6 (4.5 %). The results. The goal of BI treatment by negative pressure is to improve wound healing through multiple mechanisms of action at the macroscopic and microscopic levels. The use of NPWT reduces the risk of infectious complications, prevents excessive progression necrosis of affected tissues, accelerates the growth of granulation tissues and reduces pain syndrome. The result of the treatment is the wound preparation for primary healing or, in the case of significant soft tissue damage, the creation of favorable conditions for performing plastic surgeries. In general, NPWT accelerates treatment times, reduces risks of complication level and improves functional results. This current own research coincides with the results of majority authors and allows us to continue work in this direction. Conclusions. Treatment of blast injury wounds with the use of vacuum bandages and devices for creating negative pressure is an effective approach that contributes to the reduction of infectious complications, the growth of granulation tissue, facilitates further skin plasticity of the defect, accelerates the recovery time of the wounded and his rehabilitation.

Relación entre impulsividad, inflexibilidad psicológica y síntomas de psicopatología en pacientes con dependencia de nicotina

Introduction: high levels of impulsivity and psychological inflexibility characterize nicotine dependent subjects and some psychopathology symptoms are also related to the tobacco consumption but it is unknown if there is a relationship between these. Objective: to evaluate the correlation of impulsivity with psychological inflexibility, and symptoms of psychopathology in nicotine dependent subjects. Method: an observational study was carried out, the universe of which was 24 patients who attended the smoking clinic of the State Center for Mental Health of Puebla for the first time (January-March 2020). The instruments were applied: the Fagerström test to measure nicotine dependence, the Barratt impulsivity scale, the Acceptance and Action questionnaire to measure the inflexibility score and the symptom list, to identify psychopathology symptoms. Correlations were made with the Spearman test. Results: in nicotine dependence subjects (moderate and severe) no correlation was found between impulsivity and psychological inflexibility. There was a moderate correlation of impulsivity with anxiety (rs = .467, p () .05), somatization (rs = .451, p () .05) and hostility (rs = .426, p () .05). None of the psychopathology symptoms correlated with psychological inflexibility. The comparison between high and low impulsivity and psychological inflexibility showed that the high impulsivity and low inflexibility groups had high scores for psychopathology symptoms. Only the anxiety scale marked significant differences according to the level of impulsivity. Discussion and conclusions: in the subjects of the sample the correlations between impulsivity and symptoms of anxiety somatization and hostility suggest identifying these characteristics early to improve abstinence rates in them.

Leveraging related health phenotypes for polygenic prediction of impulsive choice, impulsive action, and impulsive personality traits in 1534 European ancestry community adults.

Impulsivity refers to a number of conceptually related phenotypes reflecting self-regulatory capacity that are considered promising endophenotypes for mental and physical health. Measures of impulsivity can be broadly grouped into three domains, namely, impulsive choice, impulsive action, and impulsive personality traits. In a community-based sample of ancestral Europeans (n = 1534), we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of impulsive choice (delay discounting), impulsive action (behavioral inhibition), and impulsive personality traits (UPPS-P), and evaluated 11 polygenic risk scores (PRSs) of phenotypes previously linked to self-regulation. Although there were no individual genome-wide significant hits, the neuroticism PRS was positively associated with negative urgency (adjusted R2 = 1.61%, p = 3.6 × 10-7 ) and the educational attainment PRS was inversely associated with delay discounting (adjusted R2 = 1.68%, p = 2.2 × 10-7 ). There was also evidence implicating PRSs of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, externalizing, risk-taking, smoking cessation, smoking initiation, and body mass index with one or more impulsivity phenotypes (adjusted R2 s: 0.35%-1.07%; FDR adjusted ps = 0.05-0.0006). These significant associations between PRSs and impulsivity phenotypes are consistent with established genetic correlations. The combined PRS explained 0.91%-2.46% of the phenotypic variance for individual impulsivity measures, corresponding to 8.7%-32.5% of their reported single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability, suggesting a non-negligible portion of the SNP-based heritability can be recovered by PRSs. These results support the predictive validity and utility of PRSs, even derived from related phenotypes, to inform the genetics of impulsivity phenotypes.

MODELING THE DYNAMICS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER PROCESSES IN A TUBULAR HEAT EXCHANGER UNDER PULSED INFLUENCES

The paper discusses the results of experimental studies of the influence of the degree of inhomogeneity of a liquid flow on the dynamics of heat and mass transfer processes under pulsed impacts. High-voltage electric discharges in a liquid medium were used as impulse actions, through which an electro-hydraulic effect is realized, accompanied by the appearance of shock waves. The dynamics ofthe occurring nonlinear, rapidly changing heat and mass transfer processes at high hydraulic pressures cannot be described using differential equations. The simulation was carried out on the basis of the method of group consideration of arguments, the advantage of which is the construction of polynomial dependencies using a small amount of experimental data. The results of constructing polynomial dependences made it possible to reveal the synergistic effect of the influence of flow parameters on the dynamics of the impulse pressure amplitude and the intensity of heat transfer.

Performance on the balloon analogue risk task and anticipatory response inhibition task is associated with severity of impulse control behaviours in people with Parkinson’s disease

Dopamine agonist medication is one of the largest risk factors for development of problematic impulse control behaviours (ICBs) in people with Parkinson’s disease. The present study investigated the potential of dopamine gene profiling and individual performance on impulse control tasks to explain ICB severity. Clinical, genetic and task performance data were entered into a mixed-effects linear regression model for people with Parkinson’s disease taking (n = 50) or not taking (n = 25) dopamine agonist medication. Severity of ICBs was captured via the Questionnaire for Impulsive-compulsive disorders in Parkinson’s disease Rating Scale. A cumulative dopamine genetic risk score (DGRS) was calculated for each participant from variance in five dopamine-regulating genes. Objective measures of impulsive action and impulsive choice were measured on the Anticipatory Response Inhibition Task and Balloon Analogue Risk Task, respectively. For participants on dopamine agonist medication, task performance reflecting greater impulsive choice (p = 0.014), and to a trend level greater impulsive action (p = 0.056), as well as a longer history of DA medication (p < 0.001) all predicted increased ICB severity. DGRS however, did not predict ICB severity (p = 0.708). No variables could explain ICB severity in the non-agonist group. Our task-derived measures of impulse control have the potential to predict ICB severity in people with Parkinson’s and warrant further investigation to determine whether they can be used to monitor ICB changes over time. The DGRS appears better suited to predicting the incidence, rather than severity, of ICBs on agonist medication.

The Worlds We Leave Behind by A. F. Harrold

Reviewed by: The Worlds We Leave Behind by A. F. Harrold Adam McConville Harrold, A. F. The Worlds We Leave Behind; illus. by Levi Pinfold. Bloomsbury, 2023 [256p] Trade ed. ISBN 9781547610952 $17.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9781547610969 $12.59 Reviewed from digital galleys R Gr 5-8 Hex didn’t mean to make the little girl fall off the rope swing—the stone he threw was meant for his friend, Tommo—but now she’s lying in the creek, her arm broken. While Tommo rushes to get help, Hex flees the scene, leaving behind a mysterious old woman and dog that only he could see. What follows as the week unfolds is a cautionary tale of consequences and revenge, but also new possibilities, as Hex, Tommo, and the little girl’s older sister, Maria, become tangled in the web of a reality-shifting entity. Harrold hones in on the emotional stakes of late adolescence in this British import, with characters struggling to take accountability for their [End Page 224] impulsive actions as they leave childhood behind. Shifting perspectives coupled with third-person omniscient writing keep readers attuned to familial difficulties and emotional conflicts as the five days progress, making retributory punches and magical bargains for revenge understandable, if not justifiable. The message of forgiveness isn’t subtle, but it’s packaged in a well-delivered tragedy; while all the characters grow from their mistakes, the ends they meet are not always happy. Pin-fold’s stark, black-and-white illustrations sell the tone, lending an ominous feeling to mundane scenes of English neighborhoods that give way to gnarled woods and hair-raising encounters with the villain. The reveal of sci-fi elements in the third act will surprise those primed for a trickster fantasy, but genre-flexible readers who enjoyed the darkly folkloric tone of Paradise Sands (BCCB 11/22) will find shivers, philosophical musings, and an ambiguous ending on offer here. Copyright © 2023 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Inhibition of ventral tegmental area projections to the nucleus accumbens shell increases premature responding in the five-choice serial reaction time task in rats

Exaggerated impulsivity and attentional impairments are hallmarks of certain disorders of behavioural control such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia and addiction. Pharmacological studies have implicated elevated dopamine (DA) levels in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcbS) in impulsive actions. The NAcbS receives its DA input from the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and we have previously shown that optogenetic activation of VTA-NAcbS projections impaired impulse control and attention in the five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) in rats. To better understand the role of VTA-NAcbS projections in impulsivity and attention, the present study sought to inhibit this projection using optogenetics. We demonstrate that inhibiting VTA-NAcbS efferents during the last seconds of the inter-trial interval (i.e. immediately before presentation of the instructive cue) induces exaggerated impulsive action, in the absence of changes in attentional or motivational parameters in the 5-CSRTT. Together with our earlier observations, this suggests that impulse control in the 5-CSRTT is tightly controlled by VTA-NAcbS activity, with deviations in both directions resulting in increased impulsivity.

Dynamics of Nonautomous Impulsive Multivalued Processes

In this paper we study the asymptotic behaviour of multivalued processes which are under the influence of impulsive action. We provide conditions to guarantee the existence of a pullback attractor and we illustrate the results with several examples.

Uncertain threat is associated with greater impulsive actions and neural dissimilarity to Black versus White faces

Race is a social construct that contributes to group membership and heightens emotional arousal in intergroup contexts. Little is known about how emotional arousal, specifically uncertain threat, influences behavior and brain processes in response to race information. We investigated the effects of experimentally manipulated uncertain threat on impulsive actions to Black versus White faces in a community sample (n = 106) of Black and White adults. While undergoing fMRI, participants performed an emotional go/no-go task under three conditions of uncertainty: 1) anticipation of an uncertain threat (i.e., unpredictable loud aversive sound); 2) anticipation of an uncertain reward (i.e., unpredictable receipt of money); and 3) no anticipation of an uncertain event. Representational similarity analysis was used to examine the neural representations of race information across functional brain networks between conditions of uncertainty. Participants—regardless of their own race—showed greater impulsivity and neural dissimilarity in response to Black versus White faces across all functional brain networks in conditions of uncertain threat relative to other conditions. This pattern of greater neural dissimilarity under threat was enhanced in individuals with high implicit racial bias. Our results illustrate the distinct and important influence of uncertain threat on global differentiation in how race information is represented in the brain, which may contribute to racially biased behavior.

Hydromechanical Modeling of the Deep Initial Impulsive Action on the Hydrogeophysical Massif

Hydromechanical Modeling of the Deep Initial Impulsive Action on the Hydrogeophysical Massif

Periodic Solutions For Nonlinear Systems of Multiple Integro-differential Equations that Contain Symmetric Matrices with Impulsive Actions

This paper examines a new nonlinear system of multiple integro-differential equations containing symmetric matrices with impulsive actions. The numerical-analytic method of ordinary differential equations and Banach fixed point theorem are used to study the existence, uniqueness and stability of periodic solutions of impulsive integro-differential equations with piecewise continuous functions. This study is based on the Hölder condition in which the ordering , and are real numbers between 0 and 1.

Optogenetic and pharmacological interventions link hypocretin neurons to impulsivity in mice

Neurons in the lateral hypothalamus expressing the neuropeptide Hypocretin, also known as orexin, are known critical modulators of arousal stability. However, their role in the different components of the arousal construct such as attention and decision making is poorly understood. Here we study Hypocretin neuronal circuit dynamics during stop action impulsivity in a Go/NoGo task in mice. We show that Hypocretin neuronal activity correlates with anticipation of reward. We then assessed the causal role of Hypocretin neuronal activity using optogenetics in a Go/NoGo task. We show that stimulation of Hypocretin neurons during the cue period dramatically increases the number of premature responses. These effects are mimicked by amphetamine, reduced by atomoxetine, a norepinephrine uptake inhibitor, and blocked by a Hypocretin receptor 1 selective antagonist. We conclude that Hypocretin neurons have a key role in the integration of salient stimuli during wakefulness to produce appropriate and timely responses to rewarding and aversive cues.

Neurocognitive Impulsivity in Opiate Users at Different Lengths of Abstinence.

The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of length of abstinence on decision making (impulsive choice) and response inhibition (impulsive action) in former opiate users (OU). Participants included 45 OU in early remission [0−12 months of abstinence], 68 OU in sustained remission [>12 months of abstinence], and 68 control participants. Decision making was assessed with the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), the Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT), and the Monetary Choice Questionnaire (MCQ). Response inhibition was examined with the Stop Signal Task (SST), and the Go/No-Go Task (GNG). Results revealed group differences in decision making under risk (CGT) and ambiguity (IGT), where control participants displayed better decision making compared to OU in early remission. Both groups of former OU were also characterized by higher discounting of delayed rewards (MCQ). Regression analyses revealed minimal effects of length of abstinence on performance on decision-making tasks and no effects on delay discounting. In addition, both OU groups showed reduced action inhibition (GNG) relative to controls and there were no group differences in action cancellation (SST). Length of abstinence had no effect on response inhibition. Overall, our findings suggest that neurocognitive function may not fully recover even with protracted abstinence, which should be addressed by relapse prevention and cognitive remediation programs for OU.

Machine learning-based fragility analysis of tunnel structure under different impulsive seismic actions

Most of the current seismic fragility analyses of tunnels focus on seismic intensity measures (IM) such as peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV), however, there is a lack of studies that comprehensively consider the effects of seismic characteristics such as pulse, magnitude, and fault distance on tunnel fragility. In particular pulses can cause significant damage to the structure. Fragility studies use incremental dynamics analysis (IDA), which produces accurate results; however, it consumes more computational resources. In addition, machine learning can be used to predict the state of earthquake damage to tunnels and, more significantly, to determine the importance of seismic features such as pulses in tunnel damage. Therefore, in this study, IDA was used to compute accurate pulse seismic fragility data and extract pulses and other features from these data, and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and random forest (RF) algorithms were applied for training and predicting. Conclusions: Pulses make tunnel structures more vulnerable to damage. The pulse indicator (PI) in seismic characteristics is not as effective as an IM such as the PGV, in determining the tunnel damage state. The residual velocity (PGVresid) after extracting the pulse is comparable to that of IMs such as PGA and PGV. The fragility relation of the deformation criterion is discrete; however, it performs better in machine learning. The regression-based predicted fragility curves matched the test set curves, indicating that machine learning can achieve adequate performance levels while conserving computational resources.

ДРАЙВЕРИ І ІНСТРУМЕНТИ ФОРМУВАННЯ АДИТИВНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ1

The article analyzes the factors that determine the transition to the additive economy. Three groups of factors are proposed: necessity, sufficiency and purposefulness. The last group determines the direction in which the system should change. The specified factors are drivers (driving forces) of system transformation and development. Their action is implemented through the change of the triad of system-forming principles: material (ensures the power function of the movement of the system), informational (forms the direction of action of energy impulses), synergistic (ensures the coherence of the action of individual components of the system). According to these three groups of natural principles, three groups of tools for influencing transformational processes can be considered: through the change of material assets, the information algorithm of the functioning of systems and the correction of synergistic factors (communications, connections, relations). The article analyzes the evolution of factors determining the initiation of industrial revolutions. Particular emphasis is placed on the analysis of drivers, i.e. factors of necessity, sufficiency and purposefulness of modern industrial revolutions. It is shown how the course of Industry 3.0 determines the start and implementation of Industry 4.0, and that, in turn, gives impetus to the initiation of Industry 5.0.

ОБРАЗЫ ГЕРОЕВ-ИГРОКОВ В РОМАНАХ Ф.М. ДОСТОЕВСКОГО «ИГРОК» И Г. ФАЛЛАДЫ «ВОЛК СРЕДИ ВОЛКОВ»: СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ

The article is devoted to comprehending the features of the representation of the characters-players in the novels ‘The Gambler’ by F. M. Dostoevsky and ‘Wolf among Wolves’ by H. Fallada. Using a comparative historical method of research, parallels are identified in the development of the storylines of the works, related to the theme of the game, as well as similar means of revealing the main characters. It is found that both the authors set themselves the task of reconstructing the psychological portrait of the character-player revealing the influence of the game on the human mind, his way of thinking and behaviour. The leading means of revealing the characters of Alexei Ivanovich in The Gambler and Wolfgang Pagel in Wolf Among Wolves are speech characteristic, internal monologue, expressive artistic detail, portrait-assessment. However, if in the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky the theme of the game is central, in the novel by H. Fallada the psychological collisions of the character-player are covered only in the first part of the work. Both the authors consistently trace the dynamics of changes in the attitude of their characters to the game, showing how prudence gives way to impulsive and thoughtless actions, which ultimately leads the characters to a state of moral and material collapse. However, if H. Fallada in the finale of his work shows his character freed from a pernicious vice and able to morally transform, F. M. Dostoevsky’s finale of The Gambler depicts a morally degraded character, completely absorbed in the elements of the game, but at the same time retaining hope for his spiritual resurrection.

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОИМПУЛЬСНЫХ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЙ, ИХ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ И ВОПРОСЫ МЕТРОЛОГИИ

electromagnetic force pulses are forces of mutual repulsion between the anchor and the inductor. Under their action, the anchor is shifted towards the cleaned surface of the affected object and elastic vibrations are transmitted to it. In electro-pulse interaction systems, the duration of the energy accumulation process, and then its release in extremely small time intervals, allows to obtain the maximum possible values of mechanical impulse action on the surface of the affected object. The maximum operating voltage on a capacitive energy storage is capable of reaching 5 kV and higher. Electro-pulse interaction systems are shock-type devices. Compared with other devices of similar purpose (vibrators, electromagnetic or pneumatic shock mechanisms), they have no competition in terms of cleaning efficiency.

Study of the threshing process of grain mass in the working gap of the drum deck

Purpose. Determine the influence of the most important factors on the intensity of the threshing process of the grain mass in the working gap of the threshing device. Methods. Modeling of the technological process of threshing grain mass in a threshing device. The theoretical provisions of elementary mathematics and mechanics were used, and the movement of the grain mass in the working gap of the drum-deck, which is subjected to impulse influence from the bars of the threshing drum, was considered. Results. The regularities of the flow of the technological process of threshing the grain mass in the working gap of the drum-deck, due to such most influential factors as the speed of movement of the material and the impulse action of the bars from the side of the threshing drum, have been studied. Equations are obtained that characterize the influence of the most significant factors on the threshing process, such as the speed of the material and the magnitude of the forces acting on the material. Equations are obtained that establish the share and intensity of grain threshing in the working gap of the threshing device, depending on the angle of rotation of the drum. Conclusions. Six equations have been obtained that characterize the influence on the process of threshing the grain mass of the most significant factors, such as the speed of movement of the material and the magnitude of the forces acting on the material. The solution of these equations makes it possible, with the introduction of an additional condition, to determine the influence of the most significant factors on the intensity of the threshing process in the working gap of the threshing device. Keywords: threshing, grain mass, working gap of the threshing device, threshing drum.

Hydromechanical Modeling of the Deep Initial Impulsive Action on the Hydrogeophysical Massif

The article considers the potential problem of a deep impulsive impact at the initial moment of time on a hydrogeophysical massif, which can occur during underground (underwater) explosions, volcanic eruptions, seismic events, etc. The impact of the pulse focus was modeled by a rounded source with a unit pressure, and the sink area was modeled by a line of zero potential. A rigorous hydromechanical solution of the problem is obtained with the establishment of an analytical relationship between the physical region of the flow and the complex potential based on the theory of the function of a complex variable, that is, the use of the method of successive conformal mappings with the determination of all necessary flow characteristics. Calculation examples are given for special cases with the construction of curvilinear orthogonal hydrodynamic grids, outlines of families of lines of equal heads and stream lines, profiles of impulse sources, as well as diagrams of velocities, heads and potential flow rates.