Improved Production Technologies Research Articles

Sustainable Production of Barnyard Millet through Improved Production Technologies

Barnyard millet is cultivated for food besides fodder. Millets are less nutrient demanding, cultivated with low chemical inputs, less greenhouse gasses emitting crop thus millets reduce carbon footprint in agriculture. In India, barnyard millet is a significant dry land crop and cultivated over an extensive range of environmental situations under deprived soil conditions for human consumption and for fodder as well. It has the distinct feature of drought resistance and can survive water logging for two weeks which are unique features of it. Crop has wide flexibility and lodges a special place in marginal rainfed areas because of its short life cycle. In India, it is largely cultivated in two different agro-ecologies i.e., in the mid hills of Himalayan region of Uttarakhand in the North and Deccan plateau region of southern peninsula of India. Less productivity of crop is largely due to poor crop management practices. Barnyard millet is considered of regional importance and hence little attention is been given for research despite its higher significance. Considering the significance of the crop, an initiative has been undertaken to draw out the agronomic management strategies for barnyard millet for sustained productivity and to compile the agronomic studies on the crop.

Methodological Approach to Designing Fermented Dairy Products with Optimal Biological Value.

The development of food products implies ensuring the optimal composition and ratio of the basic components, as well as their technological compatibility. A priori, the quality of raw materials, the optimal formula of the product and the efficiency of the technological process determine the quality of products, including biological value. The use of whole-cell sensors such as infusoria Tetrahymena pyriformis is most productive for screening biological studies. At present, for a comprehensive assessment there are no data on the use of simplest technology of fermented dairy products and the design of their biological value. The purpose of this research is to develop a methodology for creating whole-milk products of optimal biological value using the express method of biotesting. The research object was yogurt with the ratio of the mass fraction of fat and protein in the range of 0.36 ÷ 1.5, sucrose in the range of 5 ÷ 10%. An express method for determining the relative biological value of fermented dairy products using test organisms and an original methodology for creating whole-milk products of optimal biological value have been developed. A software has been developed to calculate formula of the product optimized for the following indicators: the relative biological value of the product, the cost of raw material and basic materials. The methodology is a tool to assist industry organizations in improving production technologies and quality management systems.

Підвищення прибутку з метою забезпечення економічної безпеки підприємства

The article considers the role of profit, which is a key direction of activity of any commercial organization. The purpose of the article is to generalize practical recommendations for improving the profitability of enterprise (through optimization and/or minimization of material, labor costs associated with the manufacturing of products, sales and management costs; improving the quality of products; the chosen cost control system; marketing policy, pricing policy, etc.). The tactical reserves of increasing the profits of enterprise (including: increase in production and sales of products; reduction of production costs; structural changes in the range and nomenclature of manufactured and sold works, services and products) controlled by managers of the highest and middle levels of a particular enterprise, and strategic reserves for increasing the profit of enterprise (access to new markets of goods; increasing profits for the sale of a unit of production; increasing the increase in the profits of a particular enterprise; increasing the quality of products) are examined. Traditional methods of improving the quality of enterprise products are generalized (improvement of production technology; use of high-quality raw materials and the materials in the course of manufacturing products; advanced training of production workers). The most common directions of increasing the profitability of enterprise, which are traditionally involved at enterprises and allow to increase the economic profitability of sales, are considered. It is indicated that the choice of directions should be preceded by comparing them with each other, assessing the probability of profit growth and risk level. The content of application and possible variations in the use of directions (methods, reserves) of increasing the economic efficiency of enterprises are considered. The authors research the directions (methods, reserves), capable of having the most significant impact on the formation of the company’s profits, thereby ensuring its economic securit

Performance of High Yielding Promising Sugarcane Variety for Western Zone of Tamilnadu

Sugarcane is an important commercial crop cultivated in over 23,000 ha in Erode district of TamilNadu state. Attempts were made by researchers and extension workers to improve the productivity of sugarcane by adopting high yielding varieties and improved production technologies. The on-farm trials were conducted during Kharif 2017 and 2018 in five farmers’ field to assess the performance of high yielding promising sugarcane varieties suitable for Western Zone of TamilNadu. The varieties selected for trial were Co 86032 and Co 0212. The study revealed that Co 0212 recorded more number of productive tillers per plant (10.4), intermodal length (14.51 cm), stem girth (11.22) and individual cane weight (1.511 kg) which was superiorly higher than the existing variety Co 86032. Similarly Co 0212 recorded the yield of 127.5 ton / ha during 2017 which was 17.24 per cent higher yield than the existing variety and 138.86 ton / ha recorded and 30.68 per cent yield advantage was noticed in the ratoon crop. The highest benefit cost ratio of 2.44 was recorded in Co 0212 in ratoon crop and 2.05 in first crop where as 1.73 and 1.86 BCR observed in Co 86032 in first and ratoon crop respectively. Considering the above facts, Co 0212 would be identified as a better alternate variety suitable for the Western Zone of TamilNadu

Методика расчета на прочность глобоидной червячной передачи

Worm gears are widely used in mechanical engineering. Recently, worm gears with a globoid worm attract a considerable interest. To improve the quality characteristics of globoid gears, their geometric dimensions and parameters, as well as the production technologies are being improved. It is also important to have a methodology for calculating the strength, which is, however, currently unavailable, and the state standards cover the issue of determining and calculating only the transmission geometry. In this regard, the development of the technique for calculating the contact and bending strength of a globoid worm gear appears relevant. The basic areas of the research are gear enhancement, production technology improvement, the gearing pattern study, working surfaces mathematical simulation, 3-D modeling, and the transmission calculation. The contact strength calculation is based on the Hertz’s formula taking into account the geometric features of globoid worm gears. The authors developed the calculation of the bending strength of the worm gear teeth based on the helical gear calculation method. The paper presents data on the influence of the mechanical properties of the materials of a worm and a worm gear wheel on the gear contact strength, gives the computed coefficients estimated values. The authors note that the dynamic load factor can increase significantly with the wear of the gear working surfaces. The research findings can be used to develop the design calculation technique, as well as to improve it to take into account the effect of transmission wear and working temperature on the operation duration.

Analysis of 3D Cobweb Economic Differential Dynamic System Based on Supply‐Demand and Price Relationships

When the supply and demand of commodities are out of equilibrium, the dynamic changes in supply and demand are mainly manifested in the dynamic fluctuation of commodity prices and the change of price will drive the change of supply and demand. This paper proposes a method for constructing a three‐dimensional cobweb economic model using the “predator‐prey” theory. Firstly, based on the intrinsic driving relationships among supply, price, and demand, a differential dynamic model of the commodity and a pulse differential model when productivity increases are established. Secondly, the differential dynamics theory is used to analyze the existence of the model’s positive equilibrium and to prove its global asymptotic stability, uniform boundedness, persistence, and existence of the periodic solution. Finally, the correctness of the conclusions of the model is verified by numerical simulation. The relevant conclusions of model (1) reveal the evolution laws of supply, price, and demand that fluctuate around the positive equilibrium and tend to balance. Model (32) reveals that with the continuous improvement of production technology, supply quantity, price, and demand will fluctuate, but all three will change periodically. These conclusions can provide valuable help for people in the production, sale, and purchase of goods.

Performance evaluation of frontline demonstration on line sowing of jute by CRIJAF multi-row seed drill in Hooghly district of West Bengal

Sowing of small seeds like jute by CRIJAF multi-row seed drill has numerous benefits over traditional method of broad casting. Under NFSM (CC) Jute programme, ICAR-CRIJAF, Barrackpore has been conducting FLDs on improved production technologies of jutein major jute growing districts of West Bengal. A study was conducted in Hooghly district of the state to evaluate the performance of FLDs on line sowing of jute by CRIJAF multi-row seed drill, one of the most important production technologies of jute.The three-year (2017–2019) results of FLDs were compiled and further analysed to calculate the per cent increase in yield, Extension gap, Technology gap and Technology index. An average increase in fibre yield (243 kg/ha) had been recorded in demonstration plots throughout the years. Technology gap had been found ranging from 6.26 q/ha to 7.89 q/ha whereas Extension gap had been identified to be in the array of2.29 q/ha to 2.60 q/ha over thesethree years. Technology index has been calculated to be in the range of 16.09 per cent to 20.28 per cent. There were reduction in total cost of cultivation (7956/ha - 12156/ha), increases in gross return (11810/ha - 16546/ha), net return (23387/ha - 27376/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (0.37- 0.41) in the demonstration plots during 2017–2019. It was proved by the FLD results that line sowing of jute by CRIJAF multi-row seed drill has an undoubted advantage over the conventional broadcasting method.

Green marketing as a tool for promoting wind energy technologies

Currently, one of the urgent problems is environmental sustainability, the absence of which can lead to a deterioration in the living conditions of future generations of people. To ensure environmental sustainability, it is necessary not only to improve production technologies, but also the use of green (environmental) marketing. The purpose of this marketing is to focus the market on products produced using environmentally friendly technologies. One of the promising green technologies is wind energy, which does not pollute the air, does not affect the climate and is mobile. The article considers the need for active use of marketing of green technologies in the field of wind energy and analyzes the development of alternative technological solutions in this area. The object of the study is wind energy as an energy industry that provides resistant ecosystem homeostasis and environmental sustainability; the subject of the study is green marketing within the framework of the concept of sustainable development. The advantages of using green marketing by wind energy enterprises are the focus on developing the brand image and reputation of the manufacturer; the implementation of corporate social responsibility in the field of energy conservation; increasing competitive advantages in the market; increasing the profitability of production and operation. The classification of wind power plants (wind turbines) according to the orientation of the wind-receiving rotor is given. The operation of horizontal axis and vertical axis wind power plants is compared. Alternative technical solutions in wind turbine constructions using modern knowledge in the field of composite materials and mathematical modeling methods are presented. It is shown that increasing energy efficiency is a key factor in ensuring the profitability of the use of wind turbines. The main trends in the development of wind power plants, both highpower wind farms and small local wind turbines have been identified. Marketing management, which can be implemented through the cooperation of technology startups and the state on the principles of mutually beneficial partnerships, is the instrument for successful product launch into the green energy market in modern conditions.  

Productivity enhancement and popularization of improved production technologies in pulses through frontline demonstrations in dryland systems

Productivity enhancement and popularization of improved production technologies in pulses through frontline demonstrations in dryland systems

Global value chains participation and CO2 emissions in RCEP countries

Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is becoming the largest free trade agreement with nearly half of world's CO2 emissions. As its members are also important participants in global value chains (GVCs), studying the impact of GVCs participation on CO2 emissions in RCEP countries is of great significance. This study first calculates country level and industry level GVCs participation and CO2 emissions of 12 RCEP countries during 2000–2017. Second, impact of GVCs on CO2 emissions through scale, structure and technology effects are studied. Third, spatial spillover effects of country-level GVCs participation on CO2 emissions are studied. Fourth, impact of GVCs participation on CO2 emissions in different types of manufacture and services industries are explored. The results show that: (1) At country level, increase in GVCs forward participation reduces CO2 emissions, increase in backward participation increases CO2 emissions. (2) GVCs forward participation reduces emissions by improving production technology, backward participation increases emissions by increasing trade scale. (3) GVCs forward participation reduces emissions in home and neighbor countries, backward participation increases emissions in home countries. (4) At industry level, of all industries, increase in GVCs forward participation in medium-high tech manufacturing and productive services industries reduces more CO2 emissions than other types of industries. Increase in GVCs backward participation in low-tech manufacturing industries increases more CO2 emissions among all types of industries.

The Impact Of Various Primary Tillage Methods On The Yield Components Of Dry Bean

In Hungary, dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has been being popular as food and even as kitchen garden crop for centuries but currently only 20% of the annual domestic consumption is produced by the Hungarian agriculture, with the missing 80% coming from import. Improvement of production technology adapted to the new varieties of higher yield potential can contribute to the increase in domestic production. In our experiment, no significant differences could be found between the yield component and yield data of inversion (2.66 tons ha-1) and non-inversion (2.62 tons ha-1) tillage methods. Strip-tillage, however, resulted in higher values for almost all parameters compared to the other two methods. In the case of yield per plant, the difference was significant (24.35 vs. 18.33-18.57 grams ha-1). As the plant density was significantly lower for strip-tillage, despite the significantly higher yield per plant, the yield per hectare results became the lowest (1.39 tons ha-1) here. From the conditions detected after emergence, it was obvious that the harmonization of strip-tillage and sowing was not perfect. As the higher yield component and yield per plant data can be explained both by the lower plant density and the superiority of strip-tillage, the repetition of the experiment is essential.

ADOPTION OF IMPROVED FARM PRACTICES IN MAIZE BY THE FARMERS OF NUAPADA DISTRICT OF ODISHA

Maize (Zea Mays L.) is considered as a unique cereal crop for its diversified use and suitability under various cropping systems. In India it is the third largest cereal crop in terms of acreage. The present study was conducted in Khariar block of Nuapada district of Odisha. Descriptive research design was followed, since the present study is fact-finding and present description of the respondents as well as the area. There are 117 villages in the selected block out of that 12 villages were selected through Random sampling based on existence of Maize cultivation. From the above analysis, it was concluded that majority (85.00%) of respondents were male. Majority (45.00%) of the respondents belonged to both the age group of (20-35) years and (36-55) years. Majority (80.00%) of respondents were married. Majority (70.00%) of respondents were having annual income more than 51,000. Majority (35.00%) of respondents were having education qualification up to High School. Majority (60.00%) of respondents were having land holding of 1-2 hectare. Majority (75.00%) of respondents were occupation Maize Farming and other crops farming collectively. Majority (80.00%) of respondents were having joint family. Majority (65.00%) of respondents were having family size of more than 5 members. Majority (45.00%) of respondents were having semi-cemented house. Majority (40.00%) of respondents were having social participation in Farmers Society. Majority (65.00%) of respondents daily used mobile. Majority (70.00%) of respondents were having maize farming experience up to 1-20 years. Majority (45.00%) of respondents were having medium level knowledge regarding Maize Cultivation Practices. Majority the adoption of Improved Production Technology of Maize was found to be high that is 75.00 percent. According to the response from the respondents, non-performance of visit by agricultural personnel time to time ranked I for constraints faced by the respondents, Lack of hybrid seed ranked II, Lack of credit facility at time ranked III, Lack of proper resources and capital ranked IV and so on. According to the suggestions received from the respondents, Hybrid seed should be available in time, Credit should be available earlier and timely, Availability of fertilizers and other inputs should be in time, Technical advice and training should be given at right time and so on.

How Patents Influence Market Value of Industrial Enterprises' Assets?

Scientists and engineers are continuously patenting innovative ideas such as inventions, industrial designs, and utility models. It is therefore relevant to pose the question of the influence of intellectual property in the field of innovative technologies on the market value of the assets of industrial enterprises.
 We analyse the dependence of the results of intellectual activity in the field of advanced technologies on the capitalization of innovative industrial production after the adoption of the developed technologies. We consider patent landscapes, analyse research publications, and study the dependence of financial indicators on the results of intellectual activity at enterprises producing computers, optics and electronic equipment.
 Our research methodology is based on the statistical analysis of the dependence of the financial results of industrial enterprises on the actual application of the results of intellectual activity to the technological process. We define the object of analysis by citing research articles and surveys from the WoS database. The patent landscape is assessed using data from commercial information systems such as Orbit Intelligence (Questel) and Amadeus (Bureau van Dijk, Moody’s Analytics) that make it possible to visually show the links between patent activity and technological trends in the computer and electronic technology industries.
 The research results shall be useful for assessing the effectiveness of employing patents in manufacturing and the prospects of improving production technologies for the formation of corporate innovative technological policy.
 We conclude that the use of information on patent trends is an effective tool for increasing the competitiveness of enterprises producing electronic equipment. The priority financing of innovative technologies ensures the sustainable development of the manufacturing industry and have a positive impact on the profitability of enterprise assets.

Thermal conductivity factor for beef of NOR and DFD grades at the subcryoscopic temperatures

Thermal conductivity factor and specific isobaric heat capacity of food products are currently the most important parameters in the development of mathematical models for food freezing and thawing and in improving production technology. There is significant variance among the existing experimental data for the thermal conductivity factor in meat. Most of the modern calculated relationships are based on the nutritional approach, which favorably differs by the ability to calculate the thermophysical characteristics of any food products. However, the calculation error at the subcryoscopic temperatures may be 15% to 20%. The development of superchilling as a way of storing meat requires high accuracy of freezing time calculation, including vacuumpacked boneless meat. In the presented article, the authors investigated hydrogen index, cryoscopic temperature, frozen moisture proportion and thermal conductivity factor for beef M. longissimus dorsi samples of NOR and DFD grades. It was found that DFD beef is characterized by 10% to 12% higher values of thermal conductivity factor in comparison with NOR grade. Using the method of regression analysis, the authors developed empirical relationships for calculating the thermal conductivity factor of meat depending on its temperature and pH level. Unlike cryoscopic temperature and frozen moisture proportion, pH is easy to measure and may be easily used on a conveyor belt for more accurate assessment of meat thermophysical properties. With an increase in pH from 5.3 to 7, an increase in cryoscopic temperature is observed from minus 0.94 °C to minus 0.72 °C. It has been shown that one of the factors for the higher cryoscopic temperature and higher pH level of DFD beef is higher water-holding capacity with less strongly bound moisture.

Ten Pillars to Determine Sustainable Agricultural Productivity and Livelihood Improvement in Ethiopia: A Commentary Note to Policymakers and Practitioners

Ethiopian agriculture is constrained by different factors such as severe land degradation and nutrient depletion, poor soil fertility, crop residue removal, rain-fed farming system, low input, and low output (productivity). Low agricultural productivity is attributed to limited access by smallholder farmers to agricultural inputs, financial services, improved production technologies, access to extension packages, irrigation, disconnected agricultural markets; lack of diversified productions.

SOLVING THE ISSUE OF MODERNIZATION OF PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT USING CYBER-PHYSICAL MANUFACTURING CONTROL SYSTEMS

Continuous improvement of the fleet of technological equipment, in the conditions of existing production, is a difficult task, the solution of which must take into account many parameters, such as mechanization, automation and application of new technologies within the concept of Industry 4.0. One of the effective methods of improving the technical and economic indicators and reliability of production is the modernization of existing technological equipment, which is based on the need to use modern methods of development and implementation of information technology, such as Industrial Internet of Things, cyber-physical production systems. The subject of this study is the testing of methods for developing additive cyber design for automation of complex industrial equipment. The goal of this article is to develop a cyber-physical production control system for the modernization of the DA2238B hydraulic press. To achieve this goal it is necessary to solve the following tasks: to analyze the technical characteristics and control system of the hydraulic press DA2238B; to carry out research of the scheme of hydraulic basic and, taking it into account, to choose sensors and executive mechanisms, and also operating modes; to develop the scheme of inclusion of the hydro equipment; to develop an automated control system based on a modern single-board computer and to develop an intuitive additive cyber-design of the operator interface; to conduct experimental research. Conclusions: as a result of research, a block diagram was developed and an automated control system based on LattePanda was implemented. Selected pressure and temperature sensors for control of pressing processes, which allowed to ensure accurate compliance with the requirements of the technological process. An automated operator's workplace has been developed, in which touch control based on additive cyber-design has been implemented. The developed control system provides: collection and analysis of production data on the basis of which it is possible to improve production technology and to provide forecasting of achievement "Lean Manufacturing".

Knowledge of Potato Growers About Improved Potato Production Technology in East Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya

The study was conducted in East Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya to measure the knowledge level of potato growers about improved production technology. A total number of 120 respondents were selected randomly from ten villages under Mylliem block because productivity, production and area under potato cultivation were found to be maximum. The data were collected by personnel interview method by using pre- tested interview schedule and later appropriate statistical analysis was done to find out the meaningful results. The findings of the study revealed that majority (61.67%) of the respondents belonged to the middle- aged group, 67.50 per cent of the respondents mainly depended on agriculture as their main occupation and 47.50 per cent of the respondents had an educational attainment up to primary level. The findings also revealed that majority (50.83%) of the respondents had medium level of knowledge towards improved potato production technology followed by 30% and 19.17% of the respondents with low and high levels of knowledge respectively.

Output response at the farm level: Maize supply and input demand in Kaduna State, Nigeria


 
 
 The degree of responsiveness of agricultural supply to input either in the short or long-term production decision is crucial in understanding the role of price and non-price factors in increasing supply. This study analysed output supply and input demand of maize production using a farm survey data of 600 randomly selected maize farmers from all agricultural zones in Kaduna State of Nigeria. Data were analysed using a modified Nerlovian model and set of input demand equations. The results showed that in all estimates (yield and hectarage) long run estimates are greater than the short run values and both were inelastic. The elasticity for lagged own price of maize was 0.23% in the short run and 0.17% in the long run were positive, marginal and inelastic. The hectarage elasticity of supply response for maize is 1.04 in the short run and 0.78 in the long run. The result of the input demand equations showed that the coefficients cost of agrochemical and farm size statistically affect seed, fertilizer and labour demand. The study portrayed that the most critical issues in maize supply are the lack of improved production technology, poor capital investment, land unavailability or poor land tenure system and poor policy incentives. The study recommends that, there is a need for State policy on agricultural research and extension, and adequate input price policies. The government is advised to dissolve the agricultural extension service system to local governments. This will allow agricultural extension system to be more location specific.
 
 

A BRIEF STATUS OF TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION IN LARGE CARDAMOM PRODUCTION AT LAMJUNG, NEPAL

The study was carried to determine the status of adoption technology among cardamom growing farmers at Lamjung, Nepal. Besishahar Municipality and Dordi, Dudhpokhari, Marsyandi and Kolahasothar Rural Municipality were purposively selected for this study. Primary data were collected by the use of pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire from 100 respondents selected by simple random sampling. The data were processed and analyzed by using MS-excel and SPSS. Majority of respondent were male belonging to Janajati ethnicity. The average cardamom cultivated land holding was 0.50 ha. 51% of the farmer were affiliated to farmers group and 54% had received training related to cardamom cultivation. The major means of irrigation were pipe irrigation and canal irrigation. Similarly, improved production technologies like shade management and mulching were adopted by 96% of the farmers. Weeding and pruning were adopted by 97% and 85% of the farmers respectively. Improved air dryer was adopted by 84% of the farmers whereas adoption of other post-harvest technologies such as grading and tail-cutting were low. Moreover, there was found to be significant association of, education level and land holding of farmers with the adoption of improved production technology. Therefore, the study has suggested need of extension services on Commercial large cultivation practices in Lamjung district of Nepal.

Application of CPLEX in beer production planning

In order to enhance the competitiveness of the industry, enterprises will continue to improve the production and operation management plan by means of reasonable allocation of internal and external resources, improving production technology, shortening the manufacturing cycle and reducing production costs. In this paper, a complex production planning problem of beer is introduced. Based on the production of beer enterprises, the production processes of beer are analyzed. The production scheduling model of beer enterprises is established, and the production plan is analyzed and solved by CPLEX solver.