Improve Blood Flow Research Articles

Enhanced external counterpulsation in cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary heart disease: a literature review

Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) is a non-invasive, outpatient, pulsatile-assisted circulation technique that has been used in many diseases, such as diabetes, stroke, and coronary heart disease (CHD). EECP can improve blood flow dynamics, vascular endothelial function, atherosclerosis outcomes, and other cardiovascular attributes through synchronous cardiac systolic and diastolic movements, thus playing a therapeutic role. EECP has been widely used in the treatment of refractory angina pectoris and plays a significant role in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with CHD. As a passive aerobic exercise, it enables new ways for patients with cardiovascular disease who cannot carry out exercise rehabilitation to perform aerobic exercise. EECP will become increasingly important as the incidence of chronic disease increases and the rehabilitation discipline develops. With increasing attention being focused on EECP, the literature has grown rapidly. To help researchers gain a comprehensive understanding of this area, this review focuses on the progress made in applying EECP to CHD cardiac rehabilitation globally, including a brief history of EECP, the working principle of EECP, etc. This review will help researchers grasp the research outline and gaps in the literature regarding EECP and will provide a reference for them in future studies.

PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATION (PNF) STRETCHING IN FUTSAL SPORT: HOW DOES IT AFFECT RECOVERY PULSE RATE AFTER HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING?

Background and Study Aim. During exercise, the work of the heart will be controlled by sympathetic nerves that will regulate the frequency of heart rate through the depolarization effect. Faster changes in depolarization effects can affect action potentials that become more frequent, so that the heart rate will increase. Stretching serves to improve blood flow and circulation, so it can help in lowering the pulse rate. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of PNF stretching on pulse rate recovery after doing HIIT on futsal players. Material and Methods. This research is an experimental research with the design of this research is control group pretest-posttest consisting of 20 people with sampling technique using population sampling. They were divided by ordinal pairing into two groups, namely the PNF stretching group and the control group. The PNF stretching group underwent PNF stretching session after HIIT session, while the control group only did HIIT session without PNF stretching. Recovery pulse rate was measured before and after the HIIT session, as well as after the PNF stretching intervention or rest period for the control group. Analysis was assisted using SPSS 26. Results. The results showed a significant decrease in recovery pulse rate in the experimental group with an average pretest value of 75.6, posttest 86.8 (p=0.000) with an effectiveness value of 85.8%. The control group showed a less significant decrease in recovery pulse rate, with an average pretest value of 75.2, posttest 76.8 (p=0.104) with an effectiveness value of 75.8%. Conclusion. So that this research is expected to serve as material for consideration, reference, and knowledge for parties related to the world of sports and health science, especially the effectiveness of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) stretching on pulse recovery after doing High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT).

Exploring the Impact of Alternative Sources of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Exercise Performance.

An increase in the level of nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in regulating the human cardiovascular system (lowering blood pressure, improving blood flow), glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, and may help enhance exercise capacity in healthy individuals (including athletes). This molecule is formed by endogenous enzymatic synthesis and the intake of inorganic nitrate (NO3-) from dietary sources. Although one of the most well-known natural sources of NO3- in the daily diet is beetroot (Beta vulgaris), this review also explores other plant sources of NO3- with comparable concentrations that could serve as ergogenic aids, supporting exercise performance or recovery in healthy individuals. The results of the analysis demonstrate that red spinach (Amaranthus spp.) and green spinach (Spinacia oleracea) are alternative natural sources rich in dietary NO3-. The outcomes of the collected studies showed that consumption of selected alternative sources of inorganic NO3- could support physical condition. Red spinach and green spinach have been shown to improve exercise performance or accelerate recovery after physical exertion in healthy subjects (including athletes).

X-irradiated umbilical cord blood cells retain their regenerative effect in experimental stroke

Although regenerative therapy with stem cells is believed to be affected by their proliferation and differentiation potential, there is insufficient evidence regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this regenerative effect. We recently found that gap junction-mediated cell–cell transfer of small metabolites occurred very rapidly after stem cell treatment in a mouse model of experimental stroke. This study aimed to investigate whether the tissue repair ability of umbilical cord blood cells is affected by X-irradiation at 15 Gy or more, which suppresses their proliferative ability. In this study, X-irradiated mononuclear (XR) cells were prepared from umbilical cord blood. Even though hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell activity was diminished in the XR cells, the regenerative activity was surprisingly conserved and promoted recovery from experimental stroke in mice. Thus, our study provides evidence regarding the possible therapeutic mechanism by which damaged cerebrovascular endothelial cells or perivascular astrocytes may be rescued by low-molecular-weight metabolites supplied by injected XR cells in 10 min as energy sources, resulting in improved blood flow and neurogenesis in the infarction area. Thus, XR cells may exert their tissue repair capabilities by triggering neo-neuro-angiogenesis, rather than via cell-autonomous effects.

Carbon quantum dots of ginsenoside Rb1 for application in a mouse model of intracerebral Hemorrhage

After intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) occurs, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and iron ion overload are the leading causes of secondary damage. Removing excess iron ions and ROS in the meningeal system can effectively alleviate the secondary damage after ICH. This study synthesized ginsenoside Rb1 carbon quantum dots (RBCQDs) using ginsenoside Rb1 and ethylenediamine via a hydrothermal method. RBCQDs exhibit potent capabilities in scavenging ABTS + free radicals and iron ions in solution. After intrathecal injection, the distribution of RBCQDs is predominantly localized in the subarachnoid space. RBCQDs can eliminate ROS and chelate iron ions within the meningeal system. Treatment with RBCQDs significantly improves blood flow in the meningeal system, effectively protecting dying neurons, improving neurological function, and providing a new therapeutic approach for the clinical treatment of ICH.

Pengaruh Foot Exercise Terhadap Neuropati Motorik Pada Pasien DM Tipe 2 Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Benteng

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by the body's inability to metabolize carbohydrates, fats and proteins, leading to hyperglycemia. DM can be associated with serious complications such as kidney damage, eye problems, cardiovascular disease, nerve damage and skin and foot problems, so DM sufferers need to take precautions to avoid complications. Foot exercise is a type of foot exercise performed by diabetics which can increase peripheral perfusion and thus prevent worsening of diabetic neuropathy. Foot exercise can also reduce the risk and progression of peripheral neuropathy because it can improve blood flow to the periphery, increase muscle strength and improve motor function. Objective: to determine the effect of foot exercise on motor neuropathy in type 2 DM patients. Method: The design in this study used a quasi-experimental approach using a one group pretest posttest design. The sample for this research was 18 respondents. Data analysis used the paired sample t-test. Results: based on the results of statistical tests using the Paired Samples t Test, the resulting P value is 0.000 < 0.05, where it can be concluded that there is an influence of foot exercise on Motor Neuropathy in type 2 DM patients. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is an influence of foot exercise on Motor Neuropathy in type 2 DM patients in the working area of Benteng Sukabumi City Health Center.

Statin administration ameliorates ischemia-induced overactive bladder with improvement of blood flow and anti-inflammatory effects in rats.

Statins are widely used to treat dyslipidemia and have been shown to reduce the risk of ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. The effects of statins on ischemia-induced overactive bladder (OAB) and the associated mechanisms were investigated in a rat model of chronic pelvic ischemia. A pelvic ischemia model was created by iliac arterial injury (AI) and a high-fat diet using male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were assigned to 3 groups: control group, AI group, and AI + statin group. The control group underwent sham operation and was fed a normal diet. The AI group underwent AI surgery and was fed a high-cholesterol diet. The AI + statin group was administered a statin for 4 weeks. Cystometry was performed for 8 weeks after surgery. Blood flow was evaluated by laser meter. Thickness of the iliac arteries was measured, and microvascular density in the lamina propria was evaluated by immunostaining for CD31. Expressions of inflammatory cytokines in the bladder were measured by real-time PCR. Cystometry showed a significantly shorter voiding interval and lower bladder capacity in the AI group than in the control group. The AI + statin group showed improvement of these findings. The AI group showed decreased bladder blood flow, increased iliac arterial wall thickening, and decreased microvascular density compared to the control group. Statin administration improved blood flow. Iliac arterial wall thickening was suppressed, and microvascular density was increased by statin administration, though not significantly. Real-time PCR showed significantly higher expressions of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) in the AI group than in the control group, and IL-6 and IL-8 expressions were lower in the AI + statin group than in the AI group. The present results suggest that statins are effective in OAB caused by arteriosclerosis and ischemia. The mechanism of their effects involves improved bladder blood flow and decreased bladder inflammation.

Enhancing Workplace Neuro Health and Productivity: The Synergy of Wearable Technology with Biophilic and Oxygenation Strategies

In the contemporary workplace, where a staggering 62% of employees reported experiencing burnout in 2023 according to a Medium article, the integration of wearable technology with biophilic and oxygenation strategies emerges as a vital Neurohemal initiative. This approach is particularly relevant for supporting neurodivergent individuals, as well as those recovering from stroke and long-COVID, in the context of return-to-office mandates. The article underscores the significance of research on increased hydrostatic pressure in circulation, particularly its impact on spinal and spinal cord blood flow during water immersion. This insight lays the groundwork for innovations like non-wet water massage devices, which could significantly aid in neurological recovery, thereby facilitating smoother reintegration into the workplace. Moreover, the fusion of biometrics with medical technology in wearables is explored, with a focus on enhancing interoception and proprioception. This technological synergy is key in activating the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS), inducing a relaxed state conducive to effective digestion and oxygenation, crucial in mitigating workplace stress. The concept of ‘Interoceptive in Water’ is examined for its potential to improve blood flow and overall bodily function. In addition, the article advocates for the introduction of oxygenation bars in office spaces. These bars would offer a dedicated environment for enhanced oxygen intake, vital for cognitive function and stress alleviation, benefitting neurodivergent individuals, stroke survivors, and long-COVID patients. Wearables capable of detecting and correcting low oxygen or circulation issues are highlighted as essential tools for fostering a more inclusive, productive, and healthier workplace, thereby contributing to the overarching goal of NeuroHealth in the professional sphere.

Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis Procedure: A Treatment Option for Patients With Moyamoya Disease.

Moyamoya disease is a progressive cerebrovascular disorder for which there is no cure. It is characterized by narrowing of and occlusions in the blood vessels that supply the brain, which causes a fine vascular network to develop to serve as collateral pathways. Moyamoya disease can lead to a reduction of blood flow to the brain and increase the risk of stroke. Patients with moyamoya disease may present with ischemic or hemorrhagic complications. Treatment options may involve medical management or surgical revascularization (indirect, direct, or a combined approach). The encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis procedure is a form of indirect revascularization in which a portion of the superficial temporal artery is moved from the scalp to the brain surface. Regardless of the approach, the goal of revascularization is to improve blood flow to the affected area to prevent additional infarcts; the encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis procedure is a viable option to help prevent additional neurologic decline.

Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Pericyte-Like Cells Transduced with Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Promotes Angiogenic Recovery in Mice with Severe Chronic Hindlimb Ischemia.

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a state of severe peripheral artery disease, with no effective treatment. Cell therapy has been investigated as a therapeutic tool for CLI, and pericytes are promising therapeutic candidates based on their angiogenic properties. We firstly generated highly proliferative and immunosuppressive pericyte-like cells from embryonic stem (ES) cells. In order to enhance the angiogenic potential, we transduced the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gene into the pericyte-like cells and found a significant enhancement of angiogenesis in a Matrigel plug assay. Furthermore, we evaluated the bFGF-expressing pericyte-like cells in the previously established chronic hindlimb ischemia model in which bone marrow-derived MSCs were not effective. As a result, bFGF-expressing pericyte-like cells significantly improved blood flow in both laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). These findings suggest that bFGF-expressing pericyte-like cells differentiated from ES cells may be a therapeutic candidate for CLI.

Differences In The Effectiveness Of Date Juice And Beet Juice In Increasing Hemoglobin Levels In Anemia Pregnant Women In The Work Area Of The Tirtamulya Health Center In 2023

Background: beets and dates can increase hemoglobin for those who have anemia. The nutritional composition of dates is that they are rich in natural sugars, fiber, potassium, magnesium and B vitamins, iron, calcium and phosphorus in fairly high amounts, while beets also contain nitrates, compounds that can help improve blood flow and performance. brain so that it can be known to increase hemoglobin levels in the blood. Purpose of writing: to find out the difference in the effectiveness of giving date juice and beet juice in increasing hemoglobin levels in anemic pregnant women in the working area of the Tirtamulya Health Center in 2023. Research method: Pre-experimental study with type one group pre test – post test design by means of relationships cause and effect by involving a group of subjects. the subject group was observed before the intervention was carried out and then observed after the intervention was carried out. The sampling technique is non-probability sampling with a purposive method. The study was divided into 2 variables, namely the independent variable, namely the consumption of date juice and beetroot juice. Results: Assessment before and after administration of date palm juice obtained a value of Sig 0.000, sig value <0.05 which can be concluded that there is effectiveness of giving date juice in increasing Hb levels in anemic pregnant women. While theassessment before and after giving beetroot juice obtained a Sig value of 0.000, a sig value <0.05 which can be concluded that there is effectiveness of giving beetroot juice in increasing Hb levels in anemic pregnant women. Conclusions and Suggestions: The results of this study are expected to provide information that giving date palm juice and beetroot juice is a type of natural food that can increase Hb levels.

Using high-resolution imaging to study the impact of the Kalogon wheelchair cushion on blood flow in the gluteal area

This study investigated how the air-bladder offloading mode of the Orbiter by Kalogon wheelchair cushion (Orbiter) affected blood flow in the gluteal region of non-disabled subjects. The hypothesis was that the cushion's offloading mode would improve blood flow, resulting in reduced reactive hyperemia when compared to the static setting, or Loaded Control (LC). Furthermore, the study proposed a technique using a high-resolution image laser speckle contrast system to measure blood flow in the gluteal area. Two procedures were carried out, one with the participant sitting on a cushion in LC, and the second, the cushion was set to offloading mode. Blood flow was measured through data imaging after each procedure. Three trials were performed, starting and ending in different cushion bladders. Customized algorithms were used to select regions of interest on the images for calculations. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was conducted to compare the offloads and loaded control values of each region of interest. Results were considered significant at α=0.05. Ten healthy, non-disabled adults participated in the study, seven females and three males. There were no significant differences among the participants. However, results showed that seven subjects tended to decrease reactive hyperemia in the offload sequence of trial when the last two bladders offloaded were the sacrum followed by the right ischial tuberosity. The high-resolution imager showed that the Orbiter Offloads helped reduce reactive hyperemia in seven subjects, potentially improving blood flow. More research is necessary to comprehend the mechanisms of these effects fully.

(229) A Pilot Study of a Novel PRP Protocol to Increase Penile Length, Girth, and Function

Abstract Introduction A study of a novel PRP protocol to increase penile length, girth, and function Intro: Various solutions have been utilized to increase penis size, including fillers, fat transfers, traction devices, suspensory ligament ligation, and silicon augmentation. None of these improve length, girth, function and are completely safe. PRP is an autologous source of growth factors. The RestoreX is a well-studied traction device. Vacuum erection devices provide a stimulus for circumferential penile growth. Nitric Oxide boosters improve blood flow and nighttime erections. Objective The P-Long Study aims to find a safe and reproducible way to increase the length, girth, and function of a normal male penis. Methods The study is IRB approved and patient consented. Inclusion criteria: healthy men aged 20 to 55 with normal erectile function (SHIM greater than 22) and no Peyronie’s Disease, previous penile interventions, or congenital penile issues. Measurement of penile length and girth were performed by the patient on an erect penis during self-stimulation at full tumescence with standard protocol and measuring instruments (transparent rigid ruler and flexible tape measure) and documented with digital images. No PDE-5 inhibitors or Trimix were used. Measurements were taken at baseline and once a month for six months. PRP was administered in the right and left corpora under ultrasound guidance once a month for six months using PureSpin double spin system (60cc blood drawn) Centrifuge technical data show an average platelet recovery of 84% and average concentration of 6.6 times that of the whole blood sample. Using this data, the injection of 10cc of PRP, assuming a starting platelet count of 250K/microliter, would contain approximately 1.65 billion platelets. Traction with RestoreX 20 minutes bid and suction with Joel Kaplan penis pump (pressure 5-10 for 12 minutes bid (1 minute x 2 and 5 minutes x 2.) Nitric Oxide boosting supplement (trade name AFFIRM) with a dose of 3 gm L-Citrulline and 1 gm beet extract (nitrate). Results 29 men have completed treatment. The mean age was 32 and mean baseline erect penile length was 5.70 and girth was 5.25. Erect penis length was 0.805 inch greater after six months from baseline (N=29, paired t-test t=13.641 p value=0.000). Circumference was 0.469 inch greater (N=29, paired t-test t=13.498 p value=0.000). Using a Likert scale, all participants reported better erectile function. Conclusions The P-Long Protocol is potentially a safe way to improve erect penile length 0.81 inches and girth 0.47 inches over a period of six months and subjectively improve function in a healthy penis. The P-Long Protocol does not require any synthetic injectables or foreign bodies or extensive penile traction. The P-Long Protocol ultrasound-guided PRP injection can be taught to urologists and sexual medicine practitioners. It does not preclude additional augmentation procedures and is potentially an acceptable first option for men interested in penile enhancement. This study provides a guide for expectations for growth for men using the protocol. The slope of the growth curve indicates possible continued growth with additional treatments. Disclosure Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: AFFIRM Science.

Cacao, the origin of chocolate, can lower lipid profiles? A systematic review

Dyslipidemia is a non-communicable metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal blood fat levels, including total cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and Triacylglycerol (TG). Dyslipidemia can lead to life-threatening complication. One of non-pharmacological treatment for dyslipidemia patient is healthy lifestyle such as nutritional modification. Cacao is a rich source of polyphenols with various health benefits. Polyphenols, mainly consisting of flavonoids, act as potent antioxidants. They contribute to increased blood flow, lowered blood pressure, elevated HDL, protection of LDL against oxidation, reduced cardiovascular disease risk, sun protection for the skin, and improved blood flow to the brain. This study aimed to investigate the impact of cacao product such as cocoa and chocolate on patients with dyslipidemia. The research employed the systematic literature review method of Randomized Control Trial (RCT). A total of 10 journal articles from the PubMed online journal system, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect were selected based on keywords using the PICO method and specific research criteria. The variables in this study included cocoa and chocolate administration and dyslipidemia, focusing on lipid profiles (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and TG). The study results conclude that several factors influence the effect of cacao products administration on changes in lipid profiles (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and TG). These factors encompass the type of active ingredient, duration, administration dosage, age, underlying diseases, patient compliance, and additional interventions.

Numerical simulation of bio-magnetic nanofluid flow in the human circulatory system

The investigation of the rheological properties of bio-magnetic nanofluid in the human circulatory system has attracted the attention of biomedical engineers, medical professionals and researchers in recent days to explore the potential of utilizing magnetic field in the diagnosis of cancer cells, thrombosis and cardiovascular diseases. The Eyring-Powell fluid model was employed in this investigation because it accurately captures the non-Newtonian features of blood owing to its shear thinning and stress relaxation qualities. The present study illustrates the importance of the induced magnetic field on Eyring-Powell nanofluid flow across three distinct geometries (stagnation point, plate, and wedge) with the presence of gyrotactic microorganisms. The investigation of different geometries provides essential information regarding their practical applications, such as the development of targeted therapies for localized drug delivery, the dissolution of blood clots to promote clot breakdown, the enhancement of drug delivery to specific regions, the prevention of biofilm formation on vessel walls, the promotion of improved blood flow, and the reduction of plaque for arterial health. The conversion of fluid transport equations into ordinary differential equations has been achieved through the utilization of appropriate self-similarity variables. The resulting equations have been solved with the use of the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF) approach. The characteristics of numerous dimensionless parameters such as magnetic Prandtl number ( M mp = 0.5 , 1.0 , 1.5 ) , magnetic parameter ( β mp = 0.2 , 0.4 , 0.6 ) , fluid parameters ( ε , δ = 0.0 , 0.5 , 1.0 ) , chemical reaction parameter ( Kr = 0.0 , 0.5 , 1.0 ) , Eckert number ( Ec = 1.0 , 2.0 , 3.2 ) , Thermophoresis ( N T = 0.3 , 0.6 , 0.9 ) , Brownian motion ( N B = 0.3 , 0.6 , 0.9 ) , Biot number ( Bi = 0.5 , 1.0 , 1.5 ) , bioconvective constant ( σ 1 = 0.0 , 1.0 , 2.0 ) , bioconvective Schmidt number ( Sb = 0.1 , 0.3 , 0.5 ) , Peclet number ( Pe = 0.1 , 0.3 , 0.5 ) , temperature ratio ( θ w = 1.0 , 2.0 , 3.0 ) , Radiation ( Rd = 0.0 , 1.0 , 1.5 ) , Schmidt number ( Sc = 1.0 , 2.0 , 3.0 ) , and non-dimensional activation energy ( E = 0.0 , 0.5 , 1.0 ) are analyzed. The magnetic Prandtl number and the magnetic parameter both show a decrease with an increase in the induced magnetic field. The magnitude of concentration increases with the elevation of both the Bio convective constant and the Peclet number. The skin friction coefficient is increased to the higher values of the fluid parameter in all three geometries. Nusselt number and Sherwood number both increase to the higher values of the thermophoresis parameter across the plate, wedge, and stagnation point. The Peclet and bioconvective numbers increase the concentration of motile organisms across the plate, wedge, and stagnation point geometries.

Retrograde distal access versus femoral access for below the knee angioplasty.

The prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in the general population is about 12% to 14% and it increases with age. PAD increased from 164 million people in 2000 to 202 million people in 2010. More than two-thirds of people with PAD are based in low- or middle-income countries. Critical limb ischaemia (CLI) occurs in 1% to 2% of people with intermittent claudication over five years. One third of people with CLI have isolated below the knee (BTK) lesions. CLI and isolated BTK lesions are associated with a higher incidence of limb loss when compared with people with multilevel arterial disease. Endovascular procedures such as angioplasty (with or without stenting) are widely used to treat isolated BTK lesions, aiming to improve blood flow and limb salvage. The technical success of any angioplasty procedure depends on the ability to cross the target lesion. Failed attempts are underestimated in the literature and failures in the real world appear to be higher than reported. People with isolated BTK lesions undergoing angioplasty by conventional femoral access present a high failure rate to cross these lesions. Retrograde distal access may provide some advantages that can lead to successful crossing of the target lesion. To evaluate the benefits and harms of retrograde distal access versus conventional femoral access for people undergoing below the knee angioplasty. The Cochrane Vascular Information Specialist searched the Cochrane Vascular Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL databases, and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov trials registers to 26 September 2022. We planned to include randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing people undergoing retrograde distal access versus people undergoing conventional femoral access (ipsilateral antegrade or contralateral retrograde) for BTK angioplasty. Two review authors independently assessed identified studies for potential inclusion in the review. We used standard methodological procedures in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review of Interventions. Our primary outcomes were technical success of angioplasty procedure and major procedural complications. Our secondary outcomes were mortality rate, amputation-free survival, primary patency, minor procedural complications and wound healing. We planned to use GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. We identified no randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria. We identified no randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials that compared retrograde distal access versus femoral access for BTK angioplasty. High-quality studies that compare retrograde distal access versus conventional femoral access for BTK angioplasty are needed.

Prognostic value of CBV index in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with endovascular thrombectomy in late therapeutic window.

To evaluate the prognostic value of the cerebral blood volume (CBV) index for 90-day functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated within a late therapeutic window. We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent pre-treatment computed tomography perfusion (CTP) and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for large-vessel occlusion (LVO) of the anterior circulation within the late therapeutic window between January 2021 and February 2023. Clinical data, the Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) based on unenhanced computed tomography (CT), and perfusion parameters, including ischemic core, hypoperfusion volume, mismatch volume between the core and penumbra, and CBV index, were assessed and compared between patients who achieved favorable outcomes (defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2). Of the 118 patients, 56 (47.5%) had favorable outcomes. In the univariate analysis, age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission, ASPECTS score, CBV index, and ischemic core volume were significantly associated with functional outcomes (P < 0.05). In multivariate analyses, age (odds ratio [OR], 1.060; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.013-1.110, P = 0.012), NIHSS score at admission (OR, 1.126; 95% CI 1.031-1.229, P = 0.009), and CBV index (OR, 0.001; 95% CI 0.000-0.240, P = 0.014) were independent predictors of a 90-day favorable outcome. A high CBV index was independently associated with favorable outcomes in patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy within the late therapeutic window. In addition, a higher CBV index reflects improved blood flow and favorable digital subtraction angiography collateral status.

Choice of Antiarrythmics Used in Different Arrhythmias Encountered in Patients Undergoing PTCA and Clinical Outcome: A Retrospective Observational Study

Introduction: Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA), is a minimally invasive procedure that opens blocked coronary arteries to improve blood flow to the heart muscle. It is indicated in angina patients unresponsive to maximal medical therapy and in ST elevated Myocardial Infarction (MI). A variety of arrhythmias and conduction disturbances can occur during and after Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (PCI), which can be risk factors for increased morbidity and mortality. Aim: To evaluate the choice of antiarrhythmics use in different arrhythmias encountered in patients undergoing PTCA and to assess the outcome. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted by analysing the data of 139 patients aged between 40 to 70 years who underwent PTCA in the year 2023. The study was carried out over eight months from January 2023 to August 2023 at the Cardiology Department of Max Hospital, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, located in Jakhan. All patients who underwent PTCA at Max Hospital, Dehradun (including stable and unstable angina patients not responding to medical therapy and Myocardial infarction cases), were included in the study. The sample size consisted of 139 patients aged 40 to 70 years who underwent PTCA. Age and gender ratios were considered as demographic factors. Computer records were reviewed for data collection. Additionally, the attending cardiologist was consulted for observations and the treatment plan followed. The outcomes were assessed at admission, after 10 days, and one and a half months for all drugs. The collected data results were analysed in terms of percentage and mean. Results: In the present study, the most common arrhythmias were ventricular premature complexes, occurring in all patients who underwent coronary angioplasty. The second most common arrhythmia was atrial fibrillation, present in 111 (80%) cases. The remainder consisted of atrial flutter 7 (5%), atrial tachycardia 1 (1%), Ventricular tachycardia 7 (5%), and ventricular fibrillation 0.6 (1%), as well as bradyarrhythmia/conduction defects in 69 (50%) cases. Drugs such as Amiodarone, Mexiletine, Lidocaine, Sotalol/Metoprolol, Flecainide, magnesium supplements, and Atropine were used based on the type of arrhythmias. The incidence of complications decreased at admission, after 10 days, one and half month, and the mortality rate decreased after the administration of all the drugs in the present study. Quality of life showed improvement. Conclusion: The most common arrhythmias occurring after PTCA were reperfusion arrhythmias, which were mostly selflimiting and resolved without treatment. Amiodarone was the most commonly used drug for both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Mexiletine was used for Ventricular Tachycardia, Flecainide for supraventricular arrhythmias, and Lidocaine for ventricular tachycardia not responsive to Cordarone. β-blockers were well-tolerated drugs used concomitantly with other antiarrhythmic drugs. The use of antiarrhythmic reduced morbidity and mortality after PTCA and improved the quality of life score.

Acute self-myofascial release modulates cardiac autonomic function and hemodynamic parameters at rest and reduces cardiovascular stress reaction

PurposeSelf-myofascial release (SMR) is a form of self-massage aiming to release tension, improve blood flow, and alleviate muscle soreness. This study aimed to determine whether a single session of SMR could impact cardiovascular parameters at rest and during a cold pressor test (CPT).MethodsTwenty male participants (aged 26 ± 2 years) underwent a 20-min SMR and a 20-min seated control condition (CON) on two separate test days in a randomized order. Peripheral and central blood pressure (BP), total peripheral resistance (TPR), pulse wave velocity (PWV), heart rate (HR), root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD), and the quotient of low-frequency power and high-frequency power (LF/HF) were measured both at rest and during a CPT before (t0), 2 min (t1), and 20 min (t2) after the SMR and CON.ResultsTime × condition interactions could be detected for peripheral and central diastolic BP, TPR, HR, and RMSSD. Following the SMR, peripheral diastolic BP, central diastolic BP, TPR, and RMSSD were reduced, while HR was increased compared to the CON. Regarding the CPT time × condition interactions could be detected for peripheral, and central diastolic BP, with lower values after SMR.ConclusionThe results of the present study suggest that a single bout of SMR confers favorable cardiovascular benefits in healthy normotensive individuals. Furthermore, SMR can attenuate the hemodynamic reactivity to a stress test. Future research should address whether regular SMR leads to chronic adaptations similar to regular, moderate aerobic exercise, massage therapy, and static stretching.

Formulation and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan composite nanofiber co-loaded with silver nanoparticle & luliconazole encapsulated poly lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticle for treatment of diabetic foot ulcer

Chronic wounds are prone to fungal infections, possess a significant challenge, and result in substantial mortality. Diabetic wounds infected with Candida strains are extremely common. It can create biofilm at the wound site, which can lead to antibiotic resistance. As a result, developing innovative dressing materials that combat fungal infections while also providing wound healing is a viable strategy to treat infected wounds and address the issue of antibiotic resistance. Present work proposed anti-infective dressing material for the treatment of fungal strains Candida-infected diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). The nanofiber was fabricated using polyvinyl Alcohol/chitosan as hydrogel base and co-loaded with silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and luliconazole-nanoparticles (LZNP) nanoparticles, prepared using PLGA. Fabricated nanofibers had pH close to target area and exhibited hydrophilic surface suitable for adhesion to wound area. The nanofibers showed strong antifungal and antibiofilm properties against different strains of Candida; mainly C. albicans, C. auris, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. Nanofibers exhibited excellent water retention potential and water vapour transmission rate. The nanofibers had sufficient payload capacity towards AgNP and LZNP, and provided controlled release of payload, which was also confirmed by in-vivo imaging. In-vitro studies confirmed the biocompatibility and enhanced proliferation of Human keratinocytes cells (HaCaT). In-vivo studies showed accelerated wound closure by providing ant-infective action, supporting cellular proliferation and improving blood flow, all collectively contributing in expedited wound healing.