Improvement In Aerobic Capacity Research Articles

Greater improvement in aerobic capacity after a polarized training program including cycling interval training at low cadence (50-70 RPM) than freely chosen cadence (above 80 RPM).

This study compared the impact of two polarized training programs (POL) on aerobic capacity in well-trained (based on maximal oxygen uptake and training experience) female cyclists. Each 8-week POL program consisted of sprint interval training (SIT) consisting of 8-12 repetitions, each lasting 30 seconds at maximal intensity, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) consisting of 4-6 repetitions, each lasting 4 minutes at an intensity of 90-100% maximal aerobic power, and low-intensity endurance training (LIT) lasting 150-180 minutes with intensity at the first ventilatory threshold. Training sessions were organized into 4-day microcycles (1st day-SIT, 2nd day-HIIT, 3rd day-LIT, and 4th day-active rest), that were repeated throughout the experiment. In the first POL program, exercise repetitions during SIT and HIIT training were performed with freely chosen cadence above 80 RPM (POLFC group, n = 12), while in the second POL program with low cadence 50-70 RPM (POLLC group, n = 12). Immediately before and after the 8-week POL intervention, participants performed an incremental test to measure maximal aerobic power (Pmax), power achieved at the second ventilatory threshold (VT2), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal pulmonary ventilation (VEmax), and gross efficiency (GE). Moreover, participants performed VO2max verification test. Analysis of variance showed a repeated measures effect for Pmax (F = 21.62; η2 = 0.5; p = 0.00), VO2max (F = 39.39; η2 = 0.64; p = 0.00) and VEmax (F = 5.99; η2 = 0.21; p = 0.02). A repeated measures x group mixed effect was demonstrated for Pmax (F = 4.99; η2 = 0.18; p = 0.03) and VO2max (F = 6.67; η2 = 0.23; p = 0.02). Post-hoc Scheffe analysis showed that increase in Pmax were statistically significant only in POLLC group. The Friedman test showed that VT2 differed between repeated measures only in the POLLC group (χ2 = 11; p = 0.001; W = 0.917). In conclusion, it was found that POL program where SIT and HIIT were performed at low cadence was more effective in improving aerobic capacity in well-trained female cyclists, than POL with SIT and HIIT performed at freely chosen cadence. This finding is a practical application for athletes and coaches in cycling, to consider not only the intensity and duration but also the cadence used during various interval training sessions.

The effect of exercise training in people with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health issue with high mortality and economic costs. Exercise has potential benefits for pre-dialysis CKD management. This review examines the impact of exercise on CKD patients not on dialysis, focusing on improvement in various health parameters. Findings aim to inform the role of exercise in pre-dialysis CKD care. A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus, up to August 31, 2023, used key terms relating to pre-dialysis CKD and exercise. We pooled randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing exercise with usual care and conducted meta-analyses based on a random effects inverse variance model with the effect measure of mean difference. Of 1162 identified studies, 37 RCTs met the inclusion criteria including 1248 participants. Significant improvements were identified for peak VO2, mean difference [MD] (2.66mL/kg/min; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48, 3.83; p < 0.00001); the 6-min walk (MD 58.83m; 95% CI 35.26, 82.41; p < 0.00001), timed up and go (standardised mean difference -0.35; 95% CI -0.54, -0.15; p = 0.0006), 2-min step (MD 57.48 steps; 95% CI 27.80, 87.16; p = 0.0001), and sit to stand tests (MD 4.55 repetitions; 95% CI 1.49, 7.60; p = 0.004); short form [SF]-36 general health (MD 4.26; 95% CI 0.04, 8.47; p = 0.05); SF-36 mental component summary (MD 1.84; 95% CI 0.18, 3.51; p = 0.03); estimated glomerular filtration rate (MD 2.19mL/min/1.73 m2; 95% CI 0.97, 3.50; p = 0.001); serum cystatin-C (MD -0.06mg/L; 95% CI -0.11, -0.02; p = 0.004); resting heart rate (MD -1.97 bpm; 95% CI -3.84, -0.11; p = 0.04); triglycerides (MD -12.97mg/dL; 95% CI -17.30, -8.63; p < 0.00001); glycosylated haemoglobin (MD -0.25%; 95% CI -0.50, -0.01; p = 0.04); waist circumference (MD -3.12cm; 95% CI -4.37, -1.86; p < 0.00001); and interleukin-6 (MD -2.24pg/mL; 95% CI -3.87. -0.61; p = 0.007). Analysis revealed improvements in aerobic capacity, functional ability, quality of life, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum cystatin-C, resting heart rate, waist circumference, triglyceride, glycosylated haemoglobin, and interleukin-6 levels.

THE PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DANCE THERAPY ON MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER ADULT WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

ObjectiveTo systematically review the intervention effect of dance therapy on the physical and psychological health level of middle-aged and older adult with arterial hypertension. MethodsThe databases including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, CNKI, VIP, WANFANG DATA, and Bailianyun Library, which were searched for the randomized controlled trials for identifying the effect of dance intervention on the blood pressure. The literature published from the establishment of the database to May 10, 2023, was collected for analysis. The quality of the literature was evaluated by the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool. ResultsThe blood pressure in the dance intervention group were significantly improved than those of patients in the control group. However, among the mediating variables that influence the effects of dance intervention, its intensity and frequency based on the improvement of aerobic capacity were found high and low respectively, while the research on dance intervention aimed at muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility remains lacking. The movement selection and arrangement of dance therapy could integrate the physical activities with local traditional cultural characteristics. ConclusionsIt is worth noting that in the selection and arrangement of movements, dance therapy can skillfully integrate physical activities with local cultural characteristics. This unique combination not only enriches the content of dance therapy but also deepens people's understanding and recognition of traditional culture. Through this comprehensive dance intervention approach, we hope to comprehensively improve participants' physical and mental health, and promote the inheritance and development of culture.

Long-Term Effects of Three Different Exercise Training Modes on Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Female Flamenco Dancers.

It is well established that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is effective in enhancing athletes' performance and improving the health of recreational exercisers. However, there is a dearth of comprehensive recommendations regarding the integration of HIIT into the exercise routines of flamenco dancers. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate how three different 10-week training programs--including traditional flamenco training (control group, CG) alone or combined with HIIT or muscular strength and endurance training (MSET)--impact the cardiovascular fitness (maximal oxygen consumption, VO2max) of female flamenco dancers, specifically focusing on the effectiveness of additional training methods. A group of 33 trained female flamenco dancers was randomly divided into three groups: HIIT (n=11), MSET (n=11), and a control group (CG, n=11). VO2max was assessed through breath-by-breath gas analysis during an incremental treadmill test. All participants, including the control group, engaged in uniform choreography sessions at moderate intensity (55-60% of reserve heart rate [HRR], 50 min/day, twice a week). In addition, the HIIT and MSET groups underwent supplementary training sessions twice a week (40 min/day) for 10 weeks, utilizing different techniques and intensities (HIIT: 80-90% of HRmax; MSET: 55-75% of HRmax). A statistically significant 19.7% improvement in aerobic capacity (VO2max) was observed in the HIIT group (p≤0.05), with large effect sizes (ES) compared to MSET (p=0.011; ES=2.423) and CG (p=0.034; ES=1.664). These findings indicate that HIIT training, when integrated with dance lessons, enhances aerobic capacity more effectively compared to traditional dance training alone or traditional dance training supplemented with MSET. Therefore, integrating HIIT into dance training programs as supplementary training may be particularly effective in improving aerobic capacity for female flamenco dancers.

Feasibility of prehabilitation for patients awaiting total knee arthroplasty; a pilot study

ObjectiveTo examine the feasibility of conducting a preoperative home-based prehabilitation program for total knee arthroplasty patients at risk for delayed in-hospital recovery, and to explore the pre- and postoperative impact of this program. DesignA retrospective cohort study with matched controls, enabling subgroup analyses. SettingHome-based. SubjectsPatients awaiting primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty between 2019 and 2020, were compared with matched historic cases from 2016 to 2017. Matching criteria were scoring ≤17 points on the De Morton Mobility Index and >12.5 s on the timed-up-and-go test. InterventionSupervised home-based prehabilitation program versus no prehabilitation. OutcomesFeasibility, determined by recruitment rate, adherence, and safety of the program. Preoperative impact, assessed for the intervention group by differences in mean values for aerobic capacity, muscle strength and functional mobility between the first and last sessions. Postoperative impact was defined as the time needed to achieve in-hospital independence of physical function and was measured by the differences in mean values between the intervention and control groups. ResultsRecruitment rate was 71 %; adherence and drop-out rates were 88 % and 12 % respectively. No adverse events were reported. Preoperatively, the intervention group showed significant improvements in aerobic capacity on the 2-min walking test (84.29 m–98.06 m; p = 0.007) and 2-min step test (40.35 steps to 52.95 steps; p = 0.014), muscle strength on the 30 s chair stand test (7.3 stands to 10.1 stands; p = 0.002), and functional mobility as seen in the timed-up-and-go-test (19.52 s–15.85 s; p = 0.031). Postoperatively, the intervention group achieved in-hospital independence of physical function earlier (mean rank 16.11) than the control group (mean rank 24.89; p=<0.01). ConclusionsIt is feasible to conduct a prehabilitation program 4–6 weeks preoperatively, for high-risk patients awaiting total knee arthroplasty. Additionally, the program appears to have a positive impact on physical fitness both pre- and postoperatively.

Interval training using a slide board is superior to cycloergometer regarding aerobic capacity and specific fitness in elite ice hockey players

Introduction: Ice hockey is a physically demanding sport that requires a combination of aerobic and anaerobic capacities, as well as specific on-ice skills. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of individualized interval training on a slide board with training on a cyclo-ergometer, focusing on aerobic capacity and specific fitness in elite ice hockey players. Materials and Methods: Thirty players were randomly divided into an experimental (slide board) and a control (cyclo-ergometer) group. Both groups underwent a 6-week training program with the same intensity and volume. Results: The results showed that both forms of training led to significant improvements in aerobic capacity, as indicated by VO2max and VO2 lactate thresholds. The slide board training group demonstrated higher effect sizes (d = 1.49, 1.62) than the cyclo-ergometer one (0.76, 0.43). Specific on-ice performance tests showed that slide board training resulted in faster skating times (p = 0.0002), suggesting a greater transfer of training effects to on-ice skills. Conclusions: This study highlights the benefits of incorporating slide board interval training into the off-season training regimen of elite ice hockey players. Slide board training improves specific on-ice skills, which are crucial for high-level hockey performance. These findings provide valuable insights for coaches and strength and conditioning specialists working with elite ice hockey players.

Identification of subgroups of patients with oesophageal cancer based on exercise intensity during prehabilitation

Purpose To identify subgroups of patients with oesophageal cancer based on exercise intensity during prehabilitation, and to investigate whether training outcomes varied between subgroups. Materials and methods Data from a multicentre cohort study were used, involving participants following prehabilitation before oesophagectomy. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using four cluster variables (intensity of aerobic exercise, the Borg score during resistance exercise, intensity of physical activity, and degree of fatigue). Aerobic capacity and muscle strength were estimated before and after prehabilitation. Results In 64 participants, three clusters were identified based on exercise intensity. Cluster 1 (n = 23) was characterised by fatigue and physical inactivity, cluster 2 (n = 9) by a low training capacity, despite high physical activity levels, and cluster 3 (n = 32) by a high training capacity. Cluster 1 showed the greatest improvement in aerobic capacity (p = 0.37) and hand grip strength (p = 0.03) during prehabilitation compared with other clusters. Conclusions This cluster analysis identified three subgroups with distinct patterns in exercise intensity during prehabilitation. Participants who were physically fit were able to train at high intensity. Fatigued participants trained at lower intensity but showed the greatest improvement. A small group of participants, despite being physically active, had a low training capacity and could be considered frail.

Results of a feasibility and initial efficacy clinical trial of a high-intensity interval training program using adaptive equipment in persons with multiple sclerosis who have walking disability

BackgroundHigh intensity interval training (HIIT) has been identified as potential stimulus for eliciting health-promoting physical activity in an efficient manner among persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). The current study aimed to examine the feasibility and initial efficacy of a 12-week HIIT program using a recumbent stepper (RSTEP) in persons with MS who have walking disability. Feasibility outcomes of interest included process (i.e., recruitment, adherence, and retention rates), resource (i.e., time and monetary costs), management (i.e., data management and safety reporting assessment), and science (i.e., safety, burden, and treatment effect assessment). We hypothesized that 12-weeks of HIIT will be feasible via meeting a priori benchmarks in process, resource, management, and scientific outcomes. The efficacy outcomes of interest included changes in aerobic fitness, physical activity, walking, upper arm function, cognition, fatigue, and depressive symptoms. We hypothesized that 12 weeks of HIIT would result in improvements in aerobic capacity, walking, upper arm function, cognition, fatigue, and depression. MethodsA pre-post clinical trial design was applied. Participants (N = 16) were recruited and enrolled in the 12-week RSTEP HIIT program who met the following inclusion criteria: age ≥18 years, self-reported diagnosis of MS, Patient Determined Disability Steps scale score 3.0–7.0, relapse free in past 30 days, willing to visit a University Laboratory for study protocol, asymptomatic status for maximal exercise testing, physician approval, and a self-reported ability to speak, read, and understand English. Measures of efficacy outcomes of interest included Six Minute Walk Test (6MW), Timed 25 Foot Walk Test (T25FW), the Brief International Cognitive Assessment in MS (BICAMS), 9-hole peg test (9-HPT), Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Fatigue Severity Survey (FSS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ), Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 (MSWS-12). Participants completed a graded maximal exercise test for measuring aerobic fitness (VO2peak) and prescription of exercise throughout the intervention. All outcomes were measured at baseline, mid-point (6-weeks), and post-intervention (12-weeks). The intervention involved 12 weeks of supervised, individualized HIIT sessions two times per week using RSTEP. The individual HIIT sessions included 10 cycles of 60 s intervals at the work rate associated with 90 % VO2peak followed by 60 s of active recovery intervals, totaling 20 minutes plus 5-minute warm-up and cool-down periods. Process, resources, management, and scientific feasibility outcomes were examined using descriptive statistics, percentage, and frequency analyses. The efficacy of the intervention was assessed using a 1-factor (Time), repeated measure analysis of variance to identify significant changes over time. ResultsFourteen of 16 participants were retained throughout the full study period and adherence with prescribed exercise sessions was 97 %. Twenty-three staff were comprehensively trained across two sites. There was only one adverse event reported that did not impact participation in the study and overall mean satisfaction rating with the program among participants was 4.7/5. There were statistically significant changes in cognitive processing speed (p = 0.002), GLTEQ (p = 0.005), and MSWS-12 (p = 0.04), but not the other outcomes of fitness, arm function, and walking. Of note, there were large effect sizes noted for peak power output (d = 1.10) and FSS (d = 1.05) despite the lack of statistically significant changes ConclusionFeasibility of a 12-week individualized RSTEP HIIT program was established and participants significantly improved on measures of cognition, physical activity, and walking.

Effects of exercise interventions on functioning and health-related quality of life following hospital discharge for recovery from critical illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials

Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze the published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effects of exercise interventions on functioning and health-related quality of life following hospital discharge for recovery from critical illness. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. Data sources We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro data base, and SciELO (from the earliest date available to January 2023) for RCTs that evaluated the effects of physical rehabilitation interventions following hospital discharge for recovery from critical illness. Review methods Study quality was evaluated using the PEDro Scale. Mean differences (MDs), standard MDs (SMD), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results Fourteen studies met the study criteria, including 1259 patients. Exercise interventions improved aerobic capacity SMD 0.2 (95% CI: 0.03–0.3, I2 = 0% N = 880, nine studies, high-quality evidence), and physical component score of health-related quality of life MD 3.3 (95% CI: 1.0–5.6, I2 = 57%, six studies N = 669, moderate-quality evidence). In addition, a significant reduction in depression was observed MD −1.4 (95% CI: −2.7 to −0.1, I2 = 0% N = 148, three studies, moderate-quality evidence). No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion Exercise intervention was associated with improvement of aerobic capacity, depression, and physical component score of health-related quality of life after hospital discharge for survivors of critical illness.

Effectiveness of exercise intervention on physical and health outcomes in patients admitted to an acute medical ward: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of inpatient medical ward exercise on physical and health outcomes in adults compared with usual care. Data sources Medline, CINAHL and EMBASE were searched from inception to 20 April 2023. Review methods Randomised-controlled trials in English that reported physical and health outcomes of adults who received an exercise intervention on an acute medical ward were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro and TESTEX scales. The GRADE rating assessed the quality of evidence to evaluate the certainty of effect. Meta-analyses were performed where possible. Results Thirteen studies were included, with 1273 unique participants (mean [SD] age, 75.5 [11] years), which compared exercise intervention with usual care. Low quality evidence demonstrated a significant improvement in aerobic capacity ([MD], 1.39 m [95% CI, 0.23, 2.55], p = 0.02) and maximum isometric strength ([MD], 2.3 kg [95% CI, 2.2, 2.4], p < 0.001) for the exercise intervention compared with usual care. Low quality evidence demonstrated no difference for in-hospital falls count ([OR], 1.93 [95% CI, 0.61, 6.12] p = 0.27) or mortality ([OR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.48, 1.23], p = 0.27). Moderate quality evidence demonstrated no difference for length of stay ([MD], −0.10 days [95% CI, −0.31, 0.11] p = 0.36). Conclusion Exercise prescribed during an acute medical ward stay improves aerobic capacity and maximum isometric strength but may not reduce length of stay, in-hospital falls or mortality.

The Impact of 8 Weeks of Combined Physical Exercise Training on SIRT3 and mTOR in Lymphocytes, and on Lipid Peroxidation

The sirtuins (SIRT) protein family and the mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are intracellular molecules that have been involved in the regulation of several biological processes, as well as in various aging-related processes. This pilot study, in small scale, aimed to analyze the effects of an 8-week physical exercise program on SIRT3 and mTOR levels in lymphocytes, as well as on lipid peroxidation in middle aged and older men. A total of 9 participants aged between 56 and 73 years were enrolled in an 8-week physical exercise program comprising cardiovascular and high-intensity interval training. The program involved three sessions per week, each lasting 45–60 min, conducted on non-consecutive days. Tests were conducted before and after the experimental period (pre- and post-training). Assessments included a vertical jump, 20 m velocity, ball throwing, and an aerobic capacity test. Lipid peroxidation (MDA) was measured in plasma as an oxidative stress biomarker. Additionally, sirtuin 3 (SIRT3/β-actin) and mTOR (mTOR/β-actin) levels were measured in isolated lymphocytes extracted from venous blood. Following the exercise training period, our results demonstrated a significant improvement in aerobic capacity (pre-training: 615.4 ± 45.3 m; post-training: 687.2 ± 34.6 m; t = −2.521; p = 0.012) and 20 m velocity (pre-training: 4.6 ± 0.5 s; post-training: 4.3 ± 0.3 s; t = −2.023; p = 0.04). Concerning blood variables, there was a significant decrease in mTOR levels (pre-training: 0.857 ± 0.593; post-training: 0.214 ± 0.097; t = −2.547; p = 0.011), while no changes were observed in SIRT3 (pre-training: 0.608 ± 0.404; post-training: 0.516 ± 0.390; t = 0.533; p = 0.594) and MDA (pre-training: 8420 ± 4615; post-training: 8800 ± 3163; t = −0.533; p = 0.594). The notable reduction in mTOR levels in lymphocytes following the 8-week physical exercise program suggests a potential role of exercise in modulating immune cell dynamics, particularly in middle-aged and older individuals. Furthermore, the exercise regimen resulted in improvements in physical function, including enhanced aerobic capacity and walking velocity.

Effects of remote coaching following supervised exercise oncology rehabilitation on physical activity levels, physical fitness, and patient-reported outcomes: a randomised controlled trial

BackgroundStudies have shown that cancer survivors experience difficulties maintaining physical activity levels after participation in a supervised exercise rehabilitation program. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a six-month remote coaching intervention, following a supervised exercise oncology rehabilitation program on maintenance of PA levels; and improvement of aerobic capacity, muscle strength and patient-reported outcomes in cancer survivors.MethodsNinety-seven participants from a Dutch University Hospital’s exercise rehabilitation program were randomised to the COACH group (n = 46), receiving 6 months of remote coaching after completing the exercise program, or the CONTROL group (n = 50), receiving no additional intervention. Assessment of PA levels; sedentary time; aerobic capacity; muscle strength; fatigue; health-related quality of life (HRQoL); level of anxiety and depression; and return to work (RTW) rates were conducted at baseline (T0) and six months later (T1). Multiple linear regression was used for between-group statistical comparisons of all outcomes measures. Mean differences at T1 were estimated with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).ResultsNo significant between-group differences were observed for all outcomes at T1. An adjusted mean difference in weekly PA of 45 min (95%CI -50;140) was observed between the COACH group and the CONTROL group, favouring the COACH group, yet lacking statistical or clinical significance.ConclusionsOur six-month remote coaching intervention did not notably improve PA levels; sedentary time; aerobic capacity; muscle strength; HRQoL; fatigue; anxiety and depression symptoms and RTW rates after participation in a supervised exercise oncology program. Although the participants who received coaching showed slightly higher levels of PA, these differences were not significant. More research is needed to identify patients in need for follow-up interventions following supervised exercise program and to investigate the effectiveness of remote coaching interventions in these patients.Trial registrationDutch Trial Register NL7729, registered 13 may 2019, https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NL7729.

Breaking boundaries: the transformative role of exercise in managing multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent cause of physical disability in adults, with inflammation-induced demyelination and neurodegeneration contributing to its etiology. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted benefits of exercise in managing MS, including improvements in aerobic capacity, balance, muscle strength, immune and hormonal functions and mood. Various exercise modalities, such as aerobic, resistance, flexibility, and balance training, are discussed, along with tailored protocols for MS patients. Recommended exercise strategies are: aerobic exercise: 2-3x/week; 10-30 minutes (40 %-60 % of maximum heart rate (HRmax), HIIT: 1x/week, five 30-90-second intervals at 90 %-100 % HRmax, Resistance training: 2-3x/week, 5-10 exercises; 1-3 sets for each exercise, 8-15 repetitions/set. The review also examines the impact of exercise on neuroplasticity, cardiovascular responses, cytokine modulation, stress hormone regulation, brain structure, and function and fatigue perception. Emphasizing the importance of exercise in enhancing the quality of life for individuals with MS, the review proposes exercise prescriptions and highlights the promising link between physical activity, brain health, and improved hormonal and immune status in MS patients. This review aims to inform future research and guide clinical practices for effective MS management.

Cardiac and intramuscular adaptations following short-term exercise prehabilitation in unfit patients scheduled to undergo hepatic or pancreatic surgery: study protocol of a multinuclear MRI study

IntroductionShort-term exercise prehabilitation programmes have demonstrated promising results in improving aerobic capacity of unfit patients prior to major abdominal surgery. However, little is known about the cardiac and skeletal muscle...

Comparison of Water-Based and Land-Based High-Intensity Interval Training Effects on Aerobic Capacity and Spinal Stabilization

The purpose of the study is to examine the effects of a two-week period of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in water and land-based running on aerobic capacity and spinal stabilization. Forty-one healthy young participants were divided into water-based exercise, land-based exercise, and control groups. Aerobic capacity was measured with 20-m Shuttle Run Test, and spinal stabilization was tested with 60° Flexion test and Sorensen test. Water and land-based exercise groups performed six sessions of HIIT program for two weeks. A significant improvement in aerobic capacity and spinal stabilization was found between the baseline and after two-week evaluations in both the water and land based HIIT exercise groups (p

Systemic Lupus, Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiac Disease, and Peripheral Artery Disease

Systemic Lupus, Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiac Disease, and Peripheral Artery Disease

Efficacy of aerobic exercise on aerobic capacity in slowly progressive neuromuscular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aerobic exercise aims to improve aerobic capacity. To summarize the evidence on the efficacy of aerobic exercise on aerobic capacity in slowly progressive neuromuscular diseases (NMDs). We searched the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science Conference Proceedings Index for articles published up to June 17, 2021, selecting randomized controlled trials that included adults with slowly progressive NMDs and compared aerobic exercise to no aerobic exercise. The primary outcome was peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) directly post-intervention. Secondary outcomes included other peak test parameters, submaximal test parameters, long-term outcomes ≥8 weeks post-intervention, adherence and adverse events. Meta-analyses were performed for the primary outcome and for secondary outcomes when reported in more than 2 studies. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and quality of evidence according to GRADE. Nine studies were included (195 participants with 8 different NMDs). Eight studies were rated at high risk of bias and 1 study was rated at some concerns. Duration of exercise programs ranged from 6 to 26 weeks, with 3 weekly training sessions of 20 to 40min, based on maximal capacity. Meta-analyses revealed short-term moderate beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on VO2peak (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.55, 95% CI 0.23; 0.86) and peak workload (SMD 0.61, 95% CI 0.24; 0.99). Long-term effects were not assessed. Most training sessions (83-97%) were completed, but time spent in target intensity zones was not reported. Included studies lacked detailed adverse event reporting. There is low-quality evidence that aerobic exercise is safe and leads to moderate improvement of aerobic capacity directly post-intervention in slowly progressive NMDs, but the long-term efficacy remains unclear. Detailed information about the time spent in target intensity zones and adverse events is lacking. CRD42020200083.

Is isoenergetic high-intensity interval exercise superior to moderate-intensity continuous exercise for cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus? A single-blinded randomized controlled study

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) with equal energy expenditure on glycaemic and cardiometabolic risk factors in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) when compared to the control. Sixty-three people with T2DM were randomly assigned to HIIT, MICT, or non-exercising controls. Individuals were trained with HIIT at 90 and 30% of their VO2peak (1:2 min ratio) starting from 8 up to 16 intervals and MICT at 50% of VO2peak, on a cycle ergometer, 3 times/week for 12 weeks under supervision. The primary outcome measure was the change in HbA1c. Aerobic capacity, cardiovascular responses, anthropometric measures, body composition, glycaemic, and cardiometabolic risk factors were measured at the beginning and the end of the 12-week training period. There was no significant difference between HIIT and MICT or when compared to the control for HbA1c, glucose, insulin resistance, blood lipids, cardiovascular responses, anthropometric measures, body composition, and abdominal and visceral fat (p adj > 0.05). HIIT and MICT increased VO2peak significantly compared to controls (p < 0.05) but not to each other (p > 0.05). Both HIIT and MICT improved VO2peak and HbA1c after 12 weeks of training compared to their baseline, furthermore, only MICT caused additional improvements in cardiovascular responses, anthropometric measures, and abdominal fat compared to baseline (p < 0.05). As a conclusion, isoenergetic HIIT or MICT did not improve HbA1c. The two protocols were equally efficient for improvement in aerobic capacity but had little effect on other cardiometabolic factors. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03682445. Highlights HIIT and MICT with equal energy expenditure were equally efficient for aerobic capacity compared to controls. Isoenergetic HIIT or MICT were not superior for improving HbA1c. Isoenergetic HIIT and MICT were not superior to each other for anthropometric measures, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors.

The effects of a moderate physical activity intervention on physical fitness and cognition in healthy elderly with low levels of physical activity: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundIncreasing physical activity is one of the most promising and challenging interventions to delay or prevent cognitive decline and dementia.MethodsWe conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of a physical activity intervention, aimed at increasing step count, in elderly with low levels of physical activity on measures of strength, balance, aerobic capacity, and cognition. Participants were assigned to 9 months of exercise counseling or active control.ResultsThe intention-to-treat analyses show that the intervention, compared to control, increases the level of physical activity, but has no significant effect on physical fitness and cognition. Those who increased their physical activity with 35% or more show significant improvements in aerobic capacity, gait speed, verbal memory, executive functioning, and global cognition, compared to those who did not achieve a 35% increase.LimitationsThe number of participants that achieved the intended improvement was lower than expected.ConclusionResponder analyses suggest an improvement of physical fitness and cognition in those who achieved an increase in physical activity of at least 35%.Trial registrationThe trial protocol is registered at the Dutch Trial Register NL5675, August 1, 2016.

Cognitive function and cardiorespiratory fitness affect gait speed in type-2 diabetic patients without neuropathy

To identify physical, cognitive, and metabolic factors affecting gait speed in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without neuropathy. This cross-sectional study enrolled 71 diabetic patients without neuropathy (mean age 55.87±7.74 years, 85.9% women). Neuropathy status was assessed with Douleur Neuropathique 4. We used a cut-off point for gait speed of 1 m/s to classify the participants into two groups: slow walkers (SW) and average and brisk walkers (ABW). The groups were compared in terms of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting glucose, systolic blood pressure, maximal aerobic capacity (VO2 max), percentage of muscle mass, percentage of lower extremity muscle mass, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, and years of education. Compared with the ABW group, the SW group had significantly lower VO2 max (14.49±2.95 vs 16.25±2.94 mL/kg/min) and MMSE score (25.01±3.21 vs 27.35±1.97), fewer years of education, and these patients were more frequently women (P<0.05). In the multivariate regression models, the combination of VO2 max, sex, and MMSE score explained only 23.5% of gait speed (P<0.001). MMSE score and VO2max independently determined gait speed after adjustment for age, BMI, HbA1c, fasting glucose, systolic blood pressure, percent of muscle mass, percent of lower extremity muscle mass, and years of education. In diabetic patients without neuropathy, physical impairment and disability could be prevented by an improvement in aerobic capacity and cognitive function.