Improved Wear Resistance Research Articles

Effect of heat treatment on wear resistance of cold-sprayed Ti-diamond composite coating

In order to enhance the wear resistance of cold-sprayed Ti coatings, Ti-diamond (Ti-MD) composite coatings were fabricated, followed by heat treatment at different temperatures. The effects of heat treatment temperature on the wear resistance of the composite coatings were assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), microhardness testing, and wear resistance experiments. The results show that the composite coating undergo no phase transformation after heat treatment, and exhibits higher microhardness and improved wear resistance. The porosity results showed that the porosity of the coating decreased as the heat treatment temperature increases. TEM results showed that stable TiC (about 10 nm) was formed at the interface between the titanium and diamond particles after heat treatment at 800 °C, and nanoindentation results showed that the heat-treated coating had higher deformation resistance. Specifically, when the heat-treated temperature rose to 800 °C, the composite coating exhibits an 80 % reduction in wear rate, primarily attributable to the decreased porosity of the coating and the enhanced adhesion between Ti and diamond particles. The wear mechanisms of the heat-treated coatings are predominantly reduced oxidative and abrasive wear.

Improvement of wear resistance of polyarylene ether nitrile composites through synergistic effect of PTFE and ZnO

Semi-crystalline polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) has good thermal and mechanical properties, but its wear resistance needs to be improved, which limits its application in extreme environments. In this work, PEN was used as a matrix resin, disc-shaped zinc oxide (ZnO) was used as a wear-resistant reinforcing filler and nucleating agent, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) solid lubricating phase was introduced to fabricate the PEN/ZnO/PTFE composites. The lowest coefficient of friction and wear rate of PEN-based composites were observed when filled with 7.5 wt% of PTFE. To further improve the hardness and elastic modulus, the PEN/ZnO/PTFE composites were subjected to heat treatment, and the wear rate was decreased by 26.1 %. In addition, the properties of the composites were investigated under different loading conditions and the results showed a significant improvement in the tribological properties. This study further confirms that the synergistic effect of the rigid filler (ZnO) and solid lubricant (PTFE) can substantially reduce friction and wear. Thus, it is a significant advancement in the development of high-performance wear resistant PEN- based composites.

Effect of the infill percentage of 3D printed Polyetheretherketone under the dry sliding condition

Sliding bearings made of advanced polymers like Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) are preferred for medium and heavy-duty applications. The high-temperature additive manufacturing process permits the efficient fabrication of lighter porous parts using high-cost materials like PEEK. Customised geometries and surface features are easily achievable using an additive manufacturing process and facilitate design for the required performance. The 3D-print parameters employed affect the surface characteristics and are investigated. The variation in infill porosity is found to affect the crystallinity, hardness, modulus, and surface roughness of the printed samples. The friction coefficient variation, wear resistance, and temperature rise in the 3D-printed PEEK samples are studied when slid against steel discs under dry sliding conditions. The material transfer between surfaces varies based on the sample's surface properties and porosity, significantly affecting friction and wear behaviour. Accumulation and strong adhesion of wear debris in the groves of PEEK samples contribute to improved wear resistance. The temperature rise in the polymer sample also depends on the infill porosity, and a reduced temperature rise is observed in porous samples, which will improve the life when used in bearings.

Enhanced Durability of Wood Cutting Tools through Thermal Cycling.

This study investigates the impact of multi-step austenitization heat treatment on the in-service life of modified AISI A8 cold work tool steel knives used in wood cutting. The knives were subjected to two treatment methods: single quenching and double tempering (SQDT) and double quenching and double tempering (DQDT). Both treatments were followed by physical vapor deposition (PVD) coating to enhance surface properties. The DQDT treatment resulted in a finer microstructure and more uniform carbide distribution. Field tests on 24 knives over 124 h demonstrated up to 130% improvement in wear resistance for DQDT knives, along with superior edge stability and better PVD coating preservation. DQDT knives exhibited ductile fractures characterized by dimples, contrasting with the brittle fracture and cleavage facets in SQDT knives. Residual stress measurements showed higher compressive stresses in DQDT knives (-280 MPa) compared to SQDT knives (-30 MPa), which increased further after field testing. The enhanced performance of DQDT knives is attributed to their refined microstructure, improved carbide distribution, and higher compressive residual stresses, offering significant potential for improving wood cutting tool efficiency and durability.

Integration of nanomaterials in FDM for enhanced surface properties: Optimized manufacturing approaches

This article presents a comprehensive review of advanced techniques for integrating nanomaterials into fused deposition modeling (FDM) processes, addressing prevalent challenges such as limited surface quality and wear resistance in traditional FDM-printed parts. The integration of nanomaterials offers potential solutions to these issues by enhancing surface properties. This review explores key methodologies, including direct nanoparticle mixing with polymer filaments, in-situ polymerization, and surface coating techniques, and demonstrates their impact on improving surface roughness and wear resistance. Specifically, nanomaterial-enhanced composites achieve up to a 30% reduction in surface roughness and a 40% improvement in wear resistance compared to conventional materials. To optimize manufacturing processes, we apply the Taguchi method to identify critical process parameters such as extrusion temperature, print speed, layer thickness, and nanoparticle concentration that influence surface properties. Our simulations and analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicate that optimal settings can enhance surface quality by 25% and improve wear resistance by 35%. The proposed methodologies and theoretical framework lay the groundwork for experimental validation, which will involve testing the optimized parameters and assessing their practical impact. This research advances the field of additive manufacturing by providing novel insights into nanomaterial integration, paving the way for improved FDM technology with applications spanning aerospace, biomedical engineering, and beyond. The findings contribute significantly to overcoming existing limitations and enhancing the performance of FDM-printed parts.

Enhancing microhardness and surface integrity of Ti–6Al–4V alloy using WC–Cu composite electrode aided electrical discharge coating

Titanium alloy can be found in numerous applications, such as chemical, aerospace, and energy industries, among other sectors, due to its excellent performance. Nevertheless, the possible uses of a variety of titanium-based alloys have been greatly restricted by their low hardness and inadequate resistance to wear. Therefore, in this research work, WC–Cu composite electrode assisted electrical discharge coating (EDC) is used for improving microhardness (MH) and surface integrity of Ti–6Al–4V alloy. By utilizing powder composite electrode, the conductivity of the electrode can be increased, which provides controlled electric spark, resulting in uniform deposition. In order to increase the rate of deposition, the terminal of the EDM has been changed as WC–Cu composite electrode as anode and workpiece as cathode. Response surface methodology is used for studying the variables including compacting pressure (MPa), discharge current (I), pulse on time (T on). In addition, microstructure, elemental analysis and coating interface of deposited Ti–6Al–4V alloy are investigated through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The surface roughness of 8.86 µm was achieved at 400 MPa, 6 A, and 40 µs. The maximum MH of 988 HV was obtained at 400 MPa, 10 A, and 80 µs. The MH of the deposited layer is around 2–3 times harder than base material. Moreover, a greater adhesion strength coated layer was ∼118 N, which permits the alloy to have improved wear resistance. It was concluded that using a high-pressure electrode with lower settings resulted in an improved surface finish, while higher settings led to increased MH.

Advancements in biomedical coatings: A comprehensive review of DC magnetron sputtering on Ti–6Al–4V alloy

This study investigates the application of DC magnetron sputtering (MS) technology for producing TiN and ion-substituted Ca-P coatings on dental implant materials, demonstrating ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 887 MPa, a modulus of elasticity of 11.3 × 106 MPa. The influence of various physical vapor deposition (PVD-MS) parameters—such as substrate temperature, post-heat treatment, deposition duration, discharge power, and bias voltage—on the characteristics of these coatings is examined. The research evaluates the advantages and limitations of PVD-MS in fabricating TiN and Ca-P coatings, with an emphasis on their impact on surface topography and chemical composition, which are critical factors influencing cellular behavior. The study reveals that while ion-substituted HA coatings can enhance cell adhesion, they may also exhibit cytotoxic effects, potentially limiting cell growth. It compares osteogenic cell proliferation rates between low-crystalline HA coatings and highly crystalline variants on Ti-based substrates, highlighting significant performance disparities. Additionally, PVD-MS demonstrates robust adhesion capabilities and facilitates the incorporation of therapeutic ions, effectively replicating bioapatite properties. The addition of coating on the substrate promotes additional strengthening mechanisms of the layers, leading to improved wear resistance compared to an alloyed substrate. Estimated values for hardness range between 7.2 and 8.4 GPa, and for Young's modulus, they range from 126 to 162 GPa. The study highlights the potential of PVD-MS in creating nanostructured Ca-P coatings on biodegradable metals, alloys, and polymeric biomaterials. This technology improves corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, chemical stability, wear resistance, and overall performance in various biomedical applications.

The effects of different strengthening treatments on wear performance of ZL109 aluminum alloy at high temperature

Enhancing strength or hardness is a widely employed strategy to improve wear resistance of ZL109 aluminum alloy at elevated temperatures. This study aimed to investigate the effects of various strengthening treatments on the wear performance of ZL109 aluminum alloy. Three strengthening methods, namely structural refinement, strain hardening, and precipitation strengthening, were employed to achieve a similar hardness level. Subsequently, the wear tests were conducted using a reciprocating ball-on-disk tribometer under different temperature conditions. The results showed that all the strengthening samples exhibited a similar wear rate (approximately 7.0 × 10−4 mm3/N·m) at room temperature. However, at 250 °C, the precipitation strengthening sample performed best with a wear rate of 1.32 × 10−3 mm3/N·m, followed by the strain hardening and structural refinement samples (approximately 1.7 × 10−3 mm3/N·m). This superior performance was attributed to the precipitation phase, which could effectively maintain material strength through dislocation pinning. By contrast, dynamic recovery and recrystallization behavior weakened the effectiveness of strain hardening, while crystal growth diminished the efficacy of structural refinement. In addition, the wear mechanisms transitioned from abrasion to adhesion and slight oxidative wear as the temperature increased.

Effects of PEO and BN-PVD coatings on the wear, corrosion, and surface properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy

This study investigates the effects of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) and subsequent Boron Nitride (BN) coatings applied via Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) on the wear, corrosion, and surface properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy. The AZ31 alloy samples were first coated using the PEO process, forming a ceramic-like layer that enhances surface properties. However, inherent microcracks and pores in PEO coatings can compromise corrosion resistance. To mitigate these issues, a BN layer was applied over the some of PEO coating using RF-PVD, significantly improving wear resistance, corrosion protection, and surface integrity. The coatings were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical testing. The results indicate that the PEO-BN coatings provide the highest wear resistance, lowest friction coefficient, and most effective barrier against corrosion among the samples tested. These findings highlight the potential of PEO-BN coatings to enhance the durability and performance of magnesium alloys, making them suitable for demanding applications.

A novel strategy to significantly improve wear resistance of amorphous alloys by immersion in NaOH solution

The application of amorphous alloys in tribology is constrained by their inherent brittleness. An alkaline treatment (AT) can address this limitation by hydrogen generated rejuvenation. Following AT in a 3 mol/L NaOH solution for 3 days, the hardness of as-cast Ti-based amorphous alloys decreased by about 10 %, while the relaxation enthalpy increased approximately 2.2 times. Concurrently, the average coefficient of friction (COF) decreased by more than 15 % under all test loads except at 10 N. Additionally, the wear rate significantly decreased by over 20 %, with a notable reduction of about 25 % under a 7 N load. The improvements in tribological properties are primarily attributed to increased plasticity and surface oxidative ability, resulting from the hydrogen absorption during chemical reactions. Thus, AT offers a practical and effective way to significantly enhance the tribological performance of amorphous alloys.

Investigation on effects of nano-reinforcement on the mechanical properties, fatigue, and microstructural analysis of dissimilar AA6061- Mg AZ31B weld joints

Weld joints have been subject to substantial improvement in mechanical durability and wear resistance in recent years. This research work challenge can be answered by incorporating nano-materials into the weld zone. Mechanical and metallurgical aspects of friction stir welded (FSW) butt joints made of AA6061 aluminum and Mg AZ31B alloys have been examined in this work, both with and without the use of naturally derived biochar nanoparticles. The biochar particle was extracted from rice husk. Throughout the whole weld joint manufacturing process, a tool with a rotational speed of 1400 rpm, a welding speed of 40 mm min−1, and a tapered pin profiled tool were employed. During the joint fabrication process, the constant axial load of 7 kN, plunge depth of 0.2 mm, and constant dwell time of 0.3 s were also maintained. In order to improve the mechanical attributes of the weld joints, different wt% of biochar such as 1%, 2%, and 3%, were applied at the interface region of the weld joints. The experimental results revealed that the percentage of reinforced nano-materials plays a significant effect in improving the weld joint qualities. The testing results of reinforced friction stir-welded joint qualities were compared to those of simple friction stir welded joints made without and with adding the nanoparticles. The best results were obtained when 2 wt% of biochar particles was added to the weld interface region. The presence of biochar nano-particles, in addition to their contribution to increased grain refinement in the weld nugget region, was also seen in the region. It was discovered that the event distribution of particles at the nugget zone significantly enhanced the mechanical and wear resistance qualities of the weld joints that were manufactured. The optical microscope was used to analyze the microstructures in the weld nugget region, and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was utilized to examine the fracture analysis of the tensile samples. The presence of 2 wt% biochar particles in the weld nugget region resulted in a considerable increase in the mechanical characteristics of the weld connections. The ultimate tensile strength, hardness, and yield strength of the weld nugget results 197 MPa, 173 HV, 163 MPa. Overall, when compared to the qualities of the base material and plain weld joints. The mechanical properties and wear resistance of the weld joints have improved significantly. When biochar particles were used as reinforcement particles during the fabrication phase of the joint, a mechanism for pinning was observed in the weld microstructure.

Directed energy deposition combined with interlayer remelting for improving NiTi wear resistance by grain refinement

Directed energy deposition of NiTi coatings has received much attention, however, its performance is difficult to meet the increasing requirements in the engineering field. In order to refine the grains to improve wear resistance, a novel interlayer remelting method for fabricating NiTi alloys by directed energy deposition is proposed in this study. The influence of laser interlayer remelting parameters on lattice structure, phase transformation behavior, microstructure, crystallographic evolution, and microhardness was thoroughly analysed in comparison. Good formability is demonstrated after interlayer remelting, while the high energy density leads to microstructure refinement and eutectic regions are observed between dendrites. The grain size decreases with increasing remelting speed, which is due to the faster cooling rate having a greater degree of subcooling with more nucleation points. The faster interlayer remelting speed shows a higher microhardness (586 HV0.2) with higher wear resistance, which is attributed to its finer grain size and significant grain boundary strengthening. Reciprocating sliding wear experiments show that the wear resistance is improved after interlayer remelting, especially at a load of 30 N, the specific wear rate is 1.35 * 10−4mm3/Nm, which is only 47 % of that of the untreated sample. This study proposes a technique to achieve synergistic enhancement of microhardness and sliding wear properties of reinforced coatings, which provides a theoretical basis for the application of NiTi coatings in engineering and extends the field of additive manufacturing.

Enhanced wear resistance of in-situ nanoscale TiC reinforced Ti composites fabricated by additive manufacturing

The poor wear resistance of Ti alloys limits its application in the orthopedic and dental surgery field. TiC as an ideal reinforcement phase can improve wear resistance due to its high hardness, low coefficient of friction, and good bio-compatibility. However, the wettability of the interface between the TiC and Ti matrix is poor, which leads to low mechanical properties and wear resistance. In situ TiC formed through the addition of a C source can enhance interfacial bonding. In this work, the Ti-graphite composites are prepared by Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). On the one hand, the LPBF can prepare various complex porous shapes according to the personalized customized demand. On the other hand, the LPBF can provide a high cooling rate, suppressing grain growth and refining grains, and also can obtain equally distributed nanoscale TiC particles. The results show that the composites are mainly composed of Ti, TiC, and residual graphite. With the increase of graphite content, the amount of TiC increases and the grain becomes smaller, and the microhardness increases from 317 HV0.2 to 408 HV0.2. Meanwhile, the Ti-1.5 wt%Gr composite has a low friction coefficient, volume of wear, and wear rate, which is attributed to the high hardness of TiC particles and lubrication of graphite. The oxide on the surface of the wear mark is mainly composed of TiO2 and TiO. The main wear mechanisms of the composites are oxidation wear and adhesive wear.

High-temperature tribological evaluation of cobalt-based laser cladded disc for automotive brake systems

This study investigates the high-temperature wear behavior of laser-cladded (LC) cobalt-based Stellite 6 alloy coatings and compares the wear resistance of the cladding layer to the grey cast iron (GCI) substrate material at three different elevated temperatures: 150 °C, 250 °C, and 350 °C. Wear mechanisms at elevated temperatures were analyzed using SEM-EDS and Raman Spectroscopy to understand the material removal processes and degradation for the discs and counterpart composite friction material pins, respectively.The results indicated a significant improvement in wear resistance for cobalt-based alloy cladding at high temperatures. Wear rates were reduced by 5.0 %, 43.0 %, and 16.0 % at 150 °C, 250 °C, and 350 °C, respectively. The LC - brake pin tribo-pair exhibited a continuous increase in friction coefficients (CoF) with an increase in testing temperatures. The wear mechanism for laser-cladded discs exhibited a combination of abrasive and adhesive wear, with abrasive wear prevailing at 150 °C and increased adhesive wear at 250 °C and 350 °C. However, at 350 °C, decomposition of phenolic resin and the adhesive wear mechanism, led to brake pin failure. For GCI discs oxidative wear was identified as the predominant wear mechanism. The improved knowledge of wear mechanisms on LC Stellite 6 against composite brake pins, is set to enhance surface modification of GCI for brake disc applications.

Exploring the potential of coal derived graphite as next generation lubricant additive for multifunctional applications

In the present study, the friction and wear characteristics of steel/steel contact under reciprocating sliding conditions were investigated using composite mixtures made from Polyalphaolefin 4 (PAO4) as base oil lubricant and North Dakota lignite-derived graphite (LG) as high-value carbon additive. The results show that addition of 1 wt% LG to PAO4 led to a reduction in the friction coefficient and wear volume by ∼15 % and ∼13 %, respectively. In addition, the oxidation induction time (OIT) at 160 °C was increased by ∼29 %, which further indicates good stability of the formulated composite lubricant against oxidative degradation. The primary wear mechanism on AISI 52100 steel flat and counter-body was found to be abrasive wear under high-contact stress reciprocating sliding conditions, where tribo-oxide films of 100–200 nm were observed on the wear tracks of 52100 steel surfaces using focused ion beam scanning transmission electron microscopy (FIB-STEM). Furthermore, cross-sectional analysis of the wear track of AISI 52100 steel revealed that 1 wt% of LG additive reduced the thickness of the sub-surface deformation zone by 44 %, which indicates higher load-bearing capacity and improved wear resistance.

Improved wear and corrosion resistance of additively manufactured SS316L by laser remelting process

Directed energy deposition is an efficient and flexible additive manufacturing technique that has broad application prospects due to its ability to fabricate intricate structures with heterogeneous properties. In this study, the laser-based directed energy deposition (L-DED) technique is employed to deposit an austenitic stainless steel 316L powder at a significantly high deposition rate. In recent developments, laser remelting (LR) has been explored as a superior alternative for enhancing the surface integrity of the components produced by L-DED. This study endeavours to examine the impacts of LR, emphasizing the improvement of wear and corrosion resistance. The grain refinement is achieved through laser remelting, which eventually leads to a 34 % improvement in micro–hardness over the as-deposited sample; as a result of increased micro–hardness, wear resistance improved by 66 % when compared to the as-deposited specimen. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance performance of the laser-remelted samples is compared with as-deposited samples by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a solution of 3.5 % NaCl solution. The remelted sample showed improved corrosion resistance, which is attributed to the grain refinement due to rapid solidification in LR. This study demonstrates that laser remelting can be an effective way to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of SS316L, which enlarges its application in harsh environments.

Microstructural evaluation and optimization of wear behaviour of vacuum arc melted AlFeCrNiSi high entropy alloy

High-entropy alloys (HEA) are equiatomic, multi-element systems that, while having several elements with various crystal geometries to form a single phase. In this study, a novel equiatomic AlFeCrNiSi HEA is prepared using the vacuum arc melting process. The resulting microstructure featured dendritic and inter-dendritic structures with formations of intermetallic compounds such as Al₃Fe₂Si, NiAl, and AlCrNi phases. EDS analysis confirmed the presence of alloying elements and EBSD analysis revealed refined grains with an average size of 1 ± 0.15 µm size. Pin-on-Disc wear test with varying test parameters is conducted to optimize the wear parameters. Signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance identified the most significant wear parameters, with load being the most influential, followed by sliding distance and velocity. The wear rate is minimum at the lowest conditions of applied load, sliding distance, and sliding velocity. The improved microhardness also contributed to the improved wear resistance of the cast alloy. The subsequent worn morphology revealed the formation of grooves, microcracks, and oxide layers on the worn surface.

Influence of enhanced Laves phase shape and distribution on atomic-scale frictional wear mechanisms in nickel-based single crystal alloys

This study aims to simulate the influence of different shapes and distribution states of Laves phases on the friction-wear behavior of nickel-based alloys using molecular dynamics (MD). The investigation systematically examined the mechanical properties, friction coefficient, number of worn atoms, dislocations, temperature, and other micro-deformation behaviors of materials incorporating horizontally and vertically distributed short rod-shaped, spherical, and short strip-shaped Laves phases. The presence of the Laves phase significantly impedes temperature transfer, defect motion, and atomic displacement in the workpiece, resulting in reduced dislocation glide rate and shorter average dislocation lengths. High dislocation densities accumulate at the Laves/γ phase interface, enhancing surface wear resistance. The short rod-shaped Laves phase, due to its large surface area at the Laves/γ interface, impedes defect motion more effectively than spherical and short strip-shaped phases. dislocation tangle, higher friction force, fewer worn atoms, a higher friction coefficient, and improved wear resistance. However, vertically distributed short strip-shaped and short rod-shaped Laves phases exhibit less effective defect interaction, resulting in increased wear and significant deformation. The spherical Laves phase, with its geometric symmetry, shows consistent wear resistance regardless of distribution state. Short rod-shaped Laves phase provides the best reinforcement due to its effective defect motion impedance, while the spherical Laves phase offers stable performance across different distribution states, making it the most suitable shape for Laves phase reinforcement.

Laser Cladding of a Ti–Zr–Mo–Ta–Nb–B Composite Coating on Ti60 Alloy to Improve Wear Resistance

To improve the wear resistance of the Ti60 alloy, laser cladding was used to obtain a composite coating containing a high-entropy (Ti0.2Zr0.2Mo0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)B2 boride phase, with Ti, Zr, Mo, Ta, Nb, and B powders as the raw materials. The microstructure and wear characteristics of the coating were studied using XRD, SEM, EDS, and the pin-on-disc friction wear technique. The results show that the coating mainly consists of six phases: (Ti0.2Zr0.2Mo0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)B2, ZrB2, TiB, TiZr, Ti1.83 Zr0.17, and Ti0.67Zr0.67Nb0.67. The average microhardness of the coating was 1062.9 HV0.1 due to the occurrence of the high-entropy, high-hardness (Ti0.2Zr0.2Mo0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)B2 boride phase, which was about 2.9 times that of the Ti60 alloy substrate. The coating significantly improved the wear resistance of the Ti60 alloy substrate, and the mass wear rate was about 1/11 that of the Ti60 alloy substrate. The main types of wear affecting the coating were abrasive, adhesive, and oxidation wear, while the main wear affecting the Ti60 alloy matrix was abrasive wear, accompanied by a small amount of adhesive and oxidation wear.

A review: Enhancing tribological properties of journal bearings composite materials

Abstract Tribology is the science of studying friction, wear, and lubrication. Composite materials consist of two or more constituents (phases): the discontinuous phase represents the reinforcement and the continuous phase represents the matrix. Journal bearing is manufactured from various composite materials. This article reviews the literature on improving the tribological properties of journal bearings made of composite materials (polymer matrix composite materials and metal matrix composite materials) by dividing the previous studies into six primary sections depending on the kinds of composite materials. An efficient method was utilized to solve the problems of composite journal bearings in water lubrication such as wear resistance, reduced friction, and increased service life of journal bearings in various applications especially in ships. The impact of composite materials, which were added through thermoplastic such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyether-ether-ketone, POM, and PA66, thermoset such as epoxy, polyester, and phenolic reinforced with fibers, and thermoplastic with thermoset (PTFE/epoxy composite) to reduce wear rate and coefficient of friction, and also the addition of nanomaterials to composite journal bearing to enhance the tribological properties in various applications were examined. The last section used metal matrix composite reinforced to other metal or alloy to give the attractive mechanical properties used to improve wear resistance and friction coefficient of journal bearing. The novelty of this article lies in the comprehensive analysis of various composite materials and their effect on the tribological properties of journal bearings, providing future insights into bearing design and optimization to improve performance.