Improvements In Upper Extremity Function Research Articles

Synchronous Home-Based Telerehabilitation of the Upper Extremity Following Stroke-A Pyramid Review.

Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability, often resulting in upper extremity impairment. Telerehabilitation offers a promising approach to deliver therapy in home settings. This review aimed to evaluate the effects of home-based telerehabilitation interventions delivered to address upper extremity function in stroke patients. A systematic review was conducted following the Pyramid Review methodology. Quantitative and qualitative studies examining home-based telerehabilitation for upper extremity function in stroke patients were included. Data were synthesized using meta-analysis where possible and narrative synthesis. Thirty studies (24 quantitative, four qualitative, and two mixed-methods studies) were included. Telerehabilitation interventions demonstrated improvements in upper extremity function for both subacute and chronic stroke patients, with varying effect sizes across intervention types. Constraint-induced movement therapy adaptations and some sensor-based approaches showed consistently positive results. Qualitative findings revealed generally positive effects, with convenience, gamification, and social support as key motivators for adherence. Home-based telerehabilitation shows promise for improving upper extremity function in stroke patients. However, heterogeneity in intervention designs and outcomes limits definitive conclusions. Future research should focus on larger trials, observational studies, standardized outcome measures, and long-term follow-up as well as qualitative studies with focus on perceived effectiveness to optimize telerehabilitation approaches for stroke recovery.

Effectiveness of Mirror Therapy, Electrical Stimulation, and CIMT in Restoring Upper Extremity Function after Stroke

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mirror therapy (MT), electrical stimulation (EMS) combined with MT, and Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) in improving upper extremity function among stroke survivors. Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was conducted involving n=45 stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation at Wah International Hospital. The inclusion criteria for the study required participants to be above 45 years of age, to have survived either an ischemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and to have at least 10° wrist extension. Participants were excluded if they had an implanted electrical device such as an artificial pacemaker, paresis instead of paralysis, hemiplegia due to causes other than ischemic or haemorrhagic stroke (such as trauma, tumor, or coordination problems), or impaired sensory integration. Participants were divided into three groups: EMS combined with MT, CIMT alone, and Mirror therapy alone. Treatment sessions were administered four times a week for three months. Outcome measures included the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale (FMA) and Motor Assessment Scale (MAS). Results: Analysis revealed significant improvements in upper extremity function across all groups. However, the CIMT group exhibited the most substantial enhancement, with a mean difference of -68.5 (p < 0.05) on the FMA and -24.1 (p < 0.05) on the MAS compared to the other groups. Conclusion: The findings highlight the superior efficacy of CIMT in improving upper extremity function among stroke survivors. Incorporating CIMT into rehabilitation protocols is crucial for optimizing outcomes in this patient population. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term benefits and optimal implementation strategies of CIMT in diverse rehabilitation settings

Bimanual Arm Trainer Versus Traditional Occupational Therapy Services in Upper Extremity Function.

Upper extremity (UE) dysfunction resulting from stroke significantly affects a person's ability to complete self-care activities, consequently diminishing functional independence. Effective interventions that improve UE function in persons with stroke are needed. To explore the effectiveness of the Bimanual Arm Trainer (BAT) compared with traditional occupational therapy treatment sessions (i.e., a control group) on improving UE function after acute ischemic stroke. Clinical trial, two-group, nonrandomized repeated-measures design. Inpatient rehabilitation facility. Twenty-seven persons with ischemic stroke and an Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) score ≤17. Minimum of three 10-min sessions on the BAT. ARAT, Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Recovery after Stroke (FMA-UE). Both the intervention and control groups showed significant improvement on the ARAT from evaluation to discharge (main effect of time: p = .02). There was no statistically significant main effect of group and no significant Time × Group interaction (p = .63). FMA-UE scores also improved significantly in the intervention group from evaluation to discharge (p < .001). FMA-UE scores were not available for the control group. Both the intervention and control groups demonstrated significant improvements in UE function from evaluation to discharge. There were no statistically significant differences between groups, indicating that the BAT results in similar improvements in UE function, as would be expected in traditional occupational therapy. Further research is warranted to examine additional BAT programs, use different outcome measures, and assess participants over a longer time span. Plain-Language Summary: The Bimanual Arm Trainer (BAT) is a novel device that can be used in occupational therapy to improve arm function among stroke patients. There is limited research on BAT's effectiveness in improving arm function among stroke patients. In an acute inpatient rehabilitation setting, we compared outcome scores of patients who received traditional occupational therapy services with those who also used the BAT. Both groups achieved significant improvements in arm function from evaluation to discharge. We found that the addition of the BAT interventions did not significantly affect the outcome measure scores for either group. We conclude that more research is needed to examine additional BAT programs, use different outcome measures, and assess participants over a longer period of time.

Minimally invasive needle tenotomy vs. platelet rich plasma injection in the treatment of chronic elbow epicondylitis

BackgroundMedial and lateral epicondylitis, characterized by repetitive microtraumas to common flexor and extensor tendons respectively, are common causes of elbow pain in adults. Though symptoms generally are self-limiting, 10% of cases are refractory to conservative management, persisting for greater than 18 months and leading to surgery, which can have increased risk of complications. There is minimal data on sustained pain relief and functional benefit for newer non-surgical management options such as minimally invasive needle tenotomy (MINT) via Tenjet and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for chronic elbow epicondylitis. Additionally, no previously established correlation exists between MRI severity of chronic epicondylitis with pain and functional improvement in MINT and PRP-treated patients. MethodsA retrospective review of 51 adults (n=23 for Tenjet; n=28 for PRP) was conducted to investigate long-term outcomes in pain relief (via Visual Analog Scale or VAS) and improvements in upper extremity function (via Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire or qDASH). These outcomes were correlated with radiographic evidence of epicondylitis severity, assessed by grade of epicondylitis and percentage thickness of tendon tears. ResultsThere were significant improvements in pain (VAS) but no significant differences in function (qDASH) following MINT and PRP. On average, VAS score improved by 2.6 (p<0.001) post-Tenjet and by 3.8 (p<0.001) post-PRP, combined for all follow-up time points. No adverse events were reported over the entire study. A significantly higher percentage of patient-reported pain relief was noted post-Tenjet at all follow-up time points. VAS and qDASH outcomes post-Tenjet and post-PRP were not correlated with initial MRI severity of epicondylitis. ConclusionsThere are multifactorial benefits of both Tenjet and PRP as safe, non-open surgical modalities that can be used, despite MRI severity, to provide sustained pain relief for patients with refractory elbow epicondylitis.

Fast and Fun: A Pilot Feasibility Study Using Dual Joystick-Operated Ride-on Toys for Upper Extremity Rehabilitation in Children with Hemiplegia

Aim Our study investigates the feasibility and utility of implementing a dual joystick-operated ride-on-toy navigation training (RNT) program within a 3-week intensive camp based on principles of modified constraint-induced movement therapy and bimanual training, to improve upper extremity (UE) function in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP). Methods We employed a single-group pretest posttest, mixed methods study design. Eleven 4-to-10-year-old children with UCP received RNT as part of camp activities. Sessions required children to use both arms together for navigation and completing gross and fine motor UE challenges. We collected exit questionnaires from children, caregivers, and clinicians to assess the feasibility, acceptance, enjoyment, and perceived efficacy of RNT. Videos of training sessions were coded using Datavyu behavioral coding software to assess children’s facial expressions and affective states, indicative of their level of engagement during intervention sessions. Results We found high levels of child engagement during RNT sessions based on video data and stakeholder feedback. The RNT program was smoothly integrated into the camp. Stakeholders acknowledged the highly motivating nature of RNT. When combined with other camp activities, the program led to stakeholder-reported improvements in bimanual skills and spontaneous daily use of the affected UE. Conclusions Our pilot study provides promising evidence for using joystick-operated ride-on toys as engaging therapy adjuncts. Our findings call for future studies to systematically assess the efficacy of these devices in improving UE function among children with UCP.

Improvement of Upper Extremity Function and Leisure Satisfaction of Children with Brain Lesions through Sports Stacking Activities: A Case Study

Improvement of Upper Extremity Function and Leisure Satisfaction of Children with Brain Lesions through Sports Stacking Activities: A Case Study

Efficacy of Kinesiotape to Improve Upper-Extremity Function in Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the primary causes of physical disabilities in children that affects posture and movement. Upper-extremity (UE) function is frequently impaired, which may result in activity and participation limitations in people with CP. The use of kinesiotape (KT) has increased in the treatment of CP for various purposes. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of KT for improving UE function in children and adolescents with CP. The literature search was carried out in PubMed, Cochrane, PEDro, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases. The methodological quality was analyzed with the PEDro scale. Review Manager (RevMan 5.4.1) was used for data extraction and risk of bias assessment. A total of five randomized clinical trials were included. The use of KT showed improvement in UE functionality in three studies, with significant outcomes for range of motion (ROM) (three studies), fine motor skills (two studies), grip strength (one study) and manual dexterity (one study). Moreover, it also showed significant improvements in spasticity and gross motor function (one study). Overall, methodological quality was moderate, and the risk of bias was high in the domains related to blinding. The use of KT showed improvement in UE function in children and adolescents with CP. However, further research is needed to reinforce the conclusions on the efficacy of KT as a therapeutic tool.

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation with task-oriented training improves upper extremity function in patients with subacute stroke: a randomized clinical trial.

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has emerged as a promising brain stimulation modality in poststroke upper extremity rehabilitation. Although several studies have examined the safety and reliability of taVNS, the mechanisms underlying motor recovery in stroke patients remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of taVNS paired with task-oriented training (TOT) on upper extremity function in patients with subacute stroke and explore the potential underlying mechanisms. In this double-blinded, randomized, controlled pilot trial, 40 patients with subacute stroke were randomly assigned to two groups: the VNS group (VG), receiving taVNS during TOT, and the Sham group (SG), receiving sham taVNS during TOT. The intervention was delivered 5 days per week for 4 weeks. Upper extremity function was measured using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT). Activities of daily living were measured by the modified Barthel Index (MBI). Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were measured to evaluate cortical excitability. Assessments were administered at baseline and post-intervention. Additionally, the immediate effect of taVNS was detected using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and heart rate variability (HRV) before intervention. The VG showed significant improvements in upper extremity function (FMA-UE, ARAT) and activities of daily living (MBI) compared to the SG at post-intervention. Furthermore, the VG demonstrated a higher rate of elicited ipsilesional MEPs and a shorter latency of MEPs in the contralesional M1. In the VG, improvements in FMA-UE were significantly associated with reduced latency of contralesional MEPs. Additionally, fNIRS revealed increased activation in the contralesional prefrontal cortex and ipsilesional sensorimotor cortex in the VG in contrast to the SG. However, no significant between-group differences were found in HRV. The combination of taVNS with TOT effectively improves upper extremity function in patients with subacute stroke, potentially through modulating the bilateral cortex excitability to facilitate task-specific functional recovery.

The effects of improvement in upper extremity function on gait and balance in children with upper extremity affected

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the effects of functional improvement in the upper extremity on gait and balance in children with upper extremity affected. Research questionWhat are the effects of functional improvement in the upper extremity on gait and balance in children with upper extremity affected? MethodsEighteen children with a diagnosis of rheumatologic diseases and 15 healthy children were evaluated with Shriners Hospital Upper Extremity Assessment, Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test, Abilhand Rheumatoid Arthritis Scale, 10-meter walk test and Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire. For static balance assessment, the Biodex Balance was used. Ground reaction forces (peak forces (heel strike and push-off) and minimum force (loading response), single-limb support duration, Center-of-Force displacement and walking speed were evaluated with the Sensor Medica. Arm swing was evaluated with the Kinovea 2D motion analysis. ResultsBefore treatment, single-limb support duration and push-off force was higher and center-of-force displacement was lower on affected side compared to unaffected side in rheumatologic group. After the 6-week rehabilitation program, upper extremity function, quality of life and functional gait score improved. Single-limb support duration decreased on affected side and increased on unaffected side. On affected side, push-off force decreased. The arm swing parameters were similar before and after treatment. SignificanceImproving upper extremity function can help with gait balance by decreasing the difference in walking and balance parameters between the affected and unaffected sides and providing for more symmetrical weight transfer.

Neurorehabilitation of the upper extremity - immersive virtual reality vs. electromechanically assisted training. A comparative study.

Severe paresis of the contralesional upper extremity is one of the most common and debilitating post-stroke impairments. The need for cost-effective high-intensity training is driving the development of new technologies, which can complement and extent conventional therapies. Apart from established methods using electromechanical devices, immersive virtual reality (iVR) systems hold promise to provide cost-efficient high-intensity arm training. We investigated whether iVR-based arm training yields at least equivalent effects on upper extremity function as compared to an electromechanically assisted training in stroke patients with severe arm paresis. 52 stroke patients with severe arm paresis received a total of ten daily group therapy sessions over a period of three weeks, which consisted of 20 min of conventional therapy and 20 min of either electromechanically assisted (ARMEOSpring®) or iVR-based (CUREO®) arm training. Changes in upper extremity function was assessed using the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) and user acceptance was measured with the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). iVR-based training was not inferior to electromechanically assisted training. We found that 84% of patients treated with iVR and 50% of patients treated with electromechanically assisted arm training showed a clinically relevant improvement of upper extremity function. This difference could neither be attributed to differences between the groups regarding age, gender, duration after stroke, affected body side or ARAT scores at baseline, nor to differences in the total amount of therapy provided. The present study results show that iVR-based arm training seems to be a promising addition to conventional therapy. Potential mechanisms by which iVR unfolds its effects are discussed.

Responsiveness of the Arabic Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand in Patients with Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders.

This study aimed to examine the responsiveness of the Arabic Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand short version (Quick-DASH) in patients with upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders. Participants with upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (N = 88) under physical therapy care were assessed at initial visit and later at a follow-up visit, and they completed the Arabic Quick-DASH, DASH, Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Global Assessment of Function (GAF), and the Global Rating of Change Scale (GRC). Responsiveness of the Arabic Quick-DASH was assessed by examining six pre-defined hypotheses. Consistent with the pre-defined hypotheses, the Arabic Quick-DASH changes scores exhibited significant positive correlation with the change in DASH (r = 0.98), GAF (r = 0.67), NPRS (r = 0.72), and the GRC (r = 0.78). As hypothesized, the Arabic Quick-DASH showed a large effect size above the pre-determined level (ES = 1.61, SRM = 1.49) in patients who reported improved upper extremity function. The Arabic Quick-DASH change score discriminated between patients who reported improvement versus no improvement in upper extremity function (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.90). The results supported 100% (six out of six) of the pre-defined hypotheses. The Arabic Quick-DASH demonstrated sufficient responsiveness where all the pre-defined hypotheses were supported, leading to the established validity of the Arabic Quick-DASH change score as a measure of change in upper extremity function and symptoms. The minimal importance change in the Arabic Quick-DASH needs to be determined in future studies.

Traditional umbrella painting activity improved upper extremity function and decreased depression in stroke survivors in Northern Thailand

Background: Upper extremity (UE) dysfunction and depression often occur after a stroke. Strategies to promote UE function and reduce depression require task-related training. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of conventional rehabilitation combined with traditional umbrella painting activity on UE function and depression in stroke survivors. Materials and methods: Twenty-two participants from rehabilitation units in Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand, were recruited according to the inclusion criteria and divided into experimental and control groups of 11 each. The experimental group received conventional rehabilitation combined with traditional umbrella painting activity for 140 minutes a day, three days a week, for a period of eight weeks, while the control group received conventional rehabilitation alone for the same amount of time. The instruments used were: 1) the Functional Test for Hemiplegic Upper Extremity (FTHUE) - Thai version; and 2) the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)-Thai version. Statistics used were the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The UE function was significantly higher at the post-test than at the pretest (p&lt;0.004) with a large effect size (d=1.59), and depression was significantly reduced at the post-test compared to the pre-test (p&lt;0.003) with a large effect size (d=1.62), whereas the control group did not change. However, the function of UE and depression in these participants were not significantly different between the two groups both before and after the intervention (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Findings indicate that conventional rehabilitation combined with traditional umbrella painting activity appears to be more effective for improving UE function and decreasing depression in stroke survivors than conventional rehabilitation alone. This can be an alternative treatment for occupational therapists in their clinical practices.

Spinraza in Adults with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SAS) – 14 month results (S33.010)

Spinraza in Adults with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SAS) – 14 month results (S33.010)

Comparison of immersive and non-immersive virtual reality for upper extremity functional recovery in patients with stroke: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

This systematic review aimed to compare the effects of immersive and non-immersive virtual reality on upper extremity function in stroke survivors by employing a network meta-analysis approach. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Plus, APA PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched. Virtual reality was used for upper extremity rehabilitation; dose-matched conventional rehabilitation was used for comparison. Fugl-Meyer Assessment was used to assess upper extremity function. Searches were limited to English language randomized controlled trials. Two independent reviewers conducted study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. Methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. A random-effects frequentist network meta-analysis was conducted by assuming a common random-effects standard deviation for all comparisons in the network. Twenty randomized controlled trials with 813 participants were included, with each study evaluated as good quality. Immersive virtual reality systems were most effective at improving upper extremity function, followed by non-immersive virtual reality systems, then non-immersive gaming consoles of Microsoft Kinect and Nintendo Wii. Conventional rehabilitation was least effective. Immersive virtual reality was estimated to induce 1.39 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25, 2.53) and 1.38 (95% CI: 0.55, 2.20) standard mean differences of improvements in upper extremity function, compared to Nintendo Wii intervention and conventional rehabilitation, respectively. This systematic review and network meta-analysis highlights the superior effects of immersive virtual reality to non-immersive virtual reality systems and gaming consoles on upper extremity motor recovery.

Combined Effect of Constraint Induced Movement Therapy and Neural Mobilization Technique on Upper Extremity Function in Spastic Hemiplegic Patient – A Single Case Study

Purpose: A single case study was performed carried to understand the benefit of constraint movement therapy and neural mobilization technique and neural mobilization technique on upper extremity function in spastic hemiplegic patient. Design/Methodology/Approach: Numerous advanced researches have been done throughout the world in various study designs including systematic reviews and randomized control trials to analyse the significance of constraint induced movement therapy or neural mobilization technique on upper extremity function spastic hemiplegic patients. But there were very limited research publications on the combined effect of both in the improvement of upper extremity function. In this single case study combined intervention of constrained induced movement therapy and neural mobilization therapy was given to the patient to measure the effect in the form of functional arm reach distance of affected upper extremity. Data was recorded, kept for analysis and reported. The respondent of this single case study was patient encountered with left side hemiplegia with spastic upper extremity. Finding/Result: This case study shown significant improvement in the outcome of modified ashworth scale grades and upper extremity functional arm reach distance in spastic hemiplegic patient after intervention of combined movement of constrained induced movement therapy with neural mobilization for 24 weeks. Originality/Value: Constrained Induced Movement Therapy for improving hand functions in stroke treatment. Paper Type: Case Study Research

필라테스가 유방암 환자의 상지 기능, 림프부종, 우울증, 삶의 질에 미치는 영향 : 체계적 고찰연구

Background: Breast Cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Considering the lifestyle of women with breast cancer, Pilates may be beneficial as a complementary intervention to standard therapeutic exercise. However, few recommendations are available with guidelines for Pilates programs for breast cancer survivors. Objective: This study aims to systematically review previous studies to assess the effects of Pilates on upper extremity function, lymphedema, depression, and quality of life compared to those with other forms of exercise and standard treatment for women with breast cancer. Method: We searched the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Medline via Pubmed for relevant publications through March 2022. The keywords “breast cancer” and “Pilates” were used as keywords, and randomized controlled trials and single-subject studies were included. Results: Thirteen studies were reviewed. Our results show that improvements in the Pilates groups were better than those in groups engaging in home-based exercise or no exercise at all. The Pilates groups showed improvements in upper extremity function including muscle strength, flexibility, and range of motion, as well as improvements in the quality of life score, and reductions in the severity of lymphedema that were greater than other groups. Conclusion: Pilates can complement traditional treatment programs as a safe model. This systematic review provides valuable information for further studies.

Virtual Reality-Based Rehabilitation as a Feasible and Engaging Tool for the Management of Chronic Poststroke Upper-Extremity Function Recovery: Randomized Controlled Trial.

BackgroundA growing number of stroke survivors are left with little to no rehabilitation services upon discharge from stroke rehabilitation, although arm deficits may persist or develop from disuse once rehabilitation services have ceased. Virtual reality (VR)–based rehabilitation, combined with new technologies such as telerehabilitation, including serious games using VR environments that encourage users to practice functional movements from home with minimal supervision, may have an important role to play in optimizing and maintaining upper extremity (UE) function.ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study is to determine the extent to which a 1-month intervention using a VR-based serious game is effective in improving UE function compared with an evidence-based home exercise program. A secondary objective is to assess the feasibility of implementing the intervention for chronic stroke rehabilitation in participants’ homes.MethodsA total of 51 chronic stroke participants were randomized to treatment (n=26, 51%; Jintronix system) or standard care (n=25, 49%; standardized Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program kit home program) groups. The participants were evaluated at baseline (before), immediately after the intervention (after), and at follow-up (4 weeks). The primary outcome measure was the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for UE (FMA-UE). Secondary outcome measures included the Stroke Impact Scale and an abridged version of the Motor Activity Log-14. Self-reported number of sessions was logged for the standard care group.ResultsNo statistically significant differences between groups were found across measures. Overall time effects were found for the FMA-UE (P=.045), specifically between preintervention and postintervention time points for both groups (P=.03). A total of 9 participants in the treatment group reached or surpassed the minimal clinically important difference in scores for the FMA-UE, with 7 (78%) of them having baseline low or moderate arm function, compared with 3 (33%) participants in the standard care group. Furthermore, 56% (9/16) of the participants in the treatment group who actively engaged with the system reached the minimal clinically important difference for the FMA-UE, compared with none for the 0% (0/10) less-active participants.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that UE training for chronic stroke survivors using virtual rehabilitation in their home may be as effective as a gold standard home exercise program and that those who used the system the most achieved the greatest improvement in UE function, indicating its relevance to being included as part of ongoing rehabilitation services.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02491203; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02491203International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.1016/j.cct.2015.12.006

Digital and Interactive Health Interventions Minimize the Physical and Psychological Impact of Breast Cancer, Increasing Women's Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Simple SummaryThe development of digital and virtual devices for therapeutic purposes has been widely studied in recent years. There is a growing scientific interest in analyzing the effects of digital and interactive health interventions (DIHIs) in the management of different neurological and musculoskeletal pathologies, as well as breast cancer (BC). DIHIs include the use of a wide variety of virtual reality devices, as well as smartphone apps and games, to reduce the impact of BC signs and symptoms on women. In the present review, we assessed the effect of DIHIs, in comparison to conventional interventions or usual care, on improving the motor control and function of the upper extremities affected by lymphedema after BC surgery, including pain, anxiety, depression, and different dimensions of quality of life. In addition, we investigated which type of DIHI was more useful for women with BC: virtual reality devices or smartphone apps.Digital and interactive health interventions (DIHIs), such as virtual-reality-based therapy (VRBT) and smartphone-app-based therapy (SABT), may be useful for reducing the impact of the signs and symptoms of breast cancer (BC) in women. The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the effect of DIHIs on improving pain, anxiety, depression, quality of life (QoL), and upper extremity (UE) disability-related lymphedema in women with BC. Methods: We searched PubMed Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, and SciELO for the period ending February 2022. We included studies that assessed the effect of DIHIs on UE motor disability, pain, anxiety, depression, and QoL in women with BC. The effect size was calculated using Cohen’s standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: Twenty studies providing data from 1613 women with BC were included. With respect to UE disability, DIHIs increased flexion (SMD, 1.92; 95%CI: −1.16, 2.68), abduction (SMD, 1.66; 95%CI: 0.91, 2.42), external rotation shoulder range of motion (SMD, 1.1; 95%CI: 0.36, 1.85), UE function (SMD, −0.72; 95%CI: −1.31, −0.13), and handgrip strength (SMD, 0.4; 95%CI: 0.21, 0.59). DIHIs reduced pain (SMD, −0.8; 95%CI: −1.31, −0.26), anxiety (SMD, −1.02; 95%CI: −1.71, −0.34), and depression (SMD, −1.57; 95%CI: −3.1, −0.08). Finally, DIHIs increased overall health (SMD, 0.6; 95%CI: 0.31, 0.89). Conclusions: Right at the end of therapy, DIHIs are effective at improving UE function, pain, anxiety, depression, and QoL in women with BC. VRBT has a greater effect than SABT for the assessed outcomes.

Surgery to restore upper extremity function in tetraplegia-Preferences for early and frequent access to information.

People with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) identify improving upper extremity (UE) function as a top priority. In addition to comprehensive rehabilitation, UE surgeries, including nerve and tendon transfers, enhance function. However, barriers exist to disseminating information about surgical options to enhance UE function. To assess the experiences and preferences of people with cervical SCI and their caregivers in accessing information about surgery to enhance UE function. Prospective cohort study. Participants were followed up for 24 months and completed up to three interviews. Tertiary care at academic and affiliated Veterans Administration Health Care Centers. Adults with cervical SCI (n=35) ages 18 to 80 years with mid-cervical SCI American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A, B, or C (at least 6 months post-injury) and their caregivers (n=23) were eligible to participate. Participants were enrolled in three groups: nerve transfer, tendon transfer, or no UE reconstructive surgery. Not applicable. Semi-structured interviews about surgical knowledge and experiences. Data were analyzed and three themes were identified. First, providing information about UE surgical options early post-injury was recommended. The acute or inpatient rehabilitation phases of recovery were the preferred times to receive surgical information. Second, challenges with information dissemination were identified. Participants learned about UE surgery through independent research, medical provider interactions, or peers. Third, peers were identified as valuable resources for SCI needs and surgical information. Following cervical SCI, information about UE reconstructive surgeries should be a standard component of education during rehabilitation. An increased understanding of the reconstructive options available to improve UE function is necessary to educate stakeholders. Future research is needed to support the development of strategies to effectively present surgical information to individuals with SCI and health care providers.

Functional Implications of Motor Evoked Potential Operant Conditioning of Wrist Extensors in an Individual Poststroke

Abstract Date Presented 04/02/2022 This poster presents a case study of 56 year-old woman with weak wrist extension 2.5 years after subcortical ischemic stroke who participated in an extensor carpi radialis (ECR) motor evoked potential (MEP) operant conditioning training study. The participant increased maximum voluntary contraction in the ECR and improved Box and Block Test and Fugl-Meyer upper extremity (UE) scores. This could indicate that MEP operant conditioning is a viable means of improving UE function in individuals poststroke. Primary Author and Speaker: Blair H. S. Dellenbach Contributing Authors: Bridgette Pouliot, Jinsook Roh, Aiko K. Thompson