Improvement Of Ecological Environment Research Articles

Spatial–Temporal Analysis of Greenness and Its Relationship with Poverty in China

Ecological environmental protection and poverty alleviation are of great significance for the study of human–land relationship coordination and sustainable development, and they have also been a focus of attention in China in the past few decades. In this study, we chose 13 contiguous poverty-stricken areas in China as the study area. Using MODIS Leaf Area Index (LAI) data from 2000 to 2020, the spatial–temporal changes in greenness were obtained using the Bayesian spatial–temporal model (BYM). Spatial autocorrelation was used to identify the spatial distribution of poverty using socio-economic statistical data. Driving factors, including natural factors, poverty factors, and the Grain for Green Policy (GTGP), and their influence on greenness were analyzed by using the Geodetector model for detecting spatial differentiation and factors’ interactions. The results showed the following: (1) In 13 contiguous poverty-stricken areas (CPSAs) in China, 59% of the area presented an increasing trend of greenness. (2) In 2000, the high poverty levels with larger MPI values were widely distributed. After 20 years, the overall MPI value was lower, except in some northwest regions with increased MPI values. The spatial autocorrelation of poverty, which relates to the mutual influence of poverty in adjacent areas, also decreased. (3) In the study area, 65.24% of the regions showed strong synergistic effect between greening progress and poverty reduction in the interaction between poverty status and green development. With the improvement of greenness level, the positive correlation between poverty alleviation and ecological environment improvement has become increasingly close. (4) The impacts of interaction factors with the highest q values changed from temperature interacting with precision to regional division interacting with the Grain for Green Policy. The conclusions are that from 2000 to 2020, the impact of natural factors, geographical division, and poverty status on greenness has shown a decreasing trend; The effect of the Grain for Green Policy is gradually increasing; At the same time, the interaction and overlapping effects between the Grain for Green Policy and poverty were increasing. Taking into account the needs of ecological environment, poverty alleviation, and rural revitalization, this research provides valuable reference for formulating and implementing relevant policies based on the actual situation in different regions to promote harmonious coexistence between human-land relationship.

Study on the Value of Ecosystem Services and Land Use Change in the Area North of the Tianshan Mountains from 2000 to 2020

The northern Tianshans region in the arid zone of northwestern China plays a key role in promoting high-quality development of the ecological environment. In recent years, ecological environmental protection in this region has encountered major challenges due to the dual impacts of human activities and natural changes. In order to accurately assess the current status of the ecological environment in the northern Tianshans, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal changes in land use and ecological and environmental effects using land use data from 2000 to 2020 and explored the current status of land use, land use dynamic process, and ecosystem service value (ESV) in the region. Two-factor spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed the spatio-temporal characteristics of the value changes over the 20-year period as well as their spatial heterogeneity. The results show that: (1) land use changes are dominated by increases in cultivated land, forest land, watershed, and wetland, and decreases in grassland, glacier snow, and bare land. Of these changes, the expansion of cultivated land area is the most significant, showing a total increase of 1136.13 × 103 hm2. (2) The ESV increased and then decreased, reaching the highest value in 2005 and the lowest in 2020. The value of individual ecosystem services is dominated by regulating services, accounting for about 67% of the total value. (3) The overall regional balance of ecological environment quality and the contribution rate of the conversion from bare land to other land types is as high as 82.7986%, constituting the main factor in regional ecological environment improvement. The spatial distribution pattern exhibits the characteristic of “high in the northeast and low in the southwest”. (4) There is a positive correlation between the ESV, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and the Anthropogenic Impact Composite Index, with the NDVI being the main cause of spatial heterogeneity in the ESV. The research results provide a scientific basis for ecological protection, land management, and policy formulation in the northern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains and are of great significance for promoting regional sustainable development.

Analysis of New Energy Vehicle Development in China Based on LSTM and ARIMA Models

This study comprehensively analyses the development factors of new energy vehicles in China based on data and literature, adopts principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality to deal with the influence indicators, and combines multiple regression and LSTM model to predict the development trend of the industry. For the relationship between electrification and the ecological environment, multiple linear regression and ARIMA methods are tried to explore the impact of carbon emissions on the ecological environment. These methods provide a comprehensive perspective for a comprehensive understanding of the development of new energy vehicles and provide a reference basis for future industrial development and ecological environment improvement.

Simulation of red mud/phosphogypsum-based artificial soil engineering applications in vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction

Red mud and phosphogypsum are two of the most typical bulk industrial solid wastes. How they can be efficiently recycled as resources on a large scale and at low costs has always been a global issue that urgently needs to be solved. By constructing a small-scale test site and preparing two types of artificial soils using red mud and phosphogypsum, this study simulated their engineering applications in vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction. According to the results of this study, the artificial soils contained a series of major elements (e.g. O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, and Mg) similar to those in common natural soil, and preliminarily possessed basic physicochemical properties (pH, moisture, organic matter, and cation exchange capacity), main nutrient conditions (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), and biochemical characteristics that could meet the demands of plant growth. A total of 18 different types of adaptable plants (e.g. wood, herbs, flowers, succulents, etc) grew in the test sites, indicating that the artificial soils could be used for vegetation greening and landscaping. The preliminary formation of microbial (fungal and bacterial) community diversity and the gradually enriched arthropod community diversity reflected the constantly improving quality of the artificial soils, suggesting that they could be used for the gradual construction of artificial soil micro-ecosystems. Overall, the artificial soils provided a feasible solution for the large-scale, low-cost, and highly efficient synergistic disposal of red mud and phosphogypsum, with enormous potential for future engineering applications. They are expected to be used for vegetation greening, landscaping, and ecological environment improvement in tailings, collapse, and soil-deficient areas, as well as along municipal roads.

Collision adhesion law of oil Droplets-Bubbles with different particle sizes in free floating

The treatment of oily wastewater has become a serious problem in the late stage of oilfield development. At the same time, it is of great significance to the improvement of ecological environment. As the key process of oil-bearing wastewater treatment, the study on the binding and adhesion law of oil droplets and bubbles in flotation and its related mechanism can provide reference for its application. Using a double high-speed camera acquisition system, the floating process and collision adhesion law of oil droplets and bubbles in a vertical transparent circular tube were experimentally studied, and the collision adhesion process of oil droplets (0.721 ∼ 3.759 mm) and bubbles (0.797 ∼ 2.886 mm) in different diameters were analysed. It is concluded that the oil droplet and the bubble collide with each other, and then the bubble slides along the surface of the oil droplet, and a neck shape appears at the end of the contact site, and then the neck increases with the diffusion of the oil droplet to form an oil-bubble adhesion body. And the process of elastic drags and contraction separation of the mixture is also demonstrated. It is found that the combination of oil droplets and bubbles with different diameters will have two types of collision adhesion modes, which oil droplet type and oil film type, respectively. Therefore, the diameter ratio of oil droplets and bubbles is a key factor, and when the diameter ratio is greater than 0.75, the adhesion mode of the adhesive body changes from unstable oil droplet type to more stable oil film type.

Study on spatio-temporal evolution of ecosystem services, spatio-temporal pattern of tradeoff/synergy relationship and its driving factors in Shendong mining area

Objectives: The game between socio-economic development and ecological development has always been the core issue in coal areas, but the internal mechanism of tradeoff and cooperative dynamic change of ecosystem services in mining areas under long-term mineral resources development is still lacking in in-depth research.Methods: Therefore, taking Shendong mining area as an example, this study used InVEST model to evaluate the changes of four major ecosystem service functions in Shendong mining area from 1990 to 2020, namely, water yield (WY), net primary productivity (NPP), soil conservation (SC) and habitat quality (HQ). Meanwhile, correlation analysis was used to explore the trade-off and synergistic relationship among these services. On this basis, the coupling effect between the four ecosystem services is further discussed by using the constraint line method. Finally, the key drivers of ecosystem service trade-offs/synergies in the region are explored by using geodetectors and the explanations of each influence factor for RMS errors are obtained.Results: The results show that 1) from 1990 to 2020, the water yield and soil retention in the mining area decrease first and then increase, and the net primary productivity and habitat quality increase slowly, mainly in the southeast of the mining area. 2) In terms of constraint relationship, all the four ecosystem services showed hump-like constraint relationship, that is, there was obvious constraint threshold effect. 3) In the Shendong mining area, the synergistic relationship is the dominant relationship between ecosystem services, and the tradeoff effect mainly occurs between water yield and habitat quality. 4) In terms of the driving mechanism of tradeoff/synergy, land use type, temperature, and rainfall are the main factors that cause the spatial differentiation of tradeoff synergy intensity among ecosystem services in Shendong mining area.Conclusions: The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the improvement of ecological environment and sustainable utilization of mineral resources under long-term exploitation.

Estimation of grassland aboveground biomass in northern China based on topography-climate-remote sensing data

Accurately assessing grassland aboveground biomass (AGB) over large areas is essential for the conservation of grassland resource and the improvement of ecological environment. In this study, the models for estimating grassland AGB were structured using Google Earth Engine (GEE), based on the large-scale and long-term measurement data of grassland AGB in northern China, combined with remote sensing, topography and climate data. The distribution pattern of grassland AGB was produced, and the spatial–temporal evolution pattern and future change trend of grassland AGB were analyzed. The results show that: (1) the random forest (RF) model, incorporating topography, climate and remote sensing data, exhibited good simulation accuracy (training dataset: R2 = 0.73, RMSE = 44.85 g/m2, MAE = 30.92 g/m2; testing dataset: R2 = 0.64, RMSE = 57.54 g/m2, MAE = 44.74 g/m2). (2) the grassland AGB in northern China increased spatially from west to east, and the annual average was between 16.02–272.84 g/m2. The grassland AGB showed a fluctuating increasing trend at a rate of 0.59 g/m2/a from 2000 to 2020, and the coefficient of variation of the grassland AGB was small, ranging from 0.00 to 0.69, which was in a more stable state. (3) the grassland AGB in northern China generally exhibited an upward trend before 2020 (67.99 %). However, the upward trend may weaken after 2020 (38.95 %). The research results provide a quantitative perspective for studies on grassland livestock carrying capacity and climate change in northern China.

Assessment and Simulation of Urban Ecological Environment Quality Based on Geographic Information System Ecological Index

The urban ecological environment is crucial to the quality of life of residents and the sustainable development of the region, and the assessment and prediction of the ecological environment quality can provide a scientific guidance for ecological environment management and improvement. We proposed a novel approach to assess and simulate the urban ecological environment quality using the Geographic Information System Ecological Index (GISEI). First, we calculated the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) for Xi’an in 2020. Second, we selected land use data, mean annual temperature, and mean annual relative humidity as ecological indicators. We regressed these indicators on the RSEI to obtain the GISEI of Xi’an in 2020. Finally, we simulated the GISEI of Xi’an in 2030 by predicting the ecological indicators and analyzed the changes in the ecological environment quality. The results of the study show that the ecological environment quality in Xi’an in 2020 is better overall. By 2030, most of the ecological environment quality in Xi’an will be worse, and the proportion of the excellent area will decrease from 42.8% to 3.8%. The more serious ecological degradation is mainly located in the regions bordering the Qinling Mountains and the Guanzhong Plain, and the ecological environment quality in most areas of the Qinling Mountains will deteriorate from excellent to good.

Embracing Pure Electric Buses: Vision, Risks and Challenges

In this paper, we mainly focus on the current hot discussion of pure electric public transportation trends. First, we discuss the ecological environment improvement of a city if the original fuel buses are converted to pure electric buses. We use a carbon emission model, an indirect one, and a direct one. Through the quantitative consideration of different factors, the carbon emission model of the whole life cycle of a pure electric bus is finally proposed, and the model is cross-verified by sensitivity analysis. Then, taking Hong Kong as an example, we collected the operation data and cost of public transport in Hong Kong and considered the cost pressure brought by replacing its buses with pure electric buses. We considered acquisition costs, operating costs, operating maintenance and repair costs, and battery replacement costs, etc., combined with government subsidy programs, we obtained the relationship between the relevant replacement costs and the number of replacements. Then, we consider whether our model in Hong Kong, New York, and London can provide reference opinions for replacing pure electric buses in these cities. In addition, with the support of a large number of data, we have formulated a government-funded timetable for the replacement of pure electric buses in three cities within ten years, which has a certain reference value. Finally, considering the current situation of buses in Hong Kong, we propose financial and environmental recommendations to the Transport Department of Hong Kong, as well as future forecasts and prospects.

Can Green Finance Mitigate China’s Carbon Emissions and Air Pollution? An Analysis of Spatial Spillover and Mediation Pathways

China faces a multi-objective environmental governance dilemma involving achieving fundamental ecological environment improvement, carbon peaking, and carbon neutrality. In this study, we constructed indicators of the level of green finance development through the entropy-weighted TOPSIS evaluation model, and adopted the two-way fixed-effect spatial Durbin model (SDM) and the multiple spatial mediation effect model to explore the impacts and paths of green finance as a policy tool to promote environmental sustainability in carbon emissions and environmental pollution using panel data from 30 provinces in China between 2007 and 2019. The research results show that green finance (GF) can significantly reduce carbon emission intensity (CEI) and air pollution (AP). Moreover, the role of GF in reducing AP becomes weaker due to increased levels of green finance in neighboring regions negatively affecting local air quality. Mediation path analysis shows that GF reduces CEI and AP mainly by promoting the optimization of energy structures and technological progress. The results of regional heterogeneity analysis show that there is variability in the pathway of the impact of GF on CEI and AP in different regions, and the Western region is more sensitive to GF policies. Therefore, policymakers should give their full attention to the functions of GF to mitigate China’s carbon emissions and environmental pollution.

The Application of Geographic Information System in Urban Forest Ecological Compensation and Sustainable Development Evaluation

Urban forests can alleviate the urban heat island effect, improve air quality, and improve residents’ mental health. By studying urban forests, these resources can be better used and managed to create more livable urban environments. Therefore, the urban forest in the Taishan region is taken as the research object, and the ecological compensation and sustainable development of urban forest in Tai’an City are deeply analyzed by GIS. It divided the area into forest land, water bodies, wetlands, grasslands, and shrubs as the basic ecosystem types. And through secondary interpretation and combination, a complete urban forest information database was established. To evaluate the comprehensive benefits of urban forests, the analytic hierarchy process was utilized to establish a corresponding evaluation index system. Based on the assessment outcomes of the comprehensive benefits of urban forests in the area, a standard accounting method for urban forest ecological compensation was proposed. The results showed that each index of the comprehensive benefits of urban forests and the random consistency ratio were both less than 0.1. This indicated that the matrix calculation results of various indicators of urban forest comprehensive benefits had good consistency. At the target level, the comprehensive evaluation score of urban forests in the study area was 7.69. At the factor level, the weight value of the urban forest landscape structure was 0.675, and the comprehensive score was 7.62. The weight value of urban forest comprehensive benefits was 0.325, and the comprehensive score was 7.82. The quantitative weight value of urban forest greening in the study area was 0.6138, with a comprehensive score of 7.57. Based on the analysis of the issues in urban forests and ecological compensation in the research area of Tai’an City, corresponding ecological compensation strategies have been proposed. It is of great value to study the urban forest of Tai’an city, which can help to formulate more effective urban planning and sustainable development strategies. The research results can also provide a valuable reference and inspiration for the improvement of urban forest ecological environment and biodiversity protection in other areas.

The Research on Rural Landscape Design with Bamboo Art Themes in Southern Sichuan—A Case Study of Lifeng Shan Zhuang and Its Ecological Environment Improvement

The Research on Rural Landscape Design with Bamboo Art Themes in Southern Sichuan—A Case Study of Lifeng Shan Zhuang and Its Ecological Environment Improvement

Research on urban three-dimensional greening design from the perspective of climate change—a case study of Beilin District, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China

Climate change is an important issue for cities today and in the future. At present, China has a large population and complex climate conditions, and cities are also vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change (Tian, Environ Sustain Dev 6: 153-155 2020). Three-dimensional greening can not only improve the green space system of a city but also have a far-reaching impact on the ecology, image, and economic benefits of a city. Therefore, the study of urban three-dimensional greening is an effective means to deal with climate change strategies. By exploring the influence of traditional greening and three-dimensional greening on Local Climate in Beilin District of Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, the mechanism of three-dimensional greening on urban ecological environment was discussed, and the ecological theory, urban three-dimensional greening theory, and urban local climate zone (LCZ) were referred to. Based on the methods of national climate monitoring, ENVI-met simulation, and field independent measurement, this paper selected a research sample site in the east section of Jianshe Road, Beilin District, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China, and applied ENVI-met software to simulate the thermal stress relationship among building exterior surfaces, plants, and air in the street; quantified the overall ecology of the area; and used measuring instruments. The influence of different types of greening in the base on the site temperature, humidity, CO2 (carbon dioxide) concentration, wind speed, and other climate factors data was, respectively, measured and analyzed. The grid analysis was used to compare the traditional greening and three-dimensional greening, then the numerical differences of each impact factor were sorted out, and the effect of three-dimensional greening on the improvement of urban ecological environment was discussed by analyzing the climate factors with greater impact. The results show that (1) three-dimensional greening plus traditional greening is the most beneficial mode; (2) in the same environment, according to the parameter of 1.5 m from the ground in the model environment, it can be seen that the temperature of the space treated with three-dimensional greening of buildings is reduced by 3.5–3.6 ℃ compared with the control group, the relative humidity is different by 7–8%, the CO2 concentration is reduced by about 5%, and the spatial wind speed is relatively small. (3) When the urban green coverage rate is more than 40%, the improvement of temperature is more obvious, if it reaches 50%, the cool phenomenon in summer can be fundamentally changed. From the perspective of human perception, the PMV index increased by 0.27 on average. This paper discusses and analyzes the three-dimensional greening of urban streets in Beilin District, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China, and studies its influence on urban ecology to different degrees. The conclusions are as follows: Different types of greening have different degrees of influence on urban climate. Meanwhile, the experimental results of this paper show that in cities like Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China, where summer is hot, adding three-dimensional greening to traditional street greening can significantly improve the environmental microclimate, which is an effective means to cope with climate change, improve the site environment, and stabilize the urban ecosystem.

Interaction between carbon emission efficiency and ecological environment from static and dynamic perspectives

Carbon emission efficiency and the ecological environment are key issues in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. In this study, the three-stage epsilon-based measurement model and pressure-state-response model were used to calculate carbon emission efficiency and ecological environment index, and based on which, the coupling coordination model and panel vector autoregressive model were adopted to investigate the static coupling relationship and dynamic interaction. The results showed the following. (1) Carbon emission efficiency first decreased and then increased from 0.6633 to 0.7724, showing a decreasing spatial change pattern from east to west. (2) The ecological environment index increased from 0.4228 to 0.5993, showing a decreasing trend from the east and west to the center. (3) The state of the coupling coordination changed from barely coupling coordination to primary coupling coordination. Six provinces were high-level coupling coordination patterns promoted by the synergy of the two elements. (4) Ecological environment had a negative influence on carbon emission efficiency, showing time accumulation and buffering, whereas carbon emission efficiency could contribute to a steady and continuous improvement in ecological environment. This study provides an important reference for achieving carbon neutrality and enacting sustainable development.

Evaluating the role of rhizosphere microbial home-field advantage in Betula luminifera adaptation to antimony mining areas

It has been established that the coevolution of plants and the rhizosphere microbiome in response to abiotic stress can result in the recruitment of specific functional microbiomes. However, the potential of inoculated rhizosphere microbiomes to enhance plant fitness and the inheritance of adaptive traits in subsequent generations remains unclear. In this study, cross-inoculation trials were conducted using seeds, rhizosphere microbiome, and in situ soil collected from areas of Betula luminifera grown in both antimony mining and control sites. Compared to the control site, plants originating from mining areas exhibited stronger adaptive traits, specifically manifested as significant increases in hundred-seed weight, specific surface area, and germination rate, as well as markedly enhanced seedling survival rate and biomass. Inoculation with mining microbiomes could enhance the fitness of plants in mining sites through a “home-field advantage” while also improving the fitness of plants originating from control sites. During the initial phase of seedling development, bacteria play a crucial role in promoting growth, primarily due to their mechanisms of metal resistance and nutrient cycling. This study provided evidence that the outcomes of long-term coevolution between plants and the rhizosphere microbiome in mining areas can be passed on to future generations. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that transgenerational inheritance and rhizosphere microbiome inoculation are important factors in improving the adaptability of plants in mining areas. The findings have important implications for vegetation restoration and ecological environment improvement in mining areas.

Deeply Practicing the "Two Mountains Theory" to Promote Harmonious Coexistence between Humans and Nature in the New Era

This article aims to deeply explore the practice of the "Two Mountains Theory", in order to promote the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature in the new era. The concept of "Two Mountains Theory" in China emphasizes the construction of ecological civilization, achieving sustainable development and coordinated coexistence between humans and nature by protecting mountains and rivers, ecological environment, and sustainable utilization of resources. This article first introduces the core viewpoint and historical background of this concept. Secondly, the article discusses in detail the application of the "Two Mountains Theory" in practice, including ecological environment improvement, sustainable resource utilization, ecological agriculture and rural revitalization, and other aspects. Next, this article analyzes the importance of social participation and policy support, emphasizing the key role of public education and publicity, government policies and regulations, and active participation of enterprises and social organizations in achieving the goals of the "Two Mountains Theory". However, practicing the "Two Mountains Theory" is not without challenges. This article lists some environmental issues and challenges, such as environmental pollution and resource depletion, and proposes solutions and innovative methods to address these challenges. Finally, through effectiveness evaluation and future prospects, this article summarizes the achievements and impact of the "Two Mountains Theory" practice, emphasizes its importance in promoting harmonious coexistence between humans and nature in the new era, encourages more people to actively participate, and jointly build a better ecological future.

What role does global value chain participation play in emissions embodied in trade? New evidence from value-added trade

The international division of the value chain brings both opportunities and challenges to developing countries. Integration into the global value chain (GVC) has become a new driving force for economic growth in developing countries while simultaneously creating huge pressures for the reduction of carbon emissions. The existing literature focuses on the measurement of GVC embeddedness and embodied emissions, but rarely on the influencing mechanisms between them. From the perspective of value-added trade, this study recalculates the emissions embodied in exports of developing countries using the multi-regional input-output model (MRIO), and analyzes the influencing mechanisms between the GVC and embodied emissions arising from four transmission paths: export scale, industrial structure, technological progress, and environmental regulation. The results show that there is an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship between the degree of GVC embeddedness and the carbon emissions of developing countries. Consequently, a low degree of participation in the GVC is not conducive to the improvement of a country's ecological environment; conversely, when GVC participation exceeds the inflection point, it helps to reduce the scale of embodied emissions. Export scale and industrial structure play important positive transmission roles in the impact of GVC embeddedness on carbon emissions embodied in exports, and developing countries are locked-in at the low end of the GVC. Environmental regulation plays a non-linear intermediary role in the relationship between GVC participation and carbon emissions, while technological progress has no significant impact. Thus, developing countries should actively participate in the GVC, while focusing on learning opportunities arising out of advanced low-carbon production technologies from developed countries, thereby benefiting from the technology spillover effect.

Revisiting the linkage between green finance and China’s sustainable development: evidence from the pilot zones for green finance reform innovations

Based on the fundamental logic of “green finance – improvement of ecological environment and new kinetic energy of economic development – sustainable development of economy and society”, this paper conducts quasi-natural experiments using panel data from 30 provinces and cities in China between 2013 and 2021. It explores the effects of pilot policies of the green finance reform and innovation pilot zone on the sustainable development of the economy and society through a double difference model. The study reveals that the establishment of the green finance reform and innovation pilot zone has a significant promoting effect on the sustainable development of the economy and society. This conclusion remains valid even after conducting a series of robustness tests. In further analysis, it is found that the promotion effect of the green finance reform and innovation pilot zone on sustainable development exhibits some temporal characteristics. It is particularly significant in regions with lower levels of financial development and industrialization but higher levels of technological innovation. Mechanism analysis indicates that the pathways through which the green finance reform and innovation pilot zone facilitates economic and social sustainable development are relatively singular, primarily revolving around the improvement of the ecological environment. The key contribution of this paper lies in demonstrating the crucial role of pilot policies in the field of sustainable economic and social development. Additionally, it offers new insights for strengthening the implementation effectiveness of green finance pilot policies.

清代济源地区的民间环境意识初探

As one of the most densely populated areas in the ancient Central Plains, Jiyuan was adjacent to Jishui at that time. Its social and economic development was rapid, and the growth of economy and population made the local environmental problems increasingly severe. This study is based on the content of stele inscriptions in Jiyuan and focuses on exploring the environmental awareness of people in Jiyuan from the perspective of water resource management. The stele inscriptions in the Jiyuan area of the Qing Dynasty indicate that the area began to attach importance to land protection and ecological environment improvement, and at that time, this folk environmental awareness in the Jiyuan area was closely related to the governance of the Yellow River. Studying the inscriptions reflecting folk environmental awareness in Jiyuan in that time can provide certain historical basis and reference value for contemporary environmental governance.

Chromosome-level reference genome assembly provides insights into the evolution of Pennisetum alopecuroides.

Pennisetum alopecuroides is an important forage grass resource, which plays a vital role in ecological environment improvement. Therefore, the acquisition of P. alopecuroides genome resources is conducive to the study of the adaptability of Pennisetum species in ecological remediation and forage breeding development. Here we assembled a P. alopecuroides cv. 'Liqiu' genome at the chromosome level with a size of approximately 845.71 Mb, contig N50 of 84.83Mb, and genome integrity of 99.13% as assessed by CEGMA. A total of 833.41-Mb sequences were mounted on nine chromosomes by Hi-C technology. In total, 60.66% of the repetitive sequences and 34,312 genes were predicted. The genomic evolution analysis showed that P. alopecuroides cv. 'Liqiu' was isolated from Setaria 7.53-13.80 million years ago and from Cenchrus 5.33-8.99 million years ago, respectively. The whole-genome event analysis showed that P. alopecuroides cv. 'Liqiu' underwent two whole-genome duplication (WGD) events in the evolution process, and the duplication events occurred at a similar time to that of Oryza sativa and Setaria viridis. The completion of the genome sequencing of P. alopecuroides cv. 'Liqiu' provides data support for mining high-quality genetic resources of P. alopecuroides and provides a theoretical basis for the origin and evolutionary characteristics of Pennisetum.