Improved Production Technologies Research Articles

Yield Gap Analysis and Impact Assessment of Broccoli in Tirap District of Arunachal Pradesh, India

A frontline demonstration (FLD) on broccoli was carried out during 2021-22 and 2022-23 respectively by Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Tirap, Arunachal Pradesh at farmer’s field. The improved variety- Solan Green head was demonstrated with full package of practices. The FLD plots was recorded 146 & 167 q/ha yield as compared to 97 & 126 q/ha respectively under farmer’s practice. The technology gap was 34 & 13 q/ha, extension gap was 49 & 41 q/ha and technology index was 18 & 7 respectively, during the both the years of study. Similarly, the net income (Rs.34700 and 408000) and B:C ratio (3.81 and 4.38) was also higher under FLD as compared farmer’s practice (Rs.215000 and 294000, 2.82 and 3.50) due to implementation of improved production technologies.

Study of the Procurement of Landscape Plant Nurseries in Sukamantri Village Tamansari Sub-district Bogor Regency

Abstract Nurserymen play an important role in the landscape industry by producing and providing plants according to the required specifications. Sukamantri Village is one of the centers of landscape plant production and sales in Bogor Regency. The main problem faced by the nursery is the fluctuating demand for landscape plants, which can cause a shortage or excess of plant stock. This research was conducted in Sukamantri Village, Tamansari Sub-district, Bogor Regency, from November 2022 to February 2023. This study aims to obtain information on the variety of plants in the nurseries and analyze the problems in order to obtain recommendations for the development and sustainability of the nursery. Data obtained through surveys, interviews, and secondary data. They were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively using the SWOT approach regarding internal and external factors in the procurement of landscape plants. The results show the variety of plants includes indoor and outdoor ornamental plants, herbal plants, and fruit plant seedlings. The problem faced is the decline in domestic and foreign sales. Some of the recommended strategies include developing human resource skills, improving production technology, better planning production, promoting on social media, and expanding the market by strengthening networks.

Evaluation of CO 52 Rice Variety for Enhanced Productivity in Cuddalore District of Tamil Nadu, India

Selection of high yielding variety is an important factor in rice cultivation for a particular location/ environment. Cultivation of newly released rice variety has potential to increase the productivity and needs to be promoted and popularized. In this regard, the present investigation was carried out at farmer’s field to improve the rice productivity in Cuddalore district by introducing newrice variety CO 52. The CO 52 blast resistant medium duration high yielding rice variety was released by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU) during 2018. A total of seventeen demonstrations with blast resistant newly released high yielding rice variety Co 52 were conducted at farmer’s field organized by Vegetable Research Station (TNAU), Palur, Cuddalore District during samba season of 2019-20. An average yield of 6,501 kg ha-1 was recorded in Co 52 demonstration trials with 10.51 per cent increased from the farmers cultivating variety BPT 5204 (5,886.75 kgsha-1). The farmers additional revenue of Rs. 9000- Rs. 10,400/ha was obtained from Co 52 demonstration plots. In this regard one field day and training on improved production technologies were organized at farmer’s field to increase the productivity of rice through demonstrations of new rice variety Co 52 with improved production technologies.

Impact of pulses on technological gap and socio-economic status of farmers in North Eastern India

The study was carried out to assess the performance of cluster frontline demonstrations (CFLDs) in terms of the Technological gap and Socioeconomic status of farmers in fieldpea crop in three states of North East i.e. Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Sikkim. Krishi Vigyan Kendras of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Sikkim conducted 1285 demonstrations in 465 ha area, 465 demonstrations in 270 ha area, and 126 demonstrations in 50 ha area, respectively in four years using improved production technology. The results revealed that the average yield of demonstration plots was highest in Arunachal Pradesh i.e 1,543 kg/ha during 2019-2020 as compared to farmers’ practices 1008 kg/ha with 53.07 percent increase in yield followed by Assam 1297 kg/ha during 2018-2019 compared to farmers’ practices (921 kg/ha). Results showed that net return in demonstration plots was Rs. 28,539/- per ha in Assam, Rs. 46,726/- per ha in Arunachal Pradesh, and Rs. 45,393/- per ha in Sikkim over farmer practices (Rs. 13,890, Rs. 24,108 and Rs. 24,056, respectively). The majority of farmers (62.66 percent) belong to medium level of knowledge in Assam and also it has adopted most of the improved technologies (53.02%), followed by Sikkim (48.99%) and Arunachal Pradesh (47.00%) which is highly encouraging and it is suggested to adopt these technologies for sustainable production of fieldpea in North East India.

On-farm assessment of improved production technologies of seed spices Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) and Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in Adilabad district of Telangana

On-farm assessment of improved production technologies of seed spices Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) and Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in Adilabad district of Telangana

WITHDRAWN: Prospects of graphene quantum dots preparation using lignocellulosic wastes for application in photofermentative hydrogen production

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are a novel carbon nanomaterial from the graphene family due to their unique physicochemical properties and diverse range of applications. However, in terms of the sustainable utility of GQDs, their synthesis methods are the main roadblock because of their high production costs and the release of toxic byproducts during the production processes. Thus, the search for sustainable and economical fabrication methods for preparing GQDs is one of the most essential areas of research for their practical applications. In this context, lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) wastes are a prime choice for the fabrication of GQDs due to their high carbon and cellulose content, which are favorable for being employed as precursors and reducing agents Additionally, LCBs are a prime source of potential bioenergy production, which is currently a key research hotspot to combat environmental pollution, global warming, and energy crises. Therefore, the present review provides feasibility for sustainable and environmentally friendly fabrication of GQDs using LCB wastes for their possible utility in cellulosic biofuel production technology improvement. Furthermore, the prospective of using these GQDs as catalysts in bioenergy production for the development of low-cost biomass-based biofuel production technology has been discussed along with the existing limitations and their sustainable recommendation.

Conception of Improved Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) Production Technology and its Propagation among Farmers for the Development of a Sustainable Seeds Production Strategy

Having a strong seed system that could spur agricultural expansion would be the first and most important step toward achieving food security in the nation of India. The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of Improved Production Technology (IPT) on the production of high-quality seeds of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) cultivar VBN 6 in a farmer-participatory mode in Tamil Nadu, India’s Ponnanaiyar subbasin during kharif and rabi 2017–18. In total, 985 farmers from 235 places throughout chosen Pudukkottai and Tiruchirappalli districts received frontline IPT demonstrations and IPT was applied in their agronomic practices afterwards. Compared to traditional approaches, our study demonstrated that IPT not only facilitated the production of high-quality seeds, but also a 25.14% higher seed yield of blackgram. Furthermore, the average water productivity was improved from 0.116 kg ha−1 m−3 to 0.154 kg ha−1 m−3. This study indicated IPT was effective in guaranteeing a system of sustainable seed production and thus was of great value in raising the farmers’ net incomes, profitability, and cost-benefit ratios. There is little well-documented data on how the farmer-participatory approach improves seed production technology in a sustainable way in the case of pulses when adopting improved production technologies in arable crop farming. Our creative method of having farmers participate in the demonstrations allowed us to evaluate how these extension programs affected the technology utilized to produce high-quality seeds. This study indicated IPT was effective in guaranteeing a system of sustainable seed production and thus was of great value in raising the farmers’ net incomes, profitability, and cost–benefit ratios.

Strategies and Tools for Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) to Move toward Green Operations: The Case of the Taiwan Metal Industry

Net-zero carbon reduction has become a global supply chain development trend, and the EU has established CBAM regulations. Industries that fail to effectively reduce carbon emissions will face operational challenges under these regulations. For SMEs, carbon reduction is crucial for sustainable operations. To address this challenge, governments worldwide are formulating relevant policies and investing resources to help SMEs enhance their competitiveness. In Taiwan, the metal industry has an export ratio exceeding 45%, making it a significant global production base for metal products. This study conducted a green operational transformation survey on 230 SMEs in Taiwan’s metal industry. The Taiwanese government has devised a comprehensive carbon reduction approach for the metal industry, which includes environmental facilities, digital technology introduction, process and production technology improvement, resource recycling, and energy conversion as strategies and tools for promoting carbon reduction. According to this study, the aforementioned five promotion strategies have become essential tools for SMEs in their carbon reduction efforts. This study utilized a one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and simple regression analysis, all of which demonstrated significant correlations among these tools. These findings can serve as a reference for other partner countries, accelerating the global industry’s transition toward green operations.

Performance of low-input agriculture with ZBNF-A case study on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system in Saurashtra region of Gujarat

Sustainable low-cost farming in (groundnut based) cropping system offers a much-needed alternative to conventional input-intensive agriculture. Keeping this in view a field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2022–23 at ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, Gujarat on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to evaluate the performance of low-input agriculture with ZBNF (Zero-budget natural farming) vis-avis others. Experiment was conducted in a split plot design having 3 different farming practices, viz. Natural farming (NF); Integrated crop management (ICM or conventional farming); and Organic farming (OF) practices in main plot using 2 cultivars ‘GJG-22’ (Virginia Bunch) and ‘TG 37A’ (Spanish Bunch) in large sub plot (~1/100th of a hectare), replicated 8-times. Further, these permanent plots of 3 farming practices were cultivated with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (two cultivars, viz. ‘GW 451’ and ‘Lok 1’) in rotation during winter (rabi) season of 2022–23 following a residual exhaustive fodder crop of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.] grown during spring/summer 2021– 22 prior to the experimentation. The study revealed that pod yield to the tune of 1,316–1,630 kg/ha was realized with low cost NF (or ZBNF) practice (higher yields with Spanish Bunch) vis-a-vis 1,448–1,779 kg/ha in OF practice. On the contrary, higher pod yield of 1,679–1,965 kg/ha was realized with the ICM practice employing improved production technologies. The growth/developmental parameters/values including economics and total system productivity were also higher under ICM practice. Furthermore, higher values in respect of all the groundnut plant attributes including economics and nutrient (NPK) uptake, and its efficiency (NPK uptake/100-kg pod) were evident under ICM practice. Similar crop responses were conspicuous in case of the succeeding wheat crop. Thus, overall crop response to farming practices were in the order: ICM>OF>NF; and the ratio of N, P, and K uptake for realization of higher per unit productivity (across farming practices and varieties) was observed to be 6.8:1.0:2.2 for groundnut and 3.9:1.0:3.3 for wheat. Thus, ICM practice comprising of judicious use of chemical fertilizers, manure and pesticides use was advantageous for realizing higher yield and return in groundnut-wheat. Further efforts are made to realize higher productivity of ecofriendly farming practices (ZBNF and OF).

Enhancing Productivity and Profitability of Mash through Front Line Demonstration

The study was carried out during kharif season of 2020 and 2021 in 7 villages across 2 blocks (Bhalla and Bhaderwah) of Doda district. In all 100 frontline demonstrations on Mash crop were carried out in anarea of 20.0 ha with the active participations of farmers with the objective to demonstrate the latest technology of Mash production potential, technological gap, extension gap, technology index and economic benefit of improved technologies. Cluster frontline demonstration is one of the important tools for transfer of technology and this program is being implemented through Krishi Vigyan Kendra’s of country. CFLD’s are organized on improved production technology at farmer’s field. This process not only helps in demonstrating the ways and means ofincreasing productivity but helps in obtaining feed back for further refinement of the production technology. The results revealed that CFLD recorded higher yield as compared to farmer’s practices over the two years of study. The improved technologies recorded average yield of 5.05 q/ha which was 34.71% higher than the obtained with farmer’s practices of 3.81q/ha. In spite of increase in yield of Mash, technological gap, extension gap and technology index existed which was 4.95 q/ha, 1.23 q/ha and 49.5%, respectively.

STUDY OF THE RELIABILITY AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE AUTOMATED ROLLING STAMPING COMPLEX

The reliability of technical objects is one of their most important quality characteristics. Automated rolling stamping complexes are widely used in mechanical engineering for the manufacture of parts of complex shape. Reliability of CABs is a key factor that determines their efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The development of a device for automatically changing the equipment of the stamping-rolling complex is due to the need to increase efficiency and automate production processes in industry. Roll stamping is an important technology for the production of metal parts, but the process of changing equipment (for example, tools or dies) can be time- and resource-intensive. The development of an automatic equipment changer can significantly improve the productivity and efficiency of production lines, reduce equipment downtime and manual labor costs. In addition, such a device can increase occupational safety and reduce the risk of injury among workers. Since modern industry is rapidly developing and constantly improving production technologies, the development of a device for automatically changing equipment for a stamping-rolling complex is an urgent and important task. The implementation of such a device can help enterprises maintain a competitive edge in the market and increase their efficiency and profitability. The article deals with the reliability of the automated rolling stamping complex, which is one of the key aspects of modern production. Factors affecting the reliability of such systems and ways to increase them to ensure smooth operation of production lines are analyzed. The article reveals the main problems associated with equipment failures and downtime, which can lead to significant financial losses and loss of reputation of the enterprise. The impact of such factors as the intensity of operation, maintenance, as well as the introduction of the latest management and monitoring technologies on the overall reliability of the system was analyzed. The article proposes a comprehensive approach to increasing the reliability of automated rolling stamping complexes. This approach includes optimization of operating modes, improvement of maintenance and diagnostics systems, as well as the use of advanced management technologies and equipment condition monitoring. The results of the research can be useful for factories that use automated rolling stamping complexes in their activities. They will make it possible to increase the efficiency of the production process, reduce the costs of maintenance and repair, as well as ensure the stable and uninterrupted operation of production lines.

삼국시대 복환판비의 전개 과정과 의미 —남원 두락리 고분군 출토품을 중심으로—

The double ring bit is a bit made of a single iron rod. In this paper, the current status and development of the double ring bits excavated from the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese Archipelago are summarized. Based on this, the archaeological significance of the double ring bits of Durak-ri, Namwon, are examined. The double ring bits of the Korean Peninsula were mainly used in Silla and Gaya from the early fifth to the late seventh centuries. They can be classified into Silla or Gaya double ring bits according to the connection method (the presence or absence of a ring); the guard in the bit of the ‘Ga’ type double ring bit reflects the change over time. It seems that the technology for producing the ‘Ga’ and ‘Na’ types, which originated in Silla, spread to Gaya from the early 6th century to the first half of the 6th century, when Silla and Gaya maintained a friendly relationship. The double ring bits excavated from the Japanese Archipelago are not much different from those of Korea. The Japanese Archipelago double ring bits have many things in common with domestic examples, such as the use of the type ‘Ga’ to ‘Da’ types. However, in the Japanese Archipelago, ‘Da’ type examples were used from an early age, and the forms that were popular in Korea and their period of use were different. There is also the ‘Ra’ type that is not observed in Korea. The double ring bit excavated from the Durak-ri tombs, in Namwon, are of the ‘Ga-3’ type, used only around the early 6th century in East Asia. Therefore, the age of the ancient tomb can be estimated based on the double ring bits. Although the ‘Ga-3’ type is of Silla origin, the excavation of the Durak-ri tombs suggests that the artifacts may have been produced locally in the Unbong Plateau through the adoption of improved production technologies from Hapcheon, which was well equipped with a high-level ironmaking technological system. The bits not only demonstrate the friendly foreign relations between Silla and Gaya from the early to the first half of the 6th century, but also illustrate the acceptance process of the latest harness manufacturing technology from Hapcheon.

Analysis of flavor substances in Shaoxing traditional hand-made Jiafan wine with different amounts of ZaoShao liquor.

Adding ZaoShao liquor (high-concentration liquor) is one of the most important steps in the brewing process of Shaoxing Jiafan wine, a product protected by Chinese geographical indications. The focus of this study is the effect of different additive amounts of liquor on the flavor of end products. In this study, four kinds of Shaoxing Jiafan wine were brewed by changing the amount of ZaoShao liquor. Headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to detect the flavor substances of four kinds of Jiafan wine. The difference in flavor of four kinds of Jiafan wine was evaluated by electronic nose analysis technology and verified by sensory evaluation. Finally, the reliability of the experimental results was verified through an aroma reconstruction experiment of rice wine. In this study, the differences in flavoring substances under different amounts of ZaoShao liquor were verified from various angles. The results showed that the flavors of the four kinds of wines were significantly different. The composition of flavor substances in Shaoxing rice wine varies with the amount of ZaoShao liquor. This study provided a scientific basis for the improvement of production technology of Shaoxing wine. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Impact Assessment and Popularization of Improved Production Technology of Blackgram,Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper and Greengram,Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek through Cluster Frontline Demonstrations (CFLDs) in Old Alluvial Soil of Malda, India

ABSTRACT Pulse production in Old Alluvial Zone, Malda is significantly low compared to their potentiality due to poor cultivation practices and adoption of traditional varieties by the farmers. Cluster Frontline Demonstration, which is a noble tool, was studied during 2017–2019 in two pulses viz. blackgram (var. PU-31) and greengram (var. PDM-139) to evaluate its impacts on technology adoption and bridge the gaps in yields among potential, demonstration, and farmers’ plots. In this study, variation of technology index (TI) was observed between 23.6–32.33% and 26.07–31.67% for blackgram and greengram, respectively; whereas extension yield gaps varied by 458.0–522.0 kg ha−1 and 462.0–508.0 kg ha−1, respectively. It was inferred that blackgram and greengram productivity can be enhanced by 76.46–90.43% and 82.06–84.53%, respectively, by adopting an improved package of farm technologies. The BCR (benefit–cost ratio) of blackgram and greengram in demonstration plots varied between 1.99–2.18 and 2.03–2.61, respectively; whereas in farmers’ plots they were 1.38–1.56 and 1.39–1.82, respectively, i.e., average BCR enhanced by 41.61% and 44.57% in demonstration plots over farmers’ plots of blackgram and greengram, respectively, by adopting improved production technologies. During 2017–19, improved production technology in demonstration plots increased the average water usage efficiency of blackgram and greengram by 42.25% and 82.79%, respectively. The yield variations between farmers’ plots and demonstration plots were statistically significant at p ≤ .01 significance level. It is hypothesized that CFLDs are quite feasible and have enormous potential to enhance blackgram and greengram productivity in prevailing farming situations of socio-economically poor farming communities of this region in a sustainable manner.

ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ПРЯНИКА С ДОБАВЛЕНИЕМ ПОРОШКА ИЗ КЕДРОВОГО ЖМЫХА

The objective of the study is to analyze the use of cedar cake powder in different percentage additives to wheat flour (second grade) in laboratory experiment variants; to use of the optimal dosage of cedar cake powder for enrichment of cedar gingerbread and improvement of the quality of this flour confectionery product; to improve production technology. The object of the study is samples of cedar gingerbread pro-ducts obtained by adding cedar cake powder (5; 10; 15 %) to second-grade wheat flour. To perform the study, well-known organoleptic and physicochemical methods for studying raw materials and finished products were used. The safety of raw materials was controlled by TR CU 021/2011 "On the safety of food products". The choice of the control – Dnieper gingerbread, is associated with the use of second-grade flour in its recipe and its low calorie content. Laboratory studies and their testing were carried out in 2023 at the Department of Technology of Bakery, Confectionery and Pasta Production of Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University. The finished flour confectionery product – cedar gingerbread was tested using stan¬dard methods in accordance with GOST R 58233-2-18; GOST 15810-2014. The cedar gingerbread sample with 15 % additive can be considered enriched, possessing improved quality indicators. The advantage of quality assessment is the pleasant smell (aroma) of cedar nut and an increased mass fraction of fat – 1.90 %. Organoleptic and physicochemical indicators and increased nutritional value of the enriched cedar gingerbread sample allow us to give an "excellent" rating on the rating scale (29.8 points). The generally accepted technology for the production of raw unglazed gingerbread was used. In the technology for ma¬king cedar gingerbread, the dough kneading stage was improved. Flour, cedar cake powder, soda and ammonium dissolved in water were added to the finished syrup. Profitability was 19 %. The production of cedar gingerbread is possible to expand the range and increase the production of flour confectionery products for all groups of the population.

Evaluation of technological interventions on the productivity and profitability of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) through frontline demonstrations in South Eastern Rajasthan

The study was conducted to examine the effects of frontline demonstrations on chickpea using scientific production technology for sustainable productivity and profitability on 40-hectare area covering 80 farmer’s fields in the Kota, Bundi and Baran districts of Rajasthan. The average yield of chickpea in the frontline demonstration plots (IP) using integrated crop management technology was 2219 kg/ha, which was significantly higher than the average yield of 1827 kg/ha in the farmers’ practices (FP). The average chickpea yield was found higher (18.88%) in demonstration plots over farmer practices, with the implementation of improved production technologies. During the three years of study (2018-19, 2019-20, and 2020-21), the technological index (17.21%), extension gap (392 kg/ha), and average technological gap (461 kg/ ha) were found out. During the years of the study, frontline demonstration plots had the highest average net profit and B:C ratio (INR. 77,357/ha and 3.38), compared to farmer practice (INR. 64,081/ha and 3.24). Economic studies over one or three years showed that adopting improved package generated higher profits than traditional farmers practice.

Evaluation of Rice Varieties under Front Line Demonstrations in the Agro-climatic Zone of the Chhattisgarh Plains of Madhya Pradesh, under Irrigated Condition

Frontline demonstrations were conducted with recommended scientific package and practices at farmer’s fields in the Chhattisgarh plain agro-climatic zone of Balaghat district, Madhya Pradesh to evaluate the performance of two rice varieties viz., JR-81 and JRB-1under irrigated conditions during Kharif 2019. The data on yield and economics of demonstrated under FLD, when compared with farmer’s practices on popular rice variety MTU-1010 revealed that both the rice varieties performed superior to MTU-1010. JR-81 and JRB-1with improved production technologies showed increased mean grain yield by 17.17% over existing farmers practice with Rs. 2450 ha-1 extra expenditure on inputs. The mean extension gap (7.80 q ha-1) and mean IBCR (4.78) recorded were sufficiently high, which may motivate the farmers to adopt JR-81 and JRB-1 varieties with the improved rice production technology.

Impact of CFLD Pulses on Blackgram Productivity and Profitability in Farmers’ Field of Gariyaband District

Background: Among the pulses grown in the kharif season, blackgram occupies 8654 ha area in the Gariyaband district. But because of improper cultivation practices, blackgram yield is quite low (430 kg/ha). Thus Cluster Frontline Demonstrations were planned and carried out to disseminate latest package of practices to the farmers inorder to boost blackgram production and productivity. Methods: 50 cluster frontline demonstrations were conducted during kharif season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 in farmer’s field at Mauhabhatta and Kamepur villages of Gariyaband district, Chhattisgarh State. The demonstrations were carried out in 20 ha area to show the higher production potentiality of the technique using improved variety Indira Urd-1. Result: The results revealed that improved seed of Indira Urd-1 treated with Rhizobium +PSB and recommended plant protection cover, recorded average yield of 6.82 q/ha as compared to 4.35 q/ha in control plot. The demonstrated technology gave higher net returns and B:C ratio of 28087 Rs/ha and 3.02 in comparison to control (16245 Rs/ha, 1.67). The average extension gap, technology gap and technology index recorded were 2.47q/ha, 5.18 q/ha and 43.16% respectively. The results indicate that adoption of improved production technologies minimized the yield gap and provided higher economic returns to the farming community.

Foreign shareholder, overseas sale and corporate profit margin.

China is actively promoting the development of a robust trading nation. In this context, utilizing data from China's A-share listed companies spanning from 2003 to 2021, this study investigates the impact of foreign shareholders on enterprises in a scenario where overseas sales reduce the profit margin of Chinese firms. The findings reveal that overseas sales do indeed decrease the profit margin of Chinese enterprises; however, foreign shareholders mitigate this negative effect and various robustness tests support this conclusion. Mechanism analysis confirms that foreign shareholders primarily enhance enterprise productivity through improved production technology spillover effects, thereby alleviating the adverse impact of overseas sales on Chinese firms' profit margins. Heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that both longer holding periods for foreign shareholders and multiple foreign shareholders significantly alleviate the negative influence of overseas sales on Chinese firms' profit margins. Moreover, there is significant heterogeneity in how foreign shareholders alleviate these detrimental consequences based on property rights nature, institutional environment, overseas related party transactions and subsidiaries, as well as industry attributes. These findings have important reference value for China's efforts towards becoming a strong trading nation and can contribute to enhancing trade capacity in other countries.

Influence the Adoption of Improved Production Technology among Mustard Growers in the Jaunpur District, Uttar Pradesh, India

This study explores how mustard growers in the Jaunpur district adopt new technologies, with a particular emphasis on how much improved production technology is adopted thanks to Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) Jaunpur. India's most common occupation, agriculture, has difficulties like decreased crop yields and the requirement for sustainable methods. KVKs, which were founded in 1973, are essential for distributing agricultural innovations and offering vocational training. Purposively undertaken in Jaunpur, the study investigates the socioeconomic aspects that impact the adoption behavior of mustard growers. The assessment of adoption level indicates that 41.66% of participants belong to the medium adoption category, underscoring the necessity of customized interventions. The results provide insight into the dynamics of technology adoption among mustard farmers and highlight the function of KVKs in advancing environmentally friendly farming methods.