Improved Loading Capacity Research Articles

Extended state observer‐based trajectory tracking control of a wheeled mobile robot with one unpowered trailer

AbstractIn this paper, trajectory tracking control is investigated for a wheeled mobile robot with one unpowered trailer using an extended state observer (ESO). The unpowered trailer is added to improve load capacity, which results in a large impact on trajectory tracking as a slow‐varying and large disturbance. A backstepping controller is proposed to generate desired velocities in an outer loop of a double closed‐loop structure. The ESO is employed in an inner loop to estimate the slow‐varying and large disturbance from the unpowered trailer. An integral sliding mode controller is also designed in the inner loop to track the desired velocities from the outer loop. Stability analysis for the ESO, the backstepping controller and the integral sliding mode controller is conducted via Lyapunov methods. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the trajectory tracking control for a wheeled mobile robot with one unpowered trailer.

Targeting pentamidine towards CD44-overexpressing cells using hyaluronated lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles.

Biodegradable nanocarriers possess enormous potential for use as drug delivery systems that can accomplish controlled and targeted drug release, and a wide range of nanosystems have been reported for the treatment and/or diagnosis of various diseases and disorders. Of the various nanocarriers currently available, liposomes and polymer nanoparticles have been extensively studied and some formulations have already reached the market. However, a combination of properties to create a single hybrid system can give these carriers significant advantages, such as improvement in encapsulation efficacy, higher stability, and active targeting towards specific cells or tissues, over lipid or polymer-based platforms. To this aim, this work presents the formulation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles in the presence of a hyaluronic acid (HA)-phospholipid conjugate (HA-DPPE), which was used to anchor HA onto the nanoparticle surface and therefore create an actively targeted hybrid nanosystem. Furthermore, ionic interactions have been proposed for drug encapsulation, leading us to select the free base form of pentamidine (PTM-B) as the model drug. We herein report the preparation of hybrid nanocarriers that were loaded via ion-pairing between the negatively charged PLGA and HA and the positively charged PTM-B, demonstrating an improved loading capacity compared to PLGA-based nanoparticles. The nanocarriers displayed a size of below 150nm, a negative zeta potential of -35mV, a core-shell internal arrangement and high encapsulation efficiency (90%). Finally, the ability to be taken up and exert preferential and receptor-mediated cytotoxicity on cancer cells that overexpress the HA specific receptor (CD44) has been evaluated. Competition assays supported the hypothesis that PLGA/HA-DPPE nanoparticles deliver their cargo within cells in a CD44-dependent manner.

A piezoelectric inertial actuator operating with elliptical drive and stick-slip drive modes

This study improves the performance of piezoelectric inertial actuators by merging the benefits of inertial and inchworm drives and proposes a flexible actuator that utilizes elliptical drive mode (EDM) and stick-slip drive mode (SDM). Employing four piezoelectric stacks as the excitation source, the actuator transforms vertical motion into lateral motion through leaf-type flexible beams. The structure design, assembly, and drive principles of the proposed actuator are presented in detail, and its flexible stator structure is optimized using the finite element method. A dynamic model is established to analyze the step characteristics under both operational modes. The actuator prototype achieves a maximum velocity of 2.89 mm/s and eliminates backward motion at 90 Hz frequencies. The EDM mode shows improved load capacity, while the SDM mode provides faster speeds, indicating different performance characteristics depending on the drive methods. Ultimately, we successfully applied the proposed actuator in semiconductor inspection, demonstrating its application potential. This design surpasses current piezoelectric inertial actuators in speed, load, and resolution, facilitating performance optimization without structural alterations to accommodate diverse application requirements. This research offers valuable insights into optimizing actuator performance, with potential applications in high-precision scanning and optical system tracking for atomic force microscopy.

Broad-spectrum nano-bactericide utilizing antimicrobial peptides and bimetallic Cu-Ag nanoparticles anchored onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes for sustained protection against persistent bacterial pathogens in crops

Worldwide crop yields are threatened by persistent pathogenic bacteria that cause significant damage and jeopardize global food security. Chemical pesticides have shown limited effectiveness in protecting crops from severe yield loss. To address this obstacle, there is a growing need to develop environmentally friendly bactericides with broad-spectrum and sustained protection against persistent crop pathogens. Here, we present a method for preparing a nanocomposite that combines antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and bimetallic Cu-Ag nanoparticles anchored onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The nanocomposite exhibited dual antibacterial activity by disrupting bacterial cell membranes and splicing nucleic acids. By functionalizing MWCNTs with small AMPs (sAMPs), we achieved enhanced stability and penetration of the nanocomposite, and improved loading capacity of the Cu-Ag nanoparticles. The synthesized MWCNTs&CuNCs@AgNPs@P nanocomposites demonstrated broad-spectrum lethality against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Glasshouse pot trials confirmed the efficacy of the nanocomposites in protecting rice crops against bacterial leaf blight and tomato crops against bacterial wilt. These findings highlight the excellent antibacterial properties of the MWCNTs&CuNCs@AgNPs@P nanocomposite and its potential to replace chemical pesticides, offering significant advantages for agricultural applications.

Flexural strengthening of RC beams by advanced concrete canvas

AbstractIn this study, concrete canvas (CC) layers were used as a novel method to strengthen reinforced concrete (RC) beams because of their flexibility, rapid installation, fast curing, and rapid strengthening. Due to the importance of the CC mechanical properties, various combinations of cement including ordinary (OPC) and High Alumina (HAC), as well as silica fume, were investigated to determine the optimal mixture for strengthening RC beams. The results indicate that substituting 75% of HAC with OPC significantly boosted flexural strength by 33%, and increased tensile strength in the warp and weft directions by 25% and 21%, respectively. The study examined six RC beam specimens in a four‐point flexural test, assessing their flexural properties, ductility, cracking behavior, and energy dissipation. The number of CC layers and the bonding method, which involved either the conventional externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) technique or the externally bonded reinforcement on grooves (EBROG) technique were studied. The experimental results revealed the superiority of the EBR method over the EBROG technique due to the uniform bond between CC and the concrete surface. Using the EBR technique, improvements of 35% and 51% were observed in the load‐carrying capacity of the beams strengthened with one and two CC layers, respectively. It is while for the beam with an improved loading capacity of 51%, the crack width decreased from 5.3 to 2.1 mm, and the energy dissipation increased by three times compared to the control specimen. Theoretical analysis also was performed to calculate the load‐carrying capacity of the RC beams strengthened with CC layers.

Multi-objective optimization of surface texture shape in fluid mechanical face seals using mass-conserving cavitation boundary condition

Surface texture shape significantly influences the tribological and sealing properties of fluid mechanical face seals. Considering that it is a contradiction to simultaneously improve load capacity and reduce leakage, a numerical multi-objective optimization model is proposed herein to improve the load-carrying capacity while reducing the volume leakage rate via texture shape optimization. The mass-conserving cavitating boundary condition and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II are employed for the optimization. The numerical results indicate that the optimal texture shape is spiral-like under the lowest volume leakage rate, which becomes an asymmetric flat-front chevron with increasing load-carrying capacity and volume leakage rate. The optimal shape outperforms four regular shapes (all obtained by multi-objective optimization) at different rotation speeds and sealing pressures. The cavitation within the optimal shape ensures zero leakage in fluid face seals. The comprehensive performance of the texture shape obtained by multi-objective optimization is superior to that obtained by single-objective optimization.

TPGS/soluplus® blended micelles: an effective strategy for improving loading capacity of ferroptosis inducer erastin

Erastin is the most classical small molecular ferroptosis inducer but its clinical application is hindered due to its poor solubility. Nanotechnology has been used to improve ferroptosis inducer erastin’s solubility. The recently reported erastin-incorporated nanosystems (e.g., nanoparticulate ferritin, poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether-blockpoly(lactide-co-glycolide) (mPEG-PLGA) nanoparticle, exosome, and liposome) could to some degree elevate its solubility, but were still poor in loading capacity. To be specific, the maximum entrapment efficiency and drug loading in previous studies were approximately 36% and 3.7%, respectively. In order to improve drug loading capacity, we constructed a novel carrier based on Vitamin E d-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) and polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer (Soluplus®) blended micelles. The erastin@TPGS/Soluplus® micelles were prepared by thin film hydration method, and formulation details including dosage of Soluplus®, the weight ratio of TPGS to Soluplus®, the weight ratio of erastin to TPGS/Soluplus® were optimized. The physicochemical properties of the erastin micelles were measured by DLS, TEM, FTIR, and TG-DSC analysis. The products exhibited a nanoscale and uniform particle size (78.11 ± 0.54 nm) and neutral surface charge (-0.43 ± 0.32 mV). Significantly improved entrapment efficiency (89.63 ± 1.81%) and drug loading rate (10.03 ± 0.14%) were obtained, which was over 2-fold of current reports. The in vitro release study demonstrated that erastin could release in a sustained yet complete manner, and the drug release might be governed by multiple mechanisms including anomalous diffusion of non-Fickian diffusion, matrix erosion and sustained release. In summary, this proposed erastin nanosystem provides a new strategy for improving loading capacity, and may probably augment ferroptosis-inducing therapy for cancer treatment.

Preparation of enzymatically cross-linked α-lactalbumin nanoparticles and their application for encapsulating lycopene.

High internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs) stabilized by protein nanoparticles have been widely reported, but the use of enzymatic methods for preparing these nanoparticles remains underexplored. Our hypothesis is that enzymatically crosslinked α-lactalbumin (ALA) nanoparticles (ALATGs) prepared using transglutaminase will demonstrate improved properties as stabilizers for HIPPEs. In this study, we investigated the physicochemical properties and microstructures of ALATGs, finding that enzymatic crosslinking could be enhanced by removing Ca2+ ions from ALA and preheating the proteins (85°C, 15min). The electrical charge, secondary structure, and surface hydrophobicity of ALATGs were found to depend on crosslinking conditions. HIPPEs formed with an ALA concentration of 10mg/mL and an enzyme activity of 120U/g exhibited the highest apparent viscosity and mechanical strength, as well as significantly improved loading capacity and photostability for the encapsulated lycopene. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that ALATG-nanoparticles show superior performance as emulsifiers compared to ALA-nanoparticles.

Fabrication of natural deep eutectic solvent based water-in-oil high internal phase emulsion: Improving loading capacity and stability of curcumin

Water-in-oil high internal phase emulsions (HIPEW/O) are promising as fat substitutes and nutrient carriers in food systems. A method was developed to replace the water phase of HIPEW/O with natural deep eutectic solvents (NDES) to enhance the loading and stability of nutraceuticals. NDESs, comprising varying ratios of d-glucose, sucrose, and water, were used. Higher sucrose ratios resulted in larger crystals in NDES-based HIPEW/O. Glucose-to-sucrose molar ratios below 1 generated gel-like HIPEs with excellent thermal, centrifugal, freeze-thaw, and storage stability. Increased sucrose proportion in NDES promoted crystal formation, thus improving emulsion stability. NDES-HIPEs demonstrated high curcumin loading with high encapsulation efficiency. Crystal-containing NDES-HIPEs exhibited improved ultraviolet and gastrointestinal stability. This study presents a novel method for HIPEW/O preparation. Using NDES as the internal phase regulates crystal morphology, enhances emulsion stability, and protects nutrients. These unique emulsions hold potential as carriers for bioactive components in food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical applications.

Coating of silk sutures by Halloysite/wax Pickering emulsions for controlled delivery of eosin

Pickering emulsions based on wax and halloysite clay nanotubes have been proposed for the coating treatment of silk sutures with the aim to increase their loading capacity towards eosin, which is an antimicrobial molecule. Moreover, the presence of halloysite/wax microspheres onto the surface of silk sutures has been explored for the controlled release of the hydrophobic drug in aqueous medium at pH = 5.2. In addition, we have studied the influence of the coating on the thermal and mechanical properties of the sutures. As concerns the thermal characteristics, we have performed thermogravimetric experiments to investigate the decomposition of the coated silk as well as their water content, while Differential Scanning Calorimetry has been carried out to study the melting process of wax. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) has been employed to determine both the tensile and viscoelastic properties of the sutures. In particular, the viscoelastic features have been investigated at variable temperatures (up to 250 °C) to determine the effects of the wax/Hal microparticles on the glass transition of silk fibroin. In conclusion, this paper demonstrates that the wax/halloysite Pickering emulsions can be successfully employed to generate hydrophobic microdomains onto the surface of silk sutures, which present enhanced flexibility and improved loading capacity towards eosin.

Examining the impact of clean environmental regulations on load capacity factor to achieve sustainability: Evidence from APEC economies

Environmental regulations have emerged as a critical policy tool for promoting environmental sustainability worldwide. However, there is a dearth of literature that investigates the impact of environmental regulations on load capacity factor in Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) economies. This study aims to address this gap by examining the role of renewable energy consumption, human capital, and environmental regulations in improving load capacity factor. In doing so, the paper covers 14 APEC economies; applies second generations panel data models (i.e., CUP-FM (continuously updated fully modified) as the base model and CUP-BC (continuously-updated and bias-corrected) for the robustness); and runs data between 1992 and 2018. The empirical findings present that: i) renewable energy consumption and human capital contribute to improving load capacity factor; ii) environmental regulations are not at a level to increase load capacity factor; iii) economic growth and trade openness significantly reduce load capacity factor. Considering empirical outcomes, this study suggests that APEC should tighten environmental regulations to achieve sustainable environment. In addition, this study offers important sustainable environmental policies for APEC within the framework of empirical findings.

Selective Adsorption of Ionic Species Using Macroporous Monodispersed Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate/Acrylic Acid Microgels with Tunable Negative Charge.

Monodispersed polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA)/acrylic acid (AA) microgels with a tuneable negative charge and macroporous internal structure have been produced using a Lego-inspired droplet microfluidic device. The surface charge of microgels was controlled by changing the content of AA in the monomer mixture from zero (for noncharged PEGDA beads) to 4 wt%. The macroporosity of the polymer matrix was introduced by adding 20 wt% of 600-MW polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a porogen material into the monomer mixture. The porogen was successfully leached out with acetone after UV-crosslinking, which resulted in micron-sized cylindrical pores with crater-like morphology, uniformly arranged on the microgel surface. Negatively charged PEGDA/AA beads showed improved adsorption capacity towards positively charged organic dyes (methylene blue and rhodamine B) compared to neutral PEGDA beads and high repulsion of negatively charged dye molecules (methyl orange and congo red). Macroporous microgels showed better adsorption properties than nonporous beads, with a maximum adsorption capacity towards methylene blue of 45 mg/g for macroporous PEGDA/AA microgels at pH 8.6, as compared to 23 mg/g for nonporous PEGDA/AA microgels at the same pH. More than 98% of Cu(II) ions were removed from 50 ppm solution at pH 6.7 using 2.7 mg/mL of macroporous PEGDA/AA microgel. The adsorption of cationic species was significantly improved when pH was increased from 3 to 9 due to a higher degree of ionization of AA monomeric units in the polymer network. The synthesized copolymer beads can be used in drug delivery to achieve improved loading capacity of positively charged therapeutic agents and in tissue engineering, where a negative charge of scaffolds coupled with porous structure can help to achieve improved permeability of high-molecular-weight metabolites and nutrients, and anti-fouling activity against negatively charged species.

Analysis of misalignment characteristics for textured foil journal bearing based on multigrid method

Surface texturing is an excellent solution to the load capacity deficiency of foil journal bearings. However, it will also introduce significant discretization efforts. This paper explored the possibility of searching the static balance locus of textured foil journal bearing using the multigrid method to ensure design efficiency. The modified Reynolds equation characterized the ultra-thin gas film behavior inside bump-type foil bearing, and two foil models were adopted simultaneously to obtain the foil’s structural deflection. The predicted load capacity agreed well with the experimental data. The results indicate that multigrid can accelerate the solution process of the compressible pressure governing equation, and the speed can be increased up to 70% when the nonlinear discretization scheme is adopted. It is recommended that textures are located in the pressure-rising region along the shaft’s rotating direction and that the axial direction is fully textured to improve load capacity. Moreover, the above texture distribution scheme can increase the tolerable maximum misalignment angle by 11.8% and enhance the stability of rotors operated in light-load and high-speed cases.

Performance of electro-rheological (ER) lubricant operated hybrid circular thrust pad bearing considering 3D surface irregularities

This paper describes the behaviour of ER lubricated hybrid circular thrust pad bearing (HCTB) having three-dimensional (3D) surface irregularities. Finite element analysis has been used to solve the Reynolds equation and the orifice restrictor equation to analyze the behaviour of hybrid circular thrust pad bearing with irregular surface. The use of ER lubricant and consideration of 3D surface irregularities results in improved load capacity, and damping coefficient, but reduces the stiffness coefficient of HCTB. The dynamic stiffness S̅ and damping C̅ coefficients gets altered around − 98% and 44.45% respectively due to the synergic effect of ER lubricant (V=800volt) and 3D surface irregularity (h̅a=0.2) in comparison to smooth surface (h̅a=0) HCTB lubricated with Newtonian Fluid (V=0volt).

Optimization design and analysis of internal gear transmission with double contact points

Internal gear transmission with double contact points is consist of the pinion having circular-arc tooth profile and the internal gear having parabola tooth profile. To further improve load capacity and reduce total volume of internal gear drive with double contact points, a multi-objective and multi-parameter optimization mathematical model is established based on genetic algorithm. Through the comparison analysis, contact stress of tooth surfaces after optimization design is reduced by 21.9% and the volume of gear after optimization design is reduced by 3.93%. Furthermore, contact characteristics of tooth surfaces are discussed considering the parameters optimization of contact angles and pressure angles. Based on Hertz contact theory, theoretical calculations of contact stresses under different contact angles and pressure angles are provided. And finite element method is used to analyze the contact conditions of tooth surfaces to verify theoretical calculation results. Research results show that contact angle of the internal gear pair with double contact points should less than 12.5° and pressure angle of the internal gear pair with double contact points should be 20°–30°.

A path towards green revolution: How do competitive industrial performance and renewable energy consumption influence environmental quality indicators?

This paper probes the effectiveness of competitive industrial performance (CIP) and renewable energy in enhancing load capacity factor in top-10 CIP economies for the period 1990–2018. We run panel econometric techniques that address cross-sectional dependence, endogeneity and heterogeneity to provide policy recommendations with the applications of industry, innovation, and infrastructure (SDG 9), which is linked to affordable and clean energy (SDG 7) and climate action (SDG 13). In the empirical analysis, two different environmental quality indicators such as CO2 emissions and load capacity factor are used. While cointegration between variables cannot be detected in the emissions model, evidence for the existence of cointegration is presented in the load capacity factor model. The findings in the paper suggest that economic growth and competitive industrial performance adversely impact environmental quality, while renewable energy consumption and human capital can improve load capacity factor. The result shows that human capital and renewable energy consumption can be strong tools for stimulating load capacity factor in top-10 CIP economies. Countries with high competitive industrial performance need to return to a green economy without losing their competitiveness.

Continuous flow modulates zein nanoprecipitation solvent environment to obtain colloidal particles with high curcumin loading

Differences in supersaturation rates may cause stepwise precipitation of active ingredients and colloidal particles, thus producing low loading capacity vehicles. Shortening the mixing time of the solvent and the antisolvent is a strategy to achieve almost simultaneous supersaturation of the active ingredients and the colloidal particles. In this study, electrostatic co-assembly process of zein and sodium hyaluronate (SH) was used to embedding curcumin. The ethanol-water laminar diffusion with controlled mixing time (102.06–13.23 ms) was obtained by changing the flow ratios (8–24) using a flow-focused microfluidics chip. The particle size of zein-SH nanoparticles decreased from 319.3 ± 1.7 nm to 79.8 ± 0.7 nm with the increase of flow ratio (8–24). Continuous flow prepared zein-SH nanoparticles showed more ordered secondary structures than bulk mixing. Bulk mixing prepared curcumin-embedded samples also presented dendritic crosslinking, with 0.4 ± 0.5% loading capacity due to curcumin precipitation earlier than colloidal particles supersaturation. However, with millisecond mixing time, a high flow ratio prepared sample (∼77 nm) showed 97.2 ± 0.6% encapsulation efficiency, 11.1 ± 0.1% loading capacity, and significantly better bioaccessibility in the in-vitro gastrointestinal digestion. According to the FTIR and XRD analysis, curcumin can be embedded into zein-SH nanoparticles through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. The millisecond antisolvent time provided by continuous flow offers the possibility of tuning the secondary structure and improving loading capacity during the electrostatic co-assembly of colloidal particles.

The role of ICT, R&D spending and renewable energy consumption on environmental quality: Testing the LCC hypothesis for G7 countries

Intense anthropogenic air, water, and soil pollution motivates researchers and this study to analyze the determinants of pollution and propose solutions to ensure environmental sustainability. By using the load capacity factor to examine the factors that determine environmental quality and by proposing the load capability curve (LCC) hypothesis, this study adds to the existing environmental literature. The load capacity factor allows for comprehensive environmental quality monitoring of environmental quality by comparing ecological footprint and biocapacity. This study evaluates the load capacity factor in relation to information and communication technology (ICT), research and development (R&D), renewable energy consumption, and income. In doing so, the study applies the cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag estimator and the Durbin-Haussman cointegration test from 1986 to 2017 for the G7 countries. The empirical results show that renewable energy, R&D spending, and ICT positively affect environmental quality. Moreover, since there is a U-shaped relationship between environmental quality and income, this study confirms the LCC hypothesis, implying that income initially deteriorates ecological conditions but helps improve environmental quality after crossing a certain threshold. The bottom turning point is around US$ 46660–47909, where G7 countries such as Canada, Germany, Japan, and the United States have reached income levels that improve load capacity factor. Based on the overall results, G7 governments should promote economic development, disseminate renewable energy, direct R&D spending to areas of greatest benefit, and support the deployment of green ICT infrastructure as part of their environmental policies.

A Dual-Driven High Precision Rotary Platform Based on Stick-Slip Principle

Aiming at the realization of high precision angle adjusting, this article proposed a rotary platform based on stick-slip principle, which adopted a dual-driven working mode to realize large circular motion stroke and high loading capacity. Based on flexure hinges, a symmetrical flexible mechanism with two driving feet was designed to generate coupled driving displacement. By actuating the piezoelectrics alternatively, the proposed dual-driven working principle was described in detail, which could effectively suppress the back-off phenomenon and improve loading capacity. The theoretical analysis and finite element simulation were conducted to investigate the characteristic of flexible driving unit. The dynamic model of dual-driven working mode was established and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink, and the influence of preloading coefficient and initial preloading force were investigated, which provided a guidance for the design and optimization of stick-slip actuator. Additionally, a prototype was fabricated, and a series of experiments were conducted. The results indicated that the maximum rotary speed and loading capacity of rotary platform were 48.3 mrad/s and 98.8 mN·m, respectively.

A dual engine-triggered DNA walker based on luminous perylene-TiO2 nanospheres for efficient electrochemiluminescence bioassay

Despite the intrinsic programmability and flexible biological functions of DNA walkers, it remains challenging for traditional DNA walkers to precisely control mechanical running paths in nanoscale spaces. In this work, an elegant dual engine-triggered DNA walker was elaborated based on precise orientation protocol, applying the DNA cube as the scaffold for anchoring the dual swing arms as engines and tracks as signal switches. The order arrangement and dual engines enhanced the operating efficiency and controllability of the DNA walker markedly. Moreover, the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) molecule perylene doped-titanium dioxide (Pe-TiO2) organic–inorganic nanospheres with low cost and high reproducibility were synthesized as the ECL emitters by one-step sol–gel method. It was worth noting that TiO2 gel not only restricted the stacking mode of Pe molecules in vibration and rotation, but also enhanced the interfacial charge transfer ability in organic–inorganic hybrid mode, resulting in the improvement of ECL efficiency and structural stability. Based on the luminous Pe-TiO2 nanospheres, a ternary ECL system was proposed with S2O82− as coreactant, and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as coreaction accelerator. Ultimately, by combing the dual engine-triggered DNA walker with the ternary ECL system, an efficient ECL bioassay platform was developed for microRNA let 7a (let-7a) detection with a wide linear range from 10 fmol/L to 100 nmol/L and a low detection limit of 7.0 fmol/L. Hence, this work offered a universal strategy to predesign walking paths and improve loading capacity in virtue of DNA nanostructures, as well as to expand the biology research of planar organic luminophores in an organic–inorganic hybrid manner.