Improve Engine Performance Research Articles

Effects of reformed exhaust gas recirculation (REGR) of ethanol-gasoline fuel blends on the combustion and emissions of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine

Transportation is one of fast-growing sources of greenhouse gas emission worldwide. Road transport accounts as the main cause of HC, CO, NOX, CO2, and PM emissions. Ethanol blended fuel could improve engine performance and reduce both gaseous and PM emissions. Meanwhile, reformed exhaust gas recirculation (REGR) is introduced to achieve simultaneous reduction of NOX and PM from gasoline engines. In this work, the effect of REGR on combustion characteristics, and emissions of the gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine fuelled with ethanol-gasoline fuel blends (E10 and E20) was investigated. The H2 and CO mixture were used as a simulated REGR charge which was fed to the GDI engine’s intake manifold. The H2/CO ratio was determined via modelling of ethanol-gasoline fuel blend reforming based on equilibrium analysis. Moreover, the characteristics of PM emission (e.g. size distribution, primary particle size, morphology) were explored using TEM imaging. The results revealed that REGR could simultaneously improve both the engine thermal efficiency and engine-out emissions. A total number of PM particles and average primary particle size were reduced and compared with baseline (no-EGR) condition. An insight from this investigation can be used for designing control strategies to reduce the negative impact of internal combustion engine usage on human health and environment.

Performance characteristics and exhaust emissions of a single-cylinder diesel engine for different fuels: Experimental investigation and artificial intelligence network

In the current work, as the first phase, the main emphasis deals with the experimental study of the performance characteristics (effective power Peff and exhaust gas temperature Texh) and exhaust emissions (including CO, CO2, HC, and NOx) of a 4-stroke single-cylinder diesel (SCD) engine. The data are extracted from the engine tested for two inlet air temperatures (Tair), and three coolant temperatures (Tcoolant) at five different speeds (nm). To make the investigations even more comprehensive, all the tests are repeated for three different fuels including diesel (D100), diesel–kerosene blend (D95K5), and diesel–water blend (D90W10). In the second phase, an artificial intelligence network (AIN) is trained for expanding the outputs of the experiments. Analyzing the experiments’ outputs revealed that increasing Tair leads to three significant improvements including: reduction of emissions, shortening the ignition delay, and prevention of the quenching phenomenon. This is while, Tcoolant has a slight effect. Also, results illustrated that the superiority of D90W10 over the two other investigated fuels in the improvement of engine performance and exhaust emissions. So that, almost 1.67% and 0.97% more power is available on average using by D90W10 blend compared to the D100 fuel and D95K5 blend, respectively. The findings of the AIN showed that the developed model is capable to estimate the engine performance and diesel exhaust emissions (DEE) with a correlation coefficient of 0.99921, 0.99952, 0.93959, 0.96980, 0.95826, and 0.99746 for Peff, Texh, CO, CO2, HC, and NOx, respectively.

Processing and Characterization of AA2618/Sicp Metal Matrix Composites by Stir Casting Method

The future performance requirements of aero-engines must have improved thrust to weight ratios, reduced SFC and reduced signatures. Current materials technology within aero engines will restrict the thermodynamic cycle improvements and thus new materials and manufacturing techniques must be developed if the predicted improvements in engine performance will be due to material technology. The potential of metal matrix composite (MMC) materials for significant improvement in performance over conventional alloys have been recognized widely. However, their manufacturing costs are still relatively high. A critical step in the processing of cast particle reinforced MMCs is the incorporation of the ceramic particles into the molten matrix alloy. Therefore, wettability of the reinforcement particle by the matrix alloy must be optimized even though some of the methods are expensive and complex and some are cheap and simple technique. In order to produce 2618/SiCp MMC with maximum yield, two types of mixing i.e. liquid state and semi-solid state mixings have been introduced in the stir casting process with the support of process parameters from literatures. The process parameters utilized in each trial and results obtained in these processes are also highlighted. The density, hardness and tensile properties obtained in both the mixing processes are discussed. The study is carried out to assess the behaviour of AA2618/SiCp MMC for the fabrication of compressor blade.

Experimental investigations on SI engine with piston coatings and gasoline blends

Internal combustion engine fuel use is rising, gas prices are fluctuating, we are using less fossil fuels and natural resources, and we need to develop alternative fuels with lower carbon contents. This study compares several gasoline mixtures in a single-cylinder, two-stroke SI engine. The current experimental work provides a thermal barrier for gasoline mixtures containing ethanol, butanol, and propanol by 100-µm piston crown coatings of magnesium partially stabilized zirconium (Mg-PSZ). 20% ethanol and 80% gasoline, 20% butane and 80% gasoline, and 20% propane and 80% gasoline made up the fuel mixture samples. The following engine variables must be assessed in this experiment for coated and uncoated pistons: brake-thermal efficiency (BTH), specific fuel consumption (SFC), and HC and CO emissions. According to the experiment findings, employing E20 resulted in a 4% gain in thermal efficiency, a 1.78% decrease in specific fuel consumption, and a 2.0% and 2.4% decrease in HC and CO exhaust emissions. The results show that heat barrier coatings and gasoline blends (E20) may improve engine performance while lowering exhaust emissions.

Influence of modified operating parameters and thermal barrier coating on diesel engine performance using punnai oil mixture

The current investigation examined how the combined use of Modified Operating Parameter (MOP) and Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) enhanced the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine running on Punnai oil fuel. In this study, it was found that the Punnai oil blended with diesel could effectively increase engine efficiency and decrease emissions under MOP and TBC. Based on the results of the testing, the 60 P (where P denotes the blend percentage of Punnai oil in Diesel) fuel blend proved to be the most efficient fuel blend for the engine in terms of Cylinder Pressure, Heat Release Rate (HRR), and Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) in comparison with the 70 P and 80 P fuel blends. Furthermore, the 60 P blend demonstrated lower emissions of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Hydrocarbons (HC) than the other blends, although it produced higher levels of Nitrous Oxide (NOx) and Smoke Opacity. The study indicates that utilizing a 60 P Punnai oil fuel could result in improved engine performance and reduced emissions.

Aerodynamic Calculation and Computer Numerical Simulation Methods Applied in Jet Engine Research

The development status of aero-engines is a sign of a country's technological development level and comprehensive national strength. Jet engines undergone a rapid development since being invented and are widely applied in both commercial and military aircraft nowadays. The objective of jet engines is to provide thrust for aircraft and maintain high performance in different flight segments. Engine design choice must be compromised to balance different selection criteria. This article reviews the development history of jet engines and reviews the development paths of jet engines in various technical fields in detail. It also summarizes the current state and development of jet engines from the civil and military fields and finally looks forward to the future development of jet engines. The discussion of several publications shows that considerable attention has been paid in reducing emissions, increasing fuel efficiency and reducing noise. Advanced manufacturing technologies and materials could improve engine performance. Establish new operations could be another future direction while it has limitations. Bio-fuel could be a promising solution in reducing emissions while its feasibility in meeting real operating conditions still need to be investigated.

Experimental study on the effects of injection pressure on the combustion in a SI aviation piston engine fueled with kerosene

Kerosene becomes an alternative to gasoline in aviation piston engines for its safety and easy replenishment on some special occasions. However, the low octane number of kerosene tends to cause the knock of SI engine, as a result, most of the current SI kerosene engines run in an operation mode of two-stroke, which has the disadvantage of a low compression ratio and high fuel consumption. This study conducted a series of experiments on a two-stroke SI kerosene engine equipped with an air-assisted direct injection system to improve engine performance and fuel economy by increasing injection pressure and combining it with control strategy optimization. First, the effects of injection pressure on the combustion of kerosene engines were studied, including cylinder pressure, combustion rate, and the stability of combustion. The results show that increasing the injection pressure shortens the ignition delay, accelerates the combustion, and substantially improves the combustion stability. Then, the effects of increasing the injection pressure on the control strategies of injection advance angle, ignition advance angle, and fuel injection duration were investigated. Ultimately, based on the investigation of the effects of injection pressure on the control strategies, two optimizations of control strategies were obtained to reduce fuel consumption and increase power, respectively, with the former reducing fuel consumption by 14.9% and the latter increasing power by 6%.

Evaluation of Performance Improvement of Gasoline Fuels by Adding Propanol, Ethanol, and Diisopropyl Ether along with Metal Oxides of CeO2 and Fe2O3

Many studies focusing on the composition of gasoline with any type of fuel additives have shown that the overall engine performance has a significant impact on reducing emissions. In this research work, ethanol, isopropanol, and diisopropyl ether as oxygenated additive with cerium oxide (CeO2) and iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) as metal nanoparticles were combined with pure gasoline. Due to the more oxygen they have in their structure, these alcohol additives reduce pollutants and complete combustion. Metal nanoparticles also improve the performance of the engine due to the proper potential. To check the efficiency of the new fuel, a four-stroke engine connected to a dynamometer and an analyzer tested different conditions: speed of 1500 and 2000 rpm and loading percentage of 30 and 40%. Analyzed data include the engine power, and the amount of CO, CO2, HC, and NOx released. The power of the engine on gasoline fuel was 14.43 at 1500 rpm, and once the test was repeated with mixed fuel with additives, it increased to 17.5, which indicates an improvement in engine performance. The amount of CO emissions at 1500 rpm with gasoline fuel was 3.25, and once repeating the test with the same engine rpm with mixed fuel, it decreased to 1.68. The amount of CO2 at 1500 rpm with gasoline fuel was 3.8 and repeating the test with mixed gasoline, it was 5.7. The amount of HC emission with gasoline was 65, and it was 62 when tested with mixed fuel. The amount of NOx released in comparison of gasoline fuel with mixed fuel reached from 264 to 533. The performance improvement and pollutant emissions are fully described in the conclusion section. The analyzed data were calculated and transformed into a model. Among the additives used, isopropanol and CeO2 nanoparticles had better results in optimizing the fuel, reducing the pollutants, and increasing the engine performance. The optimization results show that the use of isopropanol (5%) and CeO2 (1.39 wt. %) as well as diisopropyl ether (4 wt. %) at high engine speed (1504.97 rpm) can be improved engine performance and reduce exhaust gas emissions.

Improved Engine Performance Using Ozone Generator

An increase in the number of vehicles today will result in an increase in fuel oil consumption and emission pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize for fuel oil economy and emission reduction by improving engine performance. Improving engine performance can be done through several factors, including; with compression ratio, volumetric efficiency and fuel quality. The purpose of this study is to prove that with the addition of ozone (O3) the combustion process will be more reactive than oxygen (O2) so that it can produce faster and more complete combustion, This study will convert oxygen (O2) into more reactive ozone (O3) by using a 15 g/h plasma plasma generator ozone installed on an air filter. Engine performance testing includes engine power and torque using a 50L super dyno type dynamometer chassis. The test results showed, with ozone generator engine torque increased from 0 – 0.5 Nm and increased engine power from 0 – 0.4 KW compared to without using an ozone generator. Nevertheless, the use of ozone (O3) at a high equivalent ratio can lead to knocking

Experimental assessment of performance, emission and lube oil deterioration using gasoline and LPG for a sustainable environment

The unfavorable environmental hazards by conventional fuels like gasoline have stirred scientists to pursue less detrimental and more effective fuels. Mostly, the oxygenated and biofuels produced higher CO2 and NOx emissions due to improved combustion. These greenhouse gases are mainly responsible for global warming which is considered a serious environmental threat nowadays. Therefore, efforts need to be rendered to look for such alternative fuels which not only improve engine efficiency but also reduce hazardous emissions. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) has long been considered for improved engine performance and reduced harmful emissions. However, rare efforts have been made to evaluate fuel efficiency by assessing the damage imparted to lubricating oil. This existing gap has been filled by a thorough assessment of performance, manifold emissions, and the wearing of lube oil using gasoline and LPG in spark ignition (SI) engines. The fuels were investigated through vital parameters: brake power (BP), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and exhaust emissions. Although LPG showed average lessened BSFC (15.13%) and increased BTE (14.34%), the gasoline kept itself in the competition by producing average 23.74% higher brake power. All the hazardous tailpipe emissions improved considerably for LPG. Similarly, the degradation of physical and chemical properties, the concentration of metallic particles, and the depletion rate of additives also favoured the gaseous fuel. The statistical significance of performance and emission terms with speed was figured out using the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient (R). BSFC and hydrocarbon Pearson concentration emerged negatively correlated to speed with values of −0.813 and - 0.996, respectively, for LPG.

Evaluation of CI Engine Performance, Emissions, and Combustion Characteristics Using Corn Biofuel Blend with Divergent Cr's and Exhaust Gas Recirculation

This thesis investigates the potential of corn oil biodiesel as a renewable alternative fuel for diesel engines. An experimental study is conducted to enhance the engine characteristics of corn oil blended diesel through various approaches, including adjusting the compression ratio, employing different exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates, and incorporating Nano additives into the fuel. Preliminary examinations of corn oil methyl ester (COME) blends at 10%, 20%, and 30% reveal that the COME20 blend outperforms the others, establishing it as the preferred blend for further investigation. Subsequently, the investigation proceeds with COME20 at different load and speed conditions. The experimental results demonstrate notable improvements in engine performance. Specifically, at a compression ratio of 20:1 (CR20:1) compared to 18:1 (CR18:1), brake thermal efficiency increases by 2.72%, and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreases by 7.8%. Furthermore, significant reductions in exhaust emissions, including carbon monoxide (17.64%), unburnt hydrocarbons (13.8%), and smoke opacity (3.5%), are observed. However, there is an increase in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. In terms of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), the addition of 6% and 12% EGR to COME20-CR20 results in reduced NOx emissions compared to diesel. Notably, the 12% EGR exhibits a greater reduction in NOx emissions but compromises engine performance to a greater extent than the 6% EGR. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of optimizing engine design (compression ratio), control (EGR rate), and fuel reformulation (COME biodiesel blending) to facilitate the efficient utilization of COME biodiesel blended diesel fuel in compression ignition (CI) engines. The findings contribute to the advancement of renewable fuel technologies and offer insights for future developments in the field of sustainable transportation. KEYWORDS: Corn oil biodiesel, Renewable alternative fuel, BSFC (Brake-specific fuel consumption), Compression ratio, Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), Nano additives, COME20 blend

Self-Tuning Backstepping Control with Kalman-like Filter for High-Precision Control of Automotive Electronic Throttle

The automotive electronic throttle (AET) control system has been widely applied in modern automotive engines, and accurate control of AET can improve engine performance as well as reduce pollution emissions. However, the noise in the sensor circuit and the variation in automotive driving conditions seriously affect the control performance of the AET system, making controller designing challenging. This paper proposes a self-tuning backstepping control with a Kalman-like filter (SBCKLF) strategy. First, the noise affecting the position sensor measurement is verified to be non-Gaussian by acquiring and processing the noise signal. To eliminate its influence on control precision, a Kalman-like filter is introduced to estimate the real position of the valve. Then, a self-tuning backstepping controller is designed to automatically adapt to the variation in vehicle driving conditions. A self-tuning algorithm based on fuzzy control is used to tune the parameters of the backstepping controller online, so as to optimize the controller performance. Finally, an experimental platform based on dSPACE for the AET control system is built to perform the controller comprehensive test in a real-time environment. Experimental results and performance analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed SBCKLF strategy. Compared to the best results of other methods, the proposed method reduces the maximum and root mean square tracking errors by 21.65% and the average error by 12.89%. The steady-state and tracking error bounds are controlled to 0.9° and 2.3°, respectively. It also shows that the SBCKLF strategy has the strongest robustness as well as the best response speed.

Effect of Thermal Overload Relay (TOR) as Overheating Protection on BSR-10 Type Biofuel Pelletizer Molding Machine

BSR-10 type biofuel pellet forming machine is widely used in renewable energy industry to produce high quality biofuel pellets. However, prolonged operation and heavy loads on these engines can cause their temperature to rise excessively and potentially damage the electric motors. To overcome this problem, this study aims to investigate the effect of using a Thermal Overload Relay (TOR) as a protection against overheating in a BSR-10 type biofuel pellet forming machine. This research involves measuring temperature and engine performance when operated with and without TOR. Motor temperature and engine ambient temperature are observed and recorded during normal operation and heavy load situations. In addition, engine performance in terms of rotational speed, energy consumption and pellet production were also evaluated with and without TOR. The results showed that the use of TOR significantly reduced the motor temperature in the BSR-10 type biofuel pellet forming machine. When given a heavy load, the engine that is protected by TOR shows a more stable and controlled temperature compared to the engine without TOR. In addition, TOR-equipped machines also show improvements in overall performance, including more stable rotational speeds, more efficient energy consumption and consistent pellet production. In conclusion, the use of Thermal Overload Relay (TOR) as protection against overheating in the BSR-10 type biofuel pellet forming machine is effective in controlling motor temperature, improving engine performance, and preventing damage caused by excess temperature. This research provides a better understanding of the use of TOR in the context of biofuel pelletizing machines and can provide useful guidance to the renewable energy industry in improving the operational efficiency and reliability of their machines..

Co-optimization of operating parameters, fuel composition, and piston bowl geometry of gasoline compression ignition (GCI) engine at high loads

Focusing on the gasoline compression ignition (GCI) combustion mode, the operating parameters, fuel composition, and piston bowl geometry were collaboratively optimized at high loads to improve engine performance. A meliorative genetic algorithm coupled with a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program was adopted as the optimization tool. The optimal GCI combustion strategy is summarized based on the optimization results, and the key parameters affecting engine performance at high loads are further analyzed. The results show that the employment of the open-type piston bowl, high-reactivity fuel, and late start of injection (SOI) is desirable for GCI engines at high loads. Under this strategy, fuel burns in multiple stages, which can reduce the heat release rate and advance the combustion phase. The width of the piston bowl is the geometric parameter with the most notable impact on GCI combustion. Due to the weaker turbulent kinetic energy and the smaller surface area, the larger piston bowl width is conducive to diminishing the heat transfer losses of the engine and promoting the oxidation of unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. Relative to the optimal case, the strategy with the open-type piston bowl, high-reactivity fuel, and early SOI can reduce fuel consumption but results in a higher in-cylinder pressure rise rate and increased ringing intensity (RI). On the contrary, the re-entrant type piston bowl, low-reactivity fuel, and late SOI can significantly reduce the pressure rise rate and RI while deteriorating thermal efficiency.

Enabling off-highway diesel engine downsizing and performance improvement using electrically assisted turbocharging

Internal combustion engine (ICE) downsizing through various turbocharging configurations is generally known by the powertrain design community as an effective means to reduce frictional losses, increase waste heat recovery, and improve fuel efficiency while increasing engine power density. However, often is the case that turbocharging strategies, including variable geometry turbochargers, and regulated two-stage turbochargers, incur the performance tradeoff between transient response and fuel economy (pumping losses) at high engine speeds. For off-highway vehicles having particularly transient and high-powered duty cycles, efforts to improve this tradeoff and increase operational flexibility have turned to evaluating various electrified air system architectures. In this study, a 4.5 L diesel-ICE configured with an electrically driven compressor (eBooster®) is placed in series with a conventional turbocharger and integrated into a 48 V mild-hybrid powertrain architecture. The objective of this powertrain configuration is to enable engine downsizing by 34%, replacing the current 6.8 L ICE platform with the hybridized 4.5 L ICE concept. The commercial 1-D simulation software GT-SUITE is used for powertrain system development and system optimization. Development and validation of the GT-SUITE model and air system controls is concurrently supported through experimental data collection. The simulation model development includes using machine learning methods for optimizing exhaust gas dilution, injection timing, and eBooster® power to improve steady-state and transient brake-specific fuel consumption while minimizing criteria pollutant emissions. It was found that total specific fluid consumption over the standardized non-road transient engine duty cycle could be reduced by 18% over the current 6.8 L engine by using an optimized eBoosted 4.5 L engine. The hybridized 4.5 L engine concept concurrently showed sufficient transient response capability and nearly an order of magnitude reduction in duty cycle total soot production.

Prediction of the NOx and CO2 emissions from an experimental dual fuel engine using optimized random forest combined with feature engineering

This study was conducted to investigate the performance of a novel Random Forest (RF) model for predicting variables from an original experimental dataset of a diesel engine adapted to work with both compressed natural gas and diesel fuels. The aim was to develop a reliable framework for diesel engine emissions prediction that could assist designers, engineers, and decision-makers in optimizing engine performance and reducing emissions. The engine was modified to run on compressed natural gas as well as diesel fuel, and five variables were studied. Trials were done on a six-cylinder diesel engine to assess the RF model, employing various factors for improving engine performance and emissions, such as fuel injection angles, air-fuel ratio mixtures, diesel-to-gas exchange rates, and fuel rail pressure. A tree structured Parzen estimator and six feature engineering approaches were used to tune the RF model's parameters. In addition, the Shapley Additive explanation (SHAP) approach adapting a concept coming from game theory is employed to interpret the RF model outputs. The results analysis showed that the RF model correctly predicted the output signals of the diesel engine, with determination coefficient R2 of 0.9811, 0.9276, 0.9516, 0.8842, and 0.8944, respectively, for the studied five output variables. The RF regression model's predictive power can be used to generate an efficient modeling framework, and successfully predicts the output signals of the diesel engine, confirming the viability, effectiveness, and competitive performance.

Optimizing RCCI combustion for improved engine performance under low load conditions: Impact of low-reactivity fuel and direct injection timing

The objective of this study is to explore the challenges associated with the RCCI (Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition) concept under low loads, where there may be insufficient combustion or misfires caused by a lean fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. To address this issue, optical diagnostics and post-processing techniques are utilized to investigate the effects of low-reactivity fuel and direct injection timing on combustion and flame characteristics in a dual-fuel engine under such conditions. The study tested three different low-reactivity fuels and five different direct injection (DI) timings while maintaining hydrogenated catalytic biodiesel (HCB) as a high-reactivity fuel. The research findings reveal that an increase in ethanol content results in longer ignition delay and a displacement of the ignition kernels towards the downstream of the fuel stream. Consequently, a more homogeneous combustion process and slower flame propagation occur, ultimately reducing the combustion intensity, cylinder pressure, and peak apparent heat release rate. Premixing E10 allows for a higher indicated mean efficient pressure (IMEP) of 0.20 MPa, exceeding E0 by 0.02 MPa and E100 by 0.05 MPa. The research also highlights that delaying the DI timing of HCB reduces ignition delay time and creates a higher concentration gradient of the combustible mixture, resulting in a higher apparent heat release rate and shorter combustion duration. Additionally, natural combustion luminosity images indicate that delaying the DI timing substantially impacts the characteristics of flame kernels generation and propagation. The ignition kernels formed shifted gradually from the near-wall region to upstream region of the spray, as the blue flame area and front propagation speed showed a significant increase. Retarded DI timing can achieve more favorable flame propagation and a higher IMEP under low loads conditions with a higher premixed energy ratio, while effectively reducing the impact of spray-wall impingement and pool burning phenomena. These findings provide insights into optimizing RCCI combustion for improved engine performance under low load conditions.

Prospects of Bioethanol from Agricultural Residues in Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a middle-income country. With the development of the industrial and agricultural sectors, the demand for petroleum-based fuels in the transport sector has been steadily growing. Diesel, petrol, octane (C8H18), liquid petroleum gas (LPG), and compressed natural gas are mainly used as fuels in the transportation sectors of Bangladesh. The government imports LPG as well as refined, crude, and furnace oil from abroad to meet the country’s growing energy demand. Apart from that, Bangladesh has a shortage of natural gas reserves, which is a great concern. As a result, it is essential to find and use renewable fuel sources. Since Bangladesh is an agricultural country, bioethanol could be the best alternative fuel generated from agricultural residues and waste. Every year, a large amount of agricultural residue is generated in this country, from which a vast amount of bioethanol could be produced. Bioethanol derived from agricultural residue and waste can reduce dependency on fossil resources, reduce fossil fuel’s environmental impact, and improve engine performance. This article comprehensively reviews the bioethanol production potential from agricultural residues and investigates the opportunities and possibilities in Bangladesh. The research outcomes reveal that in the fiscal year 2019–2020, approximately 46.5 million tons of agricultural residue were generated from the available major crops, from which about 19.325 GL (gigalitres) of bioethanol could be generated. This current study also investigates the practical methods of bioethanol production from different agricultural feedstocks and identifies the challenges related to bioethanol production in Bangladesh.

The impacts of nano fuels containing Fe-Ni-TiO2/activated carbon nanoparticles on diesel engine performance and emission characteristics

. Biofuels, which are widely used as alternative fuels to reduce fossil fuel consumption and replace them with fossil fuel-like energy sources, are increasingly being supplemented with nanoparticles (NP) to overcome their limitations, including lower energy content and higher emissions. The study aimed to examine the impact of Fe-Ni-TiO2/activated carbon (AC) nanoparticles, produced by the authors, on engine performance and emissions when added to diesel/biodiesel fuel blends. The produced Fe-Ni-TiO2/AC NP was employed as an additive in palm oil (PO)/diesel fuel blends at 50 and 100 ppm concentrations. The results revealed that compared to standard diesel, employing Fe-Ni-TiO2/AC NPs lowered emissions including smoke, carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbon (HC) in all fuel blends while increasing nitrogen oxide (NOx). In the DNP30-100 fuel blend at 2500 W engine load, there was an increase in NOx by 8% and a decrease in CO, HC, and smoke emissions by 70.3%, 86.3%, and 57.5%, respectively, compared to standard diesel. Furthermore, a decrease of 11.38% was observed in brake-specific fuel consumption, while brake thermal efficiency increased by 16.59% compared to diesel. The overall results suggest that using Fe-Ni-TiO2/AC as an additive in a diesel–biodiesel fuel blend can improve engine performance and decrease emissions.

Effect of Variations in Velocity Air Intake Cyclone Dimensions on Motorcycle Torque and Power

The Velocity Air Intake System is an important component in a motor vehicle engine, particularly in a 155cc engine. Its function is to optimize the airflow process to the throttle body or carburetor. However, many users or people tend to overlook the significance of improving engine performance by varying the model or replacing the velocity air intake system itself. One common issue is the diameter and shape of the airflow model, which can affect the power, torque, and exhaust emissions produced. Installing a velocity air intake system is one approach to achieve an efficient air delivery process into the combustion chamber. In our research conducted using a dyno test on a 155cc four-stroke engine, the results showed that using a 46 mm size yielded the highest power of 11.03 Hp and produced a torque of 12.39 N.m. Using a 47 mm size resulted in 11.02 Hp and decreased the torque to 12.28 N.m. With a 48 mm size, there was a decrease in power to 11.00 Hp and an increase in torque to 12.72 N.m, while using a 45 mm size led to a decrease in power to 10.09 Hp and produced a torque of 11.31 N.m.