Improved Blood Lipid Profile Research Articles

Cuban Policosanol (Raydel®) Potently Protects the Liver, Ovary, and Testis with an Improvement in Dyslipidemia in Hyperlipidemic Zebrafish: A Comparative Study with Three Chinese Policosanols.

Many policosanols from different sources, such as sugar cane and rice bran, have been marketed worldwide to improve blood lipid profiles. But so far, no comparative study has commenced elucidating the effect of different policosanols to improve the blood lipid profile and other beneficial effects. This study compared the efficacy of four different policosanols, including one sugar cane wax alcohol from Cuba (Raydel®) and three policosanols from China (Xi'an Natural sugar cane, Xi'an Realin sugar cane, and Shaanxi rice bran), to treat dyslipidemia in hyperlipidemic zebrafish. After 12 weeks of consumption of each policosanol (final 0.1% in diet, wt/wt) and a high-cholesterol diet (HCD, final 4%, wt/wt), the Raydel policosanol group and the Xi'an Natural policosanol group showed the highest survivability, of approximately 81%. In contrast, the Xi'an Realin policosanol and the Shaanxi policosanol groups showed 57% and 67% survivability, respectively. Among the five HCD groups, the Raydel policosanol group showed the lowest serum total cholesterol (TC, p < 0.001 versus HCD control) and triglyceride (p < 0.001 versus HCD control), with the highest percentage of high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol in TC. The Raydel policosanol group also showed the lowest serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, with the least infiltration of inflammatory cells and interleukin-6 production in hepatocytes with a marked reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and fatty liver changes. In the ovary, the Raydel policosanol group also showed the highest content of mature vitellogenic oocytes with the lowest production of reactive oxygen species and cellular apoptosis in ovarian cells. In the testes, the Raydel policosanol group also showed the healthiest morphology for spermatogenesis, with the lowest interstitial area and reactive oxygen species production in testicular cells. Conclusively, among the tested policosanols, Cuba (Raydel®) policosanol exhibited a comparatively better effect in maintaining zebrafish body weight, survivability, blood lipid profile, hepatic function biomarkers, fatty liver changes, ROS generation, inflammation, and restoration of the cell morphology in ovaries and testes affected by the HCD consumption.

Bioactive Properties, Bioavailability Profiles, and Clinical Evidence of the Potential Benefits of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) and Red Pepper (Capsicum annum) against Diverse Metabolic Complications.

The consumption of food-derived products, including the regular intake of pepper, is increasingly evaluated for its potential benefits in protecting against diverse metabolic complications. The current study made use of prominent electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus to retrieve clinical evidence linking the intake of black and red pepper with the amelioration of metabolic complications. The findings summarize evidence supporting the beneficial effects of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), including its active ingredient, piperine, in improving blood lipid profiles, including reducing circulating levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides in overweight and obese individuals. The intake of piperine was also linked with enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties by increasing serum levels of superoxide dismutase while reducing those of malonaldehyde and C-reactive protein in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Evidence summarized in the current review also indicates that red pepper (Capsicum annum), together with its active ingredient, capsaicin, could promote energy expenditure, including limiting energy intake, which is likely to contribute to reduced fat mass in overweight and obese individuals. Emerging clinical evidence also indicates that pepper may be beneficial in alleviating complications linked with other chronic conditions, including osteoarthritis, oropharyngeal dysphagia, digestion, hemodialysis, and neuromuscular fatigue. Notably, the beneficial effects of pepper or its active ingredients appear to be more pronounced when used in combination with other bioactive compounds. The current review also covers essential information on the metabolism and bioavailability profiles of both pepper species and their main active ingredients, which are all necessary to understand their potential beneficial effects against metabolic diseases.

Ozonated Sunflower Oil Exerted Potent Anti-Inflammatory Activities with Enhanced Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration Abilities against Acute Toxicity of Carboxymethyllysine in Zebrafish with Improved Blood Lipid Profile.

Ozonated sunflower oil (OSO) is an established therapeutic agent and nutraceutical harboring various therapeutic values, including antiallergic, derma-protective, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Conversely, the medicinal aspects of OSO for wound healing, tissue regeneration, and treatment of inflammation in dyslipidemia have yet to be fully elucidated. Herein, a comparative effect of OSO and sunflower oil (SO) was investigated to heal cutaneous wound and tissue regeneration of zebrafish impediment by carboxymethyllysine (CML) toxicity, following impact on hepatic inflammation and blood lipid profile. After OSO (final 2%, 1 μL) and SO's (final 2%, 1 μL) treatment, substantial healing was elicited by OSO in the cutaneous wound of zebrafish impaired by CML (final 25 μg). As an important event of wound healing, OSO scavenges the reactive oxygen species (ROS), rescues the wound from oxidative injury, and triggers the essential molecular events for the wound closer. Furthermore, the intraperitoneal injection of OSO was noted to counter the CML-induced adversity and prompt tissue regeneration in the amputated tail fin of zebrafish. Additionally, OSO counters the CML-induced neurotoxicity and rescues the zebrafish from acute mortality and paralysis, along with meticulous recovery of hepatic inflammation, fatty liver changes, and diminished ROS and proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-6 production. Moreover, OSO efficiently ameliorated CML-induced dyslipidemia by alleviating the total blood cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and increasing high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C). The outcome of multivariate assessment employing principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis supports a superior therapeutic potential of OSO over SO against the clinical manifestation of CML. Conclusively, OSO owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, counters CML-induced toxicity and promotes wound healing, tissue regeneration, hepatoprotection, improved blood lipid profile, and survivability of zebrafish.

OR14-06-23 Mealworms As Alternative Protein Reduced Weight Gain, Improved Blood Lipid Profiles, and Altered Adipose and Hepatic Gene Expression of Diet-Induced Obesity Mice

OR14-06-23 Mealworms As Alternative Protein Reduced Weight Gain, Improved Blood Lipid Profiles, and Altered Adipose and Hepatic Gene Expression of Diet-Induced Obesity Mice

Chios mastiha essential oil exhibits antihypertensive, hypolipidemic and anti-obesity effects in metabolically unhealthy adults - a randomized controlled trial

The essential oil of the resinous exudate from Pistacia lentiscus of Chios namely Chios Mastiha Essential Oil (CMEO), is a natural volatile oil rich in monoterpenes α-pinene, β-myrcene, β-pinene. In the present randomized controlled trial, we investigated the effects of CMEO on individuals with abdominal obesity and metabolic abnormalities i.e., dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance. Eligible patients (N = 94) were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, receiving capsules containing 200 mg of CMEO daily for 3 months adjunct to current treatment for metabolic disorder(s), or the control group. Anthropometric measurements, blood markers, and quality of life (QoL) were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed on an intention-to-treat basis. A significant improvement in blood lipid profile, namely triglycerides (p = 0.026) and low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.05) of the CMEO group versus controls was observed. Systolic blood pressure (p = 0.05) and alanine aminotransferase (p = 0.022) significantly decreased only after CMEO intake. Alike, weight decreased only in CMEO (p = 0.02), while mean changes in % body fat (p = 0.005) and visceral fat (p = 0.045) were significantly different between groups post-intervention. Lower oxidized LDL (p = 0.044) and higher adiponectin (p = 0.007) were recorded in CMEO with significant different mean changes between groups post-intervention. QoL, as assessed by Short Form-12 questionnaire was improved in the CMEO compared to control (p = 0.041 for Physical Composite Score, p = 0.035 for Mental Composite Score). No adverse effects were reported. An anti-obesity effect of CMEO, probably attributed to modulation of inflammatory and antioxidant processes, is suggested. Conclusively, CMEO can be safe and effective in regulating metabolic abnormalities, adjunct to treatment. (ClinicalTrials.gov. The effect of Mastiha oil in Metabolic Syndrome, ID Number: NCT04785573)

Effects of Nut Consumption on Blood Lipids and Lipoproteins: A Comprehensive Literature Update.

In the present review, we provide a comprehensive narrative overview of the current knowledge on the effects of total and specific types of nut consumption (excluding nut oil) on blood lipids and lipoproteins. We identified a total of 19 systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were available in PubMed from the inception date to November 2022. A consistent beneficial effect of most nuts, namely total nuts and tree nuts, including walnuts, almonds, cashews, peanuts, and pistachios, has been reported across meta-analyses in decreasing total cholesterol (mean difference, MD, -0.09 to -0.28 mmol/L), LDL-cholesterol (MD, -0.09 to -0.26 mmol/L), and triglycerides (MD, -0.05 to -0.17 mmol/L). However, no effects on HDL-cholesterol have been uncovered. Preliminary evidence indicates that adding nuts into the regular diet reduces blood levels of apolipoprotein B and improves HDL function. There is also evidence that nuts dose-dependently improve lipids and lipoproteins. Sex, age, or nut processing are not effect modifiers, while a lower BMI and higher baseline lipid concentrations enhance blood lipid/lipoprotein responses. While research is still emerging, the evidence thus far indicates that nut-enriched diets are associated with a reduced number of total LDL particles and small, dense LDL particles. In conclusion, evidence from clinical trials has shown that the consumption of total and specific nuts improves blood lipid profiles by multiple mechanisms. Future directions in this field should include more lipoprotein particle, apolipoprotein B, and HDL function studies.

Administration of Solo Garlic Extract (Allium sativum Var. Solo Garlic) Reduced Low Density Lipoprotein and Increased Superoxide Dismutase than Control in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Fed with High Fat Diet

Introduction: Obesity increases the release of ROS and cause oxidative stress. Solo Garlic Extract (Allium sativum Var. Solo Garlic) has secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, ajoene, organosulfur, allicin, phenol tannins and other compounds which are known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity and can improve blood lipid profiles. This study aims to prove the effect of solo garlic extract on LDL and SOD level in male Wistar rats fed with high-fat diet. Methods: This was true experimental research using post-test only control group design. The subjects were 30 male Wistar rats aged 2-3 months, weighing 150-200 grams that were randomly divided into 3 groups. The normal group (N) was given standard diet, the control group (C) was given high-fat diet and 1 cc of placebo, and the treatment group (T) was given high-fat diet and 0.2 gram in 1 cc of solo garlic extract, given once each day for 28 days. The blood was taken to examine LDL and SOD level after 28 days. Data was analyzed using One Way Anova. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in LDL: The N group (20.45 ug/mL), the C group (37.32 ug/mL) and The T group (24.44 ug/mL). The LDL in the T group was lower than that of the C group (p&lt;0.001) and the LDL in the T group was higher than the N group (p&lt;0.001). There was a significant difference in SOD between the N group (0.88 ng/mL), the C group (0, 89 ng/mL) and the T group (1.99 ng/mL). The SOD of the T group was higher than that of the C group (p&lt;0.001) and the N group (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Administration of 0.20 gram in 1cc/day of solo garlic extract reduced LDL level and increased SOD enzyme in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) fed with high-fat diet.

Perindopril prevents development of obesity and hypertension in middle aged diet-induced obese rat models of metabolic syndrome

AimsThe therapeutic properties of anti-hypertensive medications that extend beyond blood pressure lowering have started to become important clinical targets in recent years. This study aimed to assess the cardioprotective effects of perindopril in attenuating complications associated with metabolic syndrome in diet induced obese rats. Main methodsMale Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats aged 16 weeks were fed either standard rat chow (SC) or given a high-fat-high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet for 20 weeks. Perindopril treatment (1 mg/kg/day) was administered to a subset of WKY rats commencing at week 8 of the 20 week HFHC feeding period. Body weights, food, water and energy intakes, blood pressure, heart rate and glucose tolerance were measured throughout the treatment period. Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, lipid levels, cardiac collagen deposition, vascular function, aortic and cardiac electrical function were examined after the treatment. Key findingsWKY rats developed metabolic syndrome after 20 weeks of HFHC feeding, evidenced by the presence of abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, glucose intolerance and hypertension. Perindopril treatment prevented the development of obesity and hypertension in WKY-HFHC. Perindopril improved blood lipid profiles in HFHC rats with decreases in LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and total cholesterol. Type I collagen levels were decreased in WKY-HFHC rats along with decreases in left ventricle mass. Perindopril treated rats also showed improved cardiac electrical function indicated by decreases in action potential at 90 % of repolarisation in WKY-HFHC rats. SignificanceThese results show that perindopril has a profound effect on preventing the development of metabolic syndrome in animals fed a HFHC diet.

Olive pomace oil can improve blood lipid profile: a randomized, blind, crossover, controlled clinical trial in healthy and at-risk volunteers

PurposeThis study aimed to assess the effect of dietary consumption of olive pomace oil (OPO) on blood lipids (primary outcome) and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (blood pressure, inflammation and endothelial function as secondary outcomes).MethodsA randomized, controlled, blind, crossover intervention was carried out in healthy and at-risk (hypercholesterolemic) subjects. Participants consumed daily 45 g of OPO or high-oleic acid sunflower oil (HOSO) as control oil during 4 weeks.ResultsOPO significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; P = 0.003) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B; P = 0.022) serum concentrations, and LDL/HDL ratio (P = 0.027) in healthy and at-risk volunteers. These effects were not observed with HOSO. Blood pressure, peripheral artery tonometry (PAT), endothelial function and inflammation biomarkers were not affected.ConclusionsRegular consumption of OPO in the diet could have hypolipidemic actions in subjects at cardiovascular risk as well as in healthy consumers, contributing to CVD prevention.Clinical trial registryNCT04997122, August 8, 2021, retrospectively registered.

A Botanical Mixture Consisting of Inula japonica and Potentilla chinensis Relieves Obesity via the AMPK Signaling Pathway in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and HFD-Fed Obese Mice.

Excessive lipid accumulation in white adipose tissue (WAT) is the major cause of obesity. Herein, we investigated the anti-obesity effect and molecular mechanism of a botanical mixture of 30% EtOH extract from the leaves of Inula japonica and Potentilla chinensis (EEIP) in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. In vitro, EEIP prevented lipid accumulation by downregulating the expression of lipogenesis-related transcription factors such as CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1 via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by regulating the Akt-mTOR pathways without inducing cytotoxicity. In vivo, EEIP significantly reduced body weight gain and body fat mass in the group administered concurrently with HFD (pre-) or administered during the maintenance of HFD (post-) including subcutaneous, gonadal, renal, and mesenteric fats, and improved blood lipid profiles and metabolic hormones. EEIP pre-administration also alleviated WAT hypertrophy and liver lipid accumulation by reducing C/EBPα, PPARγ, and SREBP-1 expression via AMPK activation. In the brown adipose tissue, EEIP pre-administration upregulated the expression of thermogenic factors. Furthermore, EEIP improved the HFD-induced altered gut microbiota in mice. Taken together, our data indicated that EEIP improves HFD-induced obesity through adipogenesis inhibition in the WAT and liver and is a promising dietary natural material for improving obesity.

Intermittent fasting positively modulates human gut microbial diversity and ameliorates blood lipid profile.

AimThe aim was to evaluate the impact of intermittent fasting (IF) on human body mass index (BMI) and serum lipid profile thorough constructive rectification of gut microbiota.Methods and resultsFourteen healthy women and thirty-one men were included in the study. Their blood and fecal samples were collected before and at the end of the study. Blood parameters, anthropometric values, and gut microbiology were noted to investigate the impact of intermittent fasting (IF) on human gut microbiota and physiology. Our data revealed that IF reduces the body weight and improves blood lipid profile, such as increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and decreasing total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low- and very low-density lipoprotein levels. IF also decreases culturable aerobic bacterial count and increased fungal count. It was also found that the gut metagenome is altered considerably after IF. The human fecal bacterial diversity exhibited significant changes in decreased overall bacterial population, increased bacterial diversity (alpha diversity), and promoted evenness within the bacterial population at the species level. Anti-inflammatory bacteria Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were favorably increased, while pathogenic bacteria were decreased.ConclusionCollectively, these results indicated that IF could improve lipid profile and body weight in humans, and the potential mechanisms might be via regulating gut microbiota.Significance and impact of the studyWe demonstrated for the first time that IF improved body weight and blood lipid profile, indicating that IF could mitigate gut microbiota in humans.

New Specialized Food Product

ObjectivesAim of the study was to assess efficacy of new specialized food product “SPP2” in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). MethodsNew specialized food product (SPP2) was developed based on literature data on the efficacy of biologically active compounds in pathogenesis of NASH. It contains: protein, fat, ω-3 PUFAs, carbohydrates, soluble fibre, coenzime Q10, L-carnitine, α-lipoic acid, vitamins (A, B1, B2, B6, PP, B12, D3, C, K), phospholipids. Patients with NASH (per EASL guidelines), were invited to participate in the study and were randomized either to receive iso-caloric diet (based on the data of indirect caloriemetry) alone (ICD) or iso-caloric diet and SPP2 (SPP2). Repeated examinations of body composition with bioimpedance and blood tests were performed at baseline (BL) and after 14 days (EOT) of treatment. The patients were advised to follow usual physical activity during the study. Non-parametric statistics was used to compare BL and EOT characteristics in the groups. ResultsThe data of examination of 25 subjects were available. The ICD (n = 8) and SPP2 (n = 17) groups did not differ by demographic and baseline characteristics. The use of SPP2 allowed to achieve better control of weight in SPP2 group (mean ± SD): 117.5 ± 30.1 kg/m2 at BL vs 114.9 ± 28.8 kg/m2 at EOT, P < 0.01) than in ICD (106.7 ± 22.1 at BL vs 104.0 ± 16.8 kg/m2 at EOT, P = 0.07). In SPP2 group significant decrease of cholesterol (5.3 ± 1.3 mmol/L at BL vs 4.6 ± 1.3 mmol/L, P = 0.003), low density lipoproteids (3.7 ± 1.0 mmol/L at BL vs 3.3 ± 1.0 at EOT, P = 0.009), and HOMA-IR (6.1 ± 3.2 vs 3.2 ± 1.5, P = 0.04) was achieved, while in ICD these parameters remained unchanged. While ALT and AST decreased in both groups, significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase and gamma-GT was found only in SPP2 group. ConclusionsNew specialized food product “SPP2” in combination with iso-caloric diet lead to greater decrease of weight, than iso-caloric diet alone. It helps to achieve faster improvement of blood lipid profile and insulin resistance. Funding SourcesMinistry of Science and Higher Education of Russia, research grant FGMF-2022–0005.

Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, Inulin, and Oat Bran Reduce TC and LDL-C in Adults with Hypercholesterolaemia

The present study was carried out to examine the effect of daily intake of 20 × 109 CFU Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM or 10 g inulin or 10 g beta-glucan (β-glucan) or synbiotic on fasting blood lipid levels in healthy adult men and women with moderately raised total plasma cholesterol (TC). This study was a randomized-controlled intervention in which 30 participants received either 10 g inulin or 10 g β-glucan or 20 × 109 CFU L. acidophilus NCFM or synbiotic for a period of 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected before the supplementation period (baseline) and at week 8, with a follow-up at week 12. There was a trend for TC values, compared with baseline, to be lower in the probiotic group by 9.31%, (−0.55 mmol/l; P &gt; 0.05), inulin group by 9.58%, (−0.53 mmol/l; P &gt; 0.05), and β-glucan group by 8.55%, (−0.47 mmol/l; P &gt; 0.05) at week 8. There was a trend for LDL-C values, compared with baseline, to be lower in the probiotic group by 9.34% (−0.34 mmol/l; P &gt; 0.05), inulin group by 7.98% (−0.29 mmol/l; P &gt; 0.05), and β-glucan group by 16.08% (−0.41 mmol/l; P &gt; 0.05) at week 8. The changes were statistically insignificant but clinically significant in all groups except synbiotic, as all levels fell into the desirable biochemistry range. There were no statistical and clinical changes in the TC and LDL-C levels in synbiotic groups. There were no statistical and clinical changes in the HDL-C and TG levels in all groups. These data suggest that the intervention supplementation except synbiotics may improve blood lipid profiles, mainly TC and LDL-C.

High-Amylose Corn Starch Regulated Gut Microbiota and Serum Bile Acids in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Simple SummaryHigh-amylose corn starch, as a kind of resistant starch, could profoundly regulate the gut microbiota and exert anti-obesity properties. Since the gut microbiota was found to improve metabolic health by altering circulating bile acids, therefore, here we investigated the association between the gut microbiota and serum bile acids in high fat diet induced obese mice fed with high-amylose corn starch. We found high-amylose corn starch could modulate the gut microbiota composition and partially restore the alternations in circulating bile acid profiles in obese mice. These influences on gut microbiota and circulating bile acids could be the underlying mechanisms of anti-obesity activity of high-amylose corn starch.High-amylose corn starch is well known for its anti-obesity activity, which is mainly based on the regulatory effects on gut microbiota. Recently, the gut microbiota has been reported to improve metabolic health by altering circulating bile acids. Therefore, in this study, the influence of high-amylose corn starch (HACS) on intestinal microbiota composition and serum bile acids was explored in mice fed with a high fat diet (HFD). The results demonstrated HACS treatment reduced HFD-induced body weight gain, hepatic lipid accumulation, and adipocyte hypertrophy as well as improved blood lipid profiles. Moreover, HACS also greatly impacted the gut microbiota with increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes relative abundance being observed. Furthermore, compared to ND-fed mice, the mice with HFD feeding exhibited more obvious changes in serum bile acids profiles than the HFD-fed mice with the HACS intervention, showing HACS might restore HFD-induced alterations to bile acid composition in blood. In summary, our results suggested that the underlying mechanisms of anti-obesity activity of HACS may involve its regulatory effects on gut microbiota and circulating bile acids.

The efficacy of probiotics supplementation on the lipid profiles of obese adolescents : a randomized trial

Background: Obesity is defined as a medical condition characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat and is associated with an increased prevalence of dyslipidemia. Probiotics are living microorganisms, which upon consumption in sufficient numbers, exert health benefits. One of the benefits that has been studied is improving blood lipid profile. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of probiotics supplementation on obese adolescents’ lipid profiles. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial involving 58 obese adolescents aged 12-15 years in Denpasar City was performed. After the physical activity, nutritional intake, and lipid profile were assessed, subjects were randomized with random block into two groups: the treatment group who received sachet containing probiotics with five strains bacteria (Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium bifidum) and the control group who received placebo for eight weeks. During the study, there were six drop out subjects, and the final analysis was performed on 52 subjects. The data was analyzed using MANCOVA test, with p value of &lt;0,05 considered significant. Results: In the supplementation group, total cholesterol was decreased by 22,6 mg/dL (95% CI: -33.3 to -12.1, p = 0.0001), LDL was decreased by 16.9 mg/dL (95%CI: - 26.7 to -7.1, p = 0.001), and TG was decreased by 30.8 mg/dL (95%CI: -55.3 to -6.4, p = 0.014). Probiotic supplementation was not proven to increase HDL levels and HDL: LDL ratio with p values of 0.370 and 0.374, respectively. Conclusion: Probiotics supplementation in obese adolescent could reduce total cholesterol, LDL, TG, but had no effect on improving HDL levels and HDL: LDL ratio.

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus FM9 and Limosilactobacillus fermentum Y57 Are as Effective as Statins at Improving Blood Lipid Profile in High Cholesterol, High-Fat Diet Model in Male Wistar Rats.

Elevated serum cholesterol is a major risk factor for coronary heart diseases. Some Lactobacillus strains with cholesterol-lowering potential have been isolated from artisanal food products. The purpose of this study was to isolate probiotic Lactobacillus strains from traditional yoghurt (dahi) and yogurt milk (lassi) and investigate the impact of these strains on the blood lipid profile and anti-obesity effect in a high cholesterol high fat diet model in Wistar rats. Eight candidate probiotic strains were chosen based on in vitro probiotic features and cholesterol reduction ability. By 16S rDNA sequencing, these strains were identified as Limosilactibacillus fermentum FM6, L. fermentum FM16, L. fermentum FM12, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus FM9, L. fermentum Y55, L. fermentum Y57, L. rhamnosus Y59, and L. fermentum Y63. The safety of these strains was investigated by feeding 2 × 108 CFU/mL in saline water for 28 days in a Wistar rat model. No bacterial translocation or any other adverse effects were observed in animals after administration of strains in water, which indicates the safety of strains. The cholesterol-lowering profile of these probiotics was evaluated in male Wistar rats using a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFCD) model. For 30 days, animals were fed probiotic strains in water with 2 × 108 CFU/mL/rat/day, in addition to a high fat, high cholesterol diet. The cholesterol-lowering effects of various probiotic strains were compared to those of statin. All strains showed improvement in total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, and weight gain. Serum cholesterol levels were reduced by 9% and 8% for L. rhamnosus FM9 and L. fermentum Y57, respectively, compared to 5% for the statin-treated group. HDL levels significantly improved by 46 and 44% for L. rhamnosus FM9 and L. fermentum Y57, respectively, compared to 46% for the statin-treated group. Compared to the statin-treated group, FM9 and Y57 significantly reduced LDL levels by almost twofold. These findings show that these strains can improve blood lipid profiles as effectively as statins in male Wistar rats. Furthermore, probiotic-fed groups helped weight control in animals on HFCD, indicating the possible anti-obesity potential of these strains. These strains can be used to develop food products and supplements to treat ischemic heart diseases and weight management. Clinical trials, however, are required to validate these findings.

Effectiveness of high cardiorespiratory fitness in cardiometabolic protection in prediabetic rats

BackgroundCaloric restriction and exercise are lifestyle interventions that effectively attenuate cardiometabolic impairment. However, cardioprotective effects of long-term lifestyle interventions and short-term lifestyle interventions followed by weight maintenance in prediabetes have never been compared. High cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been shown to provide protection against prediabetes and cardiovascular diseases, however, the interactions between CRF, prediabetes, caloric restriction, and exercise on cardiometabolic health has never been investigated.MethodsSeven-week-old male Wistar rats were fed with either a normal diet (ND; n = 6) or a high-fat diet (HFD; n = 30) to induce prediabetes for 12 weeks. Baseline CRF and cardiometabolic parameters were determined at this timepoint. The ND-fed rats were fed continuously with a ND for 16 more weeks. The HFD-fed rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 6/group) to receive one of the following: (1) a HFD without any intervention for 16 weeks, (2) 40% caloric restriction for 6 weeks followed by an ad libitum ND for 10 weeks, (3) 40% caloric restriction for 16 weeks, (4) a HFD plus an exercise training program for 6 weeks followed by a ND without exercise for 10 weeks, or (5) a HFD plus an exercise training program for 16 weeks. At the end of the interventions, CRF and cardiometabolic parameters were re-assessed. Then, all rats were euthanized and heart tissues were collected.ResultsEither short-term caloric restriction or exercise followed by weight maintenance ameliorated cardiometabolic impairment in prediabetes, as indicated by increased insulin sensitivity, improved blood lipid profile, improved mitochondrial function and oxidative phosphorylation, reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, and improved cardiac function. However, these benefits were not as effective as those of either long-term caloric restriction or exercise. Interestingly, high-level baseline CRF was correlated with favorable cardiac and metabolic profiles at follow-up in prediabetic rats, both with and without lifestyle interventions.ConclusionsShort-term lifestyle modification followed by weight maintenance improves cardiometabolic health in prediabetes. High CRF exerted protection against cardiometabolic impairment in prediabetes, both with and without lifestyle modification. These findings suggest that targeting the enhancement of CRF may contribute to the more effective treatment of prediabetes-induced cardiometabolic impairment.

Therapeutic effect of garlic containing S-allyl cysteine and Diallyl-di-sulfide on improving blood lipid profile

Cardiovascular-related diseases are considered as the major risk for health and may lead to many illnesses. Hyperlipidemia is the highest common cause of diseases related to heart known as CHD. Since ancient times, innumerable herbs and organic foods are used to treat diseases among which garlic has been shown beneficial for treating hyperlipidemia and normalizing lipid profile levels. Garlic may be used in different forms like powder, tablets, extracts or after ageing. Its sulfur containing compounds like allicin, S-allylcysteine, alliin, ajoene, diallyl disulfide are proven to have the pharmacological benefits. The main aim of the current review is to analyze and evaluate the studies regarding anti-hyperlipidemic effects of garlic and its supplements on normalizing lipid profile among hyperlipidemicsubjects.After analyzing different studies being carried out earlier, it is concluded that garlic is effective in managing lipid profile including total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL levels among people with hyperlipidemia ranging from mild to moderate intensity.

The Difference of Lipid Profile Pre and Post Endurance Exercise in Obese Male Adolescents

Obesity among adolescents has short-term and long-term consequences in terms of physical and psychosocial development. In adolescence obesity often causes serious complications such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, dysglycemia, fatty liver, psychosocial complications. Dyslipidemia in obesity is closely related to the occurrence of atherosclerosis which often leads to coronary heart disease (CHD) and vascular disorders. Dyslipidemia is indicated by an increase in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), or triglycerides (TG), or a decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL). Boys have a higher visceral fat ratio than girls. Physical exercise without dietary restrictions has been shown to improve blood lipid profiles and reduce fat mass. Endurance exercise increases fat oxidation during submaximal exercise. Zumba has been shown to reduce fat mass and improve aerobic fitness. To analyze the effect of endurance exercise with Zumba fitness 3x/week for 8 weeks on the lipid profile of obese male adolescents at senior high school Surabaya. This study was conducted from July 2020 to August 2020. The research subjects were 12 teenage boys aged 14-18 years at senior high school Surabaya, with obesity nutritional status p>95 according to CDC 2000. Research subjects were given an endurance exercise intervention with Zumba fitness 3 times a week for 8 weeks, light-moderate intensity 30-60 minutes. The volume of exercise is gradually increased by starting with an increase in duration and then the intensity of the exercise includes whole body movement with a combination of aerobics and dance. This study was conducted without calorie restriction. Pre- and post-exercise assessment of lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL). TG, HDL, and total cholesterol before and after exercise had no significant difference which is TG = 0.106, HDL = 0.259 and total cholesterol = 0.188. Pre- and post-exercise LDL data had a significant difference with a significance value of 0.014 for LDL. In this study, there was a 6.8% decrease in TG; decreased LDL 4.9%; increase in HDL 12.49%; and a 3.6% reduction in total cholesterol. Endurance exercise with zumba fitness 3 times in a week for 8 weeks in obese male adolescents without calorie restriction, can improve LDL lipid profile, but does not improve TG, HDL and total cholesterol.

Therapeutic effect of garlic containing S-allyl cysteine and Diallyl-di-sulfide on improving blood lipid profile

Cardiovascular-related diseases are considered as the major risk for health and may lead to many illnesses. Hyperlipidemia is the highest common cause of diseases related to heart known as CHD. Since ancient times, innumerable herbs and organic foods are used to treat diseases among which garlic has been shown beneficial for treating hyperlipidemia and normalizing lipid profile levels. Garlic may be used in different forms like powder, tablets, extracts or after ageing. Its sulfur containing compounds like allicin, S-allylcysteine, alliin, ajoene, diallyl disulfide are proven to have the pharmacological benefits. The main aim of the current review is to analyze and evaluate the studies regarding anti-hyperlipidemic effects of garlic and its supplements on normalizing lipid profile among hyperlipidemicsubjects.After analyzing different studies being carried out earlier, it is concluded that garlic is effective in managing lipid profile including total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL levels among people with hyperlipidemia ranging from mild to moderate intensity.