Improve Learning Ability Research Articles

Thamnolia vermicularis extract improves learning ability in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by ameliorating both A\u03b2 and Tau pathologies

Considering the complicated pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), multi-targets have become a focus in the discovery of drugs for treatment of this disease. In the current work, we established a multi-target strategy for discovering active reagents capable of suppressing both Aβ level and Tau hyperphosphorylation from natural products, and found that the ethanol extract of Thamnolia vermicularis (THA) was able to improve learning ability in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by inhibiting both Aβ levels and Tau hyperphosphorylation. SH-SY5Y and CHO-APP/BACE1 cells and primary astrocytes were used in cell-based assays. APP/PS1 transgenic mice [B6C3-Tg(APPswe, PS1dE9)] were administered THA (300 mg·kg−1·d−1, ig) for 100 d. After the administration was completed, the learning ability of the mice was detected using a Morris water maze (MWM) assay; immunofluorescence staining, Congo red staining and Thioflavine S staining were used to detect the senile plaques in the brains of the mice. ELISA was used to evaluate Aβ and sAPPβ contents, and Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to investigate the relevant signaling pathway regulation in response to THA treatment. In SH-SY5Y cells, THΑ (1, 10, 20 μg/mL) significantly stimulated PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK/raptor/mTOR signaling-mediated autophagy in the promotion of Aβ clearance as both a PI3K inhibitor and an AMPK indirect activator, and restrained Aβ production as a suppressor against PERK/eIF2α-mediated BACE1 expression. Additionally, THA functioned as a GSK3β inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.32±0.85 μg/mL, repressing Tau hyperphosphorylation. Similar effects on Aβ accumulation and Tau hyperphosphorylation were observed in APP/PS1 transgenic mice treated with THA. Furthermore, administration of THA effectively improved the learning ability of APP/PS1 transgenic mice, and markedly reduced the number of senile plaques in their hippocampus and cortex. The results highlight the potential of the natural product THA for the treatment of AD.

Efektifitas penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif dengan presentasi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan belajar menulis surat kelas XI PM di SMK Negeri 48

ABSTRACT This study aims to Know Efekifitas use Cooperative Learning Model Type Presentation Can Improve Learning Ability Letter Writing Class XI PM at SMK Negeri 48 2014. The experiment was conducted in July to / with December 2014, in SMK Negeri 48 Jakarta. Learning Model for this use is Cooperative Presentation mode, Class Action Research, which consists of two cycles, each cycle of meetings held three times and at the third meeting done Post Test. Indicators of success seen improved understanding of the concept, kreaktifan, and decrease the negative habits of students during the learning process. The instrument used in this study was a test sheet and Observation class observing aspects of liveliness and negative habits. Research has achieved the expected indicators in the second cycle, the number of students who scored to complete the boundary or over by 97, 45% and the average reached 80, 79%. Key words: cooperative learning model, enhance learning in class XI wrote, class action research

Effects of Mediation on Learning Ability and Cognitive Functioning: A Systematic Review

Background: One of the foremost objectives of formal education is to improve learning ability. This requires cultivating the development of cognitive functioning. One of the methods for doing this, meditation, is the topic of this article. Aims: The article conducts an in-depth review of the literature on the effects of meditation on cognitive functioning in children. Literature on its effects on adults and its mechanisms is briefly summarized. Samples: The studies were school-based K-12 meditation programs that administered psychometric tests of cognitive functioning. Methods: Pupils were taught meditation in classrooms and were directed to practice solo between classes. Results: Cognitive functioning was significantly increased on all tests except one in one study. Conclusions: A wide array of psychometric tests measured many cognitive functions. The studies had a methodologic rigor that was fair to good. Higher quality research is needed and experimental design guidelines are proposed.

Effects of electroacupuncture on learning and memory in experimental Alzeheimer's disease

Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on learning and memory ability and the expression of N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion factor (NSF) in experimental Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to explore the mechanism involved. Methods Sixty healthy, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a sham operation group, a model group and an EA group, each of 15.The model group and the EA group were injected with Aβ25-35 bilaterally in the CA1 area of the hippocampus, while the sham operation group was injected with the same amount of normal saline in the same regions. From the 1stday after the AD model had been established successfully, EA was applied to the Shen Shu (BL23) and Bai Hui (GV20) acupoints in the EA group once a day, 6 days a week for 2 weeks. No EA was given to the other 3 groups. After the treatment, Morris water maze tests were conducted to determine assess the rats' learning and memory ability, and immunohistochemical methods were used to test the expression level of NSF in the CA1 areas of the rats' hippocampus. Results The average escape latent period of the EA group was significantly shorter than that of the model group and their average platform crossing time was significantly longer. The average expression of NSF in the EA group measured as integrated optical intensity was significantly higher than that in the model group. Conclusion EA can effectively improve learning and memory ability in AD, at least in rats. The mechanism may involve increasing the expression of NSF in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. Key words: Alzheimer's disease; Electroacupuncture; Hippocampus; N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion factor; AMPA-receptor

Development and Effectiveness of Web Based Learning Nursing Process Program on Linked NANDA, NOC and NIC

This study was done to develop and evaluate comprehensive web based learning program for improving learning ability in the nursing process of nursing students. We evaluated the contents based on the sufficient teaching materials and developed the process for implementation of the educational system. The study was focused on developing guidelines applicable to any clinical situation using a framework of links among all nursing diagnoses, outcomes, and interventions. This study was used a descriptive study and the participants were 62 nursing students. There were significant differences of achievement of learning objectives, application to work, according to the frequency of program use. Therefore, this results indicate that the web based learning nursing process program is effective in improving will help to strengthen learning calculation ability of nursing students in nursing process. Further study should be done develop additional program for improving application.

A Implementation Research on University Class Environment Improvement for Improving Learning Ability

A Implementation Research on University Class Environment Improvement for Improving Learning Ability

Myelin injury induces axonal transport impairment but not AD-like pathology in the hippocampus of cuprizone-fed mice.

Both multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are progressive neurological disorders with myelin injury and memory impairment. However, whether myelin impairment could cause AD-like neurological pathology remains unclear. To explore neurological pathology following myelin injury, we assessed cognitive function, the expression of myelin proteins, axonal transport-associated proteins, axonal structural proteins, synapse-associated proteins, tau and beta amyloid and the status of neurons, using the cuprizone mouse model of demyelination. We found the mild impairment of learning ability in cuprizone-fed mice and the decreased expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) in the hippocampus. And anti-LINGO-1 improved learning ability and partly restored MBP level. Furthermore, we also found kinesin light chain (KLC), neurofilament light chain (NFL) and neurofilament heavy chain (NF200) were declined in demyelinated hippocampus, which could be partly improved by treatment with anti-LINGO-1. However, we did not observe the increased expression of beta amyloid, hyperphosphorylation of tau and loss of neurons in demyelinated hippocampus. Our results suggest that demyelination might lead to the impairment of neuronal transport, but not cause increased level of hyperphosphorylated tau and beta amyloid. Our research demonstrates remyelination might be an effective pathway to recover the function of neuronal axons and cognition in MS.

Effects of Theta Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Over the Frontal Cortex on Reversal Learning.

Theta oscillations in the electroencephalogram (EEG) are associated with learning and behavioral adaptation. To investigate the effects of theta transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) applied to the frontal cortex on reversal learning. Healthy volunteers participated in a sham-controlled between subjects design. TACS at 1 mA peak-to-peak was administered during a reward-punishment reversal learning task. Resting state EEG was measured before and after tACS and the task. Active tACS improved learning ability, but at the same time interfered with applying the rule to optimize behavior. Furthermore, a significant decrease in frontal theta-beta EEG ratios was observed following active tACS. Results provide behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for influencing reversal learning with exogenous oscillatory electric field potentials applied to the frontal cortex.

The use of serious gaming for open learning environments

The extensive growth of Open Learning has been facilitated through technological innovation and continuous examination of the global Open Education development. With the introduction of compulsory computing subjects being incorporated into the UK school system in September 2014, the challenge of harnessing and integrating technological advances to aid children's learning is becoming increasingly important, referring to £1.1 million being invested to offer training programs for teachers to become knowledgeable and experienced in computing. From the age of 5, children will be taught detailed computing knowledge and skills such as; algorithms, how to store digital content, to write and test simple programs. Simultaneously, as the Internet and technology are improving, parents and teachers are looking at the incorporation of game based learning to aid children’s learning processes in more exciting and engaging ways. The purpose of game-based learning is to provide a better engagement, and in turn, an anticipated improvement in learning ability. This paper presents a research based on the investigation of properly combining the advantages of serious games and Open Learning to enhance the learning abilities of primary school children. The case study and the adequate evaluation address a learning environment in support of a history subject matter.

A novel task optimal allocation approach based on Contract Net Protocol for Agent-oriented UUV swarm system modeling

In order to improve the collaborative capability and efficiency, based on Multi-agent system (MAS) and Contract Net Protocol (CNP), a novel task optimal allocation approach Improved Contract Net Protocol (ICNP) is creatively proposed, which mainly focuses on multi-stage reducing network communication to improve the efficiency of the system and the quality of the task completed. In Task Announcement stage, regional trust degree (RTD) is introduced to decrease the communication scope; and in Bidding stage, the abilities are mainly focus to improve learning ability of contractor agent; also in Awarding stage, a least square method combination of subjective and objective is designed to evaluate the biding, which consider the subjective weight and objective weight from the analytic hierarchy process and driving principle of difference respectively. Finally in Executing and Monitoring stage, adaptive adjustment mechanism is employed to change the RTD. During this multi-level process, the Agent-oriented UUV swarm system can make dynamic task allocation based on environment change. Simulation results show the proposed ICNP can realize task optimal allocation for Agent-oriented UUV swarm system modeling.

Functional correction of neurological and somatic disorders at later stages of disease in MPS IIIA mice by systemic scAAV9-hSGSH gene delivery

The reversibility of neuropathic lysosomal storage diseases, including MPS IIIA, is a major goal in therapeutic development, due to typically late diagnoses and a large population of untreated patients. We used self-complementary adeno-associated virus (scAAV) serotype 9 vector expressing human N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase (SGSH) to test the efficacy of treatment at later stages of the disease. We treated MPS IIIA mice at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 9 months of age with an intravenous injection of scAAV9-U1a-hSGSH vector, leading to restoration of SGSH activity and reduction of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and somatic tissues at a dose of 5E12 vg/kg. Treatment up to 3 months age improved learning ability in the Morris water maze at 7.5 months, and lifespan was normalized. In mice treated at 6 months age, behavioral performance was impaired at 7.5 months, but did not decline further when retested at 12 months, and lifespan was increased, but not normalized. Treatment at 9 months did not increase life-span, though the GAG storage pathology in the CNS was improved. The study suggests that there is potential for gene therapy intervention in MPS IIIA at intermediate stages of the disease, and extends the clinical relevance of our systemic scAAV9-hSGSH gene delivery approach.

Application of clinical nursing teaching pathway on teaching round of nursing students

Objective To explore the effects of new teaching round mode in clinical nursing teaching. Methods A total of 40 nursing undergraduate students were divided into intervention group and control group from August 2013 to March 2014. The students of intervention group were treated with nursing teaching round mode guided by clinical nursing teaching pathway. The learning effects were evaluated using a self-designed questionnaire after the intervention. Results The scores of consolidating basic knowledge, arousing students′ interest of learning, improving learning ability and oral expression ability in the intervention group are higher than those of control group. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (t=3.066, 3.681, 2.124, 1.852; P<0.05). Conclusions The nursing teaching round mode guided by clinical nursing teaching pathway with updated teaching content and methods can improve the efficiency and the quality of clinical nursing teaching. Key words: Nursing students; Clinical nursing teaching pathway; Teaching rounds; Teaching quality

부산지역 중·고등학생의 김치 섭취 실태 및 기능성 김치 개발에 관한 태도 조사

본 연구는 부산지역 중ㆍ고등학교 남녀 학생 833명을 대상으로 김치 섭취 실태 및 기능성 김치 개발에 대한 태도를 설문조사 하였다. 조사대상자는 중학생이 65.2%, 고등학생이 34.8%, 남학생이 51.3%, 여학생이 48.7%였다. 김치의 가장 선호하는 맛으로는 ‘매운맛’, 가장 선호하지 않는 맛으로는 ‘신맛’이라고 하였다. 주로 김치를 섭취하는 장소로는 집이 64.3%, 학교가 33.7%였다. 배추김치의 숙성 정도로는 ‘잘 익은 김치’, 김치 섭취량은 ‘하루 두 번 섭취’, 한 끼에 섭취하는 김치의 양은 ‘3~4조각’이 가장 높게 나타났다. 김치를 섭취하는 이유는 ‘맛이 있어서’가 가장 높았고, ‘습관적으로’, ‘건강에 좋아서’ 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 섭취하지 않는 이유로 ‘입맛에 맞지 않아서’라고 하였다. 학교급식용 김치에 대해 전체 응답자 중 65.1%가 ‘학생들의 입맛을 고려한 김치 개발’을 요구하였고, 향후 개발 김치에 대한 섭취의향으로 맛이 개선된 김치를 제공하면 김치 섭취량이 ‘증가할 것이다’라는 응답이 80.6%, 기능성이 개선된 김치를 제공하면 김치 섭취량이 ‘증가할 것이다’라는 응답이 65.2%로 나타났다. 또한 김치에 첨가하고 싶은 과일 부재료로 배(41.3%), 사과(24.6%), 파인애플(10.3%)로 나타났고, 학생들이 원하는 기능성 증진의 종류로는 ‘성장 발달’이 59.5%, ‘체중 감량’이 40.4%, ‘학습능력 개선’이 32.8%, ‘질병 예방’이 15.5%였다. 이상에서 청소년의 기호와 요구에 맞는 김치개발을 통해 청소년의 김치 섭취와 기능성 김치에 대한 관심이 점차적으로 증가될 것으로 기대된다.

Mobile Robot Path Planning Based on Improved Q Learning Algorithm

For path planning of mobile robot, the traditional Q learning algorithm easy to fall into local optimum, slow convergence etc. issues, this paper proposes a new greedy strategy, multi-target searching of Q learning algorithm. Don't need to create the environment model, the mobile robot from a single-target searching transform into multitarget searching an unknown environment, firstly, by the dynamic greedy strategy exploring interim to use unknown environment, improve learning ability that mobile robot learn the environment, improve the convergence of the mobile robot speed. And a large number of improved Q-learning algorithms are applied to mobile robot optimization simulation in unknown environment, by comparing with traditional Q algorithm, theory and experiment proved that improved Q-learning algorithm speed up the convergence rate of the robot, improve collision avoidance capability and learning efficiency.

Color Mapping Rule Development for Hangul Learning Ability Improvement

Color Mapping Rule Development for Hangul Learning Ability Improvement

New treatment perspectives in autism spectrum disorders.

New treatment perspectives in autism spectrum disorders.

Treadmill exercise improves short-term memory by enhancing hippocampal cell proliferation in quinolinic acid-induced Huntington's disease rats.

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited genetic disorder, characterized by cognitive dysfunction and abnormal body movements called chorea. Quinolinic acid (QA) is an endogenous metabolite of tryptophan in the kynurenine pathway. QA-induced alterations are similar to the symptoms of HD patients. Physical exercise has beneficial effects on the brain functions. Exercise increases production of neurotrophic factors in the brain and improves learning ability and memory function. In the present study, we investigated the effects of treadmill exercise short-term memory on QA-induced HD rats in relation with cell proliferation. For the induction of Huntington’s animal model, 2 μL of 100 nmol QA was intrastriatal injected into the rats. The rats in the treadmill exercise groups were forced to run on a treadmill for 30 min once a day, five times a week for 2 weeks. Step-down avoidance test was conducted for the determination of short-term memory. Cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was determined by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and doublecortin (DCX) immunohistochemistry. Western blot for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) were performed. In the present results, treadmill exercise alleviated QA-induced short-term memory impairment in HD rats. Treadmill exercise increased cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus through enhancing BDNF expression in the HD rats. These results revealed that treadmill exercise is effective for the symptom improvement in the HD patients.

Construction of Collaborative Innovation Mechanism of Knowledge Alliance between Chinese State-Owned Enterprises and Organizations

In order to improve learning ability and innovation ability in a competitive marketplace rapidly, more enterprises begin to explore a collaborative innovation model which takes knowledge alliance as its organizational form. Experts and practitioners particularly focus on collaborative innovation operation mechanism of knowledge alliance. This paper makes use of grounded theory to refine a collaborative innovation mechanism model of knowledge alliance by analyzing a concrete case from the collaborative innovation center of Dongda and Shougang Group and collecting related data by open questionnaires. It is found in the research that the collaborative innovation mechanism of knowledge alliance is composed of dynamic mechanism, operating mechanism, dispersal mechanism and safeguard mechanism. The research also elucidates the elements and concrete content of the four mechanisms of knowledge alliance's collaborative innovation. On this basis, empirical analysis conducted by SPSS validates and improves innovative mechanism model of knowledge alliance, which provides enterprises with theoretical foundation and practice guidance for knowledge alliance's collaborative innovation.

Effect of Ecklonia cava Extracts Supplementation on cognitive ability in mice

Objectives : The purpose of this study aimed to investigate that dieckol - isolated from Ecklonia cava - supplementation can improve cognitive ability in mice. Methods : 48-male mice(6 weeks old) were divided into four groups; High-Dieckol group(n=12), Low-Dieckol group(n=12), Placebo group(n=12), Control group(n=12) and they were administered orally 5 days per week for 4 weeks at the same time. We performed Morris water maze test, Passive avoidance test, Blood serotonin analysis. And there was examined on neurogenesis in dentate gyrus of hippocampus using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) to label proliferating cells. Results : The results are as follows; As a Morris water maze results, Trial duration was significantly decreased in high dieckol group comparing to placebo group and control group. Distance to target was significantly decreased in high dieckol group and low dieckol group comparing to placebo group and control group. Mean speed was significantly low in high dieckol group comparing to low dieckol group ,placebo group and control group. As a Passive avoidance test results, latency time was si gnificantly long in high dieckol group comparing to low dieckol group, placebo group and control group. BrdU cell count was significantly high in high dieckol group comparing to low dieckol group, placebo group and control group. Conclusions : As a conclusion, it is considered that dieckol supplementation might improve learning and cognitive ability.

대학생에게 적용한 유칼립투스 아로마요법이 알레르기성 비염에 미치는 효과

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of eucalyptus aroma therapy on relieving allergic rhinitis symptoms, improving learning ability and quality of life among university students. Methods: In this study, a non-equivalent control group repeated measured design was applied. Participants included 48 students (24 participants in the experiment and 24 participants in the control group) who were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis. Data were collected on 3 occasions, before eucalyptus aroma application, 4 weeks after the application, and 8 weeks after the application. Collected data were analyzed using <TEX>${\chi}^2$</TEX>-test, Fishers exact test, independent t-test, repeated measured ANCOVA and paired t-test with SPSS 21.0. Results: There were significant differences in allergic symptoms (F=6.926, p=.002) and quality of life (F=3.793, p=.026) according to the time periods after aroma application. Conclusion: Eucalyptus aroma therapy is effective in reducing the symptoms of allergic rhinitis and enhancing the quality of life of university students. It is recommended that eucalyptus aroma therapy be used for university students with allergic rhinitis to reduce their symptoms, and it is recommended that the application of the therapy be extended over 4 weeks.