Abstract
New treatment perspectives in autism spectrum disorders.
Highlights
In the past 10 years, research on autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has made a considerable progress, leading to the identification of a number of genes and signaling pathways associated to ASD pathogenesis
ASD children treated with a ketogenic diet (KGD) showed decreased seizure frequencies and improved learning abilities and social skills, as proposed by Napoli and coworkers (5); replications of this investigation are urgently awaited to have of a clearer picture of KGD role in ASD
Excitation and inhibition (E/I) imbalance in ASD has been demonstrated in preclinical models, and targeted treatments directed either to reduce excessive glutamatergic transmission or increase inhibition through stimulation of GABAergic signaling have been introduced with promising preliminary results
Summary
In the past 10 years, research on autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has made a considerable progress, leading to the identification of a number of genes and signaling pathways associated to ASD pathogenesis. It has to be outlined that in a large multisite controlled study memantine was not shown to improve core and associated symptoms in ASD and the open phase of the trial was suspended. Have been found to improve ASD symptoms in some studies, but results are still conflicting and more research is needed.
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