Improve Government Efficiency Research Articles

Communication of Higher Education Institutions in Vietnam

Communication of higher education institutions are significant in implementing strategic goals and improving institutional governance efficiency; provide students updated information to make appropriate choices and decisions during their learning process; and promptly feedback to contribute to building a better educational and training environment. Communication tools used in higher education institutions are diverse in forms and contents. This studies focuses on two key points, which are policy communications and internal communications implemented by higher education institutions. The theoretical framework has been developed and a survey was conducted to collect opinions of 300 senior students from 3 universities under Hanoi National University, including: University of Foreign Languages; University of Economics; University of Social Sciences and Humanities. The results show that the policy communications of these higher education institutions are not effectively implemented. The findings suggest innovations for managers to improve communication effectiveness to achieve strategic goals and improve governance efficiency in these higher education institutions.

ICT-based environmental participation in China: Same, same but digital?

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have been credited with the potential to alter the dynamics of environmental governance by empowering citizens, enhancing accountability and improving government efficiency. However, in non-democratic contexts the link between ICTs and public participation is far from clear. Taking the case of China, this study investigates urban Chinese citizens’ use of digital technologies for environmental participation and the factors explaining (non)engagement. Drawing on an online survey with 2912 participants in 2021, we find surprisingly high levels of participation that is not hampered by regime-related factors such as trust in governmental institutions or concerns about the risks of taking action online. This shows that digital technologies have significant participatory potential also under restrictive conditions. However, our findings also show several major limitations of ICTs. Participation in our study is driven by citizens who are digitally skilled, environmentally concerned and also active in the offline sphere. This points, first, to a digital participation opportunity gap that could exclude the less digitally skilled and tech-savvy. Second, this supports the “reinforcement hypothesis” that ICTs are used by the already active and do not suffice to draw new social groups into the policy process. Third, in our study digital environmental participation is limited by citizens’ attribution of responsibility to the government, an unintended consequence of China’s “environmental authoritarianism” that curtails ICTs from unfolding their full potential. Together, our findings contribute to the debate on digital authoritarianism and the opportunities and limitations of ICTs for environmental participation in non-democratic contexts.

Impact of climate risk on financial stability: Cross-country evidence

There is a growing awareness that climate change is a new source of risk to the financial system, but cross-country evidence on the impact of climate risk on financial stability is lacking. This study empirically investigates the impact of climate risk on financial stability using panel data from 2007 to 2019 in 53 countries. The findings of this study reveal that climate risk negatively affects financial stability, and this adverse impact will show differences due to the different levels of economic development, financial development, and competition among countries. Furthermore, macroprudential policies have effectively maintained the financial stability of countries affected by climate risk. However, the macroprudential policies imposed on borrowers are different from balance-based and buffer-based macroprudential tools. In addition, good national governance quality can contain the impact of climate risk on financial stability. After suffering from climate risk, strengthening political stability, improving government efficiency, supervision, and legal system, strictly controlling corruption and improving the right to speak and accountability are conducive to the country's maintenance of financial stability to varying degrees. This study not only enriches the existing research in the field of climate financial risk, but also provides a reference for government departments to reduce the impact of climate risk and maintain financial stability.

Dynamic Incentive Contract of Government for Port Enterprises to Reduce Emissions in the Blockchain Era: Considering Carbon Trading Policy

Blockchain technology is very useful. This paper considers the application of blockchain technology to smart contracts, green certification, and market information disclosure, and introduces the carbon trading market price as a parameter to solve the dynamic incentive problem of the government for port enterprises to reduce emissions under the carbon trading policy. Based on the state change of port carbon emission reduction, this paper uses principal–agent theory to construct the dynamic incentive contract model of government without blockchain, with blockchain, and when carbon trading is considered under blockchain, respectively, and uses the optimal control method to solve and analyze the model. This paper finds that only when the opportunity cost of port enterprises is greater than a certain critical point and the fixed cost of blockchain is less than a certain critical point, the implementation of blockchain will help improve government efficiency. However, only when the critical value of carbon emission reduction of port enterprises and the unit operating cost of blockchain are small, the government should start the carbon trading market under blockchain technology. Through numerical simulation, this paper also finds that it is usually beneficial for the government to regulate and appropriately increase the carbon trading market price.

Smart Governance Policy: An Overview of The Local Government Performance

One of the challenges in digital transformation is building a comprehensive digital ecosystem. This article aims to analyze smart governance policies in improving government efficiency in Indonesia. The number of applications cannot be used as a benchmark in determining the performance of governance implementation. This article uses a qualitative research method with the approach of a systematic literature review. The results of the study found that smart governance policies are oriented to 4 indicators, including community participation, effective governance, public and social services, and political perspectives and strategies. This policy will be successful if implemented collaboratively and integratively. The novelty of the research is in the exploration of policies in local government because until now smart governance policies have not been fully implemented, especially in regions that do not have a clear vision strategy. This research also develops various smart governance policy challenges including digital technology infrastructure, organization, policy reform, and collaborative work development.

Highlights on Program Governance through AI and Blockchain

Abstract: 
 This research studies the effect of two of the main disruptive technologies – mainly AI and Blockchain – on program governance and management. He aim is to highlight the positive potentials for digital transformation in governance approaches and practices including roles and responsibilities. The research approach utilises quantitative and qualitative methods. The data collection and analysis methods used in the study are interviews, surveys, and document reviews. The research findings highlight the potential of conducting program governance without a centralised entity, could help avoid conflicts between organisations and maintain a single data source, centralisation of financial resources will be necessary in the future, improve governance efficiency and increase transparency.

Research on Social Governance of Network Public Opinion: An Evolutionary Game Model

Compared with the past, public opinion in the we-media era has become more difficult. How to incentivize social networking providers (SNPs) to participate in network public opinion governance and guide we-media practitioners (WPs) to standardize their dissemination are prominent problems that urgently need to be solved in response to network public opinion. This article supplements the perspective of network public opinion governance research and constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model including government, SNPs, and WPs. Then, after analyzing the influencing factors of the evolution of different agents’ strategies through model solving and numerical simulation, this article finds that reasonable rewards and punishments can promote SNPs to participate in network public opinion governance. Finally, this article proposes that the government should build a social governance system for network public opinion, which will effectively reduce governance costs and improve governance efficiency.

PecidRL: Petition expectation correction and identification based on deep reinforcement learning

Identifying petition expectation for government response plays an important role in government administrative service. Although some petition platforms allow citizens to label the petition expectation when they submit e-petitions, the misunderstanding and misselection of petition labels still has necessitated manual classification involved. Automatic petition expectation identification has faced challenges in poor context information, heavy noise and casual syntactic structure of the petition text. In this paper we propose a novel deep reinforcement learning based method for petition expectation (citizens’ demands for the level of government response) correction and identification named PecidRL. We collect a dataset from Message Board for Leaders, the largest official petition platform in China, containing 237,042 petitions. Firstly, we introduce a deep reinforcement learning framework to automatically correct the mislabeled and ambiguous labels of the petitions. Then, multi-view textual features, including word-level and document-level semantic features, sentiment features and different textual graph representations are extracted and integrated to enrich more auxiliary information. Furthermore, based on the corrected petitions, 19 novel petition expectation identification models are constructed by extending 11 popular machine learning models for petition expectation detection. Finally, comprehensive comparison and evaluation are conducted to select the final petition expectation identification model with the best performance. After performing correction by PecidRL, each metric on all extended petition expectation identification models improves by an average of 8.3% with the highest increase ratio reaching 14.2%. The optimal model is determined as Peti-SVM-bert with the highest accuracy 93.66%. We also analyze the petition expectation label variation of the dataset by using PecidRL. We derive that 16.9% of e-petitioners tend to exaggerate the urgency of their petitions to make the government pay high attention to their appeals and 4.4% of the petitions urgency are underestimated. This study has substantial academic and practical value in improving government efficiency. Additionally, a web-server is developed to facilitate government administrators and other researchers, which can be accessed at http://www.csbg-jlu.info/PecidRL/.

Research on the driving principle and guiding strategy of the public’s collaborative supervision of the sharing economy in my country

Abstract As an emerging business model and economic form, the sharing economy is a new trend to promote global economic growth in the future. Public participation is the basic condition for the prosperity and development of the sharing economy and is the basic requirement for the realisation of collaborative governance. Encouraging the public to actively participate in the collaborative supervision of my country’s sharing economy has become an inevitable requirement to improve governance efficiency and create a social governance pattern of co-construction, co-governance and sharing. First of all, this paper refers to the rapid development of my country’s sharing economy in recent years, which has also brought many negative problems. Secondly, this paper establishes a game model of sharing economy-related enterprises, regional governments and the public to drive the public’s shared economy in my country, which forms the driving principle and guiding strategy of collaborative supervision. Through research, it is concluded that the size of the initial probability is proportional to the convergence speed of the game subject’s selection strategy; different game subjects have different sensitivities to parameter changes, and the public is more sensitive to the cost and punishment of participating in innovation involving different game subjects The strategy choices between them are mutually reinforcing, and the evolutionary stable strategy is ‘active participation, supervision, active participation. Finally, the simulation experiments are used to verify the results of the tripartite game model constructed in this paper.

A study of the effects and mechanisms of the digital economy on high-quality tourism development: evidence from the Yangtze River Delta in China

ABSTRACT This paper discussed the spatial effects and influence mechanisms of the digital economy on high-quality tourism development in the Yangtze River Delta. It is found that the digital economy promoted high-quality tourism development with a spatial diffusion effect. The digital economy of cities in metropolitan and adjacent area contributed to high-quality tourism development. In non-metropolitan and non-adjacent areas, the lack of core city leadership and support of metropolitan policy are important factors that hinder the functioning of digital economy. Mediation effect model shows that the digital economy could drive high-quality tourism development by improving government efficiency and expanding market potential.

Smart Governance of Urban Ecological Environment Driven by Digital Twin Technology: A Case Study on the Ecological Restoration and Management in S island of Chongqing

China is undergoing rapid urbanization, which has caused undesirable urban sprawl and ecological deterioration. Combining information technology for ecological environment governance is an effective measure to improve governance efficiency. In this paper, based on the analysis of the ecological restoration and governance case of S Island in Chongqing, an ecological intelligent governance system architecture based on the integration of multiple information technologies such as digital twin is extracted. The research shows that the S Island is based on the technical concept of the digital twin, and integrates a variety of information technology integration, collects and processes a large amount of data generated in the whole process of S Island repair and operation, and builds it based on the digital twin concept and accurately maps the physical space. This system model can be stored and processed based on the integrated data, realize knowledge graph visualization, algorithm optimization, and iterative integration for different objects and application scenarios, and finally serve different functional modules in ecological governance, which can be used to support Smart governance of cities.

How Does Technology Empowerment Activate the “Collaborative Inertia” of Grassroots Governance- Systematic Study Based on the Case of “Black Tea Council” in the H Street, Hangzhou

The modernization of grassroots governance is an important foundation for promoting the modernization of state governance. Solving the rigid dilemma faced by the current grassroots governance mechanism and activating the “collaborative inertia” of grassroots pluralistic democratic consultative governance up against technology empowerment can stimulate the activity of grassroots governance, improve governance efficiency, and enrich the theoretical connotation of state governance modernization. Based on the case of the “Black Tea Council” in H Street of Hangzhou, this paper analyzes the innovation of theory and technology in the practice process from the perspective of the choice of governance subject and the determination of management mode. It is found that technology is used to enhance residents’ deliberation ability and enthusiasm for participation, dynamically debug the logical strategy of collaborative resolution of contradictions and disputes, and strengthen the overall concept and humanistic thought of “from an entity to entirety”. Moreover, technology can also grasp the “key minority” to focus on problems and avoid technical alienation and formalism, so as to finally realize the orderly and effective solution to grassroots governance problems.

Digital government as a business facilitator

Administrative and regulatory burden reduction is critical to improving government efficiency and economic competitiveness. Innovations in government through Information and Communication Technologies are key tools in designing policies to achieve these goals. Using a panel dataset covering 169 countries from 2004 to 2018, we investigate the possible contribution of digital government as a business facilitator. The empirical results suggest that progress in digital government contributes to reducing administrative and regulatory burdens, creating a more business-friendly environment in several areas of business regulations. Governance effectiveness may also play a significant role in facilitating business. The results are robust to a battery of robustness tests and alternative empirical strategies.

Adoption of e-government by Indonesian state universities: An application of Technology Acceptance Model

E-government is the use of internet platforms to deliver governmental services to citizens with the goal of improving government efficiency, transparency, and participation. This study aims to find out what factors determine the rate at which public university in Indonesians accept e-government services. This study uses the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). TAM is a traditional model of technology diffusion that is an essential conceptual criterion. It drives acceptance consisting of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. The results of this paper back up the original TAM hypothesis. Based on the data collected and analyzed, the study concludes that three influencing factors, namely perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEU), and perceived risk (PR), are significantly related to the intention to use e-commerce government. However, trust and social influence do not significantly affect the intention to use e-government services. This paper has significant implications for policymakers and government officials who want to see the growth of e-government usage in Indonesia. When attempting to market a new online system from the perspective of human-computer interaction, it becomes evident that designers must consider how users perceive the risks.

Role Of Independent Media in Promoting Governance and Effective Policymaking Process In Pakistan

This paper investigates how anyone may shape policy by interacting with the media, politics, and decision-makers. Media are interwoven with democracy and symbolize it. The press informs the public and actors about current events. Individuals, institutions, and political leaders are affected by media groups. PEMRA'scensorship and control rules impede controlled media's performance. It gets more criticism because it is not affected by authorities, but it just promotes one-sided views. The study aims to analyze the role of independent media in promoting or preventing good governance. It helps reduce corruption and improve government efficiency as well as civil service. Publications like Panama and Paradise Leaks have effectively exposed corruption, criminality, and power abuse while holding governments accountable globally. Interests drove decisions in Pakistan's civic, feudal, and military domains. Media firms help shape policy. This interest-based approach to governance has failed most democracies. Personal interests have interrupted institutional processes.

Rational Reflection in the Post-epidemic Era: Institutional Advantages and Improvement of Governance Efficiency

Currently, the national epidemic prevention and control is still facing the challenges of secondary risk stacking, coordinated optimization of multi-party governance resources, and effective conversion of normal and abnormal conditions. Therefore, systematic thinking should be established in the normalized precision prevention and control and local emergency response, prevention and control should be implemented in accordance with the law, and source governance should be strengthened so as to overcome the risk challenges and improve governance efficiency.

The Effects of City-County Mergers on Urban Energy Intensity: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Cities.

The adjustment of administrative division is one of the powerful tools used to promote urbanization by the Chinese government in recent decades, and there is little literature to discuss whether the government-led expansion of urban space through city-county mergers can bring about a decline in urban energy intensity. With the multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) method and comprehensive urban datasets, this research investigates the urban energy intensity results of the city-county mergers policy experiment in China from 2000 to 2017. We present evidence that city-county mergers are indeed beneficial in reducing urban energy intensity, and that the energy-saving effect of the policy only starts to become significant in the third year after implementation. We also further adopt a series of robustness tests, such as the counterfactual test, placebo tests and PSM-DID tests to find if this effect still exists. The mechanism test with mediating effects indicates they are potential contributors to the positive effects of mergers with moderate fiscal centralization, population agglomeration and regional integration. We further explore positive effects of mergers, relying on the scientifically design official appraisal system and improve government efficiency.

Food Safety Risk Communication between the Food Regulator and Consumer in China: An Evolutionary Game Perspective

Food safety risk communication has attracted widespread attention in China. The government is the leader in food risk communication. It has even more impact on consumers’ willingness to communicate food risk. Thus, this paper constructs a risk communication game model composed of the central government, local government, and consumers under food safety regulatory agencies in China. Based on the evolutionary game theory, we achieved the evolutionary stable equilibrium points under complying different constraint conditions by solving the replicator dynamic equations of parties in the dynamic system. In the end, some numerical examples have been displayed to simulate the agents’ choices. The results show that penalty cost, governance intensity, communication cost, and reputation of the government have an essential impact on consumers’ enthusiasm for food safety risk communication decision-making behavior. Furthermore, the choice of food safety risk communication strategies is performed with a dynamic process, which is constantly adjusted and optimized. The evolutionary game system can converge on an ideal state under certain conditions. Moreover, this study proposes suggestions and measures conducive to the tripartite game, which can offer valuable guidance on food risk communication practice and improve government efficiency in China. This research can provide the evolutionary mechanism and broaden our understanding of the relationship between food safety risk governance and food risk communication strategies.

Dynamic Evaluation and System Coordination Degree of the Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Real Economy

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an important driving force of the new round of technological revolution and industrial change, and the development of a new generation of AI can help improve comprehensive national power and promote healthy and sustainable economic development. AI can promote economic development through four ways. First, AI replaces labor, expands labor connotation, increases labor supply, and enriches labor wealth; AI empowers laborers and improves labor productivity. Second, AI empowers the three industries and improves production efficiency. Third, AI creates consumer surplus and improves social welfare. Fourth, AI empowers government to correct government failure and improve government efficiency, which in turn corrects market failure and improves economic efficiency. The economic subsystem covers both quantitative and qualitative aspects of economic growth, economic structure, economic efficiency, and economic support. Environmental subsystems are divided into environmental quality, environmental pollution, and environmental protection. While using AI to promote economic development, it is also important to strengthen the research and prevention of potential risks of AI development to ensure that AI is safe, reliable, and controllable.

The Cadre System in China’s Ethnic Minority Regions: Particularities and Impact on Local Governance

ABSTRACT The cadre system in China is designed to reduce human error as well as improve government efficiency and competence. Focusing on the Tibetan Autonomous Region (TAR), this research analyses the particularities of the cadre system in China’s ethnic minority regions and their impact on local governance. It argues that peculiarities in the recruitment, evaluation, term of office and ethnic minority cadre arrangements have actively and passively encouraged controversial cadre behaviours at the local level. Together with the historical, political and demographic conditions in the TAR, the cadre system has, at times, decreased the efficiency, competence and credibility of local governments. Although changes have been introduced in recent years to address some of the issues, the cadre system’s impact on local governance remains fundamental.