Improper Diet Research Articles

Assessment of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in bachelors of computer science students using global physical activity questionnaire version 2: a cross-sectional study

Background: Physical activity has been determined as primary prevention strategy against 35 chronic conditions. Lack of physical activity, improper diet and increase in the use of computer has various health hazards. Considering that the bachelor of computer science students will mostly have sedentary work profile, once they enter the professional world, the objective of the present study was to assess their physical activity level using global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ) version 2.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 355 participants, 244 males and 111 females, from an institution catering bachelors of computer science course using GPAQ questionnaire. The data was analyzed to see if they meet the criteria set by World Health organization (WHO) and were classified into categories on basis of MET minute/week. The average time spent in sitting position was also calculated.Results: At work, 19.15% study participants were moderately active; in travel domain 64.5% were active, in leisure domain 43.94% were vigorously while 41.4% were moderately active. 73.23% of study participants met the WHO set criteria. 26.76% participants were inactive, 62.53% low active, 10.14% moderate active while only 0.81% was highly active. Average time spent in sitting was around 9 hours.Conclusions: Even though 73.23% of study participants met the criteria, most of the participants had low level of physical activity, thus there is huge scope for improvement in it. They also need to be educated regarding the risks of sedentary behaviour which will further help to reduce the hazards related to physical inactivity.

Physical Activity and Immunity

Physical exercise during childhood and adolescence also provides protection against a wide range of chronic diseases and risk factors connected with diseases, since it has an anti-inflammatory impact. Improper diet or lack of good sleep or physical activity may affect immunity and make a person more vulnerable to diseases. While having a healthy lifestyle can help you fight against such conditions. Sleeping for 8-10hr daily and brisk walking for half an hour minimum with some aerobic exercises may have a positive effect on health. Avoiding junk and fast food and replacing it with organic food helps in positive immune response.

Assessment of parental level of knowledge and awareness in the field the use of dietary supplements among children

Due to the changes in modern lifestyle, it is more and more common that not only adults, but also children consume highly processed, unbalanced, ready-made meals. In contrast, the dietary supplements market is constantly enriched with new products that, according to their manufacturers, are to overcome the implications caused by such improper diet. The aim of the study was to assess the state of knowledge and awareness of the use of dietary supplements intended for children, among a select group of parents. The research method employed a questionnaire assessing the level of knowledge and frequency of consumption, with an author's questionnaire serving as a research tool. Conducted within the municipality of Gdynia, in the period between July-September 2017 and April–May 2018, the study comprised a total of 239 persons who are parents of children aged 3 to 10 years. The majority of respondents demonstrated an appropriate level of knowledge and awareness of the use of children’s dietary supplements. The results of the research allowed segregating the study group into parents who contest the basis of administering supplements to children and those who supply their children with supplements in order make up for improper nutrition.

Gut-Muscle AxisExists and May Affect Skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Training.

Excessive training may limit physiological muscle adaptation through chronic oxidative stress and inflammation. Improper diet and overtraining may also disrupt intestinal homeostasis and in consequence enhance inflammation. Altogether, these factors may lead to an imbalance in the gut ecosystem, causing dysregulation of the immune system. Therefore, it seems to be important to optimize the intestinal microbiota composition, which is able to modulate the immune system and reduce oxidative stress. Moreover, the optimal intestinal microbiota composition may have an impact on muscle protein synthesis and mitochondrial biogenesis and function, as well as muscle glycogen storage. Aproperly balanced microbiome may also reduce inflammatory markers and reactive oxygen species production, which may further attenuate macromolecules damage. Consequently, supplementation with probiotics may have some beneficial effect on aerobic and anaerobic performance. The phenomenon of gut-muscle axis should be continuously explored to function maintenance, not only in athletes.

Identification of Risk Factors Associated with Obesity and Overweight-A Machine Learning Overview.

Social determining factors such as the adverse influence of globalization, supermarket growth, fast unplanned urbanization, sedentary lifestyle, economy, and social position slowly develop behavioral risk factors in humans. Behavioral risk factors such as unhealthy habits, improper diet, and physical inactivity lead to physiological risks, and “obesity/overweight” is one of the consequences. “Obesity and overweight” are one of the major lifestyle diseases that leads to other health conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cancer, diabetes type II, hypertension, and depression. It is not restricted within the age and socio-economic background of human beings. The “World Health Organization” (WHO) has anticipated that 30% of global death will be caused by lifestyle diseases by 2030 and it can be prevented with the appropriate identification of associated risk factors and behavioral intervention plans. Health behavior change should be given priority to avoid life-threatening damages. The primary purpose of this study is not to present a risk prediction model but to provide a review of various machine learning (ML) methods and their execution using available sample health data in a public repository related to lifestyle diseases, such as obesity, CVDs, and diabetes type II. In this study, we targeted people, both male and female, in the age group of >20 and <60, excluding pregnancy and genetic factors. This paper qualifies as a tutorial article on how to use different ML methods to identify potential risk factors of obesity/overweight. Although institutions such as “Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)” and “National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE)” guidelines work to understand the cause and consequences of overweight/obesity, we aimed to utilize the potential of data science to assess the correlated risk factors of obesity/overweight after analyzing the existing datasets available in “Kaggle” and “University of California, Irvine (UCI) database”, and to check how the potential risk factors are changing with the change in body-energy imbalance with data-visualization techniques and regression analysis. Analyzing existing obesity/overweight related data using machine learning algorithms did not produce any brand-new risk factors, but it helped us to understand: (a) how are identified risk factors related to weight change and how do we visualize it? (b) what will be the nature of the data (potential monitorable risk factors) to be collected over time to develop our intended eCoach system for the promotion of a healthy lifestyle targeting “obesity and overweight” as a study case in the future? (c) why have we used the existing “Kaggle” and “UCI” datasets for our preliminary study? (d) which classification and regression models are performing better with a corresponding limited volume of the dataset following performance metrics?

Peripheral levels of selected adipokines in patients with newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. The exact aetiology is unknown. However, genetic and environmental factors are suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of MS. Improper diet, resulting in obesity and metabolic syndrome, can contribute to this disease. Adipokines, secreted by adipose tissue, link the metabolism and immune system. We aimed to assess plasma levels of selected adipokines in newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve individuals with multiple sclerosis. Our group comprised 58 individuals (31 MS patients and 27 controls, matched for age and BMI) without diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidaemia. Circulating adiponectin and all adiponectin fractions, visfatin, and omentin concentrations were measured. Metabolic parameters were also assessed. In MS individuals we observed the following results: higher concentrations of visfatin, lower levels of omentin, and no differences in adiponectin array. There were also correlations between some adipokines and metabolic parameters. After adjustment to BMI, a significant decrease in total adiponectin, high-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin and omentin, and an increase in medium-molecular-weight (MMW) adiponectin were observed in the group of MS patients when compared to those of the controls. Our results indicate that adiponectin with its fractions, visfatin, and omentin cannot be considered as causative factors in the early phase of multiple sclerosis. However, the potential role of adipokines in MS is possible because they might be involved in the pathogenesis of MS, regarded as an autoimmune disorder.

Effect of Step Aerobics Applied Early in Phase 2 Cabg Subjects on Functional Capacity and Exercise Tolerance

Background: In recent years, cardiovascular accidents are rising due to improper diet, ill habits, uncontrolled cholesterol levels, stress, etc. Coronary artery diseases are in the leading cause of death. After a coronary artery disease like myocardial infarction the individual’s general health is week and the quality of life of these individuals is reduced and hence, morbidity starts building, causing reduced functioning and reduction in overall health and functional capacity. 30 individuals participated in this study who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting and were under phase 2 of cardiac rehabilitation. The individuals had performed low intensity Step Aerobics for 12 weeks and were evaluated for the efficiency of step aerobics on functional capacity and exercise tolerance in such individuals. Objectives: To find the effect of step aerobics on the functional capacity and on exercise tolerance. Methodology: In this study, 30 subjects who had undergone CABG of age from 30-65 years. These individuals were selected on the basis of their inclusion criteria. They were treated with step aerobics as form of exercises for 12 weeks. After pre-post assessment, the data was analysed with help of proper statistical methods. Results: According to the result, there is extremely significant difference among the subjects six- minute walk test distance scores (p-value &lt; 0.0001). Among the vitals assessed pre and post six-minute walk test, there was significant difference between the respiratory rate (p-value=0.0219), there was also very significant difference between the heart rate (p-value &lt; 0.001). There was not quite significant change in the blood pressure levels i.e. systolic and diastolic p-value=0.0559 and 0.0862 respectively. Also, there was seen extremely significant difference in the peak O2 consumption levels according to DASI p-value &lt; 0.0001) and also in the MET scores in DASI (p-value &lt; 0.0001), making the difference to be extremely significant. Conclusion: The results obtained by studying the effects post treatment suggest that in rehabilitation of the CABG patients, implementation of step aerobics early has greater effects on functional capacity, exercise tolerance and general health including the quality of life.

Review of concept of vihara with special reference to viharaja hetu of amlapitta.

The modern world is currently facing an epidemic of life style related diseases as a result of improper diet,sedentary life style and stress.Ayurveda has great contribution in prevention of the diseases as well as treatment of diseases.Ayurveda has given equal importance to Ahara and Vihara.All types of activities are included in Vihara.Vihara is a very broad concept.It has a key role in Swasthavrutta,Nidana and Chikitsa.The present article mainly focuses on the Nidana (Hetu-reason) aspect of Vihara as the Nidana Parivarjana is the prime treatment of any disease. Modern era’s changing lifestyle along with changing food culture has given birth to various diseases.Amlapitta is one of the most common diseases seen in the society.The disease Amlapitta is not directly mentioned in Bruhatrayi.Acharya Kashaypa was the first to describe Amlapitta as a disease.Viharaja Hetu play important role in the pathogenesis of Amlapitta.

Role of food and nutrition and prevention in pathogenesis of the arterial occlusive disease

Admission Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of complex etiopathogenesis. Improper diet, genetic predisposition, lack of physical activity, and smoking are just a few of the major factors contributing to the development of atherosclerotic plaque. Diet in atherosclerosis, treatment is based. Antiatherosclerotic diet is one of many components, which should provide not only the treatment of such a state, but primarily prevention. Accordingly, balanced nutrition regimen can reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver, which contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. Limiting the intake of trans fatty acids and saturated fatty acids allows for inhibiting the development of atherosclerotic plaque.AimThe aim of the study is to analyze the role of food and nutrition in the prevention and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis of the lower extremities.Material and methodsA review of available literature.Results Adequate intake of potassium in the diet contributes significantly to reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and hypertension. Potassium determines many important functions in the body.Due to the fact that the monounsaturated fatty acids reduce LDL cholesterol levels, the proportion should be in the diet increased to 15% and for the secondary prevention of up to 20%. In the prevention of atherosclerosis is very important to maintain an appropriate ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 ratio is absolutely should be no more than 4. It is extremely important in the diet because distorted value for the benefit of omega-6 favors the formation of atherosclerotic lesions.respective supply of carbohydrates also has a huge impact on the development of atherosclerotic lesions. The recommended amount of antiatherosclerotic dietary up to 60% provided that the people do not apply to such ailments as hypertension, overweight or obesity, elevated fasting blood sugar levels, decreased HDL cholesterol and elevated triglycerides.ConclusionsGeneral nutritional recommendations play the role of a signpost, which you should use expecting to improve health. It should be noted, however, that is not all. Nutritional prevention is significant, but equally important is lifestyle modification. Atherosclerotic diet is an important part of the treatment of the disease and prevent further growth of atherosclerotic plaque. Atherosclerosis requires the use of low-fat diet that is necessary to beat high blood cholesterol levels.

Pulsatilla Decoction Can Treat the Dampness-Heat Diarrhea Rat Model by Regulating Glycerinphospholipid Metabolism Based Lipidomics Approach.

Ethnopharmacological RelevanceDiarrhea is a major medical problem in clinical practice. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), different types of diarrhea should be treated with different TCM formulations based on the targeted medical condition. Dampness-heat diarrhea (DHD) is a serious diarrheal disease and Pulsatilla decoction (PD), a TCM, has been found effective against DHD.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of action of PD in DHD using an untargeted lipidomics strategy.Materials and MethodsWistar rats were randomized to four groups, including the control group, model group, PD groups and self-healing group. The PD groups were given a daily intragastric gavage of PD at doses of 3.76 g/kg. The rat model of DHD established by such complex factors as high-sugar and high-fat diet, improper diet, high temperature and humidity environment, drinking and intraperitoneal injection of Escherichia coli., which imitated the inducing conditions of DHD. Then the clinical symptoms and signs, blood routine, serum inflammatory cytokines levels and the histopathological changes of main organs were detected and observed to evaluate DHD model and therapeutic effect of PD. Lipid biomarkers of DHD were selected by comparing the control and model groups with the colon lipidomics technology and an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with Q Exactive plus mass analyzer. Multivariate statistical analysis and pattern recognition were employed to examine different lipids within the colon of PD-treated rats.ResultsThe clinical symptoms and signs of the model rats were consistent with the diagnostic criteria of DHD. After treatment with PD, the clinical symptoms and signs of the rats with DHD were improved; the indexes of blood routine and inflammatory cytokines levels tended to be normal. The lipidomics profile of the model group were evidently disordered when compared to the control group. A total of 42 significantly altered lipids between the model-control groups were identified by multivariate statistical analysis. DHD may result from such lipid disorders which are related to glycerophospholipid metabolism, arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism. After PD treatment, the lipidomic profiles of the disorders tended to recover when compared to the model group. Twenty lipid molecules were identified and some glycerophospholipids and AA levels returned close to the normal level.ConclusionGlycerophospholipid metabolism may play an important role in the treatment of dampness-heat induced diarrhea using PD.

Dynamic output nonfragile reliable control for nonlinear fractional-order glucose–insulin system

The main intention of this paper is to scrutinize the problem of internal model-based dynamic output feedback nonfragile reliable control problem for fractional-order glucose–insulin system. Specifically, a robust control law that represents the insulin injection rate is designed in order to regulate the level of glucose in diabetes treatment in the existence of meal disturbance or external glucose infusion due to improper diet. By the construction of suitable Lyapunov functional, a novel set of sufficient conditions is derived with the aid of linear matrix inequalities for obtaining the required dynamic output feedback control law. In particular, the designed controller ensures the robust stability and disturbance attenuation performance against meal disturbance of the glucose–insulin system. Numerical simulation results are performed to verify the advantage of the developed design technique. Specifically, the irregular blood glucose level can be brought down to normal level by injecting suitable rate of insulin to the patient. The result exposes that the level of blood glucose is sustained in the identified ranges via the proposed dynamic output feedback control law.

What factors contribute to the self-reported oral health status of Arab adolescents? An assessment using a validated Arabic-WHO tool for child oral health (A-OHAT)

BackgroundThe current study was performed; to validate the Arabic version of WHO child oral health assessment tool (A-OHAT), to assess the oral health status of Arab school children and finally to identify the important risk factors associated with the poor teeth and gum conditions of school children.MethodsA cross-sectional study with two-staged simple random sampling technique was implemented. A-OHAT, a self-assessment tool was subjected to psychometric analyses with the respondents being high school children. The Cronbach’s alpha and the Intra class correlation values were computed. Paired t-test was performed to identify the differences between the readings after repeated administration, followed by the analysis for convergent validity. This tested Arabic-WHO Child-OHAT was administered to collect the data. Univariate, bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to report on the potential risk factors associated with poor teeth and poor gum conditions of school children.ResultsPsychometric analyses revealed that the Arabic Child Oral Health Assessment Tool (A-OHAT) was reliable and valid. A total of 478 (N) high school children were subjected to the tested tool, of which 66.5% were male and 33.5% were female with a mean age of 16.28 + 1.04 years. 80.3% of school children had poor teeth condition and 36.2% of school children had often experienced toothache. Children had 1.5 times higher odds of having poor teeth condition if they had increased frequency of sweet and candy consumption. It was also seen that increased frequency of sweets and candy consumption by school children had put them at nearly 20% higher risk of having poor gum condition. Finally, children with the habit of using toothbrush had nearly 50% lower chance of having poor gum condition in contrast to the school children who do not use toothbrush.ConclusionTo conclude, the study provides a reliable and valid tool to assess the oral health status of Arab adolescents. Improper oral hygiene habits and diet were identified as the plausible risk factors for poor teeth and gum condition.

Effects of electroacupuncture at "Zusanli"(ST36) on ultrastructure and mitochondrial dynamics of skeletal muscle in rats with spleen qi deficiency syndrome

To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Zusanli" (ST36) on the ultrastructure and mitochondrial dynamics of skeletal muscle tissue in spleen qi deficiency rats, so as to explore the partial action mechanism of EA at ST36 for spleen deficiency syndrome. Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal group, model group, ST36 group and non-acupoint group (n＝6 in each group). The model of spleen qi deficiency syndrome was established by improper diet and exhaustive swimming. EA (2 Hz/15 Hz, 0.5 mA) was applied to bilateral ST36 in the ST36 group and non-acupoint in the non-acupoint group for 20 min, once daily for 7 days. The colorimetric method was used to detect the ATP content in skeletal muscle tissue. The ultrastructure changes of skeletal muscle tissue were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) mRNA and proteins in the skeletal muscle tissue were determined by fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The ATP content in skeletal muscle tissue of model group was significantly lower than that in the normal group (P<0.05), while significantly higher in the ST36 group than that in the model group and non-acupoint group (P<0.05). Transmission electron microscopy showed that a large number of muscle fibers that were ruptured, damaged, and disorganized; moreover, many vacuoles with different sizes, and abnormally shaped or swollen mitochondria were observed in the model group. ST36 treatment improved the disor-dered fiber arrangement, and reduced the population of damaged mitochondria; thus, fused and elongated mitochondria were readily observed. Compared with the model group, there were no obvious improvements in the non-acupoint group. Compared with the normal group, the expression levels of Opa1 and Drp1 mRNAs and proteins in the skeletal muscle tissue were significantly lower in the model group (P<0.05). After the treatment, the expression levels of Opa1 and Drp1 mRNAs and proteins were up-regulated in the ST36 group (P<0.05), and the expression of Drp1 protein was up-regulated in the non-acupoint group (P<0.05)．. EA at ST36 can correct the imbalance of mitochondrial fission and fusion in skeletal muscle of rats with spleen qi deficiency, thereby improving the damage of mitochondrial structure and function, and leading to an increase of energy metabolism.

Risk factors of osteoporosis among post-menopausal women.

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine risk factors of osteoporosis in women after menopause. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Sir Ganga Ram Hospital located in Lahore, a city of Pakistan. Period: 1st January 2018 to 31st July 2018 comprising on seven months duration. Material &amp; Methods: An inclusion and exclusion criteria was formed. Patients diagnosed cases of osteoporosis presenting in out-patient door of the study institution during study period and falling in inclusion criteria were selected for the study. Those not falling in criteria were excluded from the study. A questionnaire was formed containing all necessary questions such as age of patient, risk factors of osteoporosis and age of menopause. All data was documented properly. A well informed written consent was taken from all patients for including them in the study. Consent was taken from the ethical committee of the study institution for conducting study. Privacy of data of patients was maintained. Data was analyzed using statistical software and Microsoft office version 2017. Results were calculated in the form of frequencies and percentages and presented via tables and graphs. P-value less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Total 115 post-menopausal females with osteoporosis were studied. Their age range was 35-63 years with mean age 46.7 years. Age of menopause among study females was found to be less than 40 years in 4.3% cases, between 41-45 years in 20.9% cases, between 46-50 years in 9.6% and between 51-55 years in 25.2%. Common risk factors of osteoporosis reported in study females include low calcium diet in 60.8% cases, family history of osteoporosis positive at least in one close relative, overweight in 57.4% and history of steroid intake for prolong period was found a cause of osteoporosis in 21.7% cases, excessive intake of soft drinks (more than 400ml daily) in 34.8% and excessive coffee intake (more than 2 cups daily) reported in 33%. Other risk factors include thyroid disease, ongoing hormonal replacement therapy, and prolonged immobilization. Conclusion: Osteoporosis is a common problem among females particularly in post menopausal period. Most common risk factors of this disease are improper diet and lack of physical activity. By spreading awareness of this disease in community, encouraging proper intake of calcium containing diet and daily exercise can reduce incidence of this disease.

Stavovi studentske populacije o nepravilnoj ishrani i gojaznosti

In accordance with their obligations in college, students spend most of their days outside the home. It can lead to irregular and improper diet. The student population tends to consume high-energy, nutrient-poor foods, as well as neglecting meals, usually breakfast. This results in an increasing number of young people who have body-weight problems. The aim of this research was to determine students' attitudes about diet that can lead to obesity, as well as informing students about the consequences of obesity. There were 56 students of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, involved in the study. The research was carried out using anonymous questionnaire. The results of the study showed that a large number of students surveyed considered that they were obese and that obesity was a disease that could be treated in a healthy way. This study suggests that the student population should be offered education in this regard, since most of them are not familiar with the nutritional composition of a food before consuming it, as well as its "body mass index" and "body volume index". On the other hand, the students surveyed are aware of the particular risks that can lead to the onset of obesity, as well as the diseases that can arise as a result of being overweight. In addition, they consider the occurrence of obesity is a major problem not only in the world, but also in Serbia. This research is part of a study entitled "Attitudes and behaviors of students in relation to food and nutrition" and is a form of preventive action to combat the onset of obesity in the student population.

Concept Of Aahar By Ayurveda-A Review

Ayurveda, the science of life, suggested many Siddhantas (principles), One of the most important principles is the three factors that is Aahara (diet), nidra (sleep) and Brahmacharya (celibacy), are mentioned as three Upastambha (sub supporting pillars) for maintaining the health. Ayurveda gives equal importance to Ahara and Vihara. The health of the nation depends on the health of its citizens. Advanced modern medical science has no doubt extended the life span of the human, but the new upcoming health problems are also awaiting their solution. The modern world is currently facing epidemic diseases like diabetes, obesity, heart diseases, infectious disease etc., as a result of stress, improper diet and irregular or sedentary lifestyle. Humans have to suffer many problems related with health in day to day life. Hence the person becomes psychological and physical illness and unable to enjoy full life span. Ayurveda believes that in order to achieve and maintain healthy living (Arogya), it is essential to practice a healthy Vihara like Dinacharya (day regimen), Ratricharya (night regimen), Ritucharya (seasonal regimen), Ahara Vidhi (diet rules), Sadavritta (code of conducts) etc. are described in detail in Ayurveda. Because Ayurveda is mainly based on preventive aspect first rather than curative.

Public health significance of atherosclerosis

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide. Recently, mortality and morbidity from CVD have shown a trend in its occurrence in earlier years, while these diseases have been associated with older age until recently. In developed countries, mortality from diseases caused by atherosclerosis has decreased over the last 50 years. However, such a trend is not reflected in both underdeveloped and developing countries where mortality remains high. Risk factors have been identified and their control can influence the reduction in morbidity and mortality from CVD associated with atherosclerosis. Among these, the so-called variable risk factors are the following: increased concentration of LDL cholesterol fraction (LDL) and/or decreased concentration of HDL cholesterol fraction (HDL), hypertension, cigarette consumption, diabetes mellitus/metabolic syndrome, improper diet, while genetic predisposition is still considered to be an invariable risk factor. In order to reduce the incidence of atherosclerosis, the World Health Organization recommends a two-pronged approach that includes public health interventions to reduce population risk factors and medical interventions for individuals at high risk with stricter surveillance of risk factors. Examples of multisectoral public health interventions include increasing taxes on cigarettes and alcohol, followed by a massive campaign to promote physical activities and healthy diet, that is to promote healthy lifestyles.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

Experience of Treating 69 Cases of Gastroc Ardical Syndrome with Traditional Chinese Medicine

Aims: To explore the clinical efficacy of TCM in the treatment of gastroc ardical syndrome, and to summarize the experience of TCM treatment of gastroc ardical syndrome. Method: A retrospective summary of 69 patients with gastroc ardical syndrome treated by Binglin Liu, an old expert in Linyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, according to the patient’s clinical symptoms and prescriptions, summarizes the TCM classification and treatment methods of this disease. Results: The TCM syndromes of this disease can be divided into Spleen stomach damp heat, deficiency of spleen and stomach, deficiency of stomach yang, hyperactivity of fire, food retention in stomach. For each type of syndrome, 69 patients were treated for an average of 24 weeks, and the symptoms were all significantly improved. During follow-up, there were occasional relapses due to improper diet and other reasons. Conclusion: Traditional Chinese medicine has a significant effect on the treatment of gastroc ardical syndrome and is worthy of promotion.

Tratamento cirúrgico da obstrução intestinal por fecaloma em um puma (Puma concolor)

The puma (Puma concolor) is a large felid native to the Americas and one of the endangered species of the Brazilian fauna. Digestive disorders such as fecalomas are common in veterinary practice. Fecalomas are masses of retained feces that accumulate in the large colon and progress to hard fecal concretions that are difficult and painful to expel. Inadequate diets and mechanical intraluminal or extraluminal intestinal obstructions are the major causes of fecaloma. Tenesmus, anorexia, vomiting and dehydration are common clinical signs. The diagnosis is based on medical history and physical examination, and can be confirmed by imaging assessment. Fecalomas are amenable to conservative and surgical treatment, depending on disease severity. This paper describes a case of fecaloma in a puma. The diagnosis was made during exploratory laparotomy and improper diet incriminated as the cause. Surgical intervention consisted of enterotomy followed by removal hardened retained feces. Postoperative dietary management consisted of a liquid follow by a soft diet, with reintroduction of the regular diet after full recovery. Dietary supplementation with vegetable fibers was prescribed for life to prevent recurrence.

Risk factors in a health model of nursing stuff

Aim. To study the behavioral trajectory of the lifestyle of students of medical colleges who studied in 20152016 and a health model formed by them.&#x0D; Methods. Using a sample (n=400) selected by a simple random method, the lifestyle and health model of students of medical colleges in Moscow in 20152016 were studied by sociological method based on descriptive statistics, correlation-regression and factor analysis.&#x0D; Results. Analysis of lifestyles of the students of medical colleges revealed the following behavioral risk factors: alcohol consumption (55.3%), eating improperly (54.5%), smoking (38%), improper sleep regimen (35%), and low physical activity (30%). The analysis of the health model showed that such risk factors as smoking, improper diet, and incorrect sleep regimen are assessed by the students in medical colleges as harmful, and with the increasing prevalence of the factor among the students, the number who consider them harmful will increase, while such factors as alcohol consumption and low physical activity are not considered by the students as harmful and with the increasing prevalence of this factor among the students, the number of students who consider them as risk factors will decrease.&#x0D; Conclusion. Among the students of medical colleges, the negative behavioral trajectory of a lifestyle formed at the beginning of the 21st century, including smoking, drinking alcohol, unhealthy diet, improper sleep, and low level of physical activity, has been preserved; the developed health model shows that students consider smoking, malnutrition and improper sleep risk factors, and factors such as alcohol consumption and low activity are not considered harmful.