Improper Behavior Research Articles

Nutrition in Indonesia toddlers and preschools: understanding challenges and strategies

There is surely rapid development of toddler and preschool age children, especially related to human brain development. Poor development among under-five children in Indonesia in 2010 is ranged 40–59%. Global data shows that there is triple burden of malnutrition, and amongst improper behavior, the two highest clinical symptoms are hyperactivity and showing anger when displeased. This shows that children need nurturing care in which has its contribution through the life course.

The Impact of Exposure to Information Technology in Determining Women’s Knowledge of Complication during Pregnancy, Labor, and Postnatal

Background: Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) 2012 reveals that Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in Indonesia is 359 per 100,000 live births or increase from 228 per 100.000 live births in 2007. Compared to the other ASEAN countries, the risk of maternal death in Indonesia is also relatively high, 1 in 65 mothers. Some researches depict that maternal death is caused by inadequate care during pregnancy and delivery (labor). This condition is caused by the availability of health facility or improper health seeking behaviors. Considering the crucial role of knowledge to determine people behaviors, this paper is aimed to discuss the impact of information technology to shape people knowledge on maternal health. Subjects and Method: Some variables in Indonesian Health Demographic Survey 2017, identify the subject’s knowledge on danger sign of complication during pregnancy, labor/delivery and postnatal periods. In digitalized era, the knowledge may come from many sources. Therefore, the discussion will focus on the impact of subject’s accessibility and utilization of internet, mobile phone, radio, TV and newspaper in shaping knowledge of maternal health. Results: This study found that women with primary education (OR= 1.57; p < 0.001), did not access the internet (OR= 2.49; p= 0.110); the frequency of accessing the internet for health (OR= 1.94; p= 0.083) increased women's knowledge about dangerous signs during pregnancy. While not reading newspapers (OR= 0.66; p < 0.001); not watching television (OR= 0.66; p<0.001), having or not having television (OR= 0.59; p < 0.001); do not have a mobile phone (OR= 0.64; p<0.001); not having a radio (OR= 0.88; p < 0.001) decreased women's knowledge of the danger signs during pregnancy, but this result was statistically significant. Conclusion: This result reveal that the effectiveness of internet to influence women knowledge on maternal health must be improved because of its potential in this digitalized era and the progressive trend of internet penetration in Indonesia.

The Theory of Reasoned Action as a predictor of environmental behavior: A cross-cultural comparison between college students from Texas, Louisiana, and Honduras

ABSTRACT Environmental and ecological degradation has raised concerns worldwide. Negative attitudes toward the environment plus disinterest have led to improper behavior, influencing climate change and global warming. Awareness could have a positive environmental impact by influencing attitudes and behaviors. One way to generate awareness and ensure positive behavior is through education. Using the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), a 33-questions survey was implemented to college students from Texas, Louisiana, and Honduras to (1) compare students’ environmental attitudes, behaviors, and subjective norms at the three universities; and (2) predict how much of the undergraduate students’ environmental behavior variance could be explained by their environmental attitude, subjective norms, and perceived environmental knowledge. Multivariate analysis of variance and hierarchical regressions were performed to address the objectives, respectively. Results showed that Honduras and Louisiana students’ environmental attitudes, behavior, and subjective norms are significantly different than Texas students, and TRA variables increased the prediction of behavior variance by 15%. Understanding interactions between behavior, attitude, knowledge, and subjective norms among college students from different universities may help assess environmental interventions and design successful programs based on group needs.

‘Strong regulations’ of China’s platform economy: a preliminary assessment

ABSTRACT Within two decades, China built a very large platform economy. From the beginning of 2021, however, the Chinese government started to implement a set of new policies, popularly known as ‘strong regulations’, in order to correct improper platform behavior and improve market efficiency. These policies caused some negative effects on short-term momentum of the platform economy, including lay-offs of employees, decline of investment, and shrinkage of market valuation. This paper attempts to address the following questions: why did the authorities initiate this new policy? what are its net impacts on the platform economy? and how can the regulators do better? While acknowledging the urgent need for proper regulations for China’s platform economy, this paper argues that the authorities should find a better balance between regulation and development, with innovative thinking in dealing with issues such exclusive agreement, differential pricing and monopoly.

Female supporters of Indonesian Soccer: characteristics, coaching patterns, expectations and community perception

ABSTRACT This study examines the Indonesian soccer female supporters. The data were collected using in-depth interviews (direct, personal and unstructured interviews) with 165 respondents. According to the obtained results, the characteristics of female supporters are stronger than those of women in general. The supporters were college students as well as employed and unemployed individuals. Furthermore, the decision to support soccer was motivated by different reasons such as influence from parents and friends as well as stress relief. The coaching pattern was not structured; it was informal and based on kinship. Female supporters enhanced security by building facilities and recognizing gender equality and handling problems using their strengths. Organizationally, the presence of leaders influences loyalty. Therefore, there is no regulation from the government or other organizations. According to this study, there is a negative public perception of female supporters because of their impolite and improper behaviour. Additionally, women are generally not associated with supporting soccer. The obtained results are useful and form of a basis for creating a coaching model for female soccer supporters.

Greek myth or fact? The role of Greek houses in alcohol and drug violations on American campuses

ABSTRACT Greek-letter student social groups, better known as fraternities and sororities, are a ubiquitous feature on many American higher education campuses. These organizations, especially fraternities, have a reputation for encouraging unruly and improper behaviour among both members and non-members. This paper investigates the effect of the degree of prevalence of these Greek organizations at a campus, as measured by the percentage of students who are members of fraternities and sororities, on the instances of liquor and drug law violations on campuses, as measured by the number of arrests for liquor and drug laws violations. Using a unique dataset, which combines data from three sources, we address any potential selection bias by including several controls associated with party culture and through the inclusion of institution-level fixed effects. We find that a larger percentage of students in fraternities (but not sororities) is associated with an increase in the number of arrests for drug law violations. A larger percentage of students in sororities (but not the percentage of students in fraternities) is associated with a larger number of arrests for liquor law violations. This result is highly significant and is robust across various specifications.

The Tsar’s Happy Occasion: Ritual and Dynasty in the Weddings of Russia’s Rulers, 1495–1745 by Russell E. Martin

Reviewed by: The Tsar’s Happy Occasion: Ritual and Dynasty in the Weddings of Russia’s Rulers, 1495–1745 by Russell E. Martin Maureen Perrie Martin, Russell E. The Tsar’s Happy Occasion: Ritual and Dynasty in the Weddings of Russia’s Rulers, 1495–1745. NIU Series in Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies. Northern Illinois University Press, an imprint of Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY and London, 2021. xvii + 359 pp. Illustrations. Figures. Tables. Appendices. Notes. Bibliography. Index. £48.00: $59.95. In 2012 Russell Martin published a book about bride-shows in Muscovy (A Bride for the Tsar, De Kalb, IL), which the present volume complements by describing royal weddings from the late fifteenth century to the marriage of the future Peter III to the future Catherine II (‘the Great’) in 1745. The author has conducted extensive archival research for the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in particular, and he provides a thorough and meticulous account of these ceremonies. Martin’s main focus is on the Muscovite period. His first three chapters deal with a sample of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century weddings in chronological order. For the sixteenth century he takes the 1526 wedding of Vasilii III and Elena Glinskaia as his main example; for the seventeenth century he focuses on the two weddings of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich (in 1624 and 1626) and those of Aleksei Mikhailovich in 1648 and 1671, demonstrating how at Mikhail’s weddings the earlier rituals were modified in order to create an aura of legitimacy for the new Romanov dynasty. The following three chapters discuss thematic aspects of Muscovite royal weddings. Chapter four considers marriages of Orthodox and non-Orthodox partners: Elena, the daughter of Ivan III, to the Catholic Alexander of Lithuania in 1495; Maria Staritskaia, a kinswoman of Ivan IV, to the Lutheran Magnus of Denmark in 1573; and the marriages of the First False Dmitrii to the Catholic Marina Mniszech in 1605 and 1606, the first of which took place by proxy in Cracow, and the second in Moscow. In the fifth chapter the author examines the three main categories of participants in the wedding celebrations: members of the dynasty; courtiers and servitors; and the relatives of the bride, noting that since brides were usually recruited from middle-ranking service families, the placing of their relatives at the weddings often required exemptions from the formal system of precedence (mestnichestvo). Chapter six is devoted to the exchange of wedding gifts, especially the distribution of gifts from the bride, as a means of securing the loyalty of courtiers and the prayers of the Church hierarchs. The final two chapters shift the chronology forward to the St Petersburg period. Here Martin argues that Peter the Great moved away from the aim of consolidating the dynasty that had driven royal weddings in Muscovy, in order to promote his own charismatic authority by personally dominating the ceremonies. Peter’s 1722 attempt to determine the succession having failed, however, subsequent [End Page 378] royal weddings reverted to dynastic preoccupations, complicated by rivalry between the Miloslavskii and Naryshkin branches of the family. Martin describes all of these wedding rituals in great detail, and his analyses of their symbolism are generally persuasive. The author is concerned not with the wedding service itself, since that was the domain of the Church hierarchy, but rather with the subsequent celebrations, which normally lasted for three days. In the Muscovite period, the main participants were courtiers, and the primary function of the occasion was apparently to promote the social integration of the court elite. It was only in the St Petersburg period that public processions enabled the monarch’s subjects to witness the marriages of their rulers. Martin, however, pays little attention to the changing audience for royal weddings, and fails to place these ceremonies in the broader context of Russian society. For example, he explains the removal of the remnants of pagan fertility rites from the rituals at the weddings of Aleksei Mikhailovich, and the elimination of the traditional rowdy entertainments, in terms of the tsar’s personal piousness. But the reformist ‘Zealots of Piety’ had been campaigning since the 1630s for the abolition of such improper behaviour, culminating in the...

Maniac From the Adjacent Canon: How Science Normalizes Cult Evil

This article is devoted to studying cinematic images of serial criminals in a series of relevant topics: those where scientific and quasi-scientific methods, which are in Russian called “profiling”, are used to calculate and catch them. Assuming that cinema and television can change (and shape) a person's ideas about life, norms, about right or wrong, and proper and improper behaviour, the author refers to the comparison of the novel and the series as artistic phenomena with similar specifics of functioning and impact on the public. Further, the author compares the trickster and the maniac (psychopath or sociopath) found in the research literature and shows why this comparison is incorrect. Based on Foucault's discourse theory and his research of the concept of “abnormality”, the author focuses on the history of this concept in science and philosophy. Also, she stresses how the figure of an expert (criminologist, psychiatrist, doctor) arises and is conceptualized along with clarification of characteristics he is researching. Analyzing John Douglas' works, the author concludes that researchers who are now called profilers can be considered “experts” in the sense that Foucault wrote about it. They described the characteristics of a serial killer maniac, well known to us from films and TV shows. In the future, the images of serial criminals were built into account the data of modern science.

Exploring the Barriers and Challenges Saudi Arabian Nursing Students Encounter during their Internship Program: A Qualitative Study

Negative experiences on an internship can adversely affect the attitude and confidence of nursing students. This highlights the need to explore the experiences of nursing students as they progress through their training. The present study examines the challenges and problems faced by nursing students during their internship program at a hospital in Medina, Saudi Arabia. The study employed a qualitative exploratory study design by recruiting eight nursing students. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather data. Moreover, the data were thematically analyzed. The major challenges and problems experienced by the nursing students were lack of support, distrust, improper behavior, and absence of a preceptorship program. There is a negative impact of these issues on nursing practice in clinical settings. The study concludes that positive outcomes are likely to be achieved by improving the internship program.

On the vulnerability of anti-malware solutions to DNS attacks

Anti-malware agents typically communicate with their remote services to share information about suspicious files. These remote services use their up-to-date information and global context (view) to help classify the files and instruct their agents to take a predetermined action (e.g., delete or quarantine). In this study, we provide a security analysis of a specific form of communication between anti-malware agents and their services, which takes place entirely over the insecure DNS protocol. These services, which we denote DNS anti-malware list (DNSAML) services, affect the classification of files scanned by anti-malware agents, therefore potentially putting their consumers at risk due to known integrity and confidentiality flaws of the DNS protocol. By analyzing a large-scale DNS traffic dataset made available to the authors by a well-known CDN provider, we identify anti-malware solutions that seem to make use of DNSAML services. We found that these solutions, deployed on almost three million machines worldwide, exchange hundreds of millions of DNS requests daily. These requests carry sensitive file scan information, often - as we demonstrate - without any additional safeguards to compensate for the insecurities of the DNS protocol. As a result, these anti-malware solutions that use DNSAML are vulnerable to DNS attacks. For instance, an attacker capable of tampering with DNS queries gains the ability to alter the classification of scanned files, without a presence on the scanning machine. We showcase three attacks applicable to at least three anti-malware solutions that could result in the disclosure of sensitive information and improper behavior by the anti-malware agent, such as ignoring detected threats. Finally, we propose and review a set of countermeasures for anti-malware solution providers to prevent attacks stemming from the use of DNSAML services.

A qualitative study on challenges and barriers encountered by nursing students during an internship program

Nursing students' attitudes and levels of self-confidence can be negatively impacted by unfavourable experiences they have while completing an internship. This demonstrates the importance of conducting research into the experiences of nursing students as they advance through their education. This study investigates the difficulties and obstacles that nursing students encounter while completing their internships at a hospital in Medina, Saudi Arabia. The hospital is located in Saudi Arabia. During the course of the research, a qualitative exploratory study design was utilized, and a total of eight nursing students participated. In order to collect data, face-to-face semi-structured interviews were carried out with participants. In addition to that, a thematic analysis was performed on the data. The nursing students faced a number of significant challenges and problems, the most significant of which were a lack of support, mistrust, improper behaviour, and an absence of a preceptorship program. These problems have a negative impact on nursing practice in clinical settings because of how they manifest themselves. The findings of the study indicate that there is a high probability of achieving favourable results by enhancing the internship program.

Dignity Violations and Barriers to Dignity Assurance for Terminally Ill Patients at the End of Life: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Background and Objectives: Investigation into forms of behavior that violate dignity is not the typical way to look for means of dignity preservation, but it may be the optimal way to prevent improper behavior. Numerous studies document that maintaining and improving patient dignity at the end of life require an understanding of factors posing threats to dignity in health care organizations. This study aimed to assess associations between dignity-violating behaviors and barriers to the assurance of dignity in health care settings from the perspective of health professionals. Materials and Methods: An anonymous survey of health professionals was conducted in Lithuania in May 2021 by using a convenience sampling method (N = 168). Two scales were developed and included in the questionnaire. One scale measured respondents’ perceptions of Dignity Violations that they had witnessed. The other scale measured their opinions about Barriers to Dignity Assurance of terminally ill patients in clinical settings. Data analysis began with descriptive statistics, followed by exploratory principal component analysis (PCA) to identify the underlying structure of each scale. The variables assigned to distinct components in the PCA were combined into reflective latent variables in a path model. The path model of the relationships between the latent constructs was tested for significant links by implementing the partial least squares structural equation modeling technique. Results: Dehumanization, Humiliation, Inattentiveness, Control, Demonization, and Manipulation were identified as major forms of dignity-violating behavior. In addition, Organizational Barriers and Patient as an Obstacle were identified as two major types of barriers to the assurance of patient dignity. Both organizational and patient-oriented barriers were directly or indirectly associated with all forms of violations of patient dignity. Conclusions: The Dignity Violations scale showed potential for estimating professionals’ observations of dignity violations in health care settings. Perceived high workloads, staff shortages, insufficient resources, and lack of organizational support were identified as negative organizational factors that may result in increased risk of seeing patients as obstacles to providing care that preserves the dignity of terminally ill patients.

Assessing the Effectiveness of Environmental Training for Diving Tourists Using the DEA Model

This study proposes an approach based on data envelopment analysis to assess the effectiveness of environmental training for tourists. Most studies have considered only outcomes (i.e., the continuance or halting of improper behavior towards the environment) to represent the effectiveness of environmental training but this approach does not consider the amount of resources that have been applied in the process. The model utilizes input and output factors to estimate the index of effectiveness. We used a survey of underwater tourist activity to test the proposed model in the empirical evaluation and explored both the internal and external influences on the effectiveness.

Generasi Berencana Peduli Organ Reproduksi Perempuan (GenRe POP) Dalam Meningkatkan Personal Menstrual Hygiene Pada Remaja

Adolescents are at risk of health problems, especially when they face signs of adolescent development during puberty, namely menstruation. Adolescents tend to be less likely to maintain personal hygiene during menstruation (personal menstrual hygiene). Improper behavior in personal menstrual hygiene in adolescents can cause reproductive tract infections and other health problems. The purpose of this activity is to increase the knowledge and insight of adolescents in general to maintain personal hygiene during menstruation. The method of this activity is divided into several steps, starting with the socialization of the activity agenda, providing educational materials to teenagers through Zoom meetings, edutainment of the snake and ladder game on the carpet in the courtyard of the mosque area and finally a discussion (FGD) for mothers of teenagers about personal menstrual hygiene. The result of this activity is an increase in knowledge of personal menstrual hygiene in adolescents before and after attending education. Providing education that is packaged with a snake and ladder game model is proven to be effective in increasing adolescent knowledge about personal menstrual hygiene.

Представления о последствиях плохого характера и неправильного поведения у подростков с интеллектуальной недостаточностью

The materials of an empirical study of ideas about the consequences of the manifestation of bad character and improper behavior of a person in relationships with people, obtained from a sample of 77 respondents with intellectual disability: 52 of them are mentally retarded respondents aged 13-16 years, studying in grades 6-8 of adaptive school (34 of them male, 18 – female) and 25 respondents with a delay of mental development of 13-16 years old, studying in grades 8-9 of secondary school (of which 18 are male and 7 are female). A modified technique by M.A. Kholodnaya "Formulation of problems" was used. Respondents were asked to list a number of problems that arise in a person's life due to his bad character and improper behavior in relationships with people. The technique of inductive categorization was used in the analysis of interview data. The work is aimed at clarifying the ideas of the nuclear and peripheral parts of the structure of the collective representation of adolescents with mental retardation and mental retardation about the consequences of manifestations of bad character and improper behavior. The direction of the forecast is revealed to identify the consequences for the subjective experiences of a person with a bad character, the system of his interpersonal and activity relations. The productive aspects of collective representation, which serve as a guideline for the construction of pedagogical discourse of correctional and developmental orientation, are clarified.

WYBRANE ZACHOWANIA ZDROWOTNE DZIEWCZĄT W WIEKU OD 14 DO 19 ROKU ŻYCIA A RYZYKO WYSTĄPIENIA ZABURZEŃ ODŻYWIANIA: BADANIA PILOTAŻOWE

Background. Health behaviors combine emotional aspects, beliefs and tendencies to behave positively or negatively, thus making their nature very complex. The aim of this study was to assess selected health behaviors, subjective self-perception of the body image and eating patterns of girls aged 14 to 19 years (n = 114). The study entailed: examining the propensity of girls to reduce their nutritional consumption (Restricted Eating Scale), establishing behaviors associated with improper eating (Problem Eating Behaviors Questionnaire), identifying the factors affecting girls' eating behavior and subjective selfassessment of their body image and diet. Results and conclusion. The results of the study showed that girls had problems with an accurate perception of their own body image. Extreme food restriction was not proven, but some improper eating behaviors such as eating while doing activities, snacking during the day and eating irregularly were found. The continued monitoring of health-promoting behaviors is useful and reasonable due to the diagnosis of the need to take an action to promote the development of habits and hierarchies of health values among girls aged 14 to 19 from small town environments. The conducted research fits into health risk management and health promotion in the Polish population.

A methodology for the characterization of urban road safety through accident data analysis

As is known, road accidents essentially depend on four interrelated factors: human behaviour, vehicle efficiency, environmental conditions and the characteristics of the infrastructure. Although the vast majority of accidents is attributable to the first three factors, almost always attributable to improper user behaviour, it is of fundamental importance to try to reduce that part of the risk attributable to the infrastructure. In this research, the problem concerning the assessment of urban road safety in existing roads, in order to identify the dangerous sections on which to concentrate resources to make the functional adjustments deemed necessary, is addressed through the analysis of the accident rate found in operation. In particular, the research proposes a new model that characterizes the intrinsic risk of a urban road infrastructure through the assessment of accidents, disaggregated into different types, with a risk index that is a function of the two most significant variables that represent the accidents: the frequency with which they occur and the severity of the damages produced. The study also provides three aspects for achieving improved urban road safety. The first identifies the critical road sections (blackspots), through the application of the new model to the classic methods of accident assessment. The second defines the functional adjustments necessary to reduce the causes of accidents by comparing the risk of accidents, determined with the new methodology for each type of accident, and the technical characteristics of the road network in question. The third establishes the intervention priorities, based on an economic planning linked to the available budget, among the functional adjustments identified to reduce the risk of accident.

Study on the Diet and Health Status of the Working Population of the Birhor, PVTG of Purulia

A tribe is an independent political division of a population with a common culture. Tribal people are primitive residents of our country. Tribal communities are isolated from the general population and are socially and economically disadvantaged. In view of their habitat and dietaryU habits, they often distinguish themselves from other population groups. Their food consumption pattern is influenced by varieties of nature and varies from extreme deprivation in the lean season to high levels of intake of several foods during the post-harvest period. Geographical isolation, primitive agricultural practices socio-cultural taboos, lack of formal education, poor infrastructure facilities, improper health-seeking behavior, poverty etc. leads to the development of various morbidities and undernutrition. For this study, 100 individuals from the Birhor community have been selected among which 50 are male and the rest are female. Some anthropometric measurements are taken for understanding the health status and to understand the nutritional status of daily food intake has been taken in a methodological procedure. The analysis of the study reveals that few age groups of this particular population remain undernourished, though the majority of them still belong to the normal nourished and healthy population group.

Uwagi w kwestii odpowiedzialności karnej lekarza za zaniechanie (na podstawie studium przypadku)

The present paper discusses the issue of criminal responsibility of a physician for an omission. In the light of the applicable provision of the Penal Code of 1997, the criminal-law evaluation of an omission to provide medical aid by a physician in the presence of a risk to life or health of a person is two-directional. First, such behavior may constitute the formal crime of not providing aid, under art. 162 (1) of the Penal Code. Secondly, an omission to provide treatment may meet the criteria of a consequential crime committed by omission, directed against the life or health of a person, if it found that in the specific circumstances the physician had a special legal duty to prevent the consequence. Based on the literature, it was concluded that the matters of understanding of the special legal duty to prevent a consequence and of the sources of the guarantor’s duty in the Polish criminal law raise numerous doubts. The original cause of the risk faced by the patient is the disease, which initially develops independently of the physician’s actions. By taking medical measures, the physician interferes with this process to prevent the negative effects, which would have taken place if such measures were not taken. A situation is also possible where the physician fails to take appropriate medical measures and to prevent the development of the disease. Without any treatment, or proper treatment, the patient’s disease becomes exacerbated and the risk to the patient’s life or health increases. The risk may reach a level that puts the patient’s life and health in imminent danger or may materialize as a purely physical change in the outside world when the patient dies or loses health. It must be underscored that even if the source of this risk is an element of the outside world, which is independent of the physician, since the first contact with the patient the doctor can influence the development of the disease. In the case of presence of a special legal duty to prevent a consequence, mentioned in art. 2 of the Penal Code, the physician, under criminal responsibility, must monitor the development of the disease and take steps that are appropriate in the specific case in accordance with the principles of medicine. The authors illustrated the principles of criminal responsibility of physicians for criminal omissions in connection with their professional practice using, as case studies, two cases in which enforceable verdicts were issued. The criterion for the selection of the cases to be studied was the person of the convict – a physician who committed a crime consisting, in its essence, in not taking life- and health-saving measures. The two selected cases concerned crimes whose source was a physician’s erroneous diagnosis. The literature indicates that in most such cases, where the essence of the crime is a physician’s medical error, it is not possible to convict the physician of causing consequences such as the death of a patient, disturbance of his or her bodily functions, or a health disorder. Because it is not possible to prove the connection between the physician’s improper behavior and the effect, taking the form of a purely physical change in the outside world, in practice the judicial system often qualifies the offense under art. 160 of the Penal Code.

Performance Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Trust Mechanism

Abstract: Due to the characteristics like limited resources and dynamic topology, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are facing two major problems such as security and energy consumption. To deal with various improper behaviors of nodes the trust-based solutions are possible but still exist a variety of attacks, high energy consumption, and communication congestion between nodes. Therefore, this paper proposes an advanced and efficient trust-based secure and energy-efficient routing protocol (TBSEER) to solve these network problems and to avoid malicious nodes. Efficient Adaptable Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm (EAACO) calculates the comprehensive trust value through adaptive direct trust value, indirect trust value, and energy trust value, which can be resistant to internal network attacks such as sinkhole, black hole, selective forwarding, and hello flood attacks. In addition, to fast identify the malicious nodes in the WSN, the adaptive penalty mechanism and volatilization factor are used. Moreover, the nodes only need to calculate the direct trust value, and the indirect trust value is obtained by the sink, so as to further reduce the energy consumption caused by iterative calculations. To actively avoid network attacks, the cluster heads find the safest multi-hop routes based on the comprehensive trust value. The simulation results show that the proposed EAACO reduces network energy consumption, speeds up the identification of malicious nodes, as well as resists all common attacks. Keywords: Comprehensive trust value, direct trust value, indirect value, EAACO, network attacks, wireless sensor networks