Imported Food Products Research Articles

On the positive economic impacts of port infrastructure development and seaborne trade efficiencies in Sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Senegal

AbstractInefficient port infrastructures is one of the challenges facing Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly as regards the West African region’s economic progress. Using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model, the paper examines how improving port infrastructure in Senegal can increase the potential of seaborne trade, and accelerate economic and social development in the country and the wider region. Despite Senegal's strategic location along the Trans-Saharan trade route in West Africa, infrastructural limitations pose challenges to port capacity. Our findings suggest that improving port infrastructure can increase port productivity, leading to a reduction in costs of imported food products and domestic inputs. As a result, the country's competitiveness in international markets would be enhanced and could stimulate the production of cash crops, industrial food, and chemical products. This would lead to increased food supply and improved purchasing power, supporting the country's food security. Results show that increased efficiencies in maritime exports and imports lead to an overall increase in economic activity, resulting in significant GDP growth, improved welfare, and a reduction in poverty incidence. This growth can be attributed to higher exports and greater availability of imported intermediate inputs at lower prices, making exports more competitive in the global market as export prices decrease.

PENGARUH LABELISASI HALAL DAN HARGA TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK MAKANAN IMPOR DALAM KEMASAN (Studi Kasus Mahasiswa FEBI Uin Sts Jambi)

This study aims to reveal the effect of halal labeling and prices on purchasing decisions for imported food products in packaging (a case study of FEBI UIN STS Jambi students). As a goal, among others, to determine the effect of halal labeling on purchasing decisions of imported food products in packaging, and to determine the effect of prices on purchasing decisions of imported food products in packaging. This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach with questionnaire data collection methods (questionnaires), interviews, and documentation. The population in this study were students of FEBI UIN STS Jambi and samples as research respondents will be taken using non-probability sampling techniques with the Slovin formula of 100 students found at the time of the study. Data obtained in this study were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with the SPSS 21 program.The results of this study indicate that the calculated F value of 31.724 is greater than the F table of 3.09, which means that simultaneously there is an influence on the labeling of halal (X1) and price (X2) on the purchase decision for imported food products in packaging. Partially, it can be seen that all independent variables influence the purchasing decision, namely the halal labeling variable (X1) of 7,554 is greater than t table of 1.984 and the price (X2) of 2.074 is greater than the value of t table 1.984. Based on the results seen from the beta coefficient, the variable that most influences the Purchase Decision variable is the Halal Labeling variable which has a beta coefficient of 0.597 which is greater than the beta coefficient of the price variable which is only 0.164.

Russia-Ukraine War and Food Prices in Low-and Middle-income Countries

This study examines the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on food prices in 12 low-and middle-income countries (L&MICs) using Mean Group and Pooled Mean Group techniques on monthly data from January 2021 to April 2023. The study confirms the long run positive and significant impact and the short run negative and insignificant influence of the war. It thus recommends economic diversification by L&MICs to substitute the imported food products from the war zone.

Kesadaran Hukum Konsumen Atas Pembelian Produk Impor Kemasan Yang Tidak Mencantumkan Label Bahasa Indonesia

The surge in food imports has given rise to issues about the safety and consumer consciousness of imported food items without Indonesian labelling. The objective of the study is to examine the legal consciousness of customers at Ranch Market Tangerang with relation to packaged imported food items lacking Indonesian labels, and to elucidate the resolution process for imported food goods without Indonesian labels at Ranch Market. Conduct research using an empirical approach in the field of law. The technique is specifically applicable to concrete occurrences. The data sources consist of secondary data and primary data, which are collected using interview techniques and analysed using descriptive qualitative methods. The findings of this study indicate that the legal awareness of consumers at Ranch Market Tangerang regarding imported packaged products lacking Indonesian language labels is demonstrated through indicators of legal knowledge, comprehension, attitudes, and behaviour. Consequently, there is a necessity for enhancing consumer awareness across all indicators. The Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) at Ranch Market handles the settlement of imported food products without Indonesian language labels. This is done through their supervisory function as the responsible party for resolving imported food products that have shown unsatisfactory results.

LEGAL INSTRUMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND MERCOSUR’S TRADE AGREEMENT

The subject of the study is the external trade relations of the EU as a subject of international law, concluded with organisations of states and individual countries within the framework of the EU Common Commercial Policy. The aim of the study is to assess the provisions of the EU-Mercosur Agreement made in terms of the choice of legal instruments for the association of the two regions in terms of sustainable socio-economic growth and trade, while ensuring environmental protection and consumer food safety. The essential considerations are preceded by a demonstration of the evolutionary changes in the approach to food safety and environmental protection in the EU’s external trade agreements and Mercosur’s internal regulations. The analysis carried out mandates a number of conclusions relating to the two chapters of the agreement governing food safety of imported food products and environmental protection. The norms as negotiated in the agreement do not implement the objective of sustainable development and should be renegotiated. The exclusion of the precautionary principle only confirms the thesis that has been put forward.

Molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from imported food in China from 14 countries/regions, 2003-2018.

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is associated with severe foodborne infections and ubiquitous in the nature. Identification of characteristics of Lm transmission through trading of food products is essential for rapidly tracking Lm sources and controlling dissemination of listeriosis. In this study, a total of 44 Lm strains were isolated from food products originating from 14 countries/regions during 2003-2018 at the Shanghai port. The genomes of these Lm strains were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis showed that 43 isolates were divided into 17 sequence types (STs). The distribution of STs was decentralized, with the dominant ST2 accounting for only 18.18% of the strains. The LM63 strain did not match with any of the existing STs. Core-genome MLST (cgMLST) analysis based on 1748 core genes categorized the 44 strains into 30 cgMLST types (CTs), with CT10153 and CT7892 as the most predominant CTs. Notably, LM63 and LM67 shared the same CT in the cgMLST analysis. The phylogenetic analysis based on single-copy homologous genes revealed that the 44 Lm strains were primarily classified into two lineages. The SNP analysis also indicated that these strains were roughly divided into two clades, with strains in the first clade mainly collected earlier than those in the second clade, which were predominantly collected from 2010 onwards. The analysis using the virulence factor database (VFDB) indicated that the virulence gene inlJ was the most prevalent among these 44 strains. Notably, ddrA, msbA, and sugC were enriched in this dataset, requiring further clarification of their roles in Listeria through future studies. These results might provide a clue for understanding of the global epidemiology and surveillance of Lm and present insights for implementing effective measures to reduce or prevent Listeria contamination outbreaks in imported food products.

Kazakhstani agricultural products: prospects for entering the Chinese market

China, being one of the world's largest food importers, has significant market opportunities for the Kazakhstani agro-industrial complex. In order to use this potential, the Republic of Kazakhstan is actively implementing measures and programs to stimulate and support the export of agricultural products. The goal is to study the features and prospects for the export of agricultural raw materials and food products to the PRC. As part of this study, the International Trade Center provided information to analyze the volumes and range of exported and imported food products and goods that were categorized in accordance with the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity. Methods - descriptive statistics and index approach, allowing toidentify the main trends, quantitative changes and structural shifts in trade in food products of Kazakhstan with China and other countries. To determine the efficiency of production of various food products in the Republic of Kazakhstan relative to other countries, the Balassa index was used, measuring comparative advantage (RCA) in this area. Results - the authors note the positive impact of development of logistics, economic growth, market size and geographic proximity of Central Asian countries, including Kazakhstan, on formation of supply chains at different levels. However, to further modernize agri-food sector, a number of obstacles and risks need to be addressed: problems in production processes, processing and logistics, as well as technical and institutional constraints. Conclusions - improving the export strategy is crucial in shaping the national policy in the field of agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan in conditions of a mobilization economy: mitigating threats and risks, identifying internal resources to strengthen trade relations with the People's Republic of China.

German food security in times of crisis

The article deals with the German food security during the conflict in Ukraine. The study analyses the German food system resilience and the Ukrainian crisis impact on food security. The author aims to solve several scientific problems as well. The article examines the German understanding of food security and how the national concept corresponds to the approaches of international organisations. The author analyses the level of self-sufficiency in basic food products in Germany and the impact of the Ukrainian conflict on various imported food products. She examines official documents of the UN FAO, the government of Germany, and the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food to identify the conception of food security in Germany. The researcher scrutinises statistic data provided by the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture, the Federal Office for Food and Agriculture, the Federal Statistical Office and concludes about the level of German self-sufficiency in food. The interpretation of data data of fluctuations in the supply of oilseeds and oil reveals the effect of Ukrainian crisis on German food security as well. Official papers and statistic data analysis shows that Germany achieved self-sufficiency in basic food. The country focuses on strengthening the sustainability of agriculture and improving food quality in its national strategic papers. The weak element of food security is imports of oil and oilseeds, the supply of which declined in 2022. At the same time, raising prices and declining supplies of gas and fertilisers can become a serious threat to food security.

HPLC Method for the Determination of Benzoic acid in samples of commercial children’s food in the Markets of Aden -Yemen

The objective of this study was to determine the quantities of benzoic acid in some local and imported food products for the distributed children in Aden, Yemen. Samples of different food products for children (32) using HPLC method, were collected in August 2022, from different supermarkets in Aden, Yemen. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a C-18 column (EXCGL 120 ODS-A) and acetate buffer pH=4.4 - methanol (65:35) as mobile phase, 1 ml/min flow rate and UV detection at 233 nm. The results show that quantities of benzoic acid in studied samples varies greatly starting from 1.778 ppm to 849.295ppm, All samples of group II beverages and Juices samples and group III jam samples were under the study contain concentrations of benzoic acid within the limits allowed by standards of Yemeni and World Health Organization and the estimated maximum allowable benzoic acid in beverages, Juices and jam to 1000 ppm. All samples of the groups I and V cakes and food for children mainly manufacturers of grain, The samples that were under the study contain concentrations of benzoic acid and it is difficult to compare the amount of benzoic acid in samples of two groups with international standards, regional and local non-existence. All samples of the group IV dry milk and cheese samples under study contain concentrations of benzoic acid within the limits allowed according to the standard specifications of Yemen and specifications of the World Health Organization (WHO), which determined the maximum allowable of benzoic acid in dry milk at 50 ppm and the maximum allowed for benzoic acid in the cheese is 2000 ppm, except for sample No. 28 contains a concentration is higher than the allowable limit.

Mapping Food Losses in International Supply Chains: A Case Study of India’s Marine and Meat Exports

Food losses in international supply chains (ISCs) have garnered attention in global policy discussions due to their profound implications for global food security, livelihoods, and sustainable development. This study utilizes insights from knowledge informant interviews related to India’s two most exported food products to China and Vietnam. It comprehensively overviews the entire journey of these exportable and imported food products, from the export packing stage to final tradable point(s) of delivery while examining the nature, causes, and stages of food losses in ISCs. The study findings highlight that reducing food losses in marine and meat products requires various strategies, such as incentivizing reefer container manufacturing, facilitating capacity building and targeted training programs, and fostering public–private partnerships for trade infrastructure development, establishment of cold supply chains, and harmonization of rules, regulations, and standards through mutual recognition arrangements. Additionally, greater collaboration and synergy among stakeholders in ISCs are deemed crucial.

The effect of consumers’ halal awareness toward purchasing imported food products

Consumers' halal awareness refers to the level of knowledge and understanding that consumers have about halal products and services. The term "Halal" pertains to goods and services that are deemed permissible and in accordance with Islamic principles and laws. The objective of this study is to examine the level of halal awareness among Muslims, with a particular focus on its significance for Muslim consumers in their decision-making process when purchasing imported food products. Moreover, the present study endeavors to examine the sentiments and actual purchasing behavior of Muslim food consumers who have previously engaged in the acquisition of imported food products. A survey of 300 Muslim consumers was conducted in accordance with the objective of the study, which was to examine the Muslim consumers' halal awareness and purchase intent regarding imported food products. The examination of research data, regarding normality, reliability, factor analysis, and multiple regression, is conducted utilizing the SPSS program. Based on the findings of the analysis, it can be inferred that there exists a significant correlation between consumers' awareness of halal requirements and their inclination to purchase imported food that adheres to halal standards in Malaysia.

Challenges in the Sustainable Economy of Northern Ghana– Impacts of Soybean Trade on Bambara Groundnut: A Case Study

The global seed trade has reached and conquered Northern Ghana, squeezing out local suppliers. Considering ongoing population growth, rapidly urbanizing communities, changing diets, and vast quantities of imported food products, the endeavours of enterprises that try to reduce the local food production deficit should be more appreciated. Rice, maize, and soybeans are three types of grain that dominate the global seed trade. Furthermore, the natural conditions and vegetation of the sub-tropical region are close to optimal. While rice and maize have been cultivated for a long time, soybeans are a new crop in the semi-arid climate zone of the Guinea-Savannah.The motivations and ambitions are clear: pushing improved soybean seeds into the traditional farming system of Northern Ghana to meet the zero hunger sustainable development goal while widening the market for western seed producers. In the Ghanaian context, microfinance is built on making customers dependent on services. On the bone hand, it is a tool to extend farm sizes through mechanization, fertilizers, and modern cultivation technologies to increase yield; on the other hand, microfinance could cause financial difficulties within society and farmer associations, and it has negative effects on unsupported and unfinanced activities such as cultivating indigenous crops.

Assessment of food security under post-pandemic: case of the Republic of Kazakhstan

This research article examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security in Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study is to identify the main factors influencing the level of food security during the pandemic and to propose directions for improving it. The research methodology includes a literature review, analysis of statistical data using various logical methods of scientific knowledge such as analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, induction, deduction, and analogy. The study is comprehensive and covers a wide range of aspects influencing food security, providing valuable insights into the underlying causes of food security issues and suggesting practical solutions to enhance food security in the country. The main results of the study show that the pandemic has had a negative impact on the level of food security in Kazakhstan due to disruptions in food supply chains and the economic downturn caused by the pandemic. The analysis of statistical data highlights the need to focus on improving local food production and reducing dependence on imported food products. The study contributes to the field of food security by providing empirical evidence of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security in Kazakhstan and proposing specific directions for improving it. The practical significance of this research is that it can inform policymakers and stakeholders in the food industry about the measures that need to be taken to ensure food security in Kazakhstan during and after the pandemic.

Consumers’ purchase decision in the context of western imported food products: Empirical evidence from Pakistan

It is essential to identify consumer purchase behavior to establish and implement effective marketing strategies by Western food chains in Pakistan. By identifying motives, firms can offer extra-value products to their current and potential clients. Thus, this study seeks to understand what drives Pakistani consumers to buy imported Western food. This quantitative study uses A standardized structured questionnaire to collect data from 375 Karachi residents. The researchers use a convenient sampling strategy and analyze the data using PLS-SEM modeling through Smart-PLS 4.0. The findings of this research demonstrate that subjective norms, religiosity, product attributes, brand trust, customer satisfaction, and lifestyle significantly and positively influence consumer purchase intention. The findings also show that consumer purchase intention, lifestyle, and subjective norms significantly and positively correlate with purchase behavior. Finally, the study concludes that purchase intention significantly and positively mediates between exogenous and endogenous variables (purchase behavior). This research has significant theoretical and managerial implications. Local and international marketing professionals who wish to investigate the expanding consumer market in Pakistan can find the study's findings extremely useful. In addition, the outcomes of this research enrich the existing body of consumer behavior literature, which is helpful for future researchers.

A Brief Review of RASFF Notifications on Fruit and Vegetables, 1st Semester 2022-2023

This paper presents a comparison between the quality of imported food products sold at European, national and Constanța County levels. The alert, information and border rejection notifications sent by the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) have been used in the research, in order to assess the quality of the food products.

Профілактика захворювань аліментарного та аліментарно залежного генезу

The most important direction in the fight against noncommunicable diseases is pre-ventive referral. Measures aimed at preventing morbid and premorbid conditions make it possible to achieve an important goal – to reduce economic costs and improve the demographic situation in the country. Balanced nutrition is the main factor in a healthy lifestyle. Nutrition should ensure the normal growth of the body, determines mental and physical development, the functioning of all organs and systems, the formation of immunity, as well as the adaptation of the body's reserves depending on living conditions. The health of the population of a particular region depends on the ecological state of the envi-ronment and reflects the dynamic balance between the organism and the habitat of the individual species. In the human body, a dynamic stereotype is created with the preservation of homeostasis, which is supported by metabolic processes and neurohumoral and endocrine regulation. The deterioration of the environment is reflected in the health of the population. Hygiene is a branch of preventive medicine that studies the influence of various environmental factors on human health, performance and longevity. The purpose of this science is to develop measures aimed at improving a person and preventing the occurrence of diseases of both an indi-vidual and society as a whole. Hygiene focuses on the development of criteria for assessing envi-ronmental quality and scientific substantiation of optimal environmental parameters for human habi-tation. An important task of food hygiene is to study the physiological needs for food ingredients, on the basis of which quantitative and qualitative nutritional standards for different groups of the population are developed, depending on working conditions, life, age, gender, climate; substantia-tion of nutrition ratios of certain population groups; finding out the reasons for the development and spread of alimentary diseases and working out measures for their prevention, as well as the formation of food sets for therapeutic and therapeutic and prophylactic purposes; establishing the nutritional and biological value of new food products; ensuring the proper quality of food raw ma-terials and food, the introduction of sanitary food protection from the effects of harmful factors of physical, chemical and biological nature. Today in Ukraine, according to statistics, diseases, in the pathogenesis of which lies the food factor, have increased significantly. The peculiarity of alimentary pathology is that it can only be treated by correcting nutrition. The main priorities for the prevention of alimentary and alimentary-dependent seizures should be: ensuring physiological needs for essential ingredients with regard to ecological and endemic human living conditions; raising the level of knowledge among the population in the problems of healthy eating; ensuring high quality of domestic and imported food products. Keywords: prevention, alimentary diseases, population of ecologically non-safe regions, accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

Population structure of food-borne Staphylococcus aureus in China

Objective: To understand the population structure of food-borne Staphylococcus (S.) aureus in China. Methods: Whole genome sequencing was used to analyze 763 food-borne S. aureus strains from 16 provinces in China from 2006 to 2020. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), staphylococcal protein A gene (spa) typing, and staphylococcal chromosome cassettemec (SCCmec) typing were conducted, and minimum spanning tree based on ST types (STs) was constructed by BioNumerics 7.5 software. Thirty-one S. aureus strains isolated from imported food products were also included in constructing the genome phylogenetic tree. Results: A total of 90 STs (20 novel types) and 160 spa types were detected in the 763 S. aureus isolates. The 72 STs (72/90, 80.0%) were related to 22 clone complexes. The predominant clone complexes were CC7, CC1, CC5, CC398, CC188, CC59, CC6, CC88, CC15, and CC25, accounting for 82.44% (629/763) of the total. The STs and spa types in the predominant clone complexes changed over the years. The methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) detection rate was 7.60%, and 7 SCCmec types were identified. The ST59-t437-Ⅳa (17.24%, 10/58), ST239-t030-Ⅲ (12.07%, 7/58), ST59-t437-Ⅴb (8.62%, 5/58), ST338-t437-Ⅴb (6.90%, 4/58) and ST338-t441-Ⅴb (6.90%, 4/58) were the main types in MRSA strains. The genome phylogenetic tree had two clades, and the strains with the same CC, ST, and spa types clustered together. All CC7 methicillin sensitive S. aureus strains were included in Clade1, while 21 clone complexes and all MRSA strains were in Clade2. The MRSA strains clustered according to the SCCmec and STs. The strains from imported food products in CC398, CC7, CC30, CC12, and CC188 had far distances from Chinese strains in the tree. Conclusions: In this study, the predominant clone complexes of food-borne strains were CC7, CC1, CC5, CC398, CC188, CC59, CC6, CC88, CC15, and CC25, which overlapped with the previously reported clone complexes of hospital and community-associated strains in China, suggesting that close attention needs to be paid to food, a vehicle of pathogen transmission in community and food poisoning.

Analysis of recent (2015-2020) imported food data in South Korea with recall cases

The management of imported food products is highly important for the prevention of foodborne illnesses. This study analyzed the recent data (2015-2020) on imported food products in South Korea. During this period, the highest number of products were imported from China, with an average of 184,722 products, followed by the United States and Japan representing 95,454, and 46,306 products, respectively. Equipment, containers, and packaging items were most frequently imported from China, with an average of 33.4%. Conversely, processed food was most frequently imported from the United States and Japan, with averages of 34.7 and 43.4%, respectively. A total of 654 recall cases were reported during this period, with the largest number of cases being associated with the United States (30.2%), followed by China (29.4%). Chemical hazards were the major reason for recall (58%), followed by biological (13.4%) and physical reasons (6.1%). Overall, this information may be useful for the management of imported food items to prevent foodborne illnesses.

Rapid geographical source attribution of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis genomes using hierarchical machine learning.

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is one of the most frequent causes of Salmonellosis globally and is commonly transmitted from animals to humans by the consumption of contaminated foodstuffs. In the UK and many other countries in the Global North, a significant proportion of cases are caused by the consumption of imported food products or contracted during foreign travel, therefore, making the rapid identification of the geographical source of new infections a requirement for robust public health outbreak investigations. Herein, we detail the development and application of a hierarchical machine learning model to rapidly identify and trace the geographical source of S. Enteritidis infections from whole genome sequencing data. 2313 S. Enteritidis genomes, collected by the UKHSA between 2014-2019, were used to train a 'local classifier per node' hierarchical classifier to attribute isolates to four continents, 11 sub-regions, and 38 countries (53 classes). The highest classification accuracy was achieved at the continental level followed by the sub-regional and country levels (macro F1: 0.954, 0.718, 0.661, respectively). A number of countries commonly visited by UK travelers were predicted with high accuracy (hF1: >0.9). Longitudinal analysis and validation with publicly accessible international samples indicated that predictions were robust to prospective external datasets. The hierarchical machine learning framework provided granular geographical source prediction directly from sequencing reads in <4 min per sample, facilitating rapid outbreak resolution and real-time genomic epidemiology. The results suggest additional application to a broader range of pathogens and other geographically structured problems, such as antimicrobial resistance prediction, is warranted.

Economic evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy for purulent-catarrhal endometritis of cows with drugs of various pharmacological groups

Ensuring the food independence of the population of Russia, reducing the consumption of imported food products is one of the priority tasks of our economy. Achieving this goal is impossible without a comprehensive solution of many important issues of conservation and development of animal husbandry, a significant increase in the productivity of various animal species. Prosperous development is hindered by obstetric and gynecological diseases, which cause significant economic damage due to a decrease in milk productivity and reproductive potential, and premature culling of cows. A predisposing factor in the development of the inflammatory process is the weakening of the body's resistance as a result of inadequate feeding, lack of exercise, keeping animals in rooms where the main parameters of the microclimate are violated. The use of the preparation containing silver nanoparticles argovit allows to reduce the duration of treatment in the absence of damage from the rejection of milk after therapy. The study was carried out in order to study the cost-effectiveness of the treatment of mastitis in cows with drugs of various pharmacological groups. Animals were divided into experimental and control groups according to the principle of analogues. During the treatment of purulent-catarrhal endometritis of cows, the experimental group was injected intrauterine with the drug argovit in the form of a 10% aqueous solution at a dose of 100 ml 1 time in 48 hours and uteroton intramuscularly 10 ml once every 48 hours. The control group was administered intrauterine metrobiotic 1 tablet 1 time in 24 hours and uteroton intramuscularly at a dose of 10 ml, once 1 time in 48 hours. The results of the research established a high economic efficiency of veterinary measures per 1 rub. costs in the treatment of purulent catarrhal endometritis of cows with Argovit (16.2 rub).