Importance Of Skills Research Articles

Use of Video Laryngoscope during Intubation in Patients with Non Difficult Airway

Endotracheal intubation using laryngoscope which is an important skill required for all anesthesiologist in day to day practice is considered as gold standard for airway management. Various methods can be used for endotracheal intubation of which direct laryngoscopy is most commonly used and video laryngoscopy is an alternative. The success rate of tracheal intubation in cases of difficult airways has increased dramatically with the use of video laryngoscopes and improvements in the degree of glottic exposure. Hence this study aims to evaluate the laryngoscopic view, ease of intubation and haemodynamic changes during intubation using video laryngoscope in patients with non difficult airway. This interventional study was conducted in fifty nine patients of ASA I or II, ≥18 yrs of age with Mallampati grade I or II, mouth opening >3 cms, thyromental distance >6.5 cms of either sex planned for elective surgery under general anesthesia. General anesthesia was induced with similar doses for all the patients and intubated using video laryngoscope. Cormack-Lehane grade, intubation time, number of attempts for intubation and haemodynamic parameters were recorded. In this study, all patients had grade I type of laryngeal view during laryngoscopy and the mean time required for intubation was 18.93±7.08 sec. Out of 59 patients, 58 (98.3%) were intubated in single attempt and there was no significant haemodynamic changes during laryngoscopy with video laryngoscope. Hence, the result of this study concluded that endotracheal intubation using video laryngoscope provides good laryngoscopic view, better intubating condition for the ease of intubation without significant haemodynamic changes, thus considering worth for intubation of non difficult airway.

Fact check: Still not core journalism curriculum

Fact-checking has become a global industry, with more than 417 fact-checking outlets in 100 countries operating in 69 languages (Stencel, Ryan & Luther, 2023). According to the Duke Reporters’ Lab, half of the world’s fact checkers are associated with media outlets, but there are also 24 affiliated with academic institutions. Although the work is time consuming and resource intensive, fact-checking has increasingly been introduced to journalism programmes at universities and in professional settings. This expert article brings together some insights from a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) World Journalism Education Council (WJEC) roundtable event ‘Fact-Check and Verification as Core Journalism Curriculum’ hosted by RMIT University in Australia in 2021, alongside relevant literature exploring the nature and presence of fact-check based education approaches at that time. It concludes that while fact-checking and verification are important skills for student journalists, fact checkers do not necessarily need to be journalists, nor indeed have journalistic training. However, more students are needed who are excellent journalists and the authors argue that fact-checking is just part of that training.

Investigation of Balance Assessment of TecnoBody Devices in Athletes

Virtual reality (VR) is an advanced user-computer interface that includes real-time simulation and interactions through visual and auditory senses. VR is increasingly being used on athletes for assessment and training. Balance refers to maintaining the position of the body's center of gravity. Static and dynamic balance is the basis of postural stability and mobility and is an important skill in sport. Balance impairment increases the risk of falls and is clinically assessed using the Berg Balance Scale. However, more objective methods need to be developed. For this purpose, technologies such as posturography, which measures the center of pressure trajectory, are used. TecnoBody devices play an active role in the assessment and rehabilitation processes. In particular, proprioceptive and stability analyses are performed with ProKin devices, dynamic balance analyses are performed with D-Wall device and audiovisual feedback is provided with exergame. These devices are effective in rehabilitation and can increase patients' interest in treatment. As a result of the studies conducted in the literature review, TecnoBody Prokin has also been used in the field of sports sciences. In the studies conducted with Prokin, it was seen that it was generally used in dynamic and static balance evaluations. However, no studies on TecnoBody's other devices were found in the literature. In addition, in the studies examined, it was seen that TecnoBody devices were used as a evaluation tool instead of being used in exercises. With the advancement of technology, it is thought that TecnoBody devices can be more effective in people through exercise feedback.Keywords: Athlete Balance, Balance, TecnoBody,

Student’s Perception on the use of Hello English Application in Improving Speaking Skills

Background. In the current era of globalization, the rapid development of technology greatly affects various aspects of life, including education. The Hello English application has been introduced as a learning medium to improve English speaking skills for students. Speaking is an important skill in language learning that involves an interactive process of meaning construction. Purpose. This study aims to explore students' perception of the use of the Hello English application in improving their speaking skills, as well as to find out how effective this application is in helping the teaching and learning process. Method. This study uses a quantitative approach with data collection through questionnaires distributed to students majoring in English Education at Batang Hari Jambi University. The data obtained was analyzed to determine students' perception of the use of the Hello English application. Results. The results of the study show that most students agree that the Hello English app is effective in improving their speaking skills. This application is considered practical, interesting, and able to increase students' interest in learning. The features in the application, such as speaking practice with native speakers and structured learning materials, are very helpful for students in mastering English speaking skills. Conclusion. The Hello English app has great potential in improving students' English speaking skills. The use of this application facilitates the teaching and learning process and provides an interactive and fun learning experience. However, this study has limitations in the scope of the subject which only includes English Language Education students at one university. Further research is suggested to expand the scope of the subject and deepen the understanding of the use of technology-based learning applications in various fields of education.

Enhancing Early Childhood Literacy through Game-Based Interactive Digital Media Development

Literacy skills are one of the important skills needed by early childhood. Digital games are one of the media that can be developed into teaching materials. As we know, games have developed into many types. In this case, the research aims to develop digital games that can be useful for improving early childhood literacy skills. The game that was developed was then assessed for its feasibility to become teaching material by media experts. the results of the research by the two media experts showed 79.50%, which means that digital games are feasible to use to improve students' literacy skills. After going through an expert assessment, the digital games are implemented to early childhood to see the level of readability of letters by students. In the implementation stage carried out by giving pre tests and post tests, there was an increase in the readability of letters by children. Then the N-Gain test was conducted to find out how effective digital games are for improving literacy in children. The results of the N-Gain test found that digital games are very effective for use in learning with an N-Gain score of 77%.

Longitudinal Observation of Text Reading Fluency in 1st Graders with and without Dyslexia

Objectives: Text reading fluency is an important skill for students using Korean which has a transparent orthography system. This study longitudinally observed text reading fluency in Korean first-grade students with and without dyslexia over 3 semesters. Methods: Forty children with dyslexia and forty typically developing children participated in the study. They were grouped based on their performance at the beginning of the second grade. All students exhibited normal levels of listening comprehension and nonverbal intelligence. Over the three semesters, participants read six texts at various decoding levels. We then analyzed the number of correctly read syllables per 10 seconds, text reading accuracy, and speed. Results: Both the dyslexia and typically developing group showed significant differences in the number of syllables read per 10 seconds at all time points. Text reading accuracy improved significantly from first to second semester of first grade for both the dyslexia and typically developing group. By first semester of second grade, students with dyslexia achieved approximately 80% accuracy. While dyslexic students’ reading speed significantly improved from second semester of first grade to the first semester of second grade, they remained slower than typically developing students. Typically developing students showed consistent improvements in reading speed across all time points. Conclusion: When intervening with lower-grade students with dyslexia in Korea, it’s crucial to conduct not only decoding but also text-level fluency activities. Providing individualized texts that are decodable for dyslexic children seems to be essential.

Health Literacy Level of Patients Applying to Chest Diseases Outpatient Clinic and Related Factors: The Case of A Selected Training and Research Hospital

Health literacy is an important skill and capacity that affects individuals' ability to make decisions about their health and manage their health. It is associated with low health literacy, unnecessary outpatient clinic visits, high health expenditures, late diagnosis, and risky health behaviors. This research was conducted with 373 patients who applied to the Chest Diseases outpatient clinic of a training and research hospital in Istanbul. 20.4% (n=76) of the participants had low health literacy and 49.9% (n=186) had middle health literacy. According to the gender of the patients, while there was no significant difference in access to treatment health services, total score and self-efficacy subscale dimensions, the median of the health promotion subscale dimension was higher in women than in men and was found to be statistically significant. Statistically significant differences were found in access to treatment health services, health protection development, total score and self-efficacy subscale dimensions according to the educational status of the patients. Statistically significant differences were found in access to therapeutic health services, health promotion, total score and self-efficacy subscale dimensions according to the occupation of the patients. Health literacy level was found to be low in one out of every four patients. Gender, educational status and occupation were found to be effective on health literacy level.

P046 The hidden generic curriculum: identifying and formalizing important soft skills for trainee dermatologists. A retrospective review of journal club experience (2022–2023)

P046 The hidden generic curriculum: identifying and formalizing important soft skills for trainee dermatologists. A retrospective review of journal club experience (2022–2023)

The role of speech-language pathologists in supporting theory of mind through literacy-based activities

PurposeThis tutorial discusses the importance of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) supporting individuals with language disorders in their understanding of others’ cognitive and affective states (theory of mind, ToM), with a special consideration given to applying these suggestions with individuals who are neurodivergent. MethodI motivate this tutorial by first reviewing the literature related to ToM and language abilities for various populations of individuals with language difficulties, highlighting the need for explicitly targeting the language-related skills that are thought to underlie ToM for individuals with language disorders. I next present concrete examples of how to support ToM through literacy-based activities. I follow this discussion with a short description of how these activities may be applied with individuals who are neurodivergent through concrete examples, such as how inclusion of neurodivergent characters in storybooks can aid in educating children about understanding others’ perspectives. It further emphasizes the importance of discussing various types of mental and emotional states for individuals who share as well as differ in their neurotypes. ConclusionsLanguage skills are an integral part of ToM abilities. SLPs play an important role in supporting clients’ academic, literacy, and social outcomes and can support important perspective-taking skills through associated language/communication skills. The various skills that fall under the umbrella term ‘theory of mind’ can be appropriately incorporated into intervention and literacy-based tasks in a way that respects differences in neurotype while still building important language and communication skills for clients.

Digital Literacy Based on Islamic Values to Improve Risk Perception and Critical Thinking among Muslim Adolescents

Risk perception and critical thinking have become the two important cognitive skills for adolescents to possess in order to prevent risky online behavior such as spreading fake news. These skills are related to digital literacy and can be improved through training. However, most of the existing literature is in digital literacy training, online risk perception, and critical thinking by using correlational approach and conventional digital literacy training. For this reason, this research aimed to integrate Islamic values into digital training to improve risk perception and critical thinking skills among Muslim adolescents. This study hypothesized that digital literacy based on Islamic values can improve adolescents risk perception and critical thinking skills. To test this hypothesis, a pre-test post-test within experimental research design involving 112 Muslim adolescents in Surabaya was conducted. The participants were provided with digital literacy training which was embedded with Islamic values in four training sessions. The risk perception and critical thinking scale were used to measure each dependent variable. The results of data analysis using the paired sample t-test showed that there were significant differences in the scores of risk perception and critical thinking skills before and after training. Thus, the hypotheses in this study were accepted. The practical implications of the results of this study are also discussed.

Role of Self-Assessment in Improving Students' Writing: A Systematic Review

The process of writing is highly significant in the field of education as a means of communication. Writing proficiency is an important skill that EFL students are required to achieve during their academic careers. However, developing academic writing skills can be difficult for students as well as teachers. Various instructional strategies and interventions have been investigated to improve the quality of students' writing. Self-assessment is one such method that has received a great deal of attention. With the growing emphasis on self-assessment in students’ writing development, the review aims to provide an updated comprehensive synthesis of the current literature on self-assessment and its relationship with writing skills. The current review seeks to identify, describe, and synthesize the most rigorously available recent evidence base on the role self-assessment plays to improve EFL students’ writing skills. About 30 papers from 2010 to 2023 that were relevant to the topic of this paper were selected for the review process. Findings of this review indicate that self-assessment can play a role in improving the learning experience of students in general through improving their self-awareness and satisfaction; let alone improving writing skills. That is, the more students employ self-assessment and are aware of their mistakes, the better their writing skills are. Overall, learning writing skills is as teaching it, always challenging. Some recommendations for EFL teachers and implications for policy are discussed.

Promoting abstract thinking and scientific argumentation in the teaching of physics

thinking and scientific argumentation are two of the more important high-order cognitive skills that students at secondary level need to develop in the learning of physics. In this paper a new methodology based on constructivism’s view of education is presented by using counterintuitive experiments under a POE strategy (Predict, Explain, Observe). The experiments consist in a race of two soda can, one of them previously shaken, over an inclined plane; and the movement of a double cone object, built by two joined funnels, over two convergent inclined rails. The unexpected outcome of both experiments challenges the prior ideas of the students and provokes a higher engagement in their learning process. The results of a pilot experience applying this methodology suggest that using counterintuitive experiments under PEO strategy is an effective methodology to introduce the teaching of abstract concepts as moment of inertia and centre of mass. It also helps identifying students’ prior knowledge, promoting the use of scientific reasoning, and training students in the activation of their abstraction skills.

The Social Construction of Leadership, Implicit Leadership Theories, Leader Development, and the Challenge of Authenticity

If people want to be thought as leaders by others, they must be observed acting in accordance with others' implicit leadership theories. Therefore, prospective leaders are advised to consider whether to change their behavior to influence others' leadership assessments of them. The decision whether or not to instrumentally change behavior to match others' expectations raises authenticity concerns. There is a need to explore the tensions in the relationship between the practical application of ideas emanating from the socially constructed approach to leadership and authenticity. There are four strategies prospective leaders can choose between to navigate their own approach between instrumentally and authenticity. Two of the strategies accept the idea prospective leaders might deliberately change their behaviors; the other two strategies reject the notion. Learning how to reveal other people's implicit leadership theories is an important skill for prospective leaders to acquire so they might make informed decisions about how to adapt their own behaviors. Prospective leaders might consider making conscious decisions about the values and norms they are prepared to accept and the ones they will confront.

Integrating Aquaculture to Support STEM Education: A Qualitative Assessment to Identify High School Students’ Attitudes, Interests, and Experiences

This study explored the impact of an active project-based, aquaculture constructivist-learning program, as perceived by high school students. The purpose of this case study was to discover if participation in the program influenced students’ interest, engagement, and future educational and career aspirations in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) when integrating aquaculture in and outside the classroom. Likewise, the study also wanted to explore students’ knowledge about aquaculture and skill development after their participation in the program. The study employed a qualitative methods approach to explore students’ attitudes and experiences. Qualitative data were collected from post-student focus groups at three different public, rural high schools in Kentucky. Other qualitative data included teacher journal reflections (e.g., personal documents) and public newspaper articles (e.g., public documents). Four emergent themes were found: (1) Students show excitement and enthusiasm in the hands-on, aquaculture program; (2) students show attention to detail in the hands-on, aquaculture tasks, it sticks, and are more responsible; (3) students are collaboratively engaged with their peers; and (4) greater interest and confidence in STEM through practical application. Results demonstrated that the program engaged learners in real-world problem-solving and decision-making situations while working collaboratively in small works. It also appears that students gained an important life skill, responsibility, as well as self-confidence in STEM, after participating in the program.

Design principles for e-learning platforms featuring higher-education students’ enterprise systems end-user training

Enterprise systems are complex information systems that are inevitable for companies’ success. As enterprise systems are only successful when used continuously and efficiently by end-users, knowledge on how to use them has become an important skill for employees. Research and practice favor an early obtainment of these skills for employees. Thus, it is usual to train students in enterprise systems usage before they start their professional career. Even though in organizational settings e-learning based approaches gain momentum, adapting design instances of multi-purpose platforms like Udacity, Udemy or Coursera existing approaches directed at students are scarce. Nevertheless, a well-informed e-learning platform design can support the learning process. Therefore, we investigate the design of e-learning platforms featuring students’ enterprise system end-user training. To address the lack of guidance on designing such e-learning platforms, we proposed four meta-requirements and ten design principles to increase students’ learning success on e-learning platforms focusing on students’ end-user training. To achieve this goal and to ground our results on empiricism, we collected data about e-learning-platform design from three data sources: (1) We reviewed the existing literature, (2) carried out a multi-case analysis, and (3) derived insights from implementing an e-learning platform for students’ end-user training and thereby demonstrating the applicability of the design principles. Finally, we evaluated the implementation. Following the design principles, learning success should be increased by a flexible learning environment with easy access and use, propelled motivation, and fostered information exchange.

Enhancing critical thinking through collaborative learning: the impact of a partial pre-release assessment format

ABSTRACT Critical thinking has been identified as a very important skill by employers for the employment of graduates. A need exists to develop and assess critical thinking skills in tertiary institutions as employers have noted a gap in these skills among graduates. This skill can be developed, over time, by collaborative learning and given that student assessment, to a large extent, drives student learning this study proposed a revised assessment format: the ‘partial pre-release’ (PPR) assessment to attempt to cultivate critical thinking skills through collaboration. The PPR provided a pre-released case study where students had the opportunity to collaborate with peers before the assessment day. New information presented to students on the assessment day required increased depth in answering to showcase the cultivation of critical thinking skills. Quantitative data were collected over a period of two years using a survey. The PPR assessment format was found to show a statistically significant relationship between collaboration and the level of perceived depth when answering the required task. From these results, the study acknowledges the role that collaborative learning can play in cultivating a critical thinking mindset when an appropriate assessment tool is used.

Gig Work Self-Efficacy and Its Effects on Flexibility, Career Adoptability, and Adoption in the Metaverse: A Moderated Mediation Model

This study aims to investigate the exciting world of metaverse gig work, exploring how gig work self-efficacy influences their adoption of gig work itself, along with two key factors: work flexibility and career adaptability. We also examine how these factors act as mediators, mediating the relationship between gig work self-efficacy and gig work adoption. Furthermore, this study explores the moderating impact of professional isolation, a feeling of disconnect from virtual colleagues, on this relationship. This study collected data from gig workers from Pakistan, both from freelance settings and established gig work firms. The data were collected from 316 participants by using a convenience sampling approach, our study findings supported our proposed relationships by indicating gig workers with high gig work self-efficacy are more likely to enjoy both the freedom of schedule (gig work flexibility) and the ability to explore different career paths (career adoptability). These benefits act as significant mediators, helping gig workers embrace gig work in the metaverse more readily. However, professional isolation threw a wrench in the works, and gig workers with high self-confidence may encounter challenges in capitalizing on the full potential of flexibility and adoptability within the gig economy. Results show that professional isolation in the online world surprisingly made it harder for gig workers to connect their belief in themselves, and self-efficacy, with important skills like flexibility and adoptability. This study provides insights into gig workers who have significant effects on organizations and the gig economy in the complex world of the metaverse.

Features and strategy influence performance on a chemistry spatial task

Spatial thinking is an important skill for success in the chemistry classroom. Experimental studies on mental rotation, a key skill for spatial thinking, show interesting trends in participant performance on 2D and 3D similarity judgement tasks. In these studies, participants’ use of mental rotation is determined by linear regression and/or correlations of response time versus angular disparity of the task. While judgements with block diagrams are amenable to mental rotation, studies find differences with the more symbolic 2D chemistry diagrams depending in the participants’ expertise: novices tend to use mental rotation, while experts use algorithms or other heuristics. Herein, we study these aspects chemistry, spatial thinking, and mental rotation, adding to prior work by investigating the effect of time limits and how task variables like axis and angular disparity influence task performance. We also incorporated a block design that allowed us to look for practice effects. This study was conducted online with undergraduate students ( N = 162) and designed as a conceptual replication of Stieff et al. (2018) to explore how features of the task (e.g., axis of rotation) influence participants accuracy, response time, and their use of mental rotation, diagrammatic, analytic, or algorithmic strategies. Our results suggest that mental rotation was being used successfully for only z-axis rotations, with other strategies such as symmetry heuristics are likely being used for x- and y-axis rotations. We also found that practice can improve stereochemistry task performance. These findings support chemistry novices’ reliance on mental rotation but also suggest that alternative strategies are used when time is limited.

The future of education: “Freedom” as the foundation of the curriculum

The Merdeka Curriculum is characterized by an innovative approach in the educational context that provides teachers and students with greater freedom to develop and manage learning processes that aim to increase students' creativity, initiative, and responsibility in facing dynamic changes in science. This article encourages further discussion and a deeper understanding of the curriculum to create a more effective and appropriate learning environment for students. This article also discusses the concept of freedom of learning and its relationship to thinking and innovation. The research method used is a literature study to collect and analyze information from previous studies. The findings and discussion relate to the determination of the 2020 independent curriculum, its differences from the previous curriculum, and its impact on teaching staff and students. One important outcome of the self-paced curriculum is the emphasis on developing cultural agility as an important skill for future professionals.

The knowledge and skills of emergency department registered nursing staff at an academic hospital in South Africa, on endotracheal tube cuff manometry, before and after a training session

IntroductionAccurate management of endotracheal tube cuff pressure is essential to prevent patient morbidity and mortality. Due to increased length of stay of critically ill patients in emergency departments, it has become an increasingly important skill among Emergency Department nurses. MethodsThis prospective longitudinal interventional study was performed among registered nurses at the emergency departments in a Johannesburg Academic Hospital. The study aimed to determine their current knowledge and practical skills on endotracheal tube cuff manometry and assess the effectiveness of a training program. The training program was provided once, in the form of a narrated PowerPoint presentation developed by the researchers and involved theoretical and practical components. The participants' theoretical knowledge and practical skills were measured by using questionnaires and skill assessments. The theoretical and practical scores were compared pre- and post-training. ResultsOf the 63 registered nurses employed in the emergency departments, 95 % (60) participated in this study. 86 % reported having never received any formal training on endotracheal tube cuff manometry. Only 38.9 % used cuff manometry as standard practice and only 12.8 % checked it at appropriate 12-hourly intervals. The pre-training median score on theory was 4.5 (IQR=3.0) and improved to 7.0 (IQR=3.0) post-training. The maximum achievable score was 11 with a pre-training average of 41.8 % and post-training of 64.5 % (p = 0.001).The practical pre-training median score was 1.0 (IQR=8.0) and improved to 12.0 (IQR=2.0) post-training. The maximum achievable score was 12 with a pre-training average of 29.1 % and a post-training average of 93.3 % (p = 0.001). ConclusionThis study showed inadequate knowledge and skills on endotracheal cuff pressure manometry among registered nurses in the emergency department. It also correlates with other evidence that supports the need for ongoing training programs. Our training program led to significant improvement among participants in both knowledge and practical skills. This training program was well received by participants and deemed to be practice changing. The recommendation after this study will be for South African emergency units to consider using this study and training material as a guide for annual in-service training.