Important Life Events Research Articles

Primary and secondary prevention of postpartum depression

Pregnancy is one of the important life events in a woman's life, which in the face of pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding process, maternal psychology and physiology will have obvious changes, among which postpartum depression is more common. Postpartum depression (PPD) is a mental syndrome with obvious depressive symptoms or typical depressive episodes during the puerperal period. Its etiology is complex, with sleepiness, gloomy expression, crying and other symptoms in clinic, and even some patients will have suicidal tendencies, which seriously endangers maternal physical and mental health. In recent years, the adverse events caused by postpartum depression have attracted more and more social attention, and postpartum women's mental health has become a hot spot in clinical research. Clinical workers should improve the awareness of postpartum depression, and strengthen the maternal mental health screening, so as to detect psychological abnormalities as early as possible and give timely intervention measures. In view of the high incidence of postpartum depression, it is very important to establish a sound mental health service system for pregnant women. This paper will analyze the high risk factors of PPD summarized the targeted primary prevention and secondary prevention, and proposed prevention strategies before and after the onset of postpartum depression, respectively, to provide theoretical basis for effectively preventing the occurrence of postpartum depression or delaying the progression of postpartum depression.

Life review for older adults: an integrative review.

Life review therapy is a form of psychotherapy framework which involves the guided reflection of life events throughout a patient's life journey. Patients are encouraged to actively recall and analyze important life events, both negative and positive. Through this process, patients may be able to come to terms with, or even resolve negative events such as conflicts and regrets. The aim of this study is to gain an understanding of the current knowledge of the use of life review therapy in older adults, and to identify areas for future research. A systematic literature search was conducted across CINAHL, Medline, PsycInfo, Embase and Scopus. Papers were screened and selected using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria using Covidence and exported into Excel. Data analysis was conducted to synthesise thematic analyses. One hundred and thirty-one articles from 1974 to 2023 were included in this study and were used to develop four themes: life satisfaction and self-esteem, depression and depressive symptoms, institutional care and cognitive decline, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and trauma. Life review has some benefit in older adults in certain groups and situations, although the extent and duration of effectiveness of this benefit is unclear. Life review unlikely improves self-esteem. However, in the short term, life review appears to improve life satisfaction, depression or depressive symptoms, and PTSD symptoms in the elderly. Life review may be a useful therapeutic tool for older adults with cognitive decline for as long as the intervention continues. Areas for future research are explored.

Arts And Crafts Of The Singpho Tribe Of Assam: An Empirical Study

Each tribe has its unique style and traditions, contributing to the rich tapestry of global indigenous art and craft. In tribal societies, daily living, cultural identity, and arts and crafts are intricately entwined. These artistic manifestations frequently convey spiritual beliefs, narratives, and communal values in addition to having utilitarian functions. Natural dyes, textiles, wood and bamboo are among the materials that tribal obtain locally. Their relationship with nature is reflected in their connection to the environment. Generations of people pass along traditional skills, which include weaving, carving and making of bamboo basket. Every technique could have a unique cultural meaning. Numerous pieces of art have motifs and symbols that allude to social rank, tribal heritage, or spiritual beliefs. Crafts like clothes, baskets for carrying things all have useful applications. They combine practicality with artistic expression. Many tribal crafts are integral to rituals and ceremonies, such as textile used in dances or ceremonial clothing that signifies important life events. Arts and crafts foster a sense of community and belonging. This paper has been tried to explore the arts and crafts of the Singpho tribe of North-East India based on empirical study. The Singpho tribe, primarily lived in North-East India, particularly in Arunachal Pradesh and parts of Assam, has a rich tradition of arts and crafts that reflects their cultural identity and way of life. The findings revealed that arts and crafts of the Singpho tribe is a reflection of their rich cultural and heritage.

Guɗa in Hausa Celebrations Perspective and its Absence in the Yoruba Culture

This study investigates the socio-cultural importance of "guɗa," a customary celebration activity that involves the rhythmic generation of sound with both the mouth and the nose among the Hausa people. In important life events like marriages and births, as well as the announcement of any other happy events or good news, "Guɗa" is used as a symbol of delight especially by the women. This research investigates cultural differences in the use of music/oral sound and ritual to express joy and communal togetherness through a comparative comparison with Yoruba festive customs. The research explores the social roles, gender dynamics, and symbolic meanings that are inherent in celebration activities by utilizing theoretical frameworks, historical analysis, and ethnographic insights. The study delves into how modernity and globalization have affected customary celebration forms, emphasizing the adaptability of cultural customs in the face of shifting social environments. The results further our knowledge of how celebration plays a part in social cohesiveness, cultural preservation, and identity development in many societies. The study's conclusion highlights the ongoing importance of "guɗa" and related festive customs in maintaining cultural heritage and strengthening ties within the community.

Travel behaviour changes among young adults and associated implications for social sustainability

Travel behaviour changes among today’s young adults in relation to important life events, and associated implications for environmental sustainability have been discussed in recent studies. However, the social implications of their travel behaviour changes remain less explored. Applying latent transition analysis on longitudinal data collected in 2019 and 2022, we examined travel behaviour changes among young adults in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area, Canada in response to two life events- start of employment after completion of education and residential relocation and explored their social sustainability-related implications in terms of potential transportation-related social exclusion. Young adults showed a higher probability of becoming car users in 2022, however, those who joined workforce and relocated to urban areas were more likely to become transit users and active modes users. Young adults who switched away from active modes to public transit participated in fewer activities and were more likely to experience transportation-related social exclusion. Implications for transportation planning and policy have been discussed.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ СВАДЕБНЫХ АССОЦИАЦИЙ РУССКОГО НАРОДА

Features of wedding associations of the Russian people Summary The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of "wedding" in Russian. Dictionaries of V.I. Dal are used as sources for analysis. Today these dictionaries are monuments of Russian culture. They reflect not only the Russian language, but also Russian culture, the worldview of the people, their assessment of the most important events in human life. The analysis shows that wedding associations occupy one of the central places in the minds of the Russian people. Key words: wedding, Russian people, dictionaries of V.I.Dal, life, key events

Transitioning to adulthood for young disabled people: imagining new futurities while walking-with

From a disability studies perspective, we want to understand how to support young disabled adults to belong in their local community once the postsecondary transition has arrived. The force of imagination in the search for possibilities other than the often-fixed normalised pathways is investigated by looking at some important life events of Wout, a young man with Down Syndrome. The researchers experiment with the method of intuition of Bergson ([1946] 1992) by becoming part of the events shared through ‘walking-with’ Wout. Hereto a tracing-mapping (Lenz Taguchi 2016) exercise is followed to explore the open possibilities in Wout’s future, particularly in connection to employment. A speculative approach offers a conceptual and practical way to build concrete utopias (Bloch 1986) for the inclusive future Wout and his network are shaping.

An Outline of the History of Poles in Kishinev (1863-1918): Contribution to the Discussion

The main goal of this article is to present the most important events in the social life of the Polish population who lived in Kishinev in the years 1863-1918 (this place was then part of the Russian Empire, which was reflected in the name of the city). The text presents the organizational development of Poles from Kishinev, who, having limited financial resources, set themselves the task of helping the poor and tried to develop education in Polish language. The article also presents the profiles of selected artists of Polish origin (Eugenia Maleszewska and Władimir Okuszko) who undoubtedly contributed to the development of culture in Kishinev. When preparing this text, the author also read the press from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, which allowed him to select useful, and sometimes perhaps previously unknown, information and expand on some issues.

Sibling transmission of relationship breakup: Does partnership type matter?

Previous research has highlighted the impact of social network partners on individuals’ attitudes and behaviors and the significant role that siblings often play in providing lifelong support, especially in times of important life events. However, a few studies have examined the intragenerational transmission of divorce risks. Given the increasing prevalence of unmarried cohabitation, however, no study has yet unraveled the link between siblings’ relationship breakups in general, and neither has the impact of siblings’ partnership type and demographic characteristics been investigated. This study aims to understand cross-sibling influence on relationship breakup, including both divorce and separation, and whether sibling similarity in partnership type and demographic traits explain the social influence processes. We used longitudinal data from the Belgian population register and family fixed-effects event history analysis. Partnered individuals ( N = 67,113) and their siblings were followed between 1998 and 2018. The results revealed that an individual’s likelihood of experiencing a union dissolution was lower following that of a sibling. This was particularly pronounced among siblings belonging to the same partnership type (both married or both cohabiting) and close-in-age siblings. For instance, after a sibling’s separation from a cohabitation, cohabiters were at lower odds of dissolving their union than the married, especially when they had a small age gap. The findings indicate that accounting for the time-constant factors originating from the family context, a sibling’s breakup might have a protective impact on one’s own relationship status and duration. The study contributes to the growing knowledge on intragenerational transmission of partnership dissolution.

Travel behaviour changes among post-secondary students after COVID-19 pandemic – A case of Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area, Canada

Recent research has reported travel behaviour changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Speculatively, these short-term disruptions in travel may lead to new habit formation and longer-term travel behaviour changes among young adults belonging to generations Y and Z. Focusing on post-secondary students within Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area, Canada and using longitudinal data collected in fall 2019 and spring 2022, our exploratory study examined the post-COVID-19 travel behaviour changes and analyzed whether these changes are associated with their socio-demographic characteristics and life events experienced over the course of pandemic. Results show that many public transit users and active travellers (pedestrians and cyclists) switched to cars for commuting post-pandemic. The post-pandemic retention of public transit use was lower compared to cars, while active transportation modes had the lowest post-pandemic retention rate. Some socio-demographic characteristics such as age, living situation, work hours and access to cars were significantly associated with these changes. In terms of life events, students who joined workforce after completion of education between 2019 and 2022 were more likely to shift their commute mode from public transit to cars, implying some influence of this life event on commute mode changes, in addition to pandemic-induced changes. Our findings suggest that the post-pandemic commute mode changes observed among young adults in the GTHA may not be a result of only COVID-19 pandemic and may also be partly associated with important life events that they experienced over the course of pandemic. Future transportation planning and policy implications, and directions for future research have been discussed.

Maternal perceived stress and green spaces during pregnancy are associated with adult offspring gene (NR3C1 and IGF2/H19) methylation patterns in adulthood: A pilot study

BackgroundChanges in NR3C1 and IGF2/H19 methylation patterns have been associated with behavioural and psychiatric outcomes. Maternal mental state has been associated with offspring NR3C1 promotor and IGF2/H19 imprinting control region (ICR) methylation patterns. However, there is a lack of prospective studies with long-term follow-up. Methods52 mother-offspring pairs were studied from 12 to 22 weeks of pregnancy and offspring was followed-up until 28–29 years-of-age. During pregnancy, mothers filled in a Life Event Scale and a Daily Hassles Scale measuring perceived stress; i.e., appraisal or subjectively experienced severity of impact of important life events and of daily hassles in several life domains during pregnancy, respectively. Green space was quantified around the residence, using high-resolution (1 m2) map data. Saliva and blood samples were obtained from the adult offspring. Absolute DNA methylation levels were determined in blood and saliva on four NR3C1 amplicons, and one IGF2/H19 ICR amplicon using a bisulfite PCR and sequencing method. Linear mixed effect models were used to test the associations between perceived stress and green spaces during pregnancy, and adult offspring methylation patterns. ResultsWe found associations between maternal perceived stress during pregnancy and methylation patterns on two out of the four NR3C1 amplicons, measured in blood, from offspring in adulthood, but not with IGF2/H19 methylation. For an interquartile-range (IQR) increase in maternal perceived life event or daily hassles stress scores, absolute methylation levels on several NR3C1 CpG sites were significantly changed (-1.62 % to +5.89 %, p<0.05). Maternal perceived stress scores were not associated with IGF2/H19 methylation, neither in blood nor in saliva. Maternal exposure to green spaces surrounding the residence during the pregnancy was associated with IGF2/H19 ICR methylation (-0.80 % to −1.04 %, p<0.05) in saliva, but not with NR3C1 promotor methylation. ConclusionWe observed significant long-term effects of maternal perceived stress during pregnancy on the methylation patterns of the NR3C1 promotor in offspring well into adulthood. This may imply that maternal psychological distress during pregnancy may influence the regulation of the HPA-axis well into adulthood. Additionally, maternal proximity to green spaces was associated with IGF2/H19 ICR methylation patterns, which is a novel finding.

VERBAL AGGRESSION AND FALSE ARGUMENTS IN CRISIS POLITICAL COMMUNICATION

In this study we focus on political discourse and political communication in periods of crisis in order to characterize the speech of public figures from Bulgarian and Czech political life. The text examines political discourse in Bulgaria and the Czech Republic in the context of important crisis events in the political life of both countries - votes of no confidence in the governments. In the studied linguistic material analogical patterns of realization of communicative strategies are observed: linguistic aggression, use of false argumentation, expressed in accusing the opponent of incompetence and committing fraud, excessive use of lexemes with negative connotation, suggesting a sense of catastrophe and misfortune. The intensification of the message is also achieved through the use of a number of lexemes with a negative connotation, which is characteristic of aggression in political speech. As a means to achieve these goals, communication in political discourse usually uses expressive or other marked lexical expressions, as well as false argumentative strategies, aimed not at the content and nature of the problem, but at attacking the positive image of the communication partner. In the corpus of linguistic material studied, linguistic aggression based on the assertion of one's own personality, independently of the communication partner, was identified with high frequency. In the examples given, there is always a conscious linguistic strategy and intent that is clearly identifiable in a given communicative moment.

Journey Through Healthcare of People With Complications of Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study of Lived Experiences.

Despite its overall good performance, the Belgium healthcare system scores less well in providing equal access to healthcare compared to other European countries. This increases the risk of people worse off to receive late diagnosis and to get complications of chronic diseases. This study aims to achieve a deeper understanding of how people with complications of a chronic disease - diabetes type 2 - experience care in the Belgium health system through semi-structured interviews with extreme case study sampling of people with advanced diabetes, and inductive analysis. The results show that most respondents were diagnosed late in the course of their disease. There are variations in treatment and type of provider. People appreciate the personal and long-lasting contact with a medical doctor, while the contact with and role of paramedical providers was less recognized. Disease management has a significant impact on their financial budget and some respondents experienced barriers to obtain additional financial support. Non-medical costs are not reimbursed, presenting a high burden to people. Self-management is tedious and hampered by other worries that people may have, such as financial constraints and coping with important life events. To conclude this study highlighted the need to improve diabetes screening. We suggest to enhance the role of paramedical professionals, integrate a social care worker, reduce financial constraints, and increase health literacy through more patient-centered, goal-oriented care.

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the transition of primiparas becoming mothers scale

BackgroundThe transition to motherhood is an important life event in a woman’s life and represents an important developmental process that brings physical, psychological and social changes to gain a new role. However, research on the transition to motherhood in Turkish society is scarce. There is a need for a comprehensive, practical and reliable tool to evaluate the transition to motherhood in primiparous mothers. This study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Transition of Primiparous Becoming Mothers Scale (TMP-S) to evaluate the transition process of primiparous mothers to motherhood.MethodsThis methodological research was carried out in obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinics, pediatric outpatient clinics, and family health centers of a hospital in Türkiye. The sample consisted of primiparous mothers of 0 to 6- month-old babies who visited clinics and family health centers for routine postnatal examinations (n ​​= 305). After evaluating the language equivalence and content validity of the scale, test-retest reliability, internal consistency and construct validity were examined. Factor analysis, Pearson’s correlation, retest reliability, and Cronbach’s alpha were employed to evaluate structural validity and reliability.ResultsThe final TPM-S had two dimensions with 25 items. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor solution, which accounted for 59.276% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit of the two-factor model also reached a satisfactory model ft after modification. The comparative fit index was 0.894, the Tucker‒Lewis index was 0.882, and the root mean square error of approximation was 0.079. The content validity index of the scale ranged from 0.56 ~ 0.77. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.93 for the total scale, and the test–retest reliability was 0.96.ConclusionsIt is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating the transition to motherhood among primiparous mothers of 0 to 6 month-old babies in Türkiye. Turkish researchers and healthcare professionals can routinely apply this measurement tool to primiparous mothers in the first six months after birth to evaluate their transition to motherhood.

Body satisfaction and sexuality in pregnant and postpartum women

IntroductionPregnancy and postpartum is an important life event associated with profound physiognomic and psychosocial changes affecting the female body in all its physiological, psychic and affective reality. It might influence the sexual function in expectant mothers.ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between the body satisfaction and perception and the sexual function among pregnant and postpartum women.MethodsIt was a cross-sectional study established over a period of 3 months from the June 1st, 2023 to August 31, 2023. This study focused on a population of pregnant and postpartum women recruited from outpatient consultations and inpatient of the obstetric gynecology department at the university hospital of Gabes. We used a pre-established sheet exploring socio-demographic data, medical and gyneco-obstetric history, the body mass index (BMI) and informations concerning the marital relationship and the woman’s sexual activity. We administered the validated Arabic version of the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) to assess sexual functioning and we used the body satisfaction and global self-perception questionnaire (QSCPGS) to explore the body satisfaction and perception.ResultsFifty-eight women were included. The average age was 35.6±5.5 years; they were from an urban origin in 75%. They were pregnant in the first, second and third trimester in (15.6%, 15.6% and 25% respectively). They were in postpartum in 43.8% of cases with a cesarean delivery in 73.3% and breastfeeding in 56%. All women reported being on good terms with their spouses and satisfied with their sexuality. The usual frequency of sexual relations was (1/day: 22.6%, 1/week: 74.2%, 1/month: 3.2%) and 25% reported wanting to reduce the frequency. The mean ASEX score was 13 ± 4.3 and 47% of the sample had sexual dysfunction. For the total score of the QSCPGS, we observe a mean value of 33 ±28.3, which means that our sample has a good level of positive body satisfaction and self-perception. The mean value of the “body satisfaction” factor is higher (23.7 ± 10.4) than the mean value of the “self-perception” factor (11.4 ± 14.3). The mean value of BMI was 28.74 ± 4.4 wich means an overweigh. We found a significant association between the “body satisfaction” factor and the sexual dysfunction (p=0.03), insufficient lubrication (p=0.01) and difficulty reaching orgasm (p=0.001).ConclusionsWe found that body and physical changes among pregnant and postpartum women can negatively affects their body perception and it might deteriorate its global sexual function. Further researches are recommended to study other potential factors affecting sexual function during this period.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

SOURCES AND FORMS OF POPULATION REGISTRATION OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE: RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL REGULATIONS

Indicates the formation and subsequent development of documentation (registration) of the population of Russia, indicates the sources and forms of recording such information. Regulatory acts are presented, their analysis is given, the role of clergy as living sources, technical recorders and keepers of information about the most important life events of citizens is indicated. The main attention is focused on metric books and their role in establishing various historical facts. The emphasis is placed on the research of individual scientists who have professionally studied the listed problems, which allowed the authors to form their own point of view.

Actuality аnd Modality: Vatsov’s Energetic Metaphysics

The article reconstructs and critically discusses the energetic metaphysics of Dimitar Vatsov, which may be regarded as an important event in the philosophical life in Bulgaria. The article consists of two parts. The first part situates Vatsov's project in the context of the contemporary development of metaphysics and presents the evolution and logic of its realization, emphasizing the central ideas of actuality, energy, and codification. The second part presents a series of critical observations on the realization of the project, related to conceptual ambiguities and problematic theoretical moves. It is argued that the modal aspects of energetic metaphysics need conceptual clarification and theoretical justification. The article also aims to provoke a broader discussion on the state and future of metaphysical research in Bulgarian philosophy.

Adjust for non-ignorable panel attrition in the analysis of leaving the parental home

Leaving the parental home is an important life event that has received significant attention in the literature. Research on this topic relies heavily on panel data; however, panel data faces the issue of serious non-ignorable panel attrition associated with leaving the parental home. This paper addresses this issue using the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) as a case study. It introduces an adjustment procedure that combines panel gap imputation via the next observation carried backward and inverse probability weighting based on the retrieved information about leaving the parental home. The results show that this adjustment method yields more precise model estimates for leaving the parental home, and after the adjustment, the positive marginal effects of age and living with non-biological parents, as well as the negative marginal effects of Asian ethnicity and regional house prices, become more pronounced. This adjustment method has the potential to be applied to address non-ignorable panel attrition associated with other events in different panel data.

Dying, dependency and death: Exploring palliative care access gaps for children.

Death has become a medicalized event. As such, end-of-life care has become entrenched in an over-reliance on individual patient autonomy to guide ethical decision making. Subsequently, the process of dying and the event of death are not primarily valued as life events - that is, as life-affirming phases of living. Rather, dying and death are viewed through the lens of medical options of when and how to die versus why dying and death are meaningful. This presents a problem for addressing the pediatric palliative care access gap and the Global Common Good. Specifically, in the context of important life events, one of which is death, we need space to be dependent on our inter-personal relationships to make crucial life decisions that affect our well-being. Recognizing dependency and inter-personalism is particularly important for pediatric populations. Children are uniquely placed to draw on their families and caregivers to make affirming life decisions in end-of-life care. This is particularly challenging to do in the Canadian context when Specialized Pediatric Palliative Care is not equitably available but options such as assisted death may soon be. Importantly, the meaning of death and dying is largely unexplored for this population. To advance ethical care at the end-of-life, more emphasis needs to be placed on the meaning that end of life events hold for Canadian children. In this paper I will outline the relevance of dependency and inter-personalism to attend to dying and death as meaningful phases of living for Canadian children and in relation to the pediatric palliative care access gap, the Global Common Good and Global Health Bioethics.

Development of gender identity during adolescence: perspectives from Jordanian and Syrian youth

ABSTRACT The current study applied a life-course approach with 64 Jordanian and Syrian adolescents (15–19 years old) to understand when and how sociocultural norms are internalized and shaped the gender identity of adolescents passing from childhood to adulthood. The study participants reflected on important life events that shaped their sexual and gender identity in in-depth interviews using visual timelines. Data were analysed using narrative qualitative methods. The participants described the end of childhood as an essential transition point in forming gender-roles and identity. Normative gender role expectations were internalized through two social processes: nature vs. nurture and the public sphere is for men, while the private sphere is for women. Through these processes, the participants gradually adopted stereotypical adult gender roles culturally present in Jordan. The adolescents highlighted gender inequalities and double social standards as they evaluated the impact of restrictive gender norms on the evolution of their stereotypical gender roles.