Important Life Events Research Articles

Rituals shown by the novel 'Oothi Eriyappatatha Muttaikal (Unthrown Erudite Eggs)'

Rituals are closely related to man. It is not easy to separate rituals in man's life. It was the man who created the rituals. Even a man who does not believe in religion follows rituals. All the events of man from birth to death are woven through rituals. Rituals pave the way from having a healthy baby to going to heaven with lifeless body contentment. Rituals are followed from time to time so that important events in human life do not take place as normally as other events, and they should bring memorable memories. There is no place for right, wrong, truth, and falsehood here. Such rituals vary from group to group, from race to race, and since rituals are followed in all societies, the knowledge of other religious rituals is of interest to all. Literature also compensates for this interest in itself. Thus, the thesis deals with the rituals of the Muslim people in the novel 'Oothi Eriyappatatha Muttaikal’ written by Meeran Meideen.

The Mediating Role of Attachment Styles in the Relationship Between Rejection Sensitivity and Marriage Expectation in University Students

University years are the years of intense anxiety about the future for university students. A young person is worried about what kind of life (s)he will have in the future and who (s)he will marry. Because one of the most important events in human life is marriage and having a happy marriage is an important life goal of individuals. Spouses have many expectations from each other, such as friendship, intimacy, compatibility, and equality. However, failure to meet expectations in marriage has been identified as an important factor in the termination of a marriage. These expectations became clear in the years coinciding with the university period. The present study aims to investigate the mediating role of attachment styles in the relationship between rejection sensitivity and marriage expectation. The sample group for this study included 365 university students, 265 females and 100 males. A questionnaire form, the Marriage Expectancy Scale, the Three-Dimensional Attachment Styles Scale, and the Rejection Sensitivity Scale were used to collect data. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and mediator analysis methods. The analyses revealed that secure attachment has a partial mediating role in the relationship between rejection sensitivity and marriage expectation. However, avoidant attachment and fearful attachment were found to have no mediating role. In line with the findings from this study, it is recommended that seminars be delivered on this issue and that similar studies be conducted with different groups.

Understanding Pathways into Care homes using Data (UnPiCD study): a retrospective cohort study using national linked health and social care data.

Pathways into care are poorly understood but important life events for individuals and their families. UK policy is to avoid moving-in to care homes from acute hospital settings. This assumes that moves from secondary care represent a system failure. However, those moving to care homes from community and hospital settings may be fundamentally different groups, each requiring differing care approaches. To characterise individuals who move-in to a care home from hospital and compare with those moving-in from the community. A retrospective cohort study using cross-sectoral data linkage of care home data. We included adults moving-in to care homes between 1/4/13 and 31/3/16, recorded in the Scottish Care Home Census. Care home data were linked to general and psychiatric hospital admissions, community prescribing and mortality records to ascertain comorbidities, significant diagnoses, hospital resource use, polypharmacy and frailty. Multivariate logistic regression identified predictors of moving-in from hospital compared to from community. We included 23,892 individuals moving-in to a care home, 13,564 (56.8%) from hospital and 10,328 (43.2%) from the community. High frailty risk adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 5.11 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 4.60-5.68), hospital discharge with diagnosis of fracture aOR 3.91 (95%CI: 3.41-4.47) or stroke aOR 8.42 (95%CI: 6.90-10.29) were associated with moving-in from hospital. Discharge from in-patient psychiatry was also a highly significant predictor aOR 19.12 (95%CI: 16.26-22.48). Individuals moving-in to care homes directly from hospital are clinically distinct from those from the community. Linkage of cross-sectoral data can allow exploration of pathways into care at scale.

Answer to commentary – “The effect of cosmetic surgery on mental self-image and life satisfaction in women undergoing breast augmentation: An intermediate role of evaluating the surgery as one of the most important life events”

Answer to commentary – “The effect of cosmetic surgery on mental self-image and life satisfaction in women undergoing breast augmentation: An intermediate role of evaluating the surgery as one of the most important life events”

Social media use, social identification and cross-cultural adaptation of international students: A longitudinal examination.

The mobility experience is an important life event for international students, and achieving successful psychological and sociocultural adaptation is crucial for this experience to be positive. Through a three-wave longitudinal study among international students enrolled at universities in Spain, Portugal, and Poland (n = 233), we examined the relationships between social media use, social identification, and (sociocultural and psychological) adaptation across time. Results of cross lagged panel modeling (CLPM) showed that social media contact with home nationals predicted greater identification with this group. Social media contact with host country nationals predicted poorer adaptation. Social media contact with other international students did not show any effects, while identification with this group predicted better adaptation. Our results point to the dynamic nature of the adaptation process, showing that the role of social media use and identification targeted at different social groups may play different roles than was previously found in cross-sectional research.

Legal arrangements on post divorce child custodial

One of the most important events in human life is marriage. Humans as social beings cannot live alone, therefore to fulfill their biological needs or want to obtain offspring, humans must legally marry according to the laws in force in Indonesia. Regarding marriage in the state of Indonesia as regulated in the applicable laws and regulations. Based on Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 article 2 it is said that "Marriage is legal if it is carried out according to the laws of each religion." Disputes over child custody is one of the consequences of the breakup of marriage or divorce between husband and wife. When the divorce leaves a child, according to Burgerlijk Wetboek, children who are not yet adults who are not under parental control must be submitted under guardianship. Based on the research that has been done in Bedalawak Village, in this study the author uses a normative juridical research method. Children are a mandate and gift from God Almighty which in the child is inherent in the dignity and worth as a whole human being. Children are buds, potentials, and the younger generation who will succeed the ideals of the nation's struggle, have a strategic role and have special characteristics and characteristics that ensure the continuity of the existence of the nation and state in the future. Families, parents, government, and society must participate in the care or protection of children. Marriage is a bond that binds two human beings because humans are actually created in pairs. Humans are social creatures, where humans were created by God who cannot live alone and always need the help of others. All families always crave a harmonious family and there is no word of divorce after marriage. One of the noble deeds and should not be damaged and divided by trivial things is marriage.

How to enhance psychological security of enterprise employees during the COVID-19 pandemic: Based on MRA and fsQCA.

The economic impact caused by the outbreak and dynamic evolution of COVID-19 has reduced employees’ psychological security (PS), which not only threatens the physical and mental health of employees but also seriously affects the stable operation and sustainable development of enterprises. PS has been determined to be closely related to daily life experiences. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine the types and combinations of life events that improve employees’ PS during the pandemic. Cross-sectional data came from 764 enterprise employees in 8 provinces and cities in China during the pandemic period. The participants completed the PS scale to evaluate their PS, and the PS events scale to evaluate the different types of daily life events they experienced. Multiple regression analysis (MRA) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) methods were used to test the research hypothesis. The results of MRA suggest that rich leisure activities (RLA), harmonious family relationship (HFR), stable economic order (SEO) and recognition and support from others (RSO) are important life events that enhance employees’ PS. The results of fsQCA suggest that the independent role of SEO, the combined role of sound social security system (SSSS), peace and health events (PHE) and HFR, the combined role of PHE, fulfilling work/life status (FWLS), SEO and RSO can substitute for each other to promote employees’ high PS. This article reveals the contribution of daily life events to the PS of enterprise employees, and provides an empirical basis for formulating corresponding intervention measures to promote the physical and mental health of enterprise employees and effective enterprise management.

Trajectories to a cancer diagnosis: Why and when women seek help for breast symptoms in Vietnam.

Women in low- and middle-income countries where the prevalence and mortality of breast cancer are growing rapidly are more likely to be diagnosed at advanced stages, which negatively affects their treatment outcomes and chance of survival. The current literature in those settings tends to focus largely on explaining patient delay in seeking medical attention for breast symptoms. Meanwhile, little is known as to what prompts women to attend screening and diagnostic services after discovering symptomatic breasts. Drawn upon the data from in-depth interviews with 33 breast cancer patients in Central Vietnam conducted in 2019, this paper examines the context of women's decisions about breast screening and how the practice of seeking cancer diagnosis occurred. Our findings reveal an absence of a national screening program and that seeking medical advice was conducted on an ad hoc basis after self-detection of breast symptoms. Women's interpretations of symptomatic breasts as suspicious signs of cancer, the co-occurrence of important life events, or encouragement by people in their social network motivated women to seek medical attention at different public and private health facilities. Their encounters with the health sector often involved multiple visits across time and space in which they experienced various forms of diagnosis delay produced by the health system. Our study carries implications for interventions to encourage women's awareness of early cancer symptoms and prompt medical presentation after self-discovery of symptomatic breasts.

How Stress Is Related to Age, Education, Physical Activity, Body Mass Index, and Body Fat Percentage in Adult Polish Men?

Stressful events and chronic tension are considered a burden and a threat to physical, mental, and social health. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the associations of variation in stress exposure with social factors, physical activity, basic components of physical fitness, body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat (BFP). An additional objective was to identify the main BFP modifiers among those analyzed. The material consisted of data of ethnically homogeneous group 355 men (32–87 yrs), invited to the study as part of the Wroclaw Male Study research project. The analyzed features included socioeconomic status (age, educational level), elements of lifestyle (physical activity), major and most important stressful life events—Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) and basic parameters of the somatic structure of the body (BMI, BFP). Statistical analyses included: chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U test and backward stepwise regression (significance level α = 0.05). Stress exposure showed significant socioeconomic variation among the adult Poles studied. Higher levels of education were associated with higher levels of stress. Significant correlations between SRRS and physical activity were found, especially in men older than 60 years and with higher levels of education. A positive relationship was shown between SRRS and BFP, especially in men under 60 years of age. BFP appeared to depend mainly on age and stress. The main determinants of SRRS were age and education level, while BFP turned out to be more sensitive to stress than BMI. The modifying force of physical activity for SRRS appears to be age dependent.

Family rituals in postdivorce families: The role of family structure and relationship quality for parents' and stepparents' attendance at children's birthdays

Objective: To investigate if divorced parents celebrate their children's birthdays with their respective ex-partner and current partner, and whether they do so "jointly" with both.
 Background: Family rituals like birthday celebrations are important and meaningful events in people's lives, but little is known about who partakes in these in contemporary postdivorce families.
 Method: We assessed whether divorced parents celebrated their child's birthday together with their ex-partner (i.e., the child’s other biological parent), current partner (i.e., the child’s stepparent), and jointly with both. Dutch Data (N=2,451) was analyzed using linear probability models.
 Results: Most parents celebrated the child's birthday without the ex-partner, but with the current partner. One quarter celebrated with both. The ex-partners' presence was more likely when parents' and their current partners' relationship with the ex-partner was good; and less likely when parents had repartnered and when the ex-partners had sole custody or additional biological or stepchildren. The presence of the current partner was more likely in case of coresidence with the biological parent and when the ex-partner had a new partner; and less likely when the ex-partners had sole custody and when parents’ relationship with the ex-partners was good.
 Conclusion: Child-related family rituals mostly involve the "new" stepparent rather than both biological parents. The effects of relationship quality, co-residence, repartnering, and having additional biological or stepchildren highlight the importance of (step)parents' willingness to interact with each other, structural opportunities for parent-child interactions, and parents’ shifting loyalties from their ex-partner to their new family.

Place of residence and time of day as factors affecting the course of vaginal delivery.

Childbirth is one of the most important events in a woman's life and is influenced by many factors. The aim of the research was to analyze the impact of the place of residence of women giving birth and the time of day on the course of natural birth. The study was conducted using the method of analysis of retrospective electronic documentation of patients who gave natural vaginal birth in the St. Zofia hospital in Warsaw, Poland. The analysis covered the period from 1 January 2015-31 December 2020; from 40,007 cases, 20,980 were qualified for final analysis. Analysis of the documentation allowed to obtain the following data: socio-demographic, lifestyle, obstetrics, course of delivery and the condition of the newborn. Analysis of the relationship between qualitative variables was performed using the Chi-square test, while the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare two quantitative variables. Women giving vaginal delivery from rural areas were younger (30.9 vs. 31.3), had primary education (2.4% vs. 1.7%) and secondary education (16.2% vs. 10.1%), were in a relationship (86.1% vs. 81.6%) and more often had a higher BMI at birth (27.8 vs. 27.0), compared to the patients living in cities (p<0.05). In addition, between 07:00-18:59., induction of labour (20.7% vs. 19.1%), epidural anesthesia (35.4% vs. 34.0%) and episiotomy were performed more often (29.1% vs. 27.8%) (p<0.05). Differences were shown in the course of vaginal delivery in relation to the place of residence of the women, and the time of day of the delivery. These factors should be considered in the planning of perinatal care. At the same time, it is necessary to conduct further research on the analyzed aspect in order to ensure the highest quality care.

Socio-demographics, neighborhood characteristics, time use, and leisure-time physical activity engagement patterns over the life course

Physical inactivity remains a major public health challenge today. Understanding the determinants of changes in habitual leisure-time physical activity patterns by type across the life course is important for developing targeted interventions. This study presents a multiple discrete-continuous extreme value model to examine the determinants of habitual participation in and time allocation to multiple leisure-time physical activities over the life course. A comprehensive set of socio-demographics, life transitions, neighborhood characteristics, and time-related factors are considered as determinants of each activity type, including sports, recreational walking, cycling, outdoor playing, and dog walking. Results estimated on retrospective survey data collected in the Netherlands show significant differences in the determinants of the different types of leisure-time physical activity. Social-demographic factors have a strong influence on sports participation, followed by recreational walking, cycling, outdoor playing, and then dog walking. Life transitions have different effects. A change in marital status appears to be the most important life event for sports participation while changing jobs is the most important event for the other two activities. Neighborhood characteristics primarily affect participation in recreational walking, cycling, outdoor playing, and dog walking. As for time-related factors, they mainly impact sports engagement. The findings of this study could help develop effective interventions to promote leisure-time physical activity participation during life transitions and encourage healthy living.

The effects of mixed emotional appeals in leveraging paradox brands

This research examines the concept of paradox brands – that is, brands with contradictory brand personality associations (e.g., rugged yet sophisticated) – and explores how to increase favorable evaluations of such brands using specific emotional appeals. In this regard, important life events such as graduation or memories of a grandmother can elicit the mixed emotions of happiness and sadness at the same time. This research reports three experimental studies conducted in different markets (the U.S. and the UK) that demonstrate mixed emotional appeals (sadness and happiness) are more persuasive than positive emotional appeals (happiness) for enhancing favorable consumer evaluations of paradox brands. This is because experiencing mixed emotions increases cognitive flexibility. Further, the effect of mixed emotional appeals is attenuated at high construal levels. This research offers meaningful theoretical and practical implications to the literatures on brand personality and mixed emotions by highlighting the potential of mixed emotions for promoting paradox brands.

Diel timing of migration is not plastic in a migratory ungulate

The temporal windows during which animals complete essential life processes (i.e. temporal niche) allow animals to match their actions to a given environmental context. When completing seasonal migrations, some migrants switch their activity patterns (e.g. from diurnal to nocturnal in multiple species of migratory birds) to take advantage of better conditions. We tested the temporal niche-switch hypothesis by comparing activity patterns before and during migration for four populations of migratory mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus , in western Wyoming, U.S.A. (2007–2019). We predicted that the physically taxing and risky event of terrestrial migration would prompt shifts in diel activity patterns. In contrast to the niche-switch hypothesis, mule deer did not drastically change their activity patterns during migration. Both before and during migration, mule deer were crepuscular (i.e. most active during twilight hours). When migrating in the spring, however, mule deer tended to concentrate activity near dawn, although they did not concentrate activity near dawn in the autumn, when less snow was present. By moving in the morning during spring migration, mule deer moved when snow was hardest, potentially allowing them to avoid the energetic costs of sinking into deep snow. Mule deer overall maintained a consistent pattern of crepuscular activity, but fine-tuned their activity patterns during migration, which may allow them to better match their behaviours with environmental conditions while completing an important life event. Rather than abandoning activity patterns, animals instead may make subtle alterations in their activity patterns to take advantage of present conditions. • Mule deer did not switch the time of day that they were most active when migrating. • Instead, migratory mule deer fine-tuned their migratory behaviour. • Shifts in temporal niches may be underappreciated behavioural strategies.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BABY'S BIRTH WEIGHT AND THE INCIDENCE OF PERINEAL TEARING

Childbirth is a physiological process and an important event in life that is often remembered by a woman throughout her life, where birth trauma most often occurs is the perineum. A perineal tear is a perineal laceration that occurs when the baby is born either naturally or through an episiotomy. This study aims to determine the relationship between the baby's birth weight and the level of perineal tear in mothers with normal delivery. The research method is quantitative with a cross-sectional analytical research design. The sample is 298 people. Data were collected by looking at the maternity room register book from January-December 2021. Data were analyzed with the help of Software Statistics Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) Version 25. Research Results: from 298 deliveries there were 256 respondents who experienced perineal tears. 97 respondents to a grade 1 tear (32.6%), 156 respondents to a grade 2 tear (52.3%) and 3 respondents to a grade 3 tear (1%). Of the 298 mothers who gave birth, there were 256 deliveries with perineal tears with 206 (85.5%) baby weight &lt;3365gr and 50 (87.7%) baby weight &gt;3366 grams. Meanwhile, for mothers who experienced an intact perineum, there were 42 respondents where the baby's weight &lt; 3365 g was found as many as 35 respondents (14.5%) and the baby's weight &gt; 3366 there were 7 respondents (12.3%). The results of the chi-square test at = 0.05 obtained p = 0.821 (P&gt; 0.05) this means that there is no relationship between the baby's birth weight and the incidence of perineal tears. Conclusion: there is no relationship between baby's birth weight and the incidence of perineal tears.

Association between life events and later depression in the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study-The role of sex and optimism.

The association between life event stress and depressive symptoms has not been analyzed in the general population before. In the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study, we assessed the association of 1.) the presence of important life events and 2.) life event stress, with the amount of depressive symptoms in univariable linear regressions and in multivariable regressions adjusted for age and sex (model 1) and age, sex and optimism as important determinants of coping with life events (model 2). Presence of life events and life event stress were assessed with the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS), optimism with the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), and depressive symptoms with the 15-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Of the total cohort of 4,814 participants, 1,120 had experienced important life events during the previous 6 months. Presence of important life events was significantly associated with higher CES-D scores (B = 2.6, 95%CI = 2.2 to 3.0, p < .001; model 2) compared to absence of life events. Associations were stronger for women than for men and for pessimists than for optimists. Among the participants with important life events, median (Q1; Q3) stress-score was 45.0 (39.0; 63.0). Stress-scores >Q3 were significantly associated with higher CES-D scores (2.2, 1.1 to 3.3, < .001) with a stronger association in pessimists than in optimists. Experiencing life-changing events is associated with depression. Women and individuals with pessimistic personality are especially vulnerable which should be considered in prevention strategies.

The Ukrainian Opera Diva in Vilnius at the Start of the Twentieth Century. In memory of the 150th birth anniversary of Solomiya Krushelnytska (1872–1952)

The object of the article is the tours of Solomiya Krushelnytska (Соломія Крушельницька, 1872–1952), one of the most outstanding Ukrainian opera singers of the twentieth century, in Vilnius on 10 February and 21–22 March 1901. Not only Lithuanian but also Ukrainian, Polish, and Russian historiographies fail to reflect this significant fact in the history of musical culture of Lithuania. The concert of the world-renowned Ukrainian opera prima donna and her participation in two performances of an Italian opera troupe in Vilnius were important events in the cultural life of the city. They were warmly welcomed by the public of Vilnius and received glowing reviews. The acquaintance with the singer of extraordinary talent was a new and significant experience for the admirers of operatic art in Vilnius. The aim of this article is to publish the results of an in-depth analysis providing an opportunity to find out the circumstances of the tours of the world-acclaimed soloist in Vilnius. It also seeks to present a precise sequence of events that accompanied her visits and their reception in the city, as well as evaluate the artistic importance of her performances for the residents of Vilnius. At the same time, the article intends to fill the gap in the research on this particular theme and to enrich the material provided in the publications of the biographers of Solomiya Krushelnytska with her “Vilnius page”.

Fear of Childbirth and Its Contributing Factor – An Exploratory Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Motherhood and pregnancy are cherished moments in a life and considered one of the most important events in a women's life. So, she does the best to maintain good health to bring into this world a healthy baby. The fear of pregnancy is called tocophobia and it is defined as an intense state of anxiety which leads to fear of childbirth. Fear of childbirth result in increased number of visits to the obstetrician and in frequent request for cesarean delivery. The study aimed to assess the fear of childbirth and factors contributing to fear of childbirth among primigravidae at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methodology: Descriptive design with Quantitative approach was used and a sample of 269 primigravidae women by using consecutive sampling. Data was collected at Antenatal OPD, by using standardized tool Wijma delivery expectancy questionnaire Version – A and a checklist for factors contributing to fear of childbirth. Results: Level of fear of childbirth among primigravidae (24.4%) having severe level, (44.8%) high level and 24.1% having moderate level, 6.7% low level of fear of childbirth. Major contributing factor for fear of childbirth was Fear of labor pain (80.7%), and least common was disturbed self image and feeling of insecurity (27.9%). Conclusion: Majority of the primigravidae women face fear of childbirth, as contributed by various factors that affect fear of childbirth. Primigravidae women were counseled on one to one basis and they were made aware about the physiology of labor and what to expect during labor to alleviate their fear after the completion of the data collection process.

Wellbeing in higher education: a student perspective

ABSTRACT The move from secondary education into higher education is an important life event for many young people, and such a dramatic change in environment and responsibility can bring with it significant new challenges. Reports and surveys outlining low levels of wellbeing amongst students are becoming more and more prevalent. Many universities provide a broad range of support provisions, yet outcomes for students generally remain poor. The way in which pastoral care and guidance is signposted and communicated plays an important role in engaging young people, particularly in an environment where perception and stigma can be significant in influencing behaviour. Ensuring that wellbeing support is delivered in a convenient and sustainable way is a valuable tool in encouraging young people to come forward. Wellbeing should be reflected in every aspect of strategy for higher education providers, and a culture of proactive advice rather than reactive support should be the norm. Most importantly, reflecting on the voice of young people and creating student-led schemes will go a long way in ensuring that wellbeing support is open, accessible and effective.

Recall Pattern, Theme, and Occurrence Time of Events Based on Emotional Valence of Important Life Events in Older Adults

Recall Pattern, Theme, and Occurrence Time of Events Based on Emotional Valence of Important Life Events in Older Adults