Important Factor In Effectiveness Research Articles

Comment pouvons-nous améliorer le dépistage du cancer du col de l’utérus : que pouvons-nous apprendre des erreurs ?

Cervical cancer screening is considered one of the most significant public health interventions that can reduce not only the incidence, but also the mortality of the disease. One of the most important factors for screening effectiveness is coverage defined as the number of women tested within a recommended interval. In the first years of the cervical screening, the participation rate in National Screening Program in Romania was 14.2% with slight difference in different region of the country. In the northeastern part of the country, in the first four years of the program, the rate was 16.9% with an alarmingly continuous decrease. Thus, increasing the rate of uptake of cervical screening is essential. The policy-makers should take new measures to increase women's participation in this screening program. The objective of this paper was to review situation of the screening program and to identify gaps and needs in the system and to bring or suggest solution.

Direct Activation of Primary Motor Cortex during Subthalamic But Not Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus internus (GPi) is an effective treatment for parkinsonian motor signs. Though its therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear, it has been suggested that antidromic activation of the primary motor cortex (M1) plays a significant role in mediating its therapeutic effects. This study tested the hypothesis that antidromic activation of M1 is a prominent feature underlying the therapeutic effect of STN and GPi DBS. Single-unit activity in M1 was recorded using high-density microelectrode arrays in two parkinsonian nonhuman primates each implanted with DBS leads targeting the STN and GPi. Stimulation in each DBS target had similar therapeutic effects, however, antidromic activation of M1 was only observed during STN DBS. Although both animals undergoing STN DBS had similar beneficial effects, the proportion of antidromic-classified cells in each differed, 30 versus 6%. Over 4 h of continuous STN DBS, antidromic activation became less robust, whereas therapeutic benefits were maintained. Although antidromic activation waned over time, synchronization of spontaneous spiking in M1 was significantly reduced throughout the 4 h. Although we cannot discount the potential therapeutic role of antidromic M1 activation at least in the acute phase of STN DBS, the difference in observed antidromic activation between animals, and target sites, raise questions about its hypothesized role as the primary mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of DBS. These results lend further support that reductions in synchronization at the level of M1 are an important factor in the therapeutic effects of DBS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Recently there has been great interest and debate regarding the potential role of motor cortical activation in the therapeutic mechanisms of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease. In this study we used chronically implanted high density microelectrode arrays in primary motor cortex (M1) to record neuronal population responses in parkinsonian nonhuman primates during subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS and globus pallidus internus (GPi) DBS. Our results suggest a contribution of antidromic activation of M1 during STN DBS in disrupting synchronization in cortical neuronal populations; however, diminishing antidromic activity over time, and differences in observed antidromic activation between animals and target sites with antidromic activation not observed during GPi DBS, raise questions about its role as the primary mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of DBS.

Investigation of Changes in the Structure of Isfahan City in Ancient Texture, Iran

The structure of a city can be affected by many factors, such as environmental, economic, social, political, dominant intellectual parties and urban patterns of the world. Textural-spatial structure of the city is resultant of all forces that causes a settlement forms or constructed and has objective and subjective impressions. Development of the city had a descending and ascending trend, due to various events in all historical periods. Today, knowledge about spatial structure of the city and the reasons were dominated on its spatial expansion are needed to control its expansion and is one of the important effective factors on success rate of urban planners and designers. Textural- spatial structure of the Isfahan city which is formed quit and slowly during the different historical periods following the climatic, social, economic and intellectual parties in its own time; since the 1300 H.S, for many reasons, it has been undergoing evolution and transformation and then there have occurred various problems in the urban system. In such a way that, the Isfahan city which in olden times by having compact pattern was benefited from the social, economic and environmental advantages of this pattern, but along with the development of the city, it gradually getting away from this pattern. This paper with purpose of identifying factors affecting the textural-spatial structure of cities, is looking for analysis and identify the historical trend of expansion of Isfahan city and determines effective factors on it during the time using descriptive-analytic and historical research method and applying the qualitative-descriptive factors analysis. The results of this research show that, at first, natural factors, especially climatic conditions were among the most influential factors on the growth and development of Isfahan. But in subsequent periods, social, economic, political factors and especially dominant intellectual parties had a significant effect on the textural-spatial structure of the city.

Labor Productivity of Gypsum Plastering in Sulaimani City’s Projects

In this study the labor productivity (LP) and the effects of main factors on LP in building projects in Sulaimani City practically on field sites were investigated for gypsum plastering (GP) works. Accordingly, the most important effective factors on LP were, height(h), number of skilled laborers (SkL) and Crew size (Cz). 30 practical data on field sites were practically observed.
 The results showed that the minimum and maximum LP were between 10.53 and 23.73 m2/hr. The average LP was 15.2 m2/hr., while h=0-3 m, SkL=1-2 laborers and Cz=2-4 laborers. The study investigated that the h, SkL and Cz had a direct effect on LP, while it is found that the age and experience of laborers had a slight effect on LP. A model with a significant relation R 2 97.5% with the factors was found to predict the LP for gypsum plastering.

Use, and perceived usefulness, of cognitive behavioural therapy techniques for self-care among therapists

Abstract Mental health problems are prevalent among therapists and may have a negative impact on therapist effectiveness. To counteract such problems, therapist self-care (for example, striking a balance between personal and professional demands and seeking personal therapy), has received increased attention. Conceptually, self-care can be considered as part of a personal practice model, focusing on techniques that therapists engage with self-experientially with a focus on their personal and/or professional development. However, studies of the self-application of specific treatment techniques are lacking. We aimed to explore the use, and perceived usefulness, of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) techniques for self-care to prevent or treat own mental health problems among practising therapists. Participants were therapists (n = 228) of various professional backgrounds in Sweden. Data were collected using a web-based survey. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and non-parametric analyses conducted to investigate associations of 13 CBT techniques with therapist characteristics. Use of CBT techniques for self-care was highly prevalent among participants, and they perceived the techniques as useful, irrespective of characteristics such as gender, age, profession, years since graduation, clinical experience, level of training in CBT, and previous experience of personal CBT. The high prevalence among therapists of the use of treatment techniques for self-care is very encouraging. Therapist self-care, including the self-application of treatment techniques, may be an important factor for therapist effectiveness, which calls for further development of personal practice models with respect to self-care, and future studies investigating associations between therapist mental health, self-care, effectiveness and patient outcome. Key learning aims (1) Therapist self-care using cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) techniques to prevent or treat own mental health problems may influence therapist effectiveness. However, studies of self-application of treatment techniques are lacking. (2) In the present survey study, the use of CBT techniques for self-care was highly prevalent among practising therapists, and they perceived the techniques as useful, irrespective of characteristics such as gender, age, profession, years since graduation, clinical experience, level of training in CBT, and previous experience of personal CBT. (3) Almost all therapists believed that it was a good idea to self-apply CBT techniques for their own sake and for the benefit of their patients.

Childbearing Intention and its Associated Factors among Adolescent Girls: A Narrative Review.

Background:Childbearing is an important phenomenon among adolescents. Studies that have evaluated teenagers’ reproductive patterns have found that many adolescents are ambivalent regarding sexual activity and childbearing. In order to assess the patterns of adolescents’ reproductive health and pregnancy to conduct interventions, every country needs to collect specific data about childbearing intentions. This study was conducted to determine the factors that may affect the childbearing intentions of adolescents.Materials and Methods:This article was a narrative review. Articles derived from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from January of 2000 to February 2015 were assessed. Moreover, gray literature, such as conference abstracts, theses, and the result of technical reports were also used.Results:In total, 15 studies were included in the review. The findings of this study showed that childbearing motives are affected by several factors. According to the results of the qualitative studies, some of the most important effective factors were women's decision-making power and financial issues. In this regard, the quantitative studies noted that the cultural and economic factors were more effective than other factors in determining the childbearing motives of adolescents.Conclusions:Fertility expectations are affected by several factors and are compatible with a variety of conditions. Moreover, access to precise information on the effects of each factor (positive or negative) is necessary and useful for demographers, policymakers, and other planners in any community.

Evaluation of Collective Teacher Efficacy from the Perspective of Four-Frame Leadership Model

Collective teacher efficacy, as an important factor for school effectiveness, can be improved by leader behaviors in schools. Unlike the sum of individual teachers' efforts, the concept of collective teacher efficacy points to a greater impact on student achievement when teachers unify their efficacies. Therefore, examining the leadership orientations that play a role in the development process of collective teacher efficacy was seen worth for study. In this context, the purpose of the study is to find out the relationships between teachers’ perceptions about four-frame leadership orientations of principals and collective teacher efficacy. 452 primary school teachers participated in the study in which Leadership Orientation Scale and Collective Teacher Efficacy Scale were used. The teacher perceptions showed that leadership frames preferred by school principals are, respectively, structural, political, human resource and symbolic frame. It was also found that the collective teacher efficacy perceptions of teachers were influenced by seniority of teachers and settlement location of schools. Controlling for the variables of seniority and settlement location of school, all leadership frames were found to be predictors of the collective teacher efficacy. Accordingly, while the strongest predictor was the symbolic frame, the weakest predictor was the structural frame.

A dynamic model of effective factors on Agile business–IT alignment

PurposeThis paper aims to present a dynamic model based on casual relationships among the most important effective factors on business–IT alignment in Agile businesses by using system dynamics modeling approach.Design/methodology/approachTo study the most important factors on agility and alignment, the data were collected by questionnaires filled by 201 experts and were analyzed by SPSS and PLS. Casual relationships among studied factors and efficiency coefficients of each factor were identified by fuzzy DEMATEL technique and analyzed by MATLAB and EXCELL. Finally, the dynamic model was plotted by VENSIM.FindingsAccording to the results, only “learning IT capabilities” are the most important casual factor that has the highest influence on the other factors. “Business responding capabilities” take the highest effect from the system, and “business sensing capabilities” are in the next rank.Practical implicationsThis study underpins effective IT deployment toward developing efficient IT capabilities to gain greater agility.Originality/valueThe dynamic capabilities view (DCV) has emerged as an influential theoretical and management framework in modern IS and agility researches. In this regard, we propose a conceptualization of dynamic capabilities in the form of an alignment model. Based on the dynamic capabilities, and on the alignment perspectives found in Henderson and Venkatraman’s seminal model, IT alignment is modeled as a process of reconfiguration of the firm’s IT and organizational resources, competencies and capabilities.

Acceptability of Internet-based interventions for problem gambling: a qualitative study of focus groups with clients and clinicians

BackgroundAlthough Internet-based interventions (IBIs) have been around for two decades, uptake has been slow. Increasing the acceptability of IBIs among end users may increase uptake. In this study, we explored the factors that shape acceptability of IBIs for problem gambling from the perspective of clients and clinicians. Findings from this qualitative study of focus groups informed the design and implementation of an IBI for problem gambling.MethodsUsing a semi-structured interview guide, we conducted three focus groups with clients experiencing gambling problems (total n = 13) and two with clinicians providing problem gambling treatment (total n = 21). Focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a two-part inductive-deductive approach to thematic analysis.ResultsAlthough both user groups reported similar experiences, each group also had unique concerns. Clinician perspectives were more homogeneous reflective of healthcare professionals sharing the same practice and values. Clinicians were more concerned about issues relating to the dissemination of IBIs into clinical settings, including the development of policies and protocols and the implications of IBIs on the therapeutic relationship. In comparison, client narratives were more heterogeneous descriptive of diverse experiences and individual preferences, such as the availability of services on a 24-h basis. There was consensus among clients and clinicians on common factors influencing acceptability: access, usability, high quality technology, privacy and security, and the value of professional guidance.ConclusionsAcceptability is an important factor in the overall effectiveness of IBIs. Gaining an understanding of how end users perceive IBIs and why they choose to use IBIs can be instrumental in the successful and meaningful design, implementation, and evaluation of IBIs.

Designing a Mesoporous Zeolite Catalyst for Products Optimizing in n-Decane Hydrocraking

Mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite is developed to enhance the catalytic performance in a hydrocracking reaction. The generated mesopores and mesoporous channels in the new catalyst supply more opportunities for reactant accessing the active sites according to the better mass transfer and diffusion. Meanwhile, the acidity of the mesoporous catalyst is also weakened because of the removal of Si and Al species from its MFI structure, which makes the products distribution drift to more valued chemicals such as olefins. In the modified mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites via different metallic promoters, the olefins’ selectivity increases as the alkalinity of the catalyst increases. The reason for this is that the formed olefins will be further hydrogenated into corresponding alkanes immediately over the extremely acidic zeolite catalyst. Hence, the moderate alkalinity will limit this process, while at the same time the remaining olefins products will too. Furthermore, the Pd-based mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite shows an excellent n-decane conversion and high propane selectivity due to the occurrence of hydrogen spillover via the Pd promoter. The phenomenon of hydrogen spillover supplies more chemisorbed sites of hydrogen atoms for hydrocracking and hydrogenating in this reaction. In short, this study explores the important effect factors in n-decane hydrocracking reaction activity and products distribution. It also shows a potential for the further industrial application of petroleum-derived fuel hydrocracking according to the optimized products distribution under metallic promoted mesoporous zeolite.

Effects of the changes in the condylar long axis angle and condylar position on temporomandibular symptoms after intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy: a preliminary study

This study was conducted to characterize the effects of the changes in the condylar long axis and position on temporomandibular symptoms with respect proximal segment position after intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO). Twenty Japanese patients with diagnosed jaw deformity underwent IVRO without internal fixation. Long-term changes in condylar long axis and position were assessed during postoperative follow-up examinations by using computed tomography, and t tests were performed for comparison. In addition, changes in temporomandibular symptoms were examined. The degree of axial rotation of the proximal segment changed significantly when the proximal segment was located laterally. Downward changes in condylar position significantly differed when the proximal segment was located posterolaterally. Forward changes in condylar position significantly differed when the proximal segment was located laterally; moreover, when the proximal segment was located laterally, temporomandibular symptoms disappeared. Lateral location of the proximal segment may be an important factor in the positive effects of IVRO, with respect to temporomandibular symptoms.

The Relationship between Breast Self-examination and the Disease Stage in Detection Time among Patients with Breast Cancer in Yazd

Introduction: breast cancer, as the most common cancer among women, is controllable if it is diagnosed at the early stages. Breast self- examination is a simple method for early detection. One of the most important effective factors on the cancer-related mortality is the defection stage. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between breast self-examination and the disease stage with regard to the detection time among patients with breast cancer in Yazd. Method: this cross-sectional study was carried out on 159 women with breast cancer, who referred to medical centers in Yazd. Data collection tool was a questionnaire with two parts. The first part was the demographic information and the second part dealt with the patients' breast self-examination before the detection of their disease. The disease stage in the detection time was determined based on the results of the pathology test. Data were analyzed using χ2 and other description tests by SPSS. Result: A statistically signification relationship was observed between disease stage at the defection time and breast self-examination. The disease was detected earlier in individuals who reported a higher frequency of breast self-examination in comparison with those who did not. Conclusion: Breast self-examination affects the early detection of breast cancer and those who were educated had better practice. So, the results show the importance of educational programs in this regard.

Regional differences in aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) seedling response to an established nursery protocol

In seedling-based reforestation operations, seed source is known to be an influential variable affecting outplanting success. Adaptive variation among seed sources may also be an important factor in the effectiveness of standardized nursery protocols for seedling production. Particularly for wide-ranging species, regional optimizations of nursery protocols may be necessary to ensure consistent production of quality seedling stock. Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) is one such species, possessing the broadest distribution of any tree in North America. However, research on nursery protocols specific to aspen has focused on seed sources from a limited region in western boreal Canada. A well-established protocol shown to be effective for these boreal aspen uses a shoot growth inhibitor designed to maximize desirable seedling quality traits for outplanting success. We used this protocol on seeds sourced from two different regions in the southwestern portion of the species range (Utah and New Mexico, USA) and compared their response in the same nursery environment to that of a seedlot from Alberta, Canada to determine whether this protocol is also applicable for these very different regions. Seedlings from Utah and New Mexico differed significantly in their response to the protocol from the Alberta source, developing smaller root-to-stem ratios and sequestering less carbohydrate and nutrient reserves. Seedlings from Utah and New Mexico sources also differed from each other, with New Mexico seedlings growing larger according to all metrics. These results indicate that aspen nursery protocols will benefit from regional modification in order to optimize seedling stock quality and trait consistency.

Comparison between Macro & Micro Nutrient Intake in Depressed Patients with Healthy People

Background: In recent years, the prevalence of depression has grown dramatically in the world. According to WHO reports, about 350 million people suffer from depression. In addition to the side effects of antidepressants, many patients are resistant to treatment with these drugs. One of the most important effective factors in the pathology of depression is the role of nutrition in controlling and preventing this disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the macronutrient and micronutrient status in depressed patients and compare them with healthy people. Methods: In this case-control study, 110 depressed patients were matched with 220 healthy controls based on their age, gender, and area of residence. Patients were selected by simple sampling method. In the case group, unipolar major depressive disorder was diagnosed by a psychiatrist using the DSM-IV criteria. Food intakes of all participants were obtained using reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires and analyzed with Nutritionist4 software. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, and waist circumference were calculated for all participants. Results: The participants included 260 women and 71 men. The two groups had a statistically significant difference in terms of occupation, history of depression, childhood traumatic experiences, and family history of depression (P < 0.05). Regarding the macronutrients and micronutrients, a significant difference was observed between the case and control groups in terms of vitamin C, vitamin K, and dietary fiber intake, which were lower in depressed patients. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that intake of some micronutrients such as vitamins C, K, and dietary fiber may be associated with an increased risk of depression. Consumption of some micronutrients, mainly fruits and vegetables may be effective to control or prevent the risk of depression.

Mechanical characteristics of medical grade UHMWPE under dynamic compression.

The mechanical properties of medical grade ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) are critical for the safety and integrity of UHMWPE implantation. Accordingly, the mechanical features of UHMWPE are tested under repeated stress-controlled and strain-controlled compression at room temperature. Some important effect factors, such as stress rate, mean stress, stress amplitude, strain rate, mean strain, strain range and multiple load steps are further considered in detail. Results indicate that the lower stress rate causes the greater accumulated plastic strain and the accumulated plastic strain rate becomes increasingly lower with increasing number of cycles. The strain range and accumulated plastic strain rate decrease rapidly in the first stage, and then become almost steady during the second stage. Especially, the accumulated plastic strain rate per cycle for each case is less than 0.01 %/cycle after the initial 100 cycles. This means that the plastic strain accumulates very slowly and the shakedown behavior always occurs. Moreover, obvious cyclic softening and stress relaxation behaviors can be observed under cyclic strain-controlled compression during the first 50 cycles. This indicates that the accumulated plastic stain in the initial 100 cycles and the cyclic stress relaxation during the first 50 cycles should be assessed for the functionality of UHMWPE implantation.

A Multi-Dimensional Causal Model of Effective Factors on Open Innovation in Manufacturing SMEs in Iran

Open innovation makes the success of SMEs' performance in a dynamic environment. The present article conducted with the aim of identifying the most important effective factors on open innovation and reviewing the causal relationships among them. To study the most important factors, the data collected by questionnaires filled by 275 experts, and analysed by SPSS and PLS. Causal relationships among studied factors were identified by fuzzy DEMATEL technique, the data collected from 12 experts and analysed by MATLAB and EXCEL. According to the results, economic factors as a one of the casual factors is the most effective factors. However, employees factor is the most factor affected from the others. Just strategy of organisation has one step casual loop and effects on itself directly and it has the most interaction with others. Besides, ecological issues have no influence on the others.

How does mindfulness modulate daily stress response: evidences from ambulatory assessment

Objective: Mindfulness has been found to be associated with less adverse stress response. However, little is known about how mindfulness modulates stress response in the real daily life. The current study investigated the relation between daily stress and negative emotions, and explored a mediational link via perceived loss of control, and moderation by dispositional mindfulness, to better understand this association. Design: A total of 95 college students were recruited to complete a questionnaire and to report on their stress, perceived loss of control and negative emotions in daily life. Main Outcome Measures: Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) was used to assess dispositional mindfulness. Stress, perceived loss of control and negative emotions were assessed by ambulatory assessment. Results: Stress was positively related with negative emotions at within-person level. Perceived loss of control mediated the relationship between stress and negative emotions. Furthermore, participants with higher levels of dispositional mindfulness showed an attenuated association between stress and anger, and also attenuated associations between perceived loss of control, and anger and fatigue at within-person level. Conclusion: These findings point to perceived loss of control as an important key factor in daily stress effects. Dispositional mindfulness appears to have beneficial effects in that it attenuates the impact of daily stressors on individuals’ wellbeing. Clinical implications and limitations are discussed.

The effects of public subsidies on emerging industry: An agent-based model of the electric vehicle industry

Public subsidies are widely used as policy incentives to promote strategic industry development, especially in emerging industries that depend heavily on the use of new technologies. This study explores the differential effects of consumer subsidies and manufacturer subsidies on the development of new technology in the electric vehicle industry. An agent-based simulation model is constructed which fully considers the individual heterogeneity of consumers and manufacturers in decision-making, with the parameter settings derived from the data of the U.S. automobile market in 2010. Based on robustness tests, the findings suggest that consumer subsidy is more effective than manufacturer subsidy in promoting the popularity and technological breakthrough of electric vehicles. Subsidy intensity and duration are indicated to be important factors for policy effectiveness.

Computational DFT study on nickel symmetric bis(thiosemicarbazone) complexes: Electronic absorption and redox potentials

This work deals with the performance of density functional theory (DFT) for evaluating one-electron reduction potentials and UV–Vis spectra of nickel complexes containing symmetric bis(thiosemicarbazones). Nine DFT calculation methods in combination with the polarisable continuum solvation model (PCM) were applied to calculate one-electron redox potentials (Ecalc) of nickel complexes. The best predicted results were gained by B3PW91/6-311++G(2df,2p)//B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level of theory in DMF. The results revealed that the most important effective thermodynamic factor is the solvation factor. Although the contribution of the electron attachment (EA) energy is more than ΔΔsolvG° and ΔΔεgeom for NiL1, NiL2, NiL3, and NiL4, ΔΔsolvG° and ΔΔεgeom play important roles in redox potentials. The calculated reduction potentials reproduce the tendency in experimental data. The derived error was in the region of −0.342 to −0.051 V. Reduction potentials have correlation with the energy of the frontier molecular orbitals LUMO/HOMO. According to the Natural Population Analysis (NPA), the geometries of nickel complexes remain distorted square planar, after reduction.

Analysis of thermophysical characteristic of SiO2/water nanofluid and heat transfer enhancement with field synergy principle

Nanofluid is one of the most popular and promising heat-transfer fluids. SiO2/water nanofluid suspension stability and their thermophysical characteristics were investigated. Specifically, the suspension stability of the nanofluid was characterized using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano Instrument. The thermal conductivity of the nanofluid was studied at different temperatures and particle sizes. The results indicated that the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid with a mass fraction of 5% increased to 6.8% compared with the water based fluid. Meanwhile, the mean field synergy angle of the spiral microchannel radiator with different properties of the nanofluid was simulated based on different structure microchannel sizes to evaluate the heat transfer performance according to the velocity and the temperature field. The results indicated that the mean field synergy angle was proportional to the nanoparticle size while inversely to the mass fraction of the nanofluid, and their strengthening heat transfer effect was enhanced. The structure size of the microchannel was one of the important effect factors on the mean field synergy angle.