Important Economic Regions Research Articles

Thailand’s Kra Canal: economic feasibility and expert perspectives on its complexity

PurposeAsia is one of the most important economic regions of the world. The Kra Canal is considered as a potential maritime transportation node in global trade. Indeed, for centuries, a canal across the Kra isthmus in Thailand has been proposed as holding significant economic and logistical benefits through goods transfer and exchange, yet it remains unconstructed. Common tools in feasibility studies are PESTELE and SWOT analyses, which incorporate cost-benefit and value analyses. The purpose of this paper is to assess the feasibility of the Kra Canal using approaches to complement existing studies.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, we combine quantitative and qualitative methodologies to holistically assess the feasibility of the Kra Canal. Quantitatively, we consider the economic feasibility of the canal using Net Present Value to evaluate its potential financial benefits. Qualitatively, we then present expert perspectives gathered from in-depth interviews with field experts (n = 20) to identify key aspects of complexity related to the economic, political and overall feasibility of the canal.FindingsWe discuss the possibility of the canal’s construction and describe possible future impacts the canal could have on the region geopolitically, for example, in its role in China’s One Belt One Road initiative and also in how Singapore and Tanjung Pelapas in Malaysia might react. Ultimately, we find significant complexities with the Kra Canal project, ones which anyone contemplating its construction would, we argue, be wise to consider.Originality/valueThis paper combined qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the economic, political and overall feasibility of the Kra Canal. The methodologies and findings supplement past relevant studies and help evaluate the economic, political and overall feasibility of the Kra Canal’s investment project. This is particularly timely considering its potential ability as a route given recent geopolitical events and, for example, as part of China’s Belt and Road initiative and its ability to reduce carbon and sulphur emissions.

Detection of malignant neoplasms in the population of an industrialized region

Introduction. Malignant neoplasms are the leading cause of the death over the world, ranking second after diseases of the circulatory system. The purpose of the investigation — to study the primary detectability, prevalence, and mortality from malignant neoplasms in the population of the industrialized developed region, propose ways of their early detection to prolong labour longevity. Materials and methods. Using the analysis of retrospective statistical data from the Federal State Statistics Service and the Novokuznetsk Branch of the Kuzbass Clinical Oncological Dispensary named after M.S. Rappoport, from 2013 to 2022 the information on the incidence of oncological diseases in whole and in specific locaion was collected. Results. In recent years, the incidence of malignant neoplasms in Russia, the Siberian Federal District, and the Kemerovo Region, among others, has been at a high level and continues to grow. Among men, lung cancer, colorectal cancer and prostate cancer take first place, and the latter has been competing for 2nd place in the structure of oncological pathology since 2020. At the same time, the gain in oncological diseases prevalence falls in the employable age (45 years and older). In addition to the commonly accepted facts about the risk of developing oncological pathology, there are more than 100 factors of the production environment classified as carcinogenic ones. In this regard, Kuzbass, as one of the most important economic regions of Russia, in which the leading role belongs to the industrial complex for mining and processing of coal, iron ores, and various non-metallic raw materials for metallurgy and the construction industry, refers to the regions unfavourable for the development of malignant neoplasms. Limitations. The limitations of the study relate to the impossibility at present to estimate the number of patients with malignant neoplasms employed in harmful labor conditions. Conclusion. As a result of analyzing own data and numerous studies, we propose screening for the most common oncological diseases (lung, prostate, and colorectal cancer) at periodic medical examinations, which will allow identifying these diseases at early stages for timely successful treatment, thereby prolonging labour longevity.

Extended-Range Forecast of Winter Rainfall in the Yangtze River Delta Based on Intra-Seasonal Oscillation of Atmospheric Circulations

The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) is an important economic region in China. Heavy winter rainfall may pose serious threats to city operations. To ensure the safe operation of the city, meteorological departments need to provide forecast results for the Spring Festival travel rush weather service. Therefore, the extended-range forecast of winter rainfall is of considerable importance. To solve this problem, based on the analysis of low-frequency rainfall and the intra-seasonal oscillation of atmospheric circulation, an extended-range forecast model for winter rainfall is developed using spatiotemporal projection methods and is applied to a case study from 2020. The results show that: (1) The precipitation in the YRD during the winter has a significant intra-seasonal oscillation (ISO) with a periodicity of 10–30 d. (2) The atmospheric circulations associated with winter rainfall in the YRD have a significant characteristic of low-frequency oscillation. From a 30-day to a 0-day lead, large modifications appear in the low-frequency atmospheric circulations at low, mid, and high latitudes. At low latitudes, strong wet convective activity characterized by a negative OLR combined with a positive RH700 correlation coefficient moves northwestward and covers the entire YRD. Meanwhile, the Western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) characterized by a positive Z500 anomaly enhances and lifts northward. At mid and high latitudes, the signal of negatively correlated Z500 northwest of Lake Balkhash propagates southeastward, indicating the cold is air moving southward. Multiple circulation factors combine together and lead to the precipitation process in the YRD. (3) Taking the intra-seasonal dynamical evolution process of the atmospheric circulation as the prediction factor, the spatiotemporal method is used to build the model for winter mean extended-range precipitation anomaly tendency in the YRD. The hindcast for the recent 10 years shows that the ensemble model has a higher skill that can reach up to 20 days. In particular, the skill of the eastern part of the YRD can reach 25 days. (4) The rainfall in the 2019/2020 winter has a significant ISO. The ensemble model could forecast the most extreme precipitation for 20 days ahead.

Water turbidity dynamics using random forest in the Yangtze River Delta Region, China

Turbidity is a water quality indicator that is essential for the sustainable development of aquatic ecosystems and the protection of biodiversity. The turbidity of different water surfaces and its response mechanisms to regional climatic factors and human activities in the Yangtze River Delta Region (YRDR), an important rapid economic development region in China, remain poorly understood. To enhance the knowledge of turbidity variations and dominant drivers of YRDR water surfaces, a complete long-term turbidity series was obtained using Landsat images from 1990 to 2020. The results show that the turbidity trend differed from −1.3 NTU/yr to 0.7 NTU/yr in different water surfaces. Turbidity decreased significantly in the mainstream of the Yangtze River (MYR), aquaculture ponds (AP) and other water bodies, whilst increasing significantly in the medium lakes (ML) and mainstream of the Qiantang River (MQR). Meanwhile, no significant changes in turbidity were observed in the great lakes (GL) and small lakes (SL). Rather than climatic factors, urbanisation and decreasing wastewater discharge were the dominant drivers of turbidity trends during the study period. In addition, ecological engineering in AP increased water transparency. The Three Gorges Dam also decreased turbidity in MYR. Increasing turbidity in the downstream of MQR was driven by increasing seasonal water surfaces and reclamation projects near Hangzhou Bay. GL faced no significant increase in turbidity due to the offset of afforestation to urbanisation-induced turbidity increase. These findings provide important information for government decision-making for subsequent aquatic environmental protection and restoration in the YRDR.

Carbon constraints, industrial structure upgrading, and green total factor productivity: an empirical study based on the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Abstract Reducing carbon emissions, upgrading industrial structure, and promoting green total factor productivity are important ways to tackle global climate change. The Yangtze River Economic Belt is an important economic region and industrial corridor in China. Using the panel data of 11 provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2006 to 2020, this study calculates industrial green total factor productivity using the super-efficient SBM model, and analyzes its evolution trends in time and space. This study discusses how carbon constraints and industrial structure upgrading affect green total factor productivity by using benchmark regression and the intermediary effect model. The results show that green total factor productivity is fluctuating and rising over time, and is in a gradient decreasing spatial distribution from the Yangtze River Delta to Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches to Chengdu–Chongqing Economic Zone; carbon constraints, industrial structure upgrading, and their synergy have a positive effect on the industrial green total factor productivity; industrial structure upgrading has partial intermediary effects, and can help carbon constraints positively impact on industrial green development. Based on the above results, reducing carbon emission and accelerating industrial structure upgrading are important for achieving economic and ecological sustainability.

Foreign Trade Relations Between China and the Siberian Regions Through the Prism of Complementarity, Specialization and Sustainable Development

Russian-Chinese relations are characterized by the most solid foundation in the context of more than ten years of trade wars unleashed by Western countries, the most powerful pandemic in modern history and the current geopolitical aggravation that has actually changed the existing world order. Against this background, one of the key factors in the development of foreign economic cooperation between Russia and China is mutual commitment to the principles of equality, openness and inclusiveness. It is on this basis that the countries are expanding their interaction in the field of foreign trade, investment, and large-scale infrastructure projects. Russia and China regularly hold bilateral consultations related to the development of cooperation in various areas of the economy and business. On the one hand, these plans lay the foundation for building foreign economic cooperation with China at the regional level, on the other hand, their implementation sets a number of long-term and medium-term goals and objectives for the regions. Their substantive features and, in fact, roadmaps for them should be built taking into account the situation that is developing in the current relations between the Chinese side and the regions, in particular the regions of Siberia as a strategically important economic region. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the possibilities of expanding cooperation, which involves correlating export and import profiles within the framework of the Russian-Chinese partnership. This article presents the results of a study of foreign trade interaction between the regions of the Siberian Federal District and China, including the level of complementarity, specialization, sustainability of the trend and the speed of development of trade flows. The totality of the results obtained made it possible to form a map of the development of exports and imports of Siberian regions in the context of expanding cooperation with China.

A comparative study of green growth efficiency in Yangtze River Economic Belt and Yellow River Basin between 2010 and 2020

The Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Yellow River Basin are important economic regions and ecological barriers in China. Promoting the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and promoting ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin are major regional strategies implemented by the Chinese government, and the green growth of the two regions is important for the high-quality sustainable development of the whole China. To investigate the regional differences in green growth efficiency of the same type of geographical units, this paper measures the green growth efficiency and decomposition indicators of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Yellow River Basin from 2010 to 2020 using a three-stage DEA model and the Malmquist index method and establishes a panel Tobit model to identify the influencing factors of green growth efficiency. The results show that: ①After using the three-stage DEA model to remove the influence of external environment and stochastic factors, the mean values of green growth efficiency of Yangtze River Economic Zone and Yellow River Basin from 2010 to 2020 are 0.996 and 1.089, respectively. The change of green growth efficiency of Yangtze River Economic Zone is slightly higher than that of Yellow River Basin. ②The Malmquist indexes of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Yellow River Basin have generally increased, with the Technological Progress Index, which characterizes technological innovation, being the main endogenous driver of green growth efficiency in the Yellow River Basin, while the technical efficiency index, which characterizes factor mix and management level, is more significant in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. ③The Tobit model regression results show that the factors influencing green growth efficiency are also different in the two regions. Among them, the urbanization rate has a significantly positive effect on the two regions, while the effects of environmental regulation and research intensity are not significant. External openness has a suppressive effect on green growth efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, while the level of financial development and human capital negatively affect green growth efficiency in the Yellow River Basin. Therefore, green development in the new era should pay attention to the differences between different regions, and make appropriate development policies according to the local conditions of the development status of different regions.

Positive or negative coordination? Spatiotemporal coupling analysis between economic growth and carbon neutrality in the Yellow River Basin

The Chinese government has committed to achieving a carbon emission peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. The Yellow River Basin is an important economic region and ecological protection basin tying nine provinces in Eastern, Central, and Western China. The heterogeneity of economies, industrial structures, resource endowment, locations, social environments, and other aspects of the various regions in the Yellow River Basin make this region important for achieving the government’s carbon commitment. In this study, 54 cities in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin were chosen as research areas. A model that described the coupling coordination between the regions’ economic growth and carbon neutrality based on the GDP, carbon emission, and carbon sequestration data was presented. The spatial patterns and trends of economic growth, carbon neutrality and coupling coordination between the two for various regions of the Yellow River Basin from year 2001 to 2021 were analyzed empirically using exploratory spatial data analysis method. The results showed that, during the analyzed period, the economic growth of the Yellow River Basin transitioned from high-speed growth to low-speed, and the annual growth rate of carbon neutrality index slowed down gradually then increased slightly. The coupling coordination generally trended toward a better direction. In recent years, the coupling coordination in the lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin was better than that in the upper and middle reaches (mainly Inner Mongolia and some cities in Ningxia and Gansu province). The spatial heterogeneity will provide a theoretical basis for the overall planning of basin’s ecological priorities and low-carbon development, and is of great importance for achieving the goal of carbon neutrality.

Effect of Energy Utilization and Economic Growth on the Ecological Environment in the Yellow River Basin.

In the 21st century, problems relating to energy, economy, and the environment have become increasingly severe across the world, and critical issues around environmental pollution, ecological imbalance, and an energy crisis have emerged. The Yellow River basin is an important ecological barrier, economic region, and energy base in Northern China. Environmental pollution in the Yellow River basin has become increasingly problematic, especially since the reform and opening up of China, along with the rapid development of the industrial economy and mining for energy resources. In this study, 64 of the 73 prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River basin were selected as the research object, including 18 cities in the downstream region, 26 cities in the midstream region, and 20 cities in the upstream region. The data used in this study were from 2004 to 2019. On the basis of temporal variation and spatial differentiation of the three factors of economy, energy, and environment, the impulse response function and the generalized method of moments (GMM) were adopted to evaluate the effects of energy utilization and economic growth on the ecological environment. Their roles in affecting the ecological environment were analyzed along with the underlying mechanisms. Overall, energy utilization, economic growth, and ecological environment are in good condition, showing a steady upward trend. Regional differences still exist, but the gap is gradually narrowing. There are some differences in the impulse response of the ecological environment to the economic growth and energy utilization in the upstream, midstream, and downstream regions of the Yellow River basin. The effect is leveled out or weakened in the middle and later phases of the impact. Compared with the downstream and upstream regions, economic growth and energy utilization in the midstream regions have less impact on the ecological environment. The two factors of energy utilization potential and economic potential have significant positive impacts on the ecological environment. The current situation of energy utilization has to some extent a positive impact on the ecological environment. Economic scale has a certain negative impact on the ecological environment.

Testing the Efficient Market Hypothesis and the Model-Data Paradox of Chaos on Top Currencies from the Foreign Exchange Market (FOREX)

In this paper, we analyse two interesting applications related to the dynamics of economic phenomena linked to the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), informative surprises, and the Model-Data Paradox of Chaos in certain top currency pairs from the foreign exchange market (FOREX). On the one hand, we empirically show that the FOREX market reacts under the Efficient Market Hypothesis in some cases, creating a significant variation in a short period of time (15, 30, and 60 min) in the quotes of the main currencies from the most important economic regions in the West (the United States, Europe, and the United Kingdom). This variation would depend on the actual deviation of high-impact macroeconomic news reported by these markets in relation to trade balance, unemployment rate, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), retail sales, the Industrial Production Index (IPI), and the Consumer Price Index (CPI). On the other hand, by testing the Model-Data Paradox of Chaos, we empirically verify that if we consider all the information available in the financial markets of currencies (or at least, more desegregated data) instead of daily data, and we apply a robust chaotic behaviour detection method, we can find differences in relation to the detection of chaos on the same series but with different temporal frequencies. This allows us to confirm that behind these financial time series which show an apparently random irregular evolution, there would be a generating system which, although unknown in principle, would be deterministic (and nonlinear), and we could take advantage of that deterministic character to make predictions, even if only in the short term, understanding “short term” as the time it takes for the market to incorporate these informative surprises in the FOREX market analysed.

The role of internet development on green total-factor productivity—An empirical analysis based on 109 cities in Yangtze River economic belt

As one of the most important economic regions in China, the improvement of green total-factor productivity (GTFP) in Yangtze River economic belt has vital significance for economic transformation in China. Using 109 cities’ panel data from 2004 to 2018, slacks-based global data envelopment analysis was first applied to construct GTFP. On the basis, dynamic GMM and mediation effect models were used to investigate the role of internet development on GTFP. The empirical results illustrated that GTFP lacked endogenous driving force. However, internet development not only has significant direct positive effect on GTFP, but also indirectly promotes GTFP through technology innovation and industrial structure upgrade. And the mediation variables also have two-way positive impacts on internet development. After accounting robustness test, the empirical conclusions were still valid. Based on the analysis, our study provided scientific and reasonable policies to improve GTFP in Yangtze River economic belt.

Characteristic of Lang Son Karst Poljes in Vietnam and Geohazards

In the karst regions of Vietnam, there are many different terrains. The most important one is karst polje. Because there are a lot of residential areas and important economic regions. Based on the study of Geomorphology, geological structure analysis, Geophysics document analysis, and karstification process research at Lang Son karst polje. The author gives conclusions: Lang Son karst polje was formed from the limestone of Bac Son Formation, 700 – 800 m thick. Lang Son karst polje was formed from anticline structure, the limestone of Bac Son Formation that has high karstification level. Lang Son karst polje has only one karst aquifer which is a water supply source for residential areas in Lang Son city. This karst aquifer distributes in limestone blocks of the Bac Son Formation. Geohazards on Lang Son karst polje include collapse, sinkhole, flood, and pollution of water. Among them, the most dangerous one is the collapse of the underground karst caves.

The socio-economic impacts of energy policy reform through the lens of the power sector – Does cross-sectional dependence matter?

The reform of the power sector is one of the widely pursued energy policy in developing economies with core objectives around improving socio-economic outcomes. The empirical evidence, however, has not quantified the reform impacts separating the effects of common factors such as drivers of reforms among reforming countries. This is the first study in the reform literature to investigate the socio-economic impacts of power sector reforms accounting for cross-sectional dependence. We focus on the 18 non-OECD Asian economies, which includes member countries of important economic regions of the ASEAN and the SAARC for the period 1990–2018. The findings of our study suggests that power sector reforms have generated positive economic impacts and social welfare such as human development and income inequality. Electricity reforms have also contributed to reducing network energy losses and operational efficiency improvements. Our results are robust to alternative model specifications that consider interaction effects among power sector reforms. We conclude that power sector reform has been an enabler to achieve interrelated sustainable development goals such as achieving economic growth and reducing income inequality in developing economies.

The Impact of Population Ageing on Rural Revitalization- Evidence from China's Yangtze River Economic Belt

The Yangtze River Economic Belt is an important demographic and economic region in China, and an empirical study of this region can provide a good understanding of the actual situation in China. This paper uses the panel data of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2011 to 2020 and establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system for rural revitalization. Drawing conclusions after empirical research using the entropy value method and panel Tobit model: (1) During the decade from 2011 to 2020, the level of rural revitalization in all 11 provinces and cities of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has been improving, and the growth rates are not significantly different. (2) In general, population Ageing has promoted the development of rural revitalization in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. (3) The regions' empirical results show that the population Ageing's promoting effect on rural revitalization is only produced in downstream Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai while inhibiting the effect on the middle and upstream regions.

Qatar's policy and experience in mediation and dispute settlement

Beginning in 1995, Qatar underwent a major transformation in its foreign policy, adopting an independent and neutral foreign policy as a result of being located in an important vital, geopolitical and economic region, with tensions between the influential regional powers. Given the importance of mediation in resolving disputes and bringing peace to a region raging in conflict, Qatar adopted a foreign policy approach of dialogue, good offices, mediation, and preventive diplomacy, and worked to settle disputes and crises peacefully, remaining impartial and independent, in accordance with the provisions of international law and the Charter of the United Nations. This study explores Qatar policy and experience in mediation and dispute settlement and highlights its active role and contribution over the past twenty years, by clarifying the features of its foreign policy, strategy, and principles, and highlighting case studies of previous Qatari mediation.

Evaluation of Urban Images: The Case of Adana

The image is a formation of momentary perceptions, past experiences, and memories. From this point of view, the perception of images is not merely visual; it has sociology and history that it represents. In this context, the city of Adana, which has a multicultural history of 8000 years, hosts a wide variety of elements in terms of architectural imagery depending on its historical background, industrialization, and development process. In the study, the historical and new architectural images on the banks of the Seyhan River, which is an important historical, economic and sociological region of the city, were examined with an aim to question how the images related to Adana were interpreted by the public. In line with this objective, the data obtained from photo archives, survey techniques, and the results of statistical analysis performed using the SPSS software package were analyzed together to question the architectural image components. Within this framework, conducted with 60 individuals, the followings were questioned and answers were sought for the city users: - Primary images of the city, - The reasons that have created the images, in other words, the values that have been effective in transforming these buildings into images, - The reasons for the differentiation of the selected historical and new images in their imagery values. The results of the statistical analyses revealed that the urban element/building that has not been utilized actively could not establish the relationship of belonging with urbanites, therefore, the building's imaginative effect has been weakened, and particularly the historical buildings have been the most influential factors that make up the imaginative value due to their traces in urban memory. Therefore, the present study and similar studies on retaining urbanites' relationship with the residential areas are considered valuable in terms of both shedding light on future studies and using them as data in the practices.

Holocene Environmental Archaeology of the Yangtze River Valley in China: A Review

The Yangtze River Valley is an important economic region and one of the cradles of human civilization. It is also the site of frequent floods, droughts, and other natural disasters. Conducting Holocene environmental archaeology research in this region is of great importance when studying the evolution of the relationship between humans and the environment and the interactive effects humans had on the environment from 10.0 to 3.0 ka BP, for which no written records exist. This review provides a comprehensive summary of materials that have been published over the past several decades concerning Holocene environmental archaeology in the Yangtze River Valley, to further understand large-scale regional Holocene environmental and cultural interaction within this area. The results show that: (1) in recent years, Holocene envi-ronmental archaeology research in the Yangtze River Valley has primarily taken paleoflood and sea-level change stratigraphical events to be the foundational threads for study. This began with research on the spatiotemporal distribution of archaeological sites, typical archaeological site stratigraphy, and research on background features concerning environmental evolution recorded by the regional natural sedimentary strata. (2) Significant progress has been made at the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, indicating that Holocene environmental ar-chaeology research along the Yangtze River Valley is deepening and broadening. (3) Dramatic changes to Neolithic cultures that occurred approximately 4.0 ka BP were influenced by climate change and associated consequences, although the impacts differed on the various Neolithic cultures in the Yangtze River Valley. Local topography, regional climate, and varying survival strategies may have contributed to these differences. (4) Newly-published research pays particular attention to the sedimentary records of the past with resolutions as high as one year to several months, the degree to which humans altered the quality of their natural environment, and human adjustments to settlement and subsistence practices during periods of Holocene climate change. The application of technologies such as remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), and molecular biological analysis are also gradually being extended into the research field of Holocene environmental archaeology in the Yangtze River Valley.

The Impact of FDI on the Economic Growth of the Yangtze River Economic Belt: An Empirical Study Based on VAR Model

FDI is very important to the economic development of a region. The Yangtze River economic belt is one of the important economic core regions in China. In order to study the impact of global foreign direct investment on the economic growth of the Yangtze River economic belt, this paper uses VAR model to analyze the dynamic relationship between FDI and GDP in the Yangtze River economic belt. The results show that FDI has a positive impact on the growth of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in the short term, but not in the long term. At the same time, the economic development of the Yangtze River economic belt has a positive impact on FDI.

Development of the Diatom Ecological Quality Index (DEQI) for peri-urban mountain streams in the Basin of Mexico.

In the Basin of Mexico, one of the most important economic regions in the country with over 22 million inhabitants, peri-urban streams have been transformed into sewers, drains, and pipes to avoid flooding or unsanitary conditions; the change affects not only the ecosystem's goods and services but also the aquatic communities that support the natural ecological processes. We aimed to develop a diatom-based diagnosis of the ecological quality of these aquatic ecosystems through the study of epilithic diatom response to regional environmental gradients. Samples of epilithic diatoms and water were collected in 45 sites representing 12 perennial streams, and multivariate analyses were performed on environmental and biological data. The ecological quality gradient to which diatoms responded was related to oxygen saturation, soluble reactive phosphorous, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, and hydromorphological quality. Three species groups were recognized according to their ecological preferences along CCA1 axis, indicators of high and low ecological quality, and tolerant species. By assigning an indicator value to each species group, we calculated the DEQI using the formula adapted from Pantle and Buck, indicating five different ecological quality classes. This index is proposed for complementing the ecological quality evaluation as a biological metric that responds to multiple regional stressors of the structure and function of these peri-urban streams in the Basin of Mexico.

Влияние неорганических удобрений на структурные показатели урожайности озимой ржи

The article presents the results of research on the effect of inorganic fertilizers on the structural indicators of winter rye crop yield in the western zone of Azerbaijan. The western region is one of the most important economic regions of Azerbaijan in terms of the sustainable development of the agricultural sector. To obtain a high and high-quality winter rye grain yield and restore of soil fertility on irrigated chestnut soils of the Ganja-Gazakh zone, it is recommended that farms use inorganic fertilizers annually at the N90P60K60.