Importance Of Various Forms Research Articles

Configuring an MNE’s subsidiary capabilities for performance in China

Purpose This study aims to explore how subsidiary capabilities collectively configure for performance. Additionally, it seeks to examine whether these configurations of capabilities can provide equifinal solutions through developing a comprehensive research framework that focuses on subsidiaries in China. Design/methodology/approach With a data set collected through a questionnaire from 172 Korean multinational enterprises (MNEs) in China, this study used a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to detect the capability conditions and configurations. These configurations represent combinations of various subsidiary capabilities linked to high performance. Findings This study identified several complex pathways with distinct configurations for high subsidiary performance. The findings demonstrate the importance of configurations over individual conditions. Thus, the results highlight that the effectiveness of diverse capabilities, which are widely believed to singularly contribute to the high performance of MNE subsidiaries, depends on how each combines with other capabilities. Overall, the findings provide a richer and fine-grained understanding of the role and relative importance of various forms of MNE subsidiary capabilities and how the joint effect of these subsidiaries contributes to high performance. Practical implications This study suggests that MNE managers should comprehensively understand how subsidiary capabilities are configured to produce subsidiary performance outcomes. This specifically illustrates the importance of understanding the mutually conflicting yet collectively exhaustive results of multi-selective solutions and aims to align with China’s industrial and regional heterogeneity. Originality/value By examining the role of MNE subsidiary capability configurations, which may collectively influence the subsidiary’s performance, this study contributes to the literature. It elucidates how MNE subsidiaries may achieve superior performance by developing and possessing various capabilities tailored to the local context.

Studying the Dynamics of Tunneling Tubes and Cellular Spheres.

Cancer cytogenetic analyses often involve cell culture. However, many cytogeneticists overlook interesting phenotypes associated with cultured cells. Given that cytogeneticists need to focus more on phenotypes to comprehend the genotypes, the biological significance of seemingly trivial cellular variations deserves attention. One example is the formation of cellular tunneling tubes (TTs) in cultured cancer cells, which likely play a role in cell-to-cell communication and material transport. In this chapter, we describe protocols for studying these TTs as well as cellular spheres. In addition to diverse chromosomal variants, these different types of variations should be considered for understanding cancer heterogeneity and dynamics, as they illustrate the importance of various forms of fuzzy inheritance.

General physical fitness of powerlifters as a basis for effective strength development

The article, based on the analysis and synthesis of data from the source base and practical experience, identifies the main features of the general physical fitness of powerlifting athletes as the basis for effective strength development. The attention is focused on the issues related to the individualization of the training process and the management of the physical condition of athletes, the importance of various forms of manifestation of strength abilities. It is emphasized that the growth of sports achievements i s primarily due to the improvement of the methodology of strength development. It is noted that the level of strength development in powerlifters is one of the most urgent problems of the educational and training process in this sport, and the solution of this problem will significantly increase the effectiveness of sports training in powerlifting.
 The most important physical quality to develop in the process of general physical training of powerlifters is strength. In general, "strength" is defined as the ability to overcome external resistance or to counteract it with the help of muscle effort. The following specific forms of strength are distinguished by the nature of the effort and the mode of muscle function: fast strength, maximum strength, power endurance, and explosive strength.
 Muscular effort in the conditions of the training process of powerlifters can manifest itself in different ways: once or repeatedly, in cyclic or variable work with high or low resistance, at high speed or slowly, in a relaxed or tense state of muscles. An important physical quality that needs to be developed in the process of general physical training of powerlifters is endurance. Endurance is usually equated with the powerlifter's ability to perform muscle work (squats with a barbell, bench press, deadlift) for a long time during competitions without signs of significant fatigue.

Effect of Modified Breathing Exercise to Improve Abdominal Strength in Caesarean Section Women

Background: The present National Policy for Health Promotion places a strong emphasis on raising public awareness of the importance of various forms of health and exercise. The women musculoskeletal system is impacted by several physiological events that take place during pregnancy. The inter-recti distance (IRD) typically increases and the abdominal muscles are stretched greatly which weakens the abdominal muscles. One of the lives saving procedures used on women most frequently today is a caesarean section (CS) for delivery. Objective: To evaluate the effect of modified Breathing Exercise and Abdominal Draw-in Maneuver to improve Abdominal strength in Post CS Women. Methods: A single blinded pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted on CS women. Post CS women were divided into 2 groups, that is group ADM (Abdominal Draw-in Maneuver) and group CBE (Corset Breathing Exercise) based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The outcomes used in the study were pressure biofeedback unit and Abdominal curl test. Group ADM are treated with Abdominal Draw-in Maneuver and group CBE treated with Corset Breathing Exercise. Result: The result of the study showed that there was a significant difference between the groups. Statistical analysis of posttest vales of pressure biofeedback unit and Abdominal curl test revealed that post CS women who received Corset Breathing Exercise in group CBE showed marked improved compared to group ADM, the p value for both the outcomes are less than 0.001(P< 0.001). Conclusion: This study concluded that both groups ADM and CBE resulted in positive outcomes but group CBE with Corset Breathing Exercise showed more positive outcome in improving abdominal muscle strength.

Роль социально-экономических факторов в становлении российской государственности в IX–XVI веках

The article is devoted to the analysis of the influence of various economic aspects of the development of Russian statehood in the IX – XVI centuries. The authors consider the most important sectors of the Russian economy in the pre-Roman period, such as agriculture, crafts and trade. They also show the role of trade in the formation of regional markets and their integration into a single national market. The article discloses the significance of trade routes and partners, the structure of exports and imports, the functions of the state in regulating foreign economic relations. A separate part of the article is a chronological analysis of the dynamics of trade development. The following stages are distinguished: 1) IX - XI: the emergence and flourishing of Old Russian trade, 2) the middle of the XII - XIII centuries: a recession in trade against the backdrop of feudal fragmentation, the beginning of the flourishing of foreign trade in Novgorod, 3) XIII - XIV centuries: the destruction of trade relations in the southern and northeastern principalities, the flourishing of Novgorod trade, merchants, 4) the end of the XIV and the first half of the XVI century: the rise of Moscow merchants, positive dynamics in the development of trade, the development of new trade routes, access to new ports, the development of foreign trade with European countries, 5) the second half of the XVI - early XVII centuries: the crisis of trade and economic relations, the decline of agriculture, the decline in imports and exports. The article provides a rationale for the fact that trade played an important role in the spatial development of the state, as it contributed to the formation of cities, the resettlement of people and the integration of various segments of the population. Trade routes (‘from Varangians to Greeks’, Volga, Danube) penetrated the territory of the East European Plain, inhabited by tribal unions of the Slavs. Trade and defensive posts were formed along the banks of the rivers, which developed into large centers of trade, crafts, agriculture, military power, which formed the basis of the power of local princes and leaders. As a result, cities acquired not only trade and economic, but also administrative and strategic importance. The economic dependence of the tribes on cities, which were markets for agricultural products, handicrafts, precious metals, as well as the need to ensure security, became prerequisites for the formation and development of Russian statehood. The article shows the origin of the system of law in Rus’, the regulation of trade and economic relations, as well as the importance of various forms of management and cooperation (merchant guilds), which contributed to the unification of the Russian state. One guild could unite merchants from different cities, which facilitated and accelerated the process of annexing territories. Thus, unity was ensured not only by military force, but also by economic integration. Since the peasantry was the main element in the system of division of labor, the production of goods for foreign trade and material goods for domestic consumption, it can be considered a key factor influencing the development of trade and the main resource for the development of the economy. The historical transformation of the peasantry is closely correlated with the dynamics of the development of trade, so we can talk about the relationship of these elements.

THE EFFECT OF INDEPENDENT ACTIVITIES WITH PHYSICAL EXERCISES ON THE PHYSICAL FITNESS OF STUDENTS OF NTU "KhPI" IN THE CONDITIONS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

The article examines the introduction of independent physical exercises into the lifestyle of students and the expediency of their implementation in the conditions of distance learning. The importance of various forms of independent classes during the period of study at the educational institution and their positive impact on the physical fitness of students is revealed. The obtained conclusions can be successfully used to improve the educational process. Physical education at NTU "KhPI" is considered as a means of social formation of a future specialist, as a process of active improvement of individual, personal and professional qualities of students, their physical self-improvement.

Reading the Universe of Signs Well: Prospects for Partnering Theosemiotic with a Christian Semiotic Theology

Reading the Universe of Signs <i>Well</i>: Prospects for Partnering Theosemiotic with a Christian Semiotic Theology

On the Emergence of Phonological Knowledge and on Motor Planning and Motor Programming in a Developmental Model of Speech Production.

A broad sketch for a model of speech production is outlined which describes developmental aspects of its cognitive-linguistic and sensorimotor components. A description of the emergence of phonological knowledge is a central point in our model sketch. It will be shown that the phonological form level emerges during speech acquisition and becomes an important representation at the interface between cognitive-linguistic and sensorimotor processes. Motor planning as well as motor programming are defined as separate processes in our model sketch and it will be shown that both processes revert to the phonological information. Two computational simulation experiments based on quantitative implementations (simulation models) are undertaken to show proof of principle of key ideas of the model sketch: (i) the emergence of phonological information over developmental stages, (ii) the adaptation process for generating new motor programs, and (iii) the importance of various forms of phonological representation in that process. Based on the ideas developed within our sketch of a production model and its quantitative spell-out within the simulation models, motor planning can be defined here as the process of identifying a succession of executable chunks from a currently activated phoneme sequence and of coding them as raw gesture scores. Motor programming can be defined as the process of building up the complete set of motor commands by specifying all gestures in detail (fully specified gesture score including temporal relations). This full specification of gesture scores is achieved in our model by adapting motor information from phonologically similar syllables (adapting approach) or by assembling motor programs from sub-syllabic units (assembling approach).

APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL OF FUTURE EDUCATORS OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Introduction – the development of the culture of self-expression as an important part of professional and personal formation of PEI future educators. Purpose. Substantiation of theoretical and methodical bases and design of optimization model for a process of the self-expression culture development for PEI future educators in artistic activity. Methods: – theoretical: scientific analysis of philosophical, psychological, pedagogical and art literature, as well as dissertational works on the problem of current research; comparison, systematization, generalization of theoretical material in order to determine the research approach to solving the problem under study; modeling of the content and structure of culture of self-expression of future educators of preschool education institutions; – empirical: diagnostic (conversations, questionnaires, interviewing, testing, performing creative tasks, modeling of pedagogical and problematic situations, methods of psychological and pedagogical diagnostics); observation (psychological and pedagogical observation, analysis of art products); pedagogical experiment for the implementation of pedagogical diagnostics and evaluation of the effectiveness of the optimized system for the process of development of self-expression culture of PEI future educators in artistic activity; – statistical: methods of mathematical statistics (Pearson's chi-quadred test) for processing the data of pedagogical experiment, analysis and likehood verification of the obtained results, the effectiveness of the proposed system and the effectiveness of organizational and pedagogical conditions and methods. Results. The study developed and substantiated theoretical and methodical bases of PEI future educators’ selfexpression development of culture in artistic activity (unity of methodological, theoretical and methodological concepts). The unity of systemic, active, personally oriented, axiological, cultural and competent approaches is provided in the organization of artistic activity. The organizational and pedagogical conditions for the development of the culture of self-expression of future preschool educational institutions educators in artistic activity are distinguished and substantiated: the development of a positive “I-concept”, value self-attitude; enrichment of filling with positive content of interpersonal interaction in the system “teacher – student – student”, stimulation of positive motivation for expression in artistic activity; modeling of the content of art education on the basis of an integrated approach, harmonious combination of individual and collective forms of its organization, application of tasks of reproducing and creative nature; ensuring in teaching disciplines of professional training of artistic and aesthetic orientation of the balance between creative, productive, value-semantic and spiritual components; the forms of methods and techniques of effective development of the culture of self-expression of PEI future educators in artistic activity are defined. The structure of the investigated phenomenon (cognitive, emotional and valuable, behavioral components) and the content of the process of preparation of future PEI educators for self-expression in artistic activity aimed at actualization of independence as part of professional activity and activation of personal culture are revealed. Criteria, indicators and types of culture of self-expression were worked out: spiritually oriented, personal, subjective, basic and destructive. Provisions on the culture of self-expression as a personal integral were further developed and concretized; the impact of integrating different types of art on the actualization of individual and personal potential; the importance of various forms of organization of artistic activity for the development of the culture of self-expression of future educators of preschool educational institutions. The obtained results of the experimental research testify to the effectiveness of the developed author's concept and system of development of the culture of self-expression of future educators of PEI in artistic activity. Originality. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in determination the methodological, theoretical and methodological foundations of the development of self-expression culture of PEI future educators in artistic activity. Conclusion. Based on the results of the analysis of philosophical, psychological, pedagogical and cultural literature and current legislation in the field of modern education, the relevance of the problem under study has been substantiated, as well as it’s definition and semantic concepts have been developed. It is established that the development of a self-expression culture of PEI future educators is an important part of their professional training. “The culture of self -expression of future PEI educators in artistic activity” is qualified as an integrative personal characteristic, subjective activity, which is manifested in actions independent of external influences; the ability to organize, perform, change, control, regulate and adjust independent activity, present abilities and achievements, identify creativity, adhere to cultural norms.

Innovations in the dimension of communication in health sector and the perspective of Society 5.0

Purpose: The aim of the article is to present the perceptions of ICT in times of the development of Society 5.0 in the awareness of beneficiaries of the healthcare system, and outlining the prospects of applying these solutions in the health sector. Design/methodology/approach: The research was conducted in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. The questionnaire was used to survey people using primary healthcare services. Findings: The respondents identified the importance of various forms of using ICT by primary healthcare entities, specifying their preferred information communication channel. The greatest number of indications, nearly 92% of the respondents, chose a direct contact with the doctor as important or very important. Originality/value: The health sector in Poland, as well as in other countries of the EU, has been the subject of constant changes though they are not clearly visible for the general public. Technological progress and the related innovations in the field of communication are an opportunity to improve the information flow between the doctor and patient. Moreover, they facilitate gaining knowledge and thus constitute an important dimension in the process of learning in the perspective of Society 5.0 development. New ICT channels may be an important method for the health sector to find ways of reducing the costs of patient service.

АУТСОРСИНГ ЯК СУЧАСНИЙ ІНСТРУМЕНТАРІЙ ЕФЕКТИВНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ СИСТЕМ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of theoretical and methodological principles, scientific and practical approach to the use of outsourcing in national economic systems in the implementation of modern unstable, risky economic relations. The productive use of outsourcing is an organic component of the global process of intellectual production capital, which is realized mainly through international cooperation in the context of internationalization of production and exchange. These interconnected economic processes in the modern world unfold in a globalized market environment and are characterized by increased importance of various forms of division of labor, the growth of economic and organizational-economic interdependence of economic systems of different countries and international economic organizations. Internationalization, openness of economies determine social progress for all countries through the manifestation of the implementation of outsourcing services in global business relations. The object of research is to find out the advantages and potential of outsourcing on the basis of long­term experience of foreign countries in Ukraine. Research methods - scientific abstraction, statistical, analytical, logical-dialectical, empirical research. Analysis and comparison of a significant number of works on scientific substantiation and practical experience of using international outsourcing in the context of globalization by business companies to address topical issues of its implementation in the global market environment based on a number of positive and negative factors, incompletely received a competent assessment. The set of interpretations of outsourcing as a modern cooperative form of business relations in joint ventures is studied, the key determinants of intensification of outsourcing relations are clarified, the tendencies of their realization as a result of globalization processes are analyzed. A number of organizational and economic processes, models that can positively affect the quality of dynamic development of outsourcing are identified. There are also clarifications and a number of advantages of promoting the practice of its use. The peculiarities of the use of outsourcing services in the production process using the latest technologies through electronic information resources, the provision of services of various levels in developed market economies, as well as the problems of using outsourcing in the domestic economy. A number of proposals for the objective feasibility of implementing this type of cooperation to ensure high rates of activity of domestic business companies of various forms of ownership, production and services. KEY WORDS: ECONOMIC SYSTEMS, OUTSOURCING, GLOBALIZATION, INTERNATIONAL MARKET, BUSINESS COMPANIES

Gnoseology of the Kyiv Philosophical School: the Establishment and Approval of the Worldview-Rationalist Paradigm of Scientific Knowledge

The study is devoted to the analysis of the origins, essence, scholarly, and cultural significance of the phenomenon of the Kyiv philosophical school. In the late 1950s – during the 1960s, Ukraine formed relatively favorable conditions for the development of the original direction of the philosophical research studying the logic of scientific knowledge, which resulted in the formulation of a worldview-rationalist concept of constructing scientific theories and obtaining reliable verified knowledge. Considering the impact of this school’s achievements on educational and research practice, we can talk about the paradigmatic status of this generalization due to its acquisition of a strong sociocultural sounding. Thus, Ukrainian science has received logical and methodological guidelines for the stages and processes of scientific research, the importance of various forms of knowledge organization, including ideas, problems, hypotheses, concepts, theories, and, ultimately, systematic knowledge about a particular object in the form of the normative science. The Kyiv philosophical school’s achievements significantly contributed to the formation of the style of scholarly thinking, refuting the incapability of the methodology of science declared by the official Marxist philosophy with its dogmatic regulators of the learning process as a party affiliation principle. The main centers for producing the worldview-rationalist philosophical ideas were Taras Shevchenko State University of Kyiv and the Institute of Philosophy of the UkrSSR Academy of Sciences. Its most famous representatives were P. Kopnin, V. Shynkaruk, M. Popovych, S. Krymskyi, and I. Bychko.

Hearing and Believing: Listening Experiences as Religious Experiences in Nineteenth-Century British Methodism

This article uses Jeff Astley's concept of ordinary theology (Jeff Astley, Ordinary Theology: Looking, Listening and Learning in Theology (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2002)) to examine and interpret listening experiences from nineteenth-century Methodist sources. It argues that the participatory experiences of singing together with fellow believers were crucial to the development and sustenance of personal faith, and that believers shared accounts of such experiences in ways that they knew would be understood by their readers as indicative of the depth and sincerity of their spirituality. It further contends that the widely recognized importance of hymnody in Methodism demands attention to its practice as well its content, and that while the lyrics of hymns set out Methodist theology and doctrine, the participative experience of communal singing was itself invested with meaning and value by many lay Methodists. Ordinary theology provides a framework through which common features of these accounts are identified and discussed, emphasizing the importance of various forms of life writing in understanding the ways in which religious practice shaped the lives and interactions of individual believers. The article also explores differences between different types of published and unpublished life writing. While examples are drawn from different branches of nineteenth-century Methodism, it is argued that hymnody's potential for creating spiritually intense experiences was commonly recognized and affirmed across them. This article contributes to the wider discussion of the significance of listening experiences by emphasizing music's vital role in the construction and communication of meaning between individuals on matters of deeply personal value.

The effect of colonial legacies on Africa’s inward FDI: the case of UK FDI in Ghana

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the role colonial ties play in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) to Ghana, several years after the official end of colonisation in the African continent. Colonisation left behind legacies of institutional framework, social ties and remnants of companies of colonial masters, which could potentially offer contemporary businesses from home countries the benefits of country of origin agglomeration.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses sequential explanatory mixed research design through 101 questionnaires and 8 interviews from the UK companies with FDI in Ghana. This approached enabled the initial quantitative results to be explored further through the qualitative data.FindingsColonial ties have limited influence on contemporary flow of FDI to Ghana, in spite of the institutional legacies between former colonisers and colonies. Majority of UK companies are influenced by agglomeration opportunities in general rather than country of origin agglomeration. However, country of origin agglomeration remains important to over a third of the companies surveyed.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample was taken from the non-extractive industry in Ghana, and caution must be applied in generalising the findings. However, some universal issues concerning agglomeration and institutions are discussed.Originality/valueAlthough there has been some research on colonial history and its impact on FDI in Africa, existing knowledge on bilateral relations is rather limited. Unlike previous studies, this research provides depth by examining colonial influence on FDI between two countries, using two key concepts: country of origin agglomeration and institutions. It provides UK companies with contemporary views to consider when exploring FDI opportunities in Ghana, particularly in relation to the effects of the colonial history. It also provides investment promotion agencies with empirical results on the importance of various forms of agglomeration and institutions for FDI attraction.

ВИДИ І ФОРМИ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ВИХОВАТЕЛЯ ЗАКЛАДУ ДОШКІЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТИ В ПРОЦЕСІ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ КВАЛІФІКАЦІЇ

The article is devoted to the practical aspects of forming the professional readiness of preschool teachers for life-long professional development. It is shown that the professional development of practicing teacher can be embodied in certain forms, in particular: specialized on-the-job training; coaching and / or advisory interactions with the professional oriented communities sharing the experience or peer training groups. In the article it is stated that pedagogical trainings are the effective form of methodological work in the preschool education establishment, the main purpose of which is the formation of readiness of teachers for professional development during life. The advantages and difficulties in conducting trainings are outlined. It is pointed out that the success of the training depends crucially on the so-called «group effect». The authors provide a description of the content characteristics and practical importance of various forms of methodological work in pre-school educational establishment, in particular: trainings, certified courses (innovative form of professional growth of teachers), business games (form and method of active teacher training), exercises (a method of teaching that involves purposeful learning), repeated repetition of certain actions or operations for the purpose of formation of skills), methodical associations (structural unit of the methodical service of the educational establishment providing the educational training, methodical research and experimental work), training (acquisition by a person experiences the tasks and responsibilities of a specialty) and others. Examples of trainings, business games and exercises, directions for methodological associations, workshops, and internship topics are provided with a clear description of their goals and objectives. It is shown that the professional growth of a preschool teacher depends on a set of different factors, including the level of motivational readiness generated and the selection of interactive forms and methods of methodical work that are appropriate to use in working with preschool teachers.

Transcending the Ethical Dilemma of Christian Humanitarianism: American Medical Missionaries at a Hospital in Rural Zambia

ABSTRACT After arriving to volunteer at a rural hospital in Zambia, many short-term American missionaries began to doubt whether the Christian character of their work was recognisable to Zambian patients and health professionals. In this article, I argue that these missionary doubts were a result of what Webb Keane has recently called ‘the ethical dilemma of humanitarianism’, a term he uses to describe the lack of mutual ethical recognition in humanitarian encounters. After showing how missionaries experienced and articulated a distinctively Christian version of this ‘dilemma’, I demonstrate how they were able to transcend it by identifying other people who could properly recognise the Christian character of their work: namely, their families, friends and church members back ‘at home’ in the United States. In conclusion, I suggest that more attention should be paid to the political importance of various forms of domestic ethical recognition in sustaining humanitarianism in practice.

ОСНОВНЫЕ ЭТАПЫ КОНЦЕПЦИИ ПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬСКОЙ КООПЕРАЦИИ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ЕЁ ПОТЕНЦИАЛА

The relevance and novelty of the topic is justified by the increasing importance of various forms and types of cooperative entrepreneurship and the organization of agricultural products in rural households and other small farms in the modern period. The purpose of the work is to identify the role and usefulness of consumer cooperation in the formation of food resources of the country. Statistical data on the activities of societies and unions of the Central Union of Russia were used to highlight the problems of this topic, various methods of economic research were used. As a result of generalizations the conclusions emphasizing the role of cooperative entrepreneurship, milestones of expansion of application and use of advantages of consumer cooperation in economy of Russia are edited.

A prison audience: women prisoners, Shakespeare and spectatorship

ABSTRACTIn 2017 the Donmar Warehouse presented The Tempest to women prisoners at HMP New Hall, UK. The production was part of a trilogy of Shakespeare plays directed by Phyllida Lloyd, each staged with an all-female cast and each set within a women’s prison. Over the five years of developing this trilogy the Donmar undertook extensive research and development into the prison context, including in collaboration with York St John University’s Prison Partnership Project. This paper explores the prison audiences’ experiences of The Tempest, examining how they responded to seeing their own lived experiences on stage, filtered through the prism of Shakespearian plot, characterisation and language. In particular, this paper focuses on moments of identification, where the women found direct resonance and self-recognition with the characters and experiences in The Tempest. At the same time it draws on discourses from dramatherapy and aesthetic theory to argue for the importance of various forms of emotional, empathetic and psychical distance. Using close analysis of the spectators’ responses, it describes how for the prison audience the result was an oscillation between identification and distance, a reading of “me but more than me” that produced a powerful affective and reflective impact.

Forme i funkcije komunikacije kod učenika s poremećajem iz spektra autizma

Despite the fact that limitations in the use of gestures may persist throughout the life of people with autism spectrum disorder, by reviewing the available literature, we have gained the impression that this issue has been insufficiently researched when it comes to school-age children. Therefore, in this study we set a dual objective. First, we wanted to examine the representation and importance of various forms and functions of communication in a population of students with autism spectrum disorder. Te second objective was to investigate the association between particular individual characteristics of these students with the identified forms and functions of communication. Te sample included 43 students with autism spectrum disorder, ranging in age from seven years and four months to 19 years and two months. Te representation of different forms and functions of communication was assessed by a modified Scale for the evaluation of expressive communication forms and functions (Cascella, 2005). In the study, we also used the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale - Second Edition (Gilliam, 2006), to assess the prevalence of autistic behavior in the assessed students. In our study, the informants were special educators who worked directly with the assessed students. Tere were marked variations among the respondents regarding the total number of registered communication forms and functions, with non-verbal forms of communication being more prevalent than verbal ones, while protesting was the most represented communication function. Most of the informants consider all of the evaluated communication behaviors as important or very important. Te total number of forms and functions of communication was not significantly related to the chronological age of the students, but it was related to the class. Furthermore, communication functions were significantly associated with the severity of the manifestation of autistic symptoms. In general, students with autism spectrum disorder have a wide range of communication forms and functions, which are recognized and highly valued in the school context.

Multiple symbolic representations: The combination of formula and text supports problem solving in the mathematical field of propositional logic

As multiple representations are common in math education, we examined different combinations of representations (text, formula, graphic) in the field of propositional logic. In two experiments, we investigated whether participants benefit from multiple representations, and whether the kind of representational combination affects performance. For the first experiment, 146 university students were divided into six groups: two single-representation groups (text or formula), three dual-representation groups (all possible pairs), and one triple-representation group. Results indicate that the combination of multiple symbolic representations (text + formula) was as helpful as combining analog and symbolic representations (text + graphic and text + formula + graphic): the participants provided with all such types of multiple representations outperformed all single representation groups. In a second experiment (N = 19, within-subjects) we compared the gaze behavior when working with multiple symbolic representations (text + formula) or combined symbolic and analog representations (text + graphic). The results demonstrate that text was the one representation that was attended most and can therefore be regarded as the reference representation in all useful combinations. Even though fewer gaze switches were observed between text and formulas than between text and graphics, performance (time on task and accuracy) did not differ. This research emphasizes the importance of various forms of multiple representations in mathematics learning and assessment, and sheds light on how different kinds of representations and their combinations are processed.