Importance Of Money Research Articles

What, If Anything, Can Labor Do to Rejuvenate Itself and Improve Worker Well-being in an Era of Inequality and Crisis-driven Austerity?

What, If Anything, Can Labor Do to Rejuvenate Itself and Improve Worker Well-being in an Era of Inequality and Crisis-driven Austerity?

The Effect of Income on the Importance of Money: Survey and Experimental Evidence

The authors investigate how both the amount and source of income affects the importance placed on money using a longitudinal analysis of the British Household Panel Survey and evidence from two laboratory experiments. Larger amounts of money received for labor were associated with individuals placing greater importance on money, but this effect did not hold for money unrelated to work. The longitudinal survey analysis demonstrated these differential effects of the source of income on money’s importance while holding constant stable individual differences. The experiments provide evidence that the source of income has a causal effect on the importance of money as well as on the effort expended to earn more money. Even as individual differences in the importance placed on money may affect peoples’ income, our results suggests that, depending upon its source, income can also affect the importance people place on money.

Surgical Interest and Surgical Match for Third-Year Students: Results of a Prospective Multivariate Longitudinal Cohort Study

Numerous factors have been linked to surgical career choice, including the quality of third-year surgical clerkship. The vast majority of studies also selectively evaluate one or only a few variables that link to surgical career choice, so relative impact cannot be assessed. This study simultaneously evaluates the majority of variables linked to surgical career choice in previous research so that the relative contributions of each of these variables with respect to surgical career choice can be determined. Surveys before, during, and after the third-year surgical clerkship included student demographics, background, and values (eg, importance of money, controllable lifestyle), and student reactions to the third-year surgical clerkship. The dependent variables in this study included interest in surgery at the beginning and end of the clerkship and matching into a surgical residency. Both univariate and multivariate analyses generally supported findings in the literature, but the strengths of these associations reported previously might not have been accurate. In this study, the surgical resident match odds ratio for students starting the clerkship already knowing they wanted to be a surgeon was 22.46; the next highest associations were 4.65 and 3.37, which corresponded to earlier exposure to a surgical specialty and earlier exposure to general surgery, respectively. Differences in career choice for general surgeons and surgical specialists were also explored. Although the experience of the clerkship is related to career choice, the largest impact of the clerkship is for those already interested in a surgical career. Interest in a surgical career largely develops before the third-year clerkship. Implications of the results for recruiting greater numbers of students into surgical careers are discussed.

Correlates of Physician Visits Among Older Adults in China

We examined how family support influenced the use of health services among older Chinese adults. Data came from a national representative survey including 20,255 respondents aged 60 and older. The dependent variable was the number of physician visits in the past 12 months. Family support variables include living arrangement, family size, financial support, instrumental support, and filial piety. Providing or receiving financial support increased the likelihood as well as number of physician visits. By contrast, living with children and regarding children as filial decreased physician visits. Financial sufficiency as indicated by the exchange of financial resources within families indicates the importance of money in predicting older adults' physician visits. Living with children may indicate a higher level of support, which substitutes some of physician services. Perceiving children as being filial may render psychological protective effects to older adults which results in less health service use.

An Examination of Gambling Behaviour in Relation to Financial Management Behaviour, Financial Attitudes, and Money Attitudes

This study was designed to examine the relationship between gambling behaviour (gambling frequency and problem gambling severity) and financial management practices (cash management, risk management, and general management), financial management attitudes, and money attitudes (materialism, achievement, budget, obsession, and anxiety) in a sample of 118 participants (45 males, 73 females) recruited from a university. The findings revealed that gambling frequency was not significantly associated with any financial management, financial attitude, or money attitude variable but that problem gambling severity was significantly positively associated with financial management attitudes and obsession and negatively associated with budget. However, problem gambling severity scores were no longer significantly correlated with these factors after controlling for demographic and socio-economic factors. It was concluded that future research evaluating multiple dimensions of practices and attitudes with reliable and valid standardised instruments in large community or clinical samples is required in order to design cognitive interventions for problem gambling that facilitate changes in general beliefs about the importance of money.

Moneda, Crédito y capital financiero

Las aportaciones a la teoría del dinero y del crédito y su relación con los bancos son advertidas en la obra El Capital Financiero desde hace cien años. Estas contribuciones son esencia prioritaria para entender la crisis del sistema capitalista. La obra de Hilferding viene a ser el embrión de la teoría del circuito del dinero. Pero también, la confrontación entre monetaristas y marxistas hace cien años. Expresan el debate del pensamiento económico en torno al desarrollo y expansión del capitalismo de finales del Siglo XIX al Siglo XX. Pero más que ello, es la fotografía de la transición del capitalismo mercantil al capitalismo financiero donde los bancos y la industria se unen en grandes conglomerados para expandirse y apropiarse de territorios y de recursos naturales renovables y no renovables en busca de la rentabilidad. Sin lugar a dudas que el único interés de las fusiones y megafusiones en periodos de crisis son la concentración y centralización entre las grandes formaciones empresariales con un objetivo predeterminado, la supervivencia y la ganancia. Por supuesto, que sin la participación del Estado no podría llevarse acabo el proceso del fortalecimiento de los conglomerados socavando el bienestar social. Este ensayo trata de resaltar el pensamiento de Hilferding en el debate del dinero y crédito por la importancia que le otorga en su obra. Se toman en cuenta las principales categorías de la obra de Hilferding a través de varios enunciados; segundo, la importancia del dinero y el dinero crédito como una relación social; tercero, el dinero crediticio frente a los chartalistas y monetaristas; por último, las aportaciones al pensamiento marxista y postkeynesiano.

골프관광의 위험지각이 소비행동에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to provide useful policy materials for the management efficiency of golf-related industry which is perceived as very effective sport activity for people`s enjoyment of leisure activity and improvement of quality of life. To put it concretely, this study was rovemded to examine the effects of demographic factors associated with the subject and perceived danger factors ovemded tption behaviors in golf participanthe In order to achieve this purpose, 500 golf tourism users residas roveGwas ju and Jeonnam ove2008 were sampled using mdevemience sampling method. The questionnaire survey was mdeducted by self-administration.s 4 questionnaires were excluded for their poor respdedes and 416 were usedre useinal analysis acinally the following results were obtained through results interpretation and discussion. First, in the analysis of the effects of perceived danger on satisfaction, as the importance of physical, sociopsychological, and functional factors were perceived as high, the effects on satisfaction became more positive. Second, in the analysis of the effects of perceived danger on revisitation, as the importance of sociopsychological and temporal factors were perceived as high, the effects on revisitation became more positive. Finally, in the analysis of the effects of perceived danger on word-of-mouth intention, as the importance of money, functional, and temporal factors were perceived as high, the effects on word-of-mouth intention became more positive.

Americans and the environment

PurposeConsiders factors effecting environmental change in America, focusing on communication and wind power.Design/methodology/approachThis briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments.FindingsSurveys show that the average American is now finally aware of climate change. They know that green house gases in the Earth's atmosphere are rising to dangerous levels, that carbon emissions are to blame, and that climate change poses a very serious problem to the future of our planet. Despite this, surveys also show that they are doing precious little about it. On the whole lifestyles have not changed, even in the simplest ways. Americans might know the world is at risk but still they make little or no effort to recycle trash, use energy saving light bulbs or avoid using the car. This is a real predicament with growing urgency. So what is to be done?Practical implicationsOffers advice on reformulating communications when it comes to climate change.Originality/valueGives American attitudes to climate change, highlighting the importance of money and information for the very wealthiest as well as the average Americans.

A TEST OF THE IMPORTATION AND WORK ENVIRONMENT MODELS: THE EFFECTS OF WORK ETHIC, IMPORTANCE OF MONEY, AND MANAGEMENT VIEWS ON THE JOB SATISFACTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT OF CORRECTIONAL STAFF

ABSTRACT There are two fundamental models used to explain the attitudes and behaviors of correctional staff. The first is the Importation Model, which holds that work attitudes are primarily shaped by factors that employees bring with them to the workplace, and the second is the Work Environment Model, which holds that employee work attitudes are primarily shaped by dimensions of the work environment. Most of the correctional staff literature on job satisfaction and organizational commitment has supported the Work Environment Model but not the Importation Model; however, most of the research on the Importation Model has focused on demographic characteristics, which tend to be weak measures of imported factors. This study examined the impact of work ethic and importance of money as importation factors, and trust in management, participation in management, and support by management as work environment factors, on the job satisfaction and organizational commitment among staff at a private Midwestern correctional organization. The findings provide support for both models. Specifically, work ethic and trust in management had statistically significant effects on job satisfaction, while work ethic, trust in management, and participation in management had significant effects on organizational commitment.

Some Notes on the Nature of Money and the Future of Monetary Policy

In a debate on the future of monetary policy and the displacement of money, Woodford argued that, even if innovations should lead to a situation in which the banks' demand for reserves at the central bank is zero, the central bank can still influence the economy's interest rates because its liability is the economy's unit of account. This paper deals with these topics by considering the implications of emphasizing the function of money as unit of account. In the analysis of money from this perspective, social, institutional and economic factors play a crucial role. Money is a social and historical relation. Therefore, the displacement of money and central banks, though possible, is a complex process involving economic, social and political factors, not merely the result of innovations. The paper also looks at some aspects of Kaldor's theory, which is centered on the fundamental importance of money as unit of account.

Imperial nature. Joseph Hooker and the practices of Victorian science

Imperial nature. Joseph Hooker and the practices of Victorian science

Money on the Territory of the City of Osijek

There are several reasons, why money has been taken as the subject of study in this paper. Money is undoubtedly the most important part of monetary economy, but also of numismatics and notaphily. Money's cultural and artistic, as well as its economic dimension and some of the historic monetary solutions additionally emphasize its importance. The importance of money is also supported by the relative diversity, numerousness and specific gualities of particular monetary forms in a small geographic area, such as the territoiy of city, over a long period of time. The incorporation of some postulations of classical numismatics and notaphily into the science of money allows a more complete and a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon of money. Every possible initiative in terms of research, elaboration and presentation of unknown parts of monetary history of Osijek can present a challenge, but also an invaluable contribution to the study of monetary transactions of this city, as well as of Croatia.

The King, His Soul and the Pastor: Three Views of a Conflict in Akropong 1906-7

AbstractIn 1906-7, in Akwapim, a small kingdom in southern Ghana (then the Gold Coast), a bitter conflict occurred between the king, Nana Kwasi Akuffo, and Kwasi Fianko, a wealthy trader who had been appointed as the king's 'soul' (okra) but who later decided to resign his position and rejoin the Christian community. Two detailed accounts addressed to the Basel Mission were written by an indigenous pastor and his superior, a long-serving missionary. They recount the conflict, the negotiations that ensued, and the complex relations between the king and the Basel Mission community. These reports depict the ambitions and the everyday conduct of a poor king and a wealthy commoner, the one a non-Christian and the other a Christian, in the early years of the twentieth century. They also describe the position of the 'soul' in an Akan court, and the central importance of money in a kingdom lacking important natural resources.

Money obsession, social adjustment, and economic risk perception

The present study aimed at investigating whether individual views on the importance of money are differentially linked to social adjustment as well as to economic risk perception. The analysis was based on 212 respondents who filled out questionnaires containing items measuring money attitudes, psychological constructs of social adaptation, economic risk perception and monetary behavior. Results suggested that money obsession was linked to a lower degree of social adjustment. They further showed that a high importance attached to money was to a significant degree explained by the perception of running a higher risk of economic loss.

Building Multicultural Transitions for Ethnically Diverse Learners With Disabilities

Individuals with disabilities tend to experience fewer successful outcomes in postsecondary transition than do youth without disabilities. Ethnically diverse learners have added challenges, such as worldviews, values, language, family involvement, level of acculturation, expectations, decision-making style, meaning of work, importance of money and social status, and role models that may be dissimilar to the dominant school and work cultures. This article addresses three elements commonly attended to in postsecondary transition for learners with disabilities—their disability types, their preferences, and their strengths—but adds culture as a fourth critical component and explains how cultural considerations can be infused throughout the transition process for ethnically diverse learners with disabilities. The authors offer practical suggestions, including an innovative new program using Latino paraeducators as translators and mentors, to support successful multicultural transitions for ethnically diverse learners with disabilities.

Courtship and Marriage among University Graduates in Hanoi

This article examines Hanoi university graduates’ value orientations as seen in their behaviour and attitudes towards courtship and marriage. Based on in-depth interviews and participant observation in 2000–01, 2002 and 2003, the author argues that post-socialist educated youth are moving towards what they perceive as ‘modern’ values. This is evident in such courtship practices as multiple dating, ‘playing around’, Internet dating and dating foreigners, as well as in their attitudes towards the importance of money in dating. However, the move towards ‘modernity’ is not a dramatic shift that entails a total rejection of ‘traditional’ values, but rather a shift along a continuum, with a diversification of trends regarding the behaviour and attitudes of young graduates.

Money ethic, moral conduct and work related attitudes

PurposeThis study aims to investigate perception of ethical and moral conduct in the public sector in Swaziland, specifically, the relationship among: money ethic, attitude towards business ethics, corruption perception, turnover intention, job performance, job satisfaction, and the demographic profile of respondents.Design/methodology/approachThe study was a survey using self‐administered questionnaires. Using stratified sampling technique in selected organisations, usable data were collected from 83 public sector employees in Swaziland.FindingsResults indicated significant relationship among money ethic, attitude towards business ethics, turnover intention and job performance. The importance of money as a motivator was also demonstrated. Respondents hold that civil servants' involvement in corruption is high and that bribery and corruption is widespread in Swaziland.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample size was small and hence limits generalisation of findings, but provides preliminary information for a larger study. The need to enrich future studies with in‐depth follow‐up interviews was noted.Practical implicationsThe respondents' perception of widespread corruption calls for a reinvigoration of government anti‐graft efforts and the need to promote ethical consciousness in the country.Originality/valueThis paper has demonstrated the importance of ethical awareness, the importance of money as a motivator and the state of corruption in another cultural setting – Swaziland.

Does Money Include Information for Prices in the Euro Area? / Enthält Geld Informationen für die Preisentwicklung im Eurowährungsgebiet?

Summary In this paper, the P-star framework is mainly used to examine the importance of money for future price movements in the euro area. Constructing the equilibrium price level, simple-sum M3 and different Divisia M3 aggregates are considered. In addition, nominal money changes are investigated in inflation equations. Adapting an in-sample analysis, Divisia aggregates are important for HICP development and to some extent for GDP deflator movement. The out-of-sample forecasting exercise presents evidence that simple-sum M3 includes more information for the HICP, whereas one of the Divisia aggregates helps to predict the future GDP deflator.

Ideological Congruence Versus Electoral Success

Political scientists have long studied the importance of money in congressional elections. The primary conclusion of such studies is that candidates who lack financial resources rarely win elections. Recently, Democratic and Republican national party organizations have taken an active role in congressional campaigns, contributing millions of dollars to House and Senate hopefuls. In this work, I seek to determine whether the parties prefer to send resources to ideologically congruent candidates or to candidates engaged in competitive races. Building on previous works that analyzed the patterns of party contributions in House elections, I use a superior measure of ideology to study patterns of party donations to a specific subset of Senate candidates from 1990 to 2000. Consistent with studies of House contributions, I find that competitiveness, not ideology, is the primary determinant of party giving in Senate elections.

The importance of money to Italian children

Explores the attitudes of Italian children to money, with reference to US research which indicates a significant difference between boys and girls. Tests five hypotheses relating to gender differences in respect to money: boys are more positive in their attitudes to it, girls would be uncomfortable talking about it, men rather than women are seen by children as economically successful, sons rather than daughters would try to emulate their fathers’ economic status, and these gender differences might increase through adolescence. Explains the methodology of the study, and relates the findings to Italian society and the Catholic religion. Contrasts the attitudes of Italian parents to boys and girls regarding money: boys are more likely to receive regular pocket money and be expected to achieve highly paid jobs, whereas girls tend to value family or more creative activities.