Importance Of Different Scales Research Articles

Scaling populism: the discursive articulation of spaces by Vox on Twitter

ABSTRACT While the division between the people and the elite created by populism is typically understood within a national framework, the aim of this article is to analyse how the understanding of the people and the elite is constructed by the use of interwoven scales. By focusing on the scalar politics of the Spanish party Vox, the discursive articulation of space through scales are analysed. By means of a qualitative discourse analysis of six Twitter (now X) accounts of the most prominent leaders, we argue that the use of political spaces is strictly connected to the party’s broader political narrative. Concretely, the analysis of the spatial imaginaries evoked by Vox on Twitter shows the importance of different scales – local, regional, national and global – to organize its populist antagonism spatially. In so doing, this paper makes a contribution to the literature on ‘scalar politics’ of radical right parties, which has recently focused on different geographical constituencies. We argue that the national scale maintains its predominance in opposition to the global scale (dominated by the cosmopolitan elites), the regional one (where separatism represents a threat against Spain's unity), the local scale which is nationalized against migrants and people who do not feel as Spaniards.

Multiscale variability in coral recruitment in the Mascarene Islands: From centimetric to geographical scale.

Coral recruitment refers to the processes allowing maintenance and renewal of coral communities. Recruitment success is therefore indispensable for coral reef recovery after disturbances. Recruitment processes are governed by a variety of factors occurring at all spatial and temporal scales, from centimetres to hundreds of kilometres. In the present context of rising disturbances, it is thus of major importance to better understand the relative importance of different scales in this variation, and when possible, the factors associated with these scales. Multiscale spatio-temporal variability of scleractinian coral recruitment was investigated at two of the Mascarene Islands: Reunion and Rodrigues. Recruitment rates and taxonomic composition were examined during three consecutive six-month periods from regional to micro-local scales (i.e. from hundreds of kilometres to few centimetres) and between two protection levels (no-take zones and general protection zones). Very low recruitment rates were observed. Rodrigues displayed lower recruitment rates than Reunion. Recruit assemblage was dominated by Pocilloporidae (77.9%), followed by Acroporidae (9.9%) and Poritidae (5.2%). No protection effect was identified on coral recruitment, despite differences in recruitment rates among sites within islands. Recruits were patchily distributed within sites but no aggregative effect was detected, i.e. the preferentially colonised tiles were not spatially grouped. Recruits settled mainly on the sides of the tiles, especially at Rodrigues, which could be attributed to the high concentration of suspended matter. The variability of recruitment patterns at various spatial scales emphasises the importance of micro- to macro-local variations of the environment in the dynamics and maintenance of coral populations. High temporal variability was also detected, between seasons and years, which may be related to the early 2016 bleaching event at Rodrigues. The low recruitment rates and the absence of protection effect raise questions about the potential for recovery from disturbances of coral reefs in the Mascarene Islands.

Similar habitats, different communities: Fish and large invertebrate assemblages in eastern Gulf of Mexico polyhaline seagrasses relate more to estuary morphology than latitude

Seagrass habitats are a dominant component of coastal waters along the eastern Gulf of Mexico coast and are recognized as essential habitats for many species. Although various ecologically and economically important species depend on seagrass habitats at some life stages, these habitats are vulnerable to anthropogenic influences. As coastal human populations continue to grow, and nearshore habitats are affected, understanding the structure and function of assemblages associated with nearshore habitats is important for management and mitigation efforts. Therefore, we sampled estuarine and nearshore polyhaline seagrass beds monthly (May–November) from 2008 through 2015 using a 6.1-m otter trawl in seven estuaries in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Despite latitudinal variability, assemblage structure of fishes and selected larger invertebrates was predominantly driven by estuary morphology—semi-enclosed estuaries had significantly higher catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of estuarine obligates and incidental marine taxa, whereas open estuaries had higher CPUE of small forage and cryptic species. Furthermore, abundances of several important fishery species differed markedly between semi-enclosed and open systems. Our results highlight (1) the relative importance of different scales of environmental factors' influence on communities, (2) the need for understanding how seemingly similar habitats in estuaries of differing morphologies can support different fishery species, and (3) the importance of regional-scale monitoring data and its value in tracking ecological changes.

Offspring size and maternal environments mediate the early juvenile performance of two congeneric whelks

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 459:73-83 (2012) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09763 Offspring size and maternal environments mediate the early juvenile performance of two congeneric whelks Sergio A. Carrasco1,*, Nicole E. Phillips1, Alejandro Pérez-Matus2 1School of Biological Sciences and Coastal Ecology Laboratory, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand 2Laboratorio de Ecología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Valparaíso, Casilla 5080, Avenida Borgoño 16344, Viña del Mar, Chile *Email: sergio.carrasco@vuw.ac.nz ABSTRACT: Offspring size variation can have pervasive ecological and evolutionary implications for both offspring and mother, affecting an organism’s performance throughout its life. Using 2 marine intertidal whelk species Cominella virgata and C. maculosa as model organisms, we examined how different maternal environments and contrasting hatchling size influence juvenile performance. The average size of field-collected hatchlings greatly differed between the species and at different scales of variation (i.e. among sites). Species-specific differences in hatching size were reflected in juvenile performance. Overall, C. virgata with larger hatchlings (~3 mm), exhibited faster growth rates and higher survival than the smaller C. maculosa (~1.5 mm). Desiccation treatment did not affect the performance of fed juveniles; however, large hatchlings had higher growth rates than small conspecifics for both species. Starved hatchlings of both species performed more poorly than fed ones; however, species-specific and size differences were less significant for the evaluated traits, suggesting a non-size-related allocation of resources and similar resource utilization during starvation conditions (i.e. within species). As has been described for many taxa, large offspring often perform better than small conspecifics; however, because this performance is likely context-dependent, understanding the importance of different scales of variation is crucial for determining when variation in size is an advantage or a disadvantage in terms of an organism’s performance. KEY WORDS: Progeny size · Reproductive strategies · Environmental variation · Phenotypic plasticity · Offspring size-fitness · Cominella Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Carrasco SA, Phillips NE, Pérez-Matus A (2012) Offspring size and maternal environments mediate the early juvenile performance of two congeneric whelks. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 459:73-83. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09763 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 459. Online publication date: July 12, 2012 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2012 Inter-Research.

Scales of spatiotemporal variation in macroinvertebrate assemblage structure in monsoonal streams: the importance of season

Summary1. We assessed the relative importance of different scales of spatial and temporal variability on benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage structure in six unpolluted streams in monsoonal Hong Kong using ordination and complementary multivariate analyses. The spatial scales were regions, sites (streams) and sections (riffles) within sites. The temporal scales were years (three, including one with unusually high rainfall), seasons (dry versus wet) and days within seasons.2. Significant differences in assemblage structure were manifested at all temporal scales. Those at the site scale were most obvious, whereas demarcation of assemblage structure at the section (riffle) scale was smaller, and there was no significant regional differentiation in assemblage structure. Seasonal variability in assemblage structure was greater than that among years or days.3. Inter‐year differences in assemblage structure were recorded at all sites, and were noted among all years at some sites but not at others. They were recorded more frequently during the dry season, although their occurrence (in pair‐wise comparisons between years) appeared to be related to differences in the monsoonal (wet season) rainfall.4. Seasonal differences in assemblage structure were strongly evident at all sites. Inter‐site differences were more apparent during the dry season when local (site‐scale) influences on assemblages were stronger. By contrast, wet‐season samples were more variable because of spate‐induced disturbance, and inter‐site differentiation was less distinct.5. Differences among days at all sites were relatively minor, but shifts attributable to repeated spate‐induced disturbance were evident at some sites during the wet season.6. Differences at the section scale were recorded more frequently during the dry season, when the extent of within‐site variability among sections was higher, reflecting increased patchiness within sections resulting from increased substratum heterogeneity and/or greater intensity of biotic interactions.7. Seasonal shifts in macroinvertebrate assemblage structure at a variety of scales in Hong Kong streams are likely to be attributable to monsoonal rains affecting the relative intensity of abiotic disturbance and biotic interactions in accordance with the harsh‐benign hypothesis.

Energy‐scale Aware Feature Extraction for Flow Visualization

AbstractIn the visualization of flow simulation data, feature detectors often tend to result in overly rich response, making some sort of filtering or simplification necessary to convey meaningful images. In this paper we present an approach that builds upon a decomposition of the flow field according to dynamical importance of different scales of motion energy. Focusing on the high‐energy scales leads to a reduction of the flow field while retaining the underlying physical process. The presented method acknowledges the intrinsic structures of the flow according to its energy and therefore allows to focus on the energetically most interesting aspects of the flow. Our analysis shows that this approach can be used for methods based on both local feature extraction and particle integration and we provide a discussion of the error caused by the approximation. Finally, we illustrate the use of the proposed approach for both a local and a global feature detector and in the context of numerical flow simulations.

Environmental governance for sustainable tourism development: Collaborative networks and organisation building in the Antalya tourism region

For more than two decades the attainment of sustainable environmental quality and the protection of environmental assets have been at the forefront of central policy issues in global tourism development. Recently, it has been argued that collaborative and associative forms of governance among tourism companies and other related agents are growing in importance in the drive for sustainable and environmentally sensitive tourism. Despite the increasing number of debates on the role of networking on tourism they are not well supported by empirical studies, and still far from explain how such networks can contribute to the sustainable development of territories. This paper aims to contribute to previous literature by analysing together governance networks and literature on sustainable development, and by providing empirical findings that highlight the importance of governance networks in sustainable tourism development, the importance of different scales of collaborative governance networks and the role of organisation building for environmentally sustainable tourism development in Antalya. The paper offers analytical findings on the networks of environmental governance among different types of tourism organisations based on a company-level survey, which reveals an increase in local collaboration and self-help networking based on local concerns and endogenous dynamics among the different actors in tourism. Unfortunately, the findings show that environmental motivations fall far behind economic considerations in networking practices.

Deviation from power law, spatial data of forest canopy gaps, and three lattice models

Forest canopy gaps are important for tree regeneration and species diversity. We develop a method to analyze the spatial patterns of forest canopy gaps, focusing on the relative importance of different scales in spatial variation. We apply this method to forest data, and to spatial patterns generated by three spatial Markov chains in which the transition rate of each site depends on the nearest neighbors: (1) two-state model, in which each site is either a gap or a canopy site, (2) three-state model, which considers gaps, occupied, and disturbed sites. This was originally proposed as a model for mussel bed spatial dynamics, and (3) propagating-wave model, which is derived from the model for wave regenerating fir forest, by considering stochastic transition and neglecting the directionality of wind. For a given spatial pattern, the variance of the fraction of area covered by gaps decreases with the size of the area considered. We introduce a method to quantify the deviation from a power law (i.e. from a line in a logarithmic plot). A characteristic spatial scale of the patterns is most clearly visible for the propagating-wave model. The spatial gap data from a neotropical forest (BCI) and a cool temperate forest (Ogawa Forest Reserve) are consistent with the two-state model and three-state model, but not with the propagating-wave model.

CHARACTERISTIC SCALES IN A SPRAY FROM A DIESEL INJECTOR STUDIED WITH WAVELET MULTIRESOLUTION ANALYSIS

Wavelet multiresolution analysis has been applied to digital images of ethanol sprays injected into air at atmospheric pressure and at room temperature. The imaging was performed with laser-sheet imaging using the 308 nm light from a XeCl excimer laser. Image capturing was performed with a CCD camera. The importance of different scales in the turbulent structure of the sprays was easily recognized using wavelet multiresolution analysis. It was observed that the intermediate and small scale levels contained information of such important phenomena as the spray break-up. This was not easily recognized in the original images, due to averaging over all scales.

Taxon-dependent Scaling: Beetles, Birds, and Vegetation at Four North American Grassland Sites

Because organisms respond to the environment at different scales, it is important to develop ways of determining the appropriate scales for a specific ecological process and organism. We consider whether the relative importance of different scales is associated with organism mobility, and whether this relationship is independent of landscape characteristics. We observed abundances of particular species for vascular plants, ground-dwelling beetles and breeding birds along eight 2-km transects of 40 sampling stations each, distributed over four sites along the regional gradient from shortgrass steppe in central Colorado to tallgrass prairie in central Kansas. For each transect and taxonomic group, the relative importance of factors measured at the trap scale (1 m; soil texture and hardness, vegetation height, bare ground), at the local scale (10 m; density of shrubs and cacti) and at the landscape scale (30 m; Landsat 7 TM spectral bands, slope and elevation) was assessed using hierarchical canonical variance partitioning with forward selection of explanatory variables. Plant, beetle and bird community composition was explained by environmental factors measured at all three scales. Factor influence was more consistent between transects and between plants and beetles for the more homogeneous landscapes of the shortgrass steppe than for the more heterogeneous landscapes of the tallgrass prairie. We conclude that, independent of the mobility of a taxonomic group, factors at several scales are important in explaining community composition. The importance of different scales shifts along a regional gradient, and the variability between sites is high even for nearby sites.

Horizontal distribution patterns during a cyanobacterial bloom

A hierarchical sampling was performed in order to give a picture of the horizontal distribution of cyanobacterial colonies. It showed how the importance of different scales in distance changed during the summer bloom of Gloeotrichia echinulata in the moderately eutrophic and stratified Lake Erken in southeastern Sweden. G. echinulata colonies occurred in patches at a distance of ∼1000 m and the variance at smaller scales was low. For colony content of phosphorus, chlorophyll a and size, however, the largest variances were found at the 20 m (and error) scale if the variances between dates are not taken into account. It was concluded that in order to estimate the lake population of cyanobacterial colonies properly these variances must be considered when deciding the sampling program.

Horizontal distribution patterns during a cyanobacterial bloom

A hierarchical sampling was performed in order to give a picture of the horizontal distribution of cyanobacterial colonies. It showed how the importance of different scales in distance changed during the summer bloom of Gloeotrichia echinulata in the moderately eutrophic and stratified Lake Erken in southeastern Sweden. G. echinulata colonies occurred in patches at a distance of -1000 in and the variance at smaller scales was low. For colony content of phosphorus. chlorophyll a and size, however, the largest variances were found at the 20 m (and error) scale if the variances between dates are not taken into account. It was concluded that in order to estimate the lake population of cyanobacterial colonies properly these variances must be considered when deciding the sampling program.