Import Substitution Process Research Articles

The Russian telemedicine market in the context of economic sanctions: Development prospects

Subject. This article discusses the problems of quality of medical services. Objectives. The article aims to determine the areas of development of the Russian telemedicine market in the context of economic sanctions. Methods. For the study, we used the logical and statistical analyses. Results. The article finds that despite the difficulties associated with the ban on the supply to Russia of technical devices necessary for the production of equipment, Russia has accumulated actual experience in providing telemedicine services, and a large number of large digital platforms have been created in the field of healthcare. Conclusions. To develop telemedicine tools and services in Russia, it is necessary to improve the methodological and regulatory framework, and intensify the processes of import substitution in the medical industry.

РАЗВИТИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ РОЛИ ТОРГОВЛИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ

The article examines the processes of development of the social role of trade in the conditions of import substitution, which influence the standard of living of the country’s population, spheres of life, and the business reputation of both companies and the state as a whole. In particular, the issues of structuring the relationship between the development of the social role of trade in the modern world and the process of import substitution, which in turn are actively developing and improving, as well as assessing the importance of access to parallel imports in the trade sphere are considered.

АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ В КОММЕРЧЕСКОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

The last few years have been a turning point for the digitalization of industry. In 2023, digital solutions were actively introduced into production processes. The impact on the financial system from digitalization is currently at the initial stage. Financial organizations have not avoided innovations in the form of electronic document management and optimization and automation of processes. According to analysts, similar growth will be observed in 2024-2025 until the period when the import substitution processes are completed by more than 90%.

Import substitution mechanism for the construction industry in Russia

This study is important for most states, but especially for Russia in the current political situation. Dependence on foreign goods and services can turn out to be not the best result, as, for example, happened in Russia. One of the most important industries in the country is the construction industry. And it currently requires global import substitution. However, to change the situation, it is necessary to understand that the import substitution process cannot happen instantly. Governments of many countries should work on it comprehensively in order not to come to the situation in which the Russian Federation finds itself. Long-standing principles of exporting goods to foreign markets have shown their failure. The massive sale of raw materials and the purchase of a wide range of goods for various spheres from abroad has greatly weakened the country’s economy. This has led to the need to find new solutions on the part of the state. The author’s import substitution mechanism proposed in the article is universal for the construction industry, as it is a system of managerial decisions that allow to develop the country’s own production systematically and to gradually abandon foreign goods. This mechanism will allow for a timely assessment of the production, economic and technological potential of the industry, taking into account the interaction of state and commercial organizations.

Сельскохозяйственный потенциал новых регионов России

The expansion of the borders of the Russian Federation in 2022 by means of joining four new subjects, i.e. Donetsk Republic, Zaporozhye region, Luhansk Republic and Kherson region is one of the most important stages in the history of the country. The new subjects have significant human, industrial and agricultural potential, which will strengthen the economic position of the country in the world in the future. The newly joined areas are located in favorable climatic conditions of the Northern Black Sea coast, therefore, first of all, they have recreational and agricultural advantages. Since Russia as a whole has completed the process of foodstuff import substitution and is gaining an increasing weight in international food trade, the expansion of the agricultural and food production base in the short term should generally affect agro-industrial complex production and the export potential of the country positively. Of course, the advantages of the new regions will require significant investment and efforts to restore the economy and ensure security. Nevertheless, there is every reason to believe the expansion of the state territory has not only political but also positive economic consequences in the form of growth, above all, of the agro-industrial complex. In this regard, assessment of agricultural potential and opportunities for processing in new regions of the country is an urgent task. The purpose of this paper is to assess the dynamics of the agro-industrial sector of the new Russian regions on the basis of statistical data on their economic development in recent years. It is estimated as the volume of agriculture over the past decade, its structure and the value of output in horticulture and the livestock industry. To accomplish the task, such methods of general scientific knowledge as analysis, synthesis, as well as the tabular method of information processing were used. In the course of the study, information on the development of agriculture in four new regions, both in absolute terms and relative to the total output of both Ukrainian and Russian agricultural production, was obtained.

Особенности рынка имплантируемых медицинских изделий

Today the market of medical devices is represented by a wide range of implantable products used in the field of traumatology and orthopedics. This segment is currently developing dynamically and is one of the most significant in the healthcare industry. The current situation in the joint replacement market favors the entry into the market and the strengthening of domestic manufacturers on it. The sanctions pressure both makes troubles and helps the domestic producer. Today we can already say that the technologies that have been developed and are being developed in our country in the field of joint replacement deserve attention: there are developments that allow increasing the service life of endoprostheses compared to imported analogues. The industry of endoprosthesis production in the Russian Federation is at the initial stage, there is an increase in projects requiring investment and the formation of production capacities. The state plays an important role, it should create favorable conditions for domestic producers, and thereby contribute to the process of import substitution. In this regard, it is advisable to investigate the current state of the joint replacement market in order to make a decision on the prospects of working on it, taking into account the assessment of the capacity and volume of the joint replacement market.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ РАЗВИТИЕМ РЕГИОНА НА ОСНОВЕ СИСТЕМНОГО ПОДХОДА: ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

The modern development of Russian regions is characterized by many systemic transformations. Unprecedented economic sanctions, restrictions on trade and financial transactions require not only the development of solutions that adapt to new conditions, but also strategic directions for the further economic development of both the regions and the country as a whole. For the theory and practice of regional management, the methodological consolidation of a systematic approach is becoming a priority, designed to integrate the plurality of possible scenarios for further regional development, adapted to emerging threats and taking into account limitations, risks and emerging opportunities. The processes of import substitution of technologies are complex, high-cost and backbone. Achieving priority strategic goals aimed at overcoming the problem of import substitution of technologies and products requires the concentration of capital, resources and an increase in innovation and investment activity. In this regard, an important task is to find and justify areas that ensure the processes of import substitution of technologies and foreign final and intermediate consumption goods used in production cycles. A systematic approach to the development of a regional development strategy makes it possible to take into account the potential and economic conditions of each individual region. The transition to a new technological paradigm is impossible without creating sustainable competitive advantages realized through our own competitive products and technologies. The policy of import substitution implemented by the regions is a consequence of the impact of both external political factors and reasonable strategic goals aimed at ensuring the competitiveness of the region. The creation of own innovative technologies, products, services contributes to the digitalization of the economy, the growth of production results and the improvement of the effectiveness of production processes, the efficiency of the economic activity of enterprises is growing, the welfare of the population is growing, and the sustainable development of the economy of the region and the state is achieved.

ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЕ В САРАТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ: РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ

The implementation of foreign economic activity at the current stage of human development is an integral factor of qualitative and effective economic growth of any country. Modern world realities with the constant growth of global tensions lead to the closure of some product supply channels, which forces us to look for alternative ways and ways to purchase the necessary products. In this regard, there are several possible options for obtaining such goods, some of which are the search for foreign contractors for the supply of sanctioned products through third countries, the search for new partners or the development of their own production within their own country. Each of them has its own positive and negative features, but with the combined use of all three, we can achieve maximum results. So, if at the moment the necessary products cannot be produced due to a lack of technological base, it is necessary to use foreign analogies. However, at the same time, we should strive to establish our own production of domestic products within the framework of the import substitution program, which will avoid dependence on foreign countries. The release of new products will not only replace foreign products, but also create new high-tech jobs, increase the inflow of investments through the opening of new production facilities, as well as bring the quality of domestic products to a radically new level through state support of key and most vulnerable industries. The conducted research was carried out in order to study the process of import substitution with a regional bias. In addition, the current situation, results and directions of import substitution development are analyzed on the example of the Saratov region. Statistical data confirming the importance of import substitution for the stable functioning of the state are presented and analyzed. It is concluded that the correct alignment of priorities for the development of the region will make the region one of the main centers for import substitution of certain types of products, where we are able to successfully compete with foreign products.

Исследование ассортимента анальгезирующих наркотических лекарственных средств на региональном уровне

Analgesic narcotic analgesics are the basis for the treatment of pain syndromes. Russia is undergoing import substitution processes for the production of narcotic analgesics, and appropriate actions are being taken to ensure the growth of the production base of the pharmaceutical industry. The results of a study of the range of opioid analgesics on the Russian market, as well as in the Novgorod region, are presented. The period of regulation based on prohibitions, restrictions, additional responsibilities, which caused certain problems in the quality of pain therapy, is being replaced by a period of greater concern for the needs of patients. The article shows the processes of a significant increase in the release of narcotic analgesics in sufficient quantities and in various dosage forms. The Novgorod region has a sufficient range of analgesic narcotic analgesics in modern dosage forms.

СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ ВЫСОКОТЕХНОЛОГИЧНЫХ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ НА ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОМ И РЕГИОНАЛЬНОМ УРОВНЯХ

The article deals with the problems of strategic development of hightech industrial enterprises in the Russian economy at the federal and regional levels. Based on the national project “Labor Productivity: Leaders of the Russian industry”, the level of labor productivity in high-tech industries among the leaders and outsiders of the rating was studied. The authors propose a classification of the problems of innovative development of enterprises in the high-tech sector in four directions: problems of a financial nature, state regulation, market and infrastructure nature. The authors propose a number of ways and tools for the development of high-tech enterprises and the acceleration of the import substitution process, the prerequisite of which is the understanding of new problems and challenges in terms of the emergence of opportunities for the development of Russian industries.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ПАРАДИГМА РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ

This article is about the process of import substitution in the regions. The authors determine the reasons for and the need for import substitution, explore the degree of need for individual regions and the state as a whole to replace imported goods with domestic counterparts. The article proposes the key parameters of the import substitution process from the standpoint of regional specifics. At the same time, the emphasis is on an innovative development path using modern digital technologies.

Evaluation of the results and analysis of the impact of the DCFTA with the EU on agricultural trade in Ukraine

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the impact of the EU-Ukraine Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA) on bilateral trade in agri-food products and domestic food market of Ukraine during the first five years after the entry into force of this DCFTA.
 Methodology / approach. Analysis of the impact of DCFTA with EU on the agricultural trade is based on the cost-benefit approach. The results of the implementation of the DCFTA agreement are evaluated in terms of benefits and losses for the main stakeholders (players) in agricultural trade – Ukrainian agricultural exporters, domestic agri-food producers, consumers, and the government sector. Based on the methods of analyzing the structure of the sectoral market, a list of criteria for evaluating the results of the implementation of the Agreement was determined. A comparison method was used to evaluate the impact of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement (hereinafter Agreement or AA) on agricultural trade and the domestic market of agri-food products of Ukraine. To study the DCFTA’s impact, the five-year period (2009–2013) before its implementation was compared with the five-year period after the entry into force of the DCFTA bilaterally (2016–2020). Since Ukraine lost control over part of its territories after the start of the Agreement’s implementation, relative indicators were used to assess the impact of the EU-Ukraine DCFTA on the domestic market of agri-food products. The research was conducted based on the data of the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, UN Comtrade Trade Statistics Database, Eurostat Database.
 Results. The analysis demonstrates the undoubted benefits of DCFTA for Ukrainian exporters of agricultural goods: (1) after the implementation of the DCFTA, there was an increase in both Ukraine’s agricultural exports to the EU and imports of agricultural products from the EU to Ukraine, and the resulting positive balance in agricultural trade in 2020 was 5.5 times higher than in 2009. (2) the average growth rate of Ukraine’s agricultural exports to the EU during the first 5 years of the Agreement (10.3 %) exceeded the average growth rate of agricultural imports from the EU to Ukraine (7.2 %). (3) during 2016–2020, Ukraine’s exports of agricultural goods to the EU grew faster than agricultural exports to the rest of the World, which indicates the high effectiveness of bilateral liberalization of foreign trade regimes. (4) the DCFTA with the EU has not yet resulted in significantly reduce of the share of agricultural raw materials (or low value-added primary goods) in Ukraine’s exports to the EU. (5) the potential for exports of Ukrainian agricultural products to the EU, including those produced by small and medium-sized agrobusinesses, has not been fully realized due to the low levels of tariff rate quotas, high level of EU import duty rates applied to quantities imported from Ukraine outside tariff quotas and long duration and high costs of the certification procedures for the export to the EU. (6) during the first 5 years of DCFTA implementation, there was no significant expansion of imports of agri-food products to the domestic market of Ukraine. This happened not so much because of the high competitiveness of domestic producers, but because of the low purchasing power of the population. (7) the implementation of the Agreement did not have a significant downward impact on domestic prices for agri-food products in Ukraine. (8) the lowering of the tariff protection of the domestic market did not significantly influenced the domestic production of agri-food products which remained stable, except for the production of grape wines, which decreased during 2016–2020. (9) due to the implementation of the Agreement, the EU has increased its share in the import of agri-food products to Ukraine. However, for some commodity groups there was both absolute and relative decrease in imports. This happened due to competition from other importers, as well as due to import substitution processes.
 Originality / scientific novelty. The originality of the study is the specification (adaptation) of cost-benefit analysis methods to identify the DCFTA impact on the main stakeholders in agricultural trade of Ukraine with European Union – exporters, domestic producers, consumers, government sector. 
 Practical value / implications. The practical use of the study consists of identification of the positive and negative consequences of the DCFTA for Ukraine’s agricultural trade stakeholders, as well as factors of these consequences, that allows developing practical agricultural trade policy recommendations, including periodic time-to-time review of trade provisions of the Agreement.

Личное информационное пространство старшеклассника-инноватора

In the Federal State Educational Standard of Secondary General Education, the «Portrait of a school graduate» presents such a personal characteristic of a student as «motivated for creativity and innovative activity».
 In the Federal State Educational Standard of Secondary General Education in Computer Science, «the ability to organize personal information space using various means of digital technologies» is named as mandatory personality qualities of students. At the same time, the target orientation of the formation of a personal information space is not specified.
 There are didactic grounds to consider it expedient to orient students to the formation of a specific personal information space focused on a specific type of activity, in particular, innovation. 
 Nowadays, during the difficult historical development of Russia in the conditions of increasing sanctions pressure of unfriendly states and the need for Russian citizens to master «new competencies» for effective participation in import substitution processes in all types of production activities, in order to ensure technological sovereignty, it is necessary to put the mastery of citizens, including schoolchildren, flexible skills of innovation orientation in the process of innovative universal education.
 It is advisable to ensure that high school students develop psychological and functional readiness to participate in import substitution processes in their future professional activities as a manifestation of active patriotism using the skills of innovation acquired in general education and, in particular, in a specialized school. It would be right for teachers to focus on the formation of the personality of a high school student-innovator using the technologies of informatization of education.

Импортозамещение как фактор инновационного развития экономики России

Introduction. In the modern world, the introduction of innovations is becoming one of the main ways of economic development of both organizations and states. In this regard, the process of switching Russian economy to the innovative way of development acquires special importance. Still in 2011, the Government approved the Strategy for Innovative Development of Russia until 2020: it formulates the goals of the country’s long-term development and indicators that characterize their implementation. Import substitution was identified as one of the key factors contributing to the achievement of these goals. The aim of the work is to study the impact of import substitution on the effectiveness of the implementation of the Strategy for Innovative Development of Russia. Theoretical analysis. Import substitution processes in Russian economy began in the late 1990s. The main reason at that time was the ruble devaluation, due to which the volume of imports in 1998–1999 decreased by more than 30%. Imports replacement became possible by increasing the supply of domestic producers who resumed the use of previously mothballed facilities. According to a number of Russian economists, during this period import substitution was one of the key drivers of GDP and industrial production growth in the country. In the 2000s, import substitution processes began to take on a point-by-point rather than a mass factor: they took place in those industries where Russian enterprises had clear competitive advantages. In 2014, following the implementation of economic sanctions against Russia, the Government adopted a number of measures aimed at intensifying import substitution in the country. Empirical analysis. The text of the strategy identifies import substitution as one of the key factors in the innovative development of the domestic economy. The paper considers the impact of the ongoing policy of import substitution on the achievement of the strategic goals of Russia’s innovative development. A statistical analysis of indicators characterizing the effectiveness of ongoing measures in the field of import substitution and stimulation of innovative development was carried out. Results. According to the results of data statistical analysis, a conclusion is obtained that the target indicators in the field of import substitution have not been achieved: in key sectors of the economy there is still a high dependence on supplies of foreign products. Innovative technologies used by domestic organizations are still mainly of import origin. At the same time, indicators of innovation activity in Russia remain significantly lower than in foreign countries. This situation relates mainly to such factors as lack or shortage of organizations funds, long payback period of investments in innovation, lack of qualified personnel, as well as reduction of opportunities in cooperation with other enterprises and scientific organizations.

Информатика инноватики: путь старшеклассников к будущему участию в процессах импортозамещения

Many high school students will have to participate in import substitution processes in their future professional activities. 
 Import substitution is the creation of goods and services that are in demand by citizens and society, competitive with foreign analogues or superior in quality.
 Only marketable products that meet the needs of citizens and society for sustainable development and self-realization are in demand.
 Innovative products are focused on meeting the needs of citizens and society.
 The creation of innovative goods and services is a controlled process, reproduced according to a specific algorithm, presented in the form of a logistic curve.
 The Federal State Educational Standard of Secondary General Education provides for the formation of high school students' motivation and ability to innovate, as well as the ability to carry out individual innovative projects using education informatization technologies, taking into account the identified needs of citizens and society. 
 This contributes to the formation of the orientation of high school students towards practical patriotic self-realization in the processes of import substitution in their future professional activities.

Institutional constraints and opportunities for public-private partnership development in telemedicine

Subject. The article considers problems of attracting investments into telemedicine in Russia. Objectives. The purpose is to analyze prospects for remote delivery of health care services, assess the legal framework for public-private partnership development in health care. Methods. The study employs methods of institutional analysis and economic statistics. Results. One of the most attractive options for the development of digital health services and telemedicine in Russia in conditions of its economic blockade and limited access to advanced global technologies is the use of public-private partnership mechanisms. There are many major players in the Russian telemedicine market, the software is being improved. Conclusions. To develop telemedicine in Russia, attract investment, including through the mechanisms of PPP, it is required to improve the methodological and regulatory framework in this area, accelerate processes of import substitution of high-tech equipment, implement mechanisms to ensure project payback, consistently solve problems of institutional and market constraints.

Regional and Interregional Planning of Socio-economic Development in the FarEastem Macroregion: Organizational and Methodological Problems and Solutions

In the article, based on the socio-economic specifics and geostrategic significance of the Far Eastern macro-region of the Russian Federation, the issues of improving strategic planning and management at the macro-regional and regional levels are considered. The expediency of including in the system of governing bodies of the Far Eastern macroregion and constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in addition to state structures (federal and regional), interregional public management institutions, by strengthening the powers and resource capabilities of the Associationof economic cooperation of the subjects of the Russian Federation "Far East and Transbaikalia" is substantiated. The possibility of forming an interregional macroregion development fund under the auspices of the association aimed at financing interregional industrial projects is considered. Proposals have been made to create collective interregional planning bodies based on the structures of the Association of Economic Cooperation of the subjects of the Russian Federation "Far East and Transbaikalia". The methodological problem of coordinating the strategic planning documents of the Far Eastern macroregion with the planning documents being developed for the new macroregion of the Russian Federation - the Arctic, which is currently being formed in part of the territory of the Far East. The necessity of updating the system of indicators and indicators used in the planned process, including for a deeper reflection of demographic processes, the dynamics of the labor market and the standard of living of the population, the processes of import substitution and innovative development. A set of economic benefits and advantages for enterprises of the real sector of the economy is proposed, which it is advisable to offer to economic entities to increase their interest in the implementation of macroregional and regional strategies, programs and plans. The importance of further informatization of planned procedures and integration of regional state information systems and databases on the scale of the Far Eastern macroregion was noted.

State-owned and multinational enterprises partnership as an import substitution strategy: A narrative ARDL approach to the case of oil contracts in Argentina (1958–1962)

To avoid balance of payments crises, two Argentine presidents tried to make deals (‘oil contracts’) with multinationals to transfer technology and know-how to YPF, which is a state-owned company in the oil sector. The aim was to substitute imports. The ‘oil nationalism’ doctrine opposed these agreements, arguing that multinational companies threaten national security. In both cases, the story ended in a coup d’état, first in the period 1954/1955 (against President Juan Domingo Perón) and the second in 1962/1963 (against President Arturo Frondizi). Based on a demand-led growth model in small open economies, we show that the process of import substitution led by government agreements with multinational firms can increase national production. Using an original dataset, we corroborate this theoretical result by applying a narrative ARDL approach to the Argentine experience (1958-1962), where a government policy to promote technological transfer from multinational firms to YPF, to substitute imports was in place. We conclude that the oil contracts were successful.

Advanced innovative development of the agro-industrial complex based on the patent information resource

Abstract. Relevance. The article is devoted to the issue of activation of the domestic agro-industrial complex’s (APC) patent and licensing activities as the most important resource of its advanced innovative self-development and effective adaptation to new realities caused by patterns of the large-scale transformational changes in the processes of changing technological setups, as well as the need to minimize unfriendly states’ unprecedented sanctions aimed at restricting access to goods and technologies with a high intellectual component. The study relevance of the forced transfer issue of the agro-industrial complex of rural areas to the intellectual development vector increases sharply due to the insufficient development of methodological tools for assessing the use effectiveness of its intangible assets in terms of achieving strategic goals of ensuring food security and sovereign self-development of the Russian Federation regions. The purpose of the research is to assess the current state and prospects for the transition of Russian APC to an intellectual development vector based on the information resource patent. The main research methods are the following: 1) scientometric analysis of the research’s publication field; 2) data economic and statistical analysis on the state of agriculture in the Russian regions; 3) rating method for assessing agriculture in the Russian regions; 4) ecosystem approach to evaluating the patent activity effectiveness. Results. Special attention in the methodology of the author’s research was paid to the issues of increasing the regional agro-industrial clusters’ patent potential based on an ecosystem approach to intellectual property management. The proposed methodological tools of the study make it possible to timely clarify the priority directions for the new structure formation of the intellectual property ecosystem in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian regions, transfer from managing import substitution processes to proactive import substitution projects management, strengthen territorial integrity and expand the institutions’ range of coordinating high-tech projects and supporting the development of highly intelligent entrepreneurship networks. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in the application of an ecosystem approach in the assessment of the effectiveness in patent activities of APC and agriculture of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as it makes it possible to determine the monetary and institutional factors of their uneven access to competencies of intellectual property management.

Analysis of the resource potential of digitalization in Russian agriculture

The paper is devoted to the study of the results and features of the process of import substitution in agriculture of the Russian Federation. Based on the use of time series analysis methods, calculation of structure indicators, comparison and differentiation indicators, trends were revealed towards an increase in the volume of production of main import-substituting products, a decrease in the share of imports in the resources of products, and an increase in the self-sufficiency ratio for a number of products. Particular attention is paid to the factors that limit the effectiveness of import substitution, such as the insufficient development of breeding and seed production in Russia, the high proportion of intermediate consumption of the cost of digital equipment and software of foreign production, insufficient funding from the government, the low level of income of producers and the unavailability of credit resources for implementation of the transition to modern production technologies in order to increase it on the basis of domestic resources.