Implicit Meanings Research Articles

IMPLICIT EXPRESSION OF UNCERTAINTY IN THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE POSTMODERN FICTION ТEXTS

The article discusses the specificity of implicit representation of uncertainty by means of the English language in the British postmodern literary discourse. The data for analysis was selected from the novels written by I. McEwan, D. Mitchell and D. Lodge. Implicitness is viewed as an inherent feature of language and is a promising object for linguistic analysis, as its mechanisms are unfolded in a new way within the cognitive-discursive paradigm. Within any language, uncertainty is verbalized not only explicitly, but also through a wide range of implicit means. While explicit statements can directly express doubt or lack of certainty, implicit expressions of uncertainty add subtlety and nuance to communication. Uncertainty can be verbalized by various language means in English directly and indirectly. The English language provides a rich array of choices that enable speakers to express uncertainty implicitly. Uncertainty is a key concept of postmodernism, therefore postmodern authors attach great significance to representing it in their texts. Postmodern fiction conveys uncertainty which underlies and shapes the characters’ perception and self-identity via a number of language means and some communicative strategies that are of special interest for our research. The paper analyzes the implicit expression of uncertainty in the British postmodern fiction discourse represented by the novels of I. McEwan, D. Mitchell, D. Lodge. It has been identified that the main language means that the authors opt for are hedging, various means of expressing modality, “vague” expressions, qualifiers, euphemisms, іnterrogative sentences in inner represented speech, filler words, and aposiopesis. The article examines how their usage contributes to the nuanced portrayal of uncertainty in the Englishlanguage fiction, and in what ways the authors combine these means in order to reach their goal – give the readers the impression of the characters’ lack of certainty, hesitation, indeterminacy and doubt. The analysis reveals that these implicit meanings are not directly stated, but are suggested in the wording or can be understood from the context. The writers mostly resort to a combination of various language means that imply the characters’ uncertainty, in order to intensify the implied meanings and to make sure the reader interprets them adequately.

Robust Authentication Analysis of Copyright Images through Deep Hashing Models with Self-supervision

The increased usage of the internet and ICT has posed a significant challenge to protect copyrighted content due to advanced image forgery techniques that make image authentication extremely difficult. The aim of this paper is to establish a binary classification method for determining copyright images from copyright-free ones. A deep hashing model is introduced for an image authentication system, which uses deep learning-based perceptual hashing. Hash codes from a deep hashing model trained with a copyright image dataset are used to identify images. The deep learning model is able to learn features that represent the implicit meaning or structural information of an image. The copyright dataset, which lacks class labels, is trained with deep hashing models with self-supervision. The proposed model is based on an autoencoder or variational autoencoder model and is improved by including convolutional filters, residual blocks, and vision transformer blocks. Experimental results show that the proposed model performs a one-to-one mapping with most stored images and can retrieve related images using image features in hash collisions. The model can find the query image among the top 5 images with comparable hash codes. The results indicate that the proposed deep hashing approach is robust and applicable.

Negotiating Implicit Meaning on the Internet: A Case Study

Negotiating the meaning of words and sentences is a fundamental part of verbal interactions. This essay aims to examine a particular type of negotiation, that relating to the content of presuppositions, which are placed, together with the implicatures, in the phenomena of implicit communication. The research made use of automatic tools for querying empirical data: a database of lexical presupposition triggers for the Italian language, including approximately 20,000 entries (simple lexemes and multiword expressions) and the corpus of Computer Mediated Communication Web2Corpus_it, specifically in its public chat sections, which contains about 300,000 tokens. Quantitative data are provided in relation to the pragmatic function of negotiation, its initiation stage, and the types of presupposition triggers involved. In the context of the media characteristics of chats, which must be considered to discuss the results, the items of implicit meaning negotiation provide corpus-based evidence of the conditions under which presuppositions are available to the receiver’s monitoring of the meaning and consequent possible reaction.

A Pragmatic Analysis of Flouting Maxim Performed by The Main Characters of Radium Girls Movie

A movie becomes a big source for both entertainment or education. Radium Girls is a play written by D. W. Gregory, to be filmed and released in 2018. It is an interesting movie because the story is based on a historical true story that happened in the 1920s. Radium Girls is analyzed by exploring the flouting maxim which appears in the dialogues between the characters of the play and to find out the implicit meaning of the flouting maxim. To find out the flouting maxim uttered by main characters (the girls) in this Radium Girls movie based on the stages found in a narrative circle in this study, the researcher used a descriptive qualitative method. There are 71 utterances employed by the main characters of the Radium Girls movie. They were distributed in flouting maxim of quality; three data, flouting maxim of quantity; thirty-five data, flouting maxim of relation; twenty-one data, and flouting maxim of manner; twelve data. The speech act is used to describe what utterances are intended to do. Declaratory can be used to flout maxim of quantity and maxim of manner. Expressive speech act can be used to flout maxim of quality, maxim of quantity, maxim of relation, and maxim of manner. Assertive can be used to flout all type of maxim while commissive can be used to flout maxim of quantity and maxim of relation. The last, directory can be used to flout maxim of quantity and maxim of relation.

Языковые антиномии В. фон Гумбольдта в аспекте перевода (на материале оригиналов и переводов новелл Э. А. По)

The paper examines W. von Humboldt’s language antinomies in the context of comparative linguistics and translation. It is noted that some issues of modern translation science were identified and ways to solve them were proposed in W. von Humboldt’s linguistic concept. It is argued that when translating literary works, the translator should rely on the language antinomies identified by W. von Humboldt. This research aims to substantiate the necessity to take into account the language antinomies identified by the German scholar W. von Humboldt in translation science, which is motivated by the vector for the most accurate interpretation of the author’s intention chosen by the translator in the course of translation activities. The scientific novelty of the study is accounted for by an attempt to correct the dominant meanings of the original literary texts taking into account the language antinomies identified by W. von Humboldt and to conduct a comparative analysis of the semantic dominants of the English-language originals and their translations. As a result of the study, it has been found that the language antinomies elaborated by the German linguist W. von Humboldt should be taken into account when translating literary texts in order to identify the implicit meanings of the English-language originals and convey them in translations.

IMPROVEMENT OF ENGLISH PRAGMATIC COMPETENCE OF AL-GHOZALI HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

The aim of this community service was to improve students’ English pragmatic competence. The problem of the students found in SMA Al-ghozali was that they often misunderstood the implicit meaning of words. Hence, the students needed to be given a training related to learning English pragmatics. This PkM activity involved 31 students of Al-Ghozali High School located at Jalan Permata No. 19 RT. 06 RW 05, Curug, Gudung Sindur, Bogor, West Java. The stages of training in PkM activities consisted of (1) planning, (2) implementation, and (3) evaluation. At the planning stage, three lecturers and five students of Pamulang University involved prepared a learning method and pre-test. At the implementation stage, the students of Pamulang University provided a training by presenting materials and conducting a discussion on a topic of Implicature. The students collaborated to complete the exercises given by the students of UNPAM team. They carried out correction activity accompanied by the students of UNPAM. The students then competed to answer questions by using games in order to create a fun learning atmosphere. At the evaluation stage, the students carried out post-test. The students of UNPAM concluded the lesson and closed the training session at the end of the training. The average scores of the pre-test and post-test increased from 48.1 to 72.9 or 51.5 %. It can be said that the students’ English Pragmatics competency increases.

Beyond a literacy model for psychiatry in the mass media.

Professional statements suggest that psychiatrists engage in media work to supply a general audience with medical knowledge informed by relevant professional expertise. However, media work may be motivated by interests other than disinterested service to the well-being of the public, such as fame, money and a platform for one's wider views. The role of media psychiatrist is also crucially shaped by the unpredictable needs of a complex media ecology and marketplace. Furthermore, the properties of the media, and different forms within them, bring implicit meanings such as the wider authorisation of therapeutic self-reflection or the promotion of para-social intimacy. Finally, the media psychiatrist may function as an entrepreneur, converting the currency of celebrity into new forms of cultural, social and political capital. Professional guidelines for media work should be updated in light of such observations.

Rhetoric Ambiguity: A Pragmatic Study on Selected Poetic Excerpts

Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the rhetoric ambiguity which results from the semantic senses that morphologically similar words have and analyzes some selected poetic excerpts rhetorically and pragmatically.
 Methods: A descriptive-analytical approach was used to achieve the aim of the study; by applying the mechanisms of pragmatic theory to uncover the implicit meanings and the deep structure of poetry. Thus, the study analyzes these excerpts in light of the speech acts theory, the implicature theory, the conversational implicature, and contextuality. The study covers two frameworks: a theoretical one in which we define rhetoric ambiguity, and a procedural one in which some poetic examples are analyzed.
 Results: The findings indicated that pragmatics is very effective for analyzing the poetic examples, and for uncovering the implicit meanings and the deep structure of poetry, especially in the case of elliptical ambiguity. Moreover, metaphor types that encompass ambiguity differ according to the context. Finally, the study also found that there are rhetorical purposes and implicatures that are determined according to the speech acts in light of the rhetoric ambiguity.
 Conclusions: The study recommended carrying out more research about the field of Arabic rhetoric according to the data of new rhetoric (the argument theory). It also recommends casting light on the old rhetoric terms and involoves convincing objectives that make it possible to study and testify according to the argument and pragmatic theories

Exploring Semantics and the Utilization of Figurative Language in the Song Lyrics of “21 Guns” by Green Day

Translation serves multiple purposes, encompassing the expression of emotions, the conveyance of ideas, and the ability to influence others. Figurative language plays a significant role in communicating feelings through the songs we encounter in our daily lives. This study adopts a descriptive qualitative approach to investigate this phenomenon. Content analysis is employed as the analytical technique, aiming to identify the distinct characteristics of messages conveyed through songs and the utilization of figurative language, such as metaphors, hyperboles, similes, euphemisms, and personifications. The findings reveal that the majority of lyrics within the song “21 Guns” contain implicit and profound meanings related to the physical and psychological impacts of war, including the destruction of homes and the loss of soldiers' lives. Furthermore, the song employs a diverse range of language styles, incorporating hyperbole and personification, which contribute to its captivating and meaningful nature

THE USE OF MEDIA TEXTS IN THE BUSINESS KAZAKH LANGUAGE

The rationale of this study proceeds from the need to teach business language on the example of analyzing a business media text from the point of view of pragmatic-professional and linguistic orientation, considering a high level of student interest in improving business communication skills. The aim of this research is to study the scope and resources of business media texts in terms of vocabulary replenishment and formation of text analytics skills, including the author's narrative strategies through explicit and implicit meanings, hypertext links, and tone of expression. The methodological framework of this work is based on the theoretical understanding of interdisciplinary research in the field of media linguistics, comparative study of business and economic languages, structural and linguistic analysis of business media text, analysis of topics, micro topics, and key structural elements. This article proposes a methodology for analyzing text from the business field in order to form the pragma-communicative competence of students in Kazakhstani universities. It also suggests strategies for effective text analytics by structuring the stages and considering the implementation of a certain stage by the teacher on professional practice, focuses on explicit and implicit components, narratological features, the study of terminological characteristics, the lexical base for the implementation of professional activities and further implementation in the field of business communication. The materials used in this work can be applied to form new templates for media text analytics, study business language, develop technologies based on machine learning, compile terminographic sources and data corpora for teaching business language to students, introduce automatic mechanisms for the implementation of text analytics into practice, form the stages of media text analysis and develop new promising methods for the implementation of linguistic learning.

Манипулятивные приемы в кликбейтных заголовках интернет-СМИ

The paper deals with manipulative means in clickbait headlines of online media. The aim of the article is to distinguish and examine the used in implicit clickbaits manipulative means which help to cultivate the reader’s interest and make them pass to the article. The relevance of the current investigation is determined by a wide spread of clickbaits in media cyberspace, the users’ negative attitude to them and their constant evolvement for concealment and formal conformation to the criteria of non-blocked headlines. The analysed material comprises the clickbait headlines in online media whose announcements are presented on large Russian news aggregators. The material was selected within 2018-2022. The overall number of investigated materials is 3050 units. The material is analysed using such methods as introspection, conceptual modelling, unselected and purposive samplings and interpretative analysis. The analysed material shows that according to the degree of connection with the article clickbat headlines can be divided into 4 types: 1) clickbait headlines of “universal” wording applicable to texts with any content; 2) clickbait headlines which are not connected with the content of the article, 3) clickbait headlines connected with the content of the article via their non-sensational parts; 4) clickbait headlines reflecting the content of the article. Three first types are considered obvious clickbaits while the last one is an implicit clickbait. The manipulative means which give an opportunity to make a clickbait implicit include manipulation with word meanings, stylistic and grammatical manipulations, provoking logical mistakes, reticence, overstatement, neglecting the time factor, taking a statement out of context, substitution of concepts, assimilation of headlines to typical associations.

If images could speak: A social semiotics analysis of gender representation in science textbook images

ABSTRACT Textbooks use images, in addition to text, for delivering knowledge, thereby convey attitudes and values of students including those on gender bias. The gender bias presented in textbook images affects in subtle ways the students’ learning outcomes, career choices, and how they perceive science. However, prior research has relied on explicit information presented by textbook images of several subjects to investigate gender representation, overlooking the implicit meaning behind images with a very limited attention to science textbooks. Therefore, this study uses the social semiotic framework to analyse the implicit meaning that images convey related to gender representation in Chinese and Egyptian science textbooks. Specifically, four (two for each country) science textbooks of grade nine were coded and analysed. The findings revealed that gender gap still exists in the images of both Chinese and Egyptian science textbooks. Specifically, females were less represented in the textbook images compared to males, and their role was mostly a caring role. Notably, unlike the Chinese females and the common gender stereotype, Egyptian females were represented in a more active and powerful way compared to males. The findings of this study could help in better designing science textbook images to reduce gender bias.

Explaining the distribution of implicit means of misrepresentation: A case study on Italian immigration discourse

This study analyzes Fillmore's frames in a large corpus of Italian news headlines concerning migrations, dating from 2013 to 2021 and taken from newspapers of diverse ideological stances. Our goal is to assess whether, how, and why migrants' representation varies over time and across ideological stances. Our approach combines corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis with cognitive linguistics. We present a new methodology that exploits SocioFillmore, a tool integrating a novel Natural Language Processing model for automatic frame annotation into a web-based user interface for exploring frame-annotated corpora. In our corpus, the frequency distribution of frames varies over time according to detectable contextual factors. Across political stances, instead, the most frequent frames remain more constant: both right-winged and left-winged news providers contribute to reifying migrants into non-agentive entities. Further, in religious (Christian) press migrants are given a more humanizing depiction, but they still often appear in non-agentive roles. The distributions of frames can be explained by the fact that the latter act as indirect, routinized, and implicit means of (mis)representation. We suggest that framing entails inferential operations that take place unconsciously and can therefore escape the cognitive screening not only of those who receive discourse, but also of those who (re)produce it.

СИНТАКСИЧЕСКИЕ СРЕДСТВА ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ КАТЕГОРИИ ИНАКОСТИ В АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНОМ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОМ ТЕКСТЕ

The article focuses on some of the English syntactical structures in fiction that manifest the category of alterity, a constituent category for cognitive and communicative processes. Not being a grammar category, alterity is viewed as an implicit communication category, rendered within its categorical properties. On account of alterity being made explicit through a definite use of syntactic means, it is possible to decode the implicit meanings and latent properties of the characters’ verbal and non-verbal communication.

Makna Naga Dalam Iklan Marjan 2023 “Baruna Sang Penjaga Samudera”

Advertising is one of the mass communication media in the form of visual, audio, writing, or a combination of audio-visual. As with any communication in general, every advertisement must have an implicit or explicit meaning contained therein which is addressed to the public. Marajan as one of the syrup products in Indonesia, often makes advertisements that are full of meaning with attractive packaging. The purpose of this study is to find out the meaning of the dragon in Marjan 2023 advertisement "Baruna Sang Guardian of the Ocean" by using a qualitative descriptive theory approach and Roland Barthes' Semiotics theory which interprets something based on the denotative and connotative meanings of signifiers, signifieds and signs that exist in an object. The results of this study indicate that the dragon in the ad refers to a social disaster caused by humans who often throw plastic waste into the ocean.

LE SENS CONNOTATIF A TRAVERS L’EPITHALAME NANDE : CAS DE LA COMMUNE DE KAYNA AU SUD DU TERRITOIRE DE LUBERO

The present study went from a fundemental question that consisted of some mechanism which should depictan allow people to discover the implicit and explicit meanings tha are hidden in epithalamium oral of oral literature.
 Taking into account the same question, this work tried to provide the reader with a given number of strategies and methods, especially literary ones that can help people to know the hidden meanings that are conveyed in nuptial songs that are from Nande.
 It also helps or aims at describing the style which is used by Nande community to teach and and give pieces of advice to people who are concerned with the wedding ceremony. This study aims also at helping people to render authentic their weddings by respecting all the legal steps required everywhere in the society, in the church and family.
 From different approaches, like stylistic, thematic and semiotic and some technics, we have discovered that epithalamiums are educational and relavant in the society;
 We reached this level after investigation and interview that proved us that through out four musical songs and stanzas of irregular measures, the literal and literary interpretation gave us some samples composed of great stylistic figures of speach like metaphor, metonyny, synecdoche, etc.
 We also discovered some themes that deal with moral, hospitality,patience, basic education, social integration, responsibility, relationship of spouses and the share of enheritance. Apart from all given above, we also discovered the social - cultural value that is embodied in the clan, the society, the community and the ancestral traditions.

The semiotic and modern hermeneutic review of the online Covid-19 public service advertisement texts

The Indonesian government works closely with other agencies to intensely campaign for the movement against the virus corona in various ways, one of which is through Public Service Advertisements (PSAs). PSAs have verbal and non-verbal elements that contain meanings, both explicit and implicit meanings. This article aims to analyze three samples of PSAs concerning Covid-19 retrieved from three online website media, namely (1) the website of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia; (2) Republika online; and (3) Kompas.com. This research was conducted using qualitative descriptive methods referring to the semiotic theory developed by Roland Barthes and Charles Sanders Peirce, and the modern hermeneutics theory developed by Paul Ricoeur. The analysis of the PSAs in this study was focused on verbal texts, while non-verbal texts were not analyzed deeply. From the three PSAs analyzed, the study found that the explicit meanings lying in the PSAs were to fight the coronavirus by complying with health protocols. Meanwhile, implicitly, the PSAs imply that the Indonesian people are under threat of death, the coronavirus is not a lie, nor is it a conspiracy.

Передача имплицитных смыслов при переводе поэзии Луизы Глюк (на материале сборника The Wild Iris)

The research aims to identify the ways of conveying implicit meanings in the translation of Louise Glück’s collection of poems ‘The Wild Iris’ from English into German, French, and Russian. In order to attain the research aim, at the first stage, the implicit meanings of the original material are identified; at the second stage, the ways of conveying these implicit meanings in the translations into the said languages are analysed; at the third stage, the conclusions about the ratio of implicit preservation to non-preservation in the compared languages are made. All the provisions the authors put forward are illustrated with examples from the sources of the material under study and supported by statistical calculations. The final paragraph of the paper outlines the possible prospects for further understanding of the stated translation problem. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the comprehensive study of the phenomenon of implicitness in the linguistic and translation aspects using the material of a poetic work in genetically and typologically similar and different languages. As a result, the researchers have determined the ways of conveying the implicitness of the source material in the translations, as well as the reasons for the use of certain translation strategies.

IDIOMATIC POTENTIAL OF ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY AND ITS ROLE IN DEVELOPING ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY

The article examines the idiomatic features of anatomical terminology in modern English. The authors emphasize that understanding and correct use of idiomatic expressions is an indicator of in-depth knowledge of a foreign language and an important element in preparing for international English language exams, in particular, with the aim of recognizing implicit meanings (C1 – Advanced, C2 – Proficiency levels). It has been noted that mastering idiomatic expressions constitute one of the most difficult challenges for speakers of other languages, therefore it requires additional attention during the foreign language training of students. Based on the analysis and systematization of lexicographic sources (The Oxford Dictionary of Idioms, A Dictionary of 3800 Picturesque Idiomatic Expressions, and McGraw-Hill's Dictionary of American Idioms and Phrasal Verbs), it has been shown that anatomical terminology has significant idiomatic potential and is widely reflected in the figurative language of modern English. The study has revealed 628 idioms based on 52 anatomical terms, among which the lexemes “head”, “hand”, “eye”, “heart” and “foot” have the most productive idiomatic potential, forming the core of 75, 70, 53, 46 and 43 idioms respectively. The developed corpus of anatomical idioms has been organized for meaningful and accessible use in the educational process at a medical university. Familiarizing students with English anatomical idioms in the course of ESP training contributes to the development of student's interest and motivation in learning a foreign language, broadening their outlook, and ensuring an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of English figurative language, which is the key to successfully passing international proficiency tests and communicating in a foreign language environment.

Stylistic Analysis on the story of the Qur'an

This study aims to examine the story of Ratu Saba in terms of plot, setting, characters, even the narrative style of the story of Ratu Saba contained in the Al-Qur'an An-Naml from verses 20 to 44. literary criticism through heuristic and retroactive reading so that the implicit meaning behind the story of Ratu Saba can be found, especially regarding women's leadership in the Qur'an. The study was studied using a qualitative content analysis research method with a stylistic approach and literary criticism as part of Stylistics. As for data collection, using library research. The writer traces and collects related verses, then analyzes the form of language contained in the verse. The problems that arise in this research are born from the problematic portrait of women's political leadership which is still considered taboo by some people, but in fact access to take part politically for women is wide open. The results of this study indicate that the results of a review of the elements of balaghah science in this story contain elements of bayan, badi and ma'ani. In addition, after carrying out literary criticism through semantic analysis, it can be concluded that the story of the Queen of Saba contained in Surat An-Naml verses 20-44 contains wisdom that there is equality (egality) between men and women in terms of leadership and faith in Allah SWT. . In addition, this story has quite high literary value, so that its form and content can be analyzed based on the rules that are usually owned by a literary work, moreover this story is contained in Holy Qur’an.