Implicit Intention Research Articles

Co-GAT: A Co-Interactive Graph Attention Network for Joint Dialog Act Recognition and Sentiment Classification

In a dialog system, dialog act recognition and sentiment classification are two correlative tasks to capture speakers’ intentions, where dialog act and sentiment can indicate the explicit and the implicit intentions separately. The dialog context information (contextual information) and the mutual interaction information are two key factors that contribute to the two related tasks. Unfortunately, none of the existing approaches consider the two important sources of information simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a Co-Interactive Graph Attention Network (Co-GAT) to jointly perform the two tasks. The core module is a proposed co-interactive graph interaction layer where a cross-utterances connection and a cross-tasks connection are constructed and iteratively updated with each other, achieving to consider the two types of information simultaneously. Experimental results on two public datasets show that our model successfully captures the two sources of information and achieve the state-of-the-art performance. In addition, we find that the contributions from the contextual and mutual interaction information do not fully overlap with contextualized word representations (BERT, Roberta, XLNet).

Electroencephalography-Based Intention Monitoring to Support Nuclear Operators’ Communications for Safety-Relevant Tasks

The safe operation of a nuclear power plant (NPP) can be guaranteed through the team effort of operators in the main control room (MCR). Among the various features, peer checks, concurrent verification, independent verification, and communication reconfirmation are major contributors to effective operations in the MCR. In the digital MCR environment of advanced NPPs, there are potential emerging issues of concern related to these contributors resulting from the use of PC-soft controls for reactor operations. The objective of this study is to investigate the development of quantitative indicators for estimating the implicit intentions of reactor operators as a way to mitigate such concerns. The proposed quantitative indicators support peer checks and concurrent/independent verifications for diagnosing and preventing human errors through communication enhancement in a digital technology-based MCR. A machine learning–based algorithm was used to classify two implicit intentions of agreement and disagreement. The classification was based on electroencephalography data measured from human subjects while they performed mock operational tasks using soft controls. The mock operational tasks were based on using a Windows-based nuclear plant performance analyzer (Win-NPA). Statistical analysis was performed on the measured data to identify significant differences between the agreement and disagreement judgments by the operators. An average classification accuracy of 72% was achieved by using a support vector machine classifier for the Win-NPA task with a low number of features across the various Brodmann areas. The methodology proposed in this study may also serve to enhance communications in conventional MCRs for human error minimization.

Future orientation in successful therapies: Expanding the concept of goal in the working alliance.

To better understand how therapists facilitate client goal attainment in therapy, we analyzed therapists' future-oriented actions in good outcome cases in which clients recorded high ratings on goal items in the Working Alliance Inventory-Short Revised. We selected clients who were within the clinical range (OQ-45.2) at pretreatment, demonstrated reliable change at the end of treatment, and recorded high WAI client goals scores early in treatment. Qualitative analyses of transcripts of the initial three sessions and client posttreatment interviews were integrated into a combined analysis to identify themes across the two separate sets of findings. Therapist future-oriented activity included: (1) Picking up explicit and implicit intentions; (2) using linguistic devices, such as meta-communication, action language, and hedging; (3) using evocative interventions; and (4) nudging the client into practicing change. Core finding: Therapists aligned with clients' directionality in a forward-driven, gradually evolving process. Conceptual and clinical implications are discussed.

El "ethos" discursivo del Inca Garcilaso a través del Análisis Crítico del Discurso

El propósito del artículo es examinar cómo el Inca Garcilaso de la Vega construye su ethos discursivo en Los comentarios reales de los incas y cuáles eran las intenciones implícitas de su proyecto. Siguiendo la metodología del Análisis Crítico del Discurso, este trabajo lleva a cabo un estudio de los elementos deícticos ‘otro’, ‘yo’, ‘tú’, ‘nosotros’ inclusivo. Los resultados explican que esta obra historiográfica puede entenderse, gracias a la retórica del autor, más bien como una sutil invitación a la búsqueda colectiva de justicia y armonía entre las culturas andina y occidental.

The Rise of the Roboid

The aim of this paper is to analyze a new phenomenon that is emerging in the field of social robotics, which we name as “roboid”. The roboid is a robot that is still at the prototype stage but claims to be fully functioning. We argue that the roboid has been created to handle a new phase between the prototyping and the commercialization of robots. In this intermediate phase, a wide-spread promotional campaign is organized by robot producers, with the purpose of understanding the desires, needs, and suggestions of potential customers. We present the first case of a a highly human-like roboid named Sophia. We carried out the visual analysis of the content and the content-agnostic factors of a selection of 15 videos uploaded on YouTube on the social robot Sophia and a qualitative analysis of the textual component of these videos to investigate a selected part of the promotional campaign on Sophia. Furthermore, on the 23,810 comments that users have posted on these videos, we applied quantitative analysis to explore the observers’ opinions about Sophia. Results highlight that: (1) a powerful but potentially ridiculous narrative has been used to build the rhetoric of Sophia; (2) the comments on the videos are too poor to enable a co-construction of this social robot with the audiences (implicit intention of Hanson Robotics); (3) the introduction of the roboid might be a very good solution to reduce the uncertainties that may occur when a new robot moves directly from the laboratory to the market.

Empirical reconstruction of learning progressions based on teachers’ tagging of didactic metadata

In their enactment of the curriculum, teachers have a substantial role as instructional designers. Accordingly, any evaluation of the progression of students’ learning should first be concerned with the pedagogical intentions of the teacher. In this article we present a method for reconstructing teachers’ implicit and tacit considerations in their selection, sequencing and enactment of tasks. Two 11th grade teachers tagged all of the tasks that comprised a 5-week learning progression. Tagging consisted of assigning values to prescribed categories of metadata. Visual representations of the metadata revealed patterns in the tagged progressions, and allowed the teachers to reflect upon these patterns. Both teachers, though guided by very different didactical considerations, validated that many of their explicit and implicit intentions were revealed in the representations of the progressions. Furthermore, both teachers had the opportunity to reflect on tacit aspects of their instructional design that they were not previously aware of.

Guido Bentivoglios „Della Guerra di Fiandra“ und die europäische Zeitgeschichtsschreibung über den niederländischen Aufstand (1596–1648)

Abstract This essay offers a complete analysis and contextualization of Guido Bentivoglio’s contemporary history „Della Guerra di Fiandra”. The comparison with works by historians from the Netherlands, France and Italy, also translated into several languages, on the uprising of the provinces of the northern Netherlands, reveals similarities in composition, stylistic devices, communication with readers and their explicit or implicit individual intentions: they wished to influence current politics. In contrast to the others, Bentivoglio did not write a history book that could be verified by many sources, but a political and military textbook for readers, whom he wished to instruct and delight with classical stylistic devices, situationally used sentences and fictional speeches. With his combination of res gestae with res fictae he created a variant of contemporary history.

The Turnover Intention among Grassroots Family Planning Staff in the Context of China's Universal Two-Child Policy: A Case Study of the Xi'an City.

The introduction of the universal two-child policy in 2016 marked a major social transition in China and raised a requirement for family planning services; however, the turnover in family planning staff poses a challenge to satisfying the requirement. Thus far, after implementation of the policy, there have been few surveys investigating turnover intention and the underlying motivations in grassroots family planning staff, the major component of China’s family planning system. A survey conducted in Xi’an in 2019 shows that nearly one in three grassroots members had an explicit or implicit turnover intention. Basically consistent with our conceptual framework, the structural equation modeling further indicates that the affective organizational commitment had the largest direct effect on turnover intention and also partly mediated effects of other significant factors (ranked by the size of total effect): Age, specific job satisfactions (i.e., satisfactions with job prospects, relationship with colleagues, and working environment), frequency of working overtime, length of service, and opportunity of professional training. As predicted, turnover behavior in colleagues also directly affected turnover intention in such staff. The above findings have important policy implications for the sustainable development of family planning work in China.

REVOLUTIONARY UNDERPINNINGS IN POETRY: A STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF OSUNDARE’S THE EYE OF THE EARTH

Language, whether written or spoken, is used for different purposes by man. The textual function of language makes it possible for writers especially poets to lend their voice to local, national and international matters of interest through written poetry. In most cases, poetry functions more than being just a mirror to the society; it has the implicit intent of causing a change, thus, it is underpinned with criticisms that could incite revolution in readers which could upturn the status quo. The intention is to awaken readers to the reality and to critically engage their mind in order to make a rethink so as to see the ‘evil’ behind the ‘good’ in the society. The data for analysis were purposively selected from Osundare’s poetry collection The Eye of the Earth. Stylistics was deployed as the theoretical framework to analyse the selected data while, Blending Theory was deployed to unearth the meaning-making process in the analysed data. From the analysis, different stylistic devices used such as simile, rhetorical question, metaphor, parallelism etc. reveal societal ills and condemn apathy in readers with the aim of inciting revolution towards having an egalitarian society. The study found out that new meaning is created through blending of concepts from different input spaces. A general and common ground is derived from the input spaces which are used to derive new meaning. This linguistic dexterity is intended by the poet to project his message to readers in a subtle way. The study concluded that Osundare’s The Eye of the Earth contains implicit revolutionary nuances aimed at motivating readers to rise against the injustices in the society towards achieving an egalitarian society. Also, the poet decries man’s injurious activities to nature and opts for preservation of natural endowments thus, the aim of this study is achieved which is to unearth the revolutionary nuances embedded in the selected and analysed data. Apart from its contribution to existing literature especially in communication, this study presents a methodology and a theoretical framework that is helpful in the appreciation of literary writings.

Strategies for Defusing Contemporary Weapons in the Ongoing War Against Xicanx Children and Youth

The historical mistreatment of Xicanx (pronounced CHEE or SHE-canx) communities is rooted in nativism and white supremacist ideology that is inextricably linked to the conquest of the Americas and the creation of the United States. The subsequent multiple demonizing forces and ideology emanating from these origins have resulted in quantifiable educational casualties of Xicanx children and youth. In the wake of these forces, Xicanx experiences derived from qualitative studies give voice to how they attempt to fulfill their parents’ aspirations while navigating hostile projections upon their communities, their culture, and their identity. Left unchecked, adverse explicit and implicit intentions turn their school campuses into psychological battle grounds. School psychologists possess unique skills and are situated to establish trust with Xicanx communities, and advocate for Xicanx students (by employing strategies that buffer the impact of debilitating forces), rallying other school faculty and administrators to intercede, and ultimately promoting successful outcomes in the face of entrenched forces of nativism and white supremacy. This article will provide a historical context that explains the embeddedness of violence against the Xicanx community but builds upon the hope and promise of children and families who seek to make the US their home and refuge.

CISK: An interactive framework for conceptual inference based spatial keyword query

Spatial keyword query is an important technique for recommending users their desired POIs in self-driving services. Inferring query intention has been recognized as an important yet challenging issue for spatial keyword search. However, existing methods are inadequate to discover qualified results due to the inability to capture the intention of short-text input keywords. In this paper, we adopt a conceptual inference based method to deduce implicit intentions of users and thus are able to find more meaningful answers. Firstly, a locality-aware inference model is designed to generate concepts by considering typicality, granularity and spatial distribution, taking into account the hypernym–hyponym relationships in knowledge graphs. Afterwards, we propose a novel interactive framework to learn conceptual preferences for users, by using k-skyband to prune unpromising objects at the beginning and employing dense subgraph to select promising candidates in each interaction round. After a small number of rounds of learning, all objects can be rationally ordered by a user’s personalized ranking function which is unknown in advance. Empirical study on two real datasets demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed conceptual inference and preference learning based methods.

DCR-Net: A Deep Co-Interactive Relation Network for Joint Dialog Act Recognition and Sentiment Classification

In dialog system, dialog act recognition and sentiment classification are two correlative tasks to capture speakers' intentions, where dialog act and sentiment can indicate the explicit and the implicit intentions separately (Kim and Kim 2018). Most of the existing systems either treat them as separate tasks or just jointly model the two tasks by sharing parameters in an implicit way without explicitly modeling mutual interaction and relation. To address this problem, we propose a Deep Co-Interactive Relation Network (DCR-Net) to explicitly consider the cross-impact and model the interaction between the two tasks by introducing a co-interactive relation layer. In addition, the proposed relation layer can be stacked to gradually capture mutual knowledge with multiple steps of interaction. Especially, we thoroughly study different relation layers and their effects. Experimental results on two public datasets (Mastodon and Dailydialog) show that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art joint model by 4.3% and 3.4% in terms of F1 score on dialog act recognition task, 5.7% and 12.4% on sentiment classification respectively. Comprehensive analysis empirically verifies the effectiveness of explicitly modeling the relation between the two tasks and the multi-steps interaction mechanism. Finally, we employ the Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformer (BERT) in our framework, which can further boost our performance in both tasks.

From subjectivity to subjunctivity in children’s performatives: Peirce’s endoporeutic principle

Abstract Peirce’s treatment of index as seme, pheme, and delome supplies convincing explanatory support for gestural performatives. His semiotics evidences how non-symbolic signs can present, urge, and submit propositions, absent more conventional signs. Peirce uses index as a powerful agent to establish and highlight the implicit intentions pregnant within communicative acts, especially obviated in the interpretants which unfold in intra- and intersubjective exchanges. This inquiry explores the ontogeny of children’s prelinguistic gestures and posits, as does Austin, that these acts alone qualify as performatives given their communicative purpose. These indexical gestures are so foundational to proposition-making that they imply predicates and ultimately scaffold the construction of arguments. In fact, the propositions and arguments that index (shapes implicitly or explicitly) facilitate social ends as articulated in Peirce’s endoporeutic principle. This endoporeutic principle materializes when sign producers influence interpreters, urging them to adopt or recommending that they adopt proposed propositions/arguments housed in gestural sequences (performatives). What these early performative gestures ultimately exemplify is a social, subjunctive effect. This incorporates the Peircean principle of “submitting,” not compelling (to the mind of another for adoption), potential habits of mind.

A Neuroscientific Approach to Explore Consumers’ Intentions Towards Sustainability within the Luxury Fashion Industry

Little is presently known about customers’ expectations and the unspoken relevant factors which lead them to prefer or not sustainable luxury products. This study aimed to deepen the understanding of luxury consumers’ implicit intentions towards sustainability by using, for the first time, a neuroscientific approach applied to the luxury fashion domain. A greater cortical activity related to cognitive and emotional aspects was hypothesized for luxury sustainability-oriented consumers than for non-sustainability-oriented subjects when presented with sustainability-related cues. Sixteen luxury consumers were divided into two groups according to their sensitivity towards sustainability issues. They were asked to observe a set of 10 stimuli depicting sustainability issues and then to interact with a salesperson while their cortical activity was recorded by an electroencephalogram (EEG). Frequency band analysis revealed higher levels of beta, delta, and theta band EEG activity in temporoparietal than frontocentral areas when observing pictures related to sustainability and a specific right temporoparietal theta band activation for the Nonsustainable Group. An increased level of knowledge of sustainability themes was confirmed by the correct detection of stimuli valence and a significant presence of delta power when the salesperson explained the brand’s sustainable policy. The specific brain responses related to sensitivity towards sustainability and the different effect of knowledge on sustainability topics based on group differences are discussed here in light of emotional behavior.

User Preferences in Intelligent Environments

ABSTRACTIntelligent Environments and other Computer Science sub-fields based on the concepts of context and context-awareness are created with the explicit or implicit intention of providing services which are satisfying to the intended users of those environments. This article discusses the pragmatic importance of Preferences within the process of developing Intelligent Environments as a conceptual tool to achieve that system-user alignment and we also look at the practical challenges of implementing different aspects of the concept of Preferences. This study is not aimed at providing a definitive solution, rather to assess the advantages and disadvantages of different available options with the view to inform the next wave of developments in the area.

Bi-directional navigation intent communication using spatial augmented reality and eye-tracking glasses for improved safety in human–robot interaction

Abstract Safety, legibility and efficiency are essential for autonomous mobile robots that interact with humans. A key factor in this respect is bi-directional communication of navigation intent, which we focus on in this article with a particular view on industrial logistic applications. In the direction robot-to-human, we study how a robot can communicate its navigation intent using Spatial Augmented Reality (SAR) such that humans can intuitively understand the robot’s intention and feel safe in the vicinity of robots. We conducted experiments with an autonomous forklift that projects various patterns on the shared floor space to convey its navigation intentions. We analyzed trajectories and eye gaze patterns of humans while interacting with an autonomous forklift and carried out stimulated recall interviews (SRI) in order to identify desirable features for projection of robot intentions. In the direction human-to-robot, we argue that robots in human co-habited environments need human-aware task and motion planning to support safety and efficiency, ideally responding to people’s motion intentions as soon as they can be inferred from human cues. Eye gaze can convey information about intentions beyond what can be inferred from the trajectory and head pose of a person. Hence, we propose eye-tracking glasses as safety equipment in industrial environments shared by humans and robots. In this work, we investigate the possibility of human-to-robot implicit intention transference solely from eye gaze data and evaluate how the observed eye gaze patterns of the participants relate to their navigation decisions. We again analyzed trajectories and eye gaze patterns of humans while interacting with an autonomous forklift for clues that could reveal direction intent. Our analysis shows that people primarily gazed on that side of the robot they ultimately decided to pass by. We discuss implications of these results and relate to a control approach that uses human gaze for early obstacle avoidance.

Both the mirror and the affordance systems might be impaired in adults with high autistic traits. Evidence from EEG mu and beta rhythms.

The association of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with an altered mirror neuron system is still controversial. At the same time, the processing of object affordances by persons with ASD is a neglected issue. In this electroencephalographic study, adults differing in their autism quotient (AQ) scores were selected. We found anomalous modulation of mu and beta rhythms in high-AQ, compared to low-AQ persons, while they watched a set of goal-directed manual actions. This confirms that observing actions involving implicit intentions most clearly reveals the impairment of the mirror neurons system (MNS). The high-AQ group also showed anomalous mu and beta modulation when they looked at pictures of manipulable objects, indicating a deficit in processing motor affordances. We conclude that high-AQ adults have neural impairment of both the MNS and the affordance systems, which could underlie their relational problems with both people and objects. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1032-1042. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Adults with autistic traits (high-autism quotient [AQ] scores) and matched controls (low-AQ) observed intentional hand actions, and pictures of manipulable and non-manipulable objects. The high-AQ group compared to the control group, showed anomalous modulation of the electroencephalographic motoric rhythms (mu and beta) while observing familiar goal-directed actions, confirming an impairment of their mirror neuron system. Also, their brain rhythms were anomalous when they watched manipulable objects, which suggest a dysfunction in their relation with objects (affordance system).

Ethnic Harmony in BP Koirala's Sumnima

Sumnima, a novel written by Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala (BP Koirala in short), has raised voice for social integration through harmonious relationship among the ethnic groups. But it is read as the presentation of binary between Aryan and Kirat cultures, highlighting differences in belief systems, rites, rituals, and day to day lifestyle that create misunderstanding, conflict, and problems among the people of different cultural groups. The main objective of studying the novel, in this article, is to find how the novelist offers an opportunity to the readers to realize the ideas and benefits of harmony among the divergent ethnic communities living in Nepal or elsewhere through understanding differences and celebrating the diversity. Theoretical insights of ethnicity have been used to analyze the primary text. The article argues, taking the reference of the novel, that ethnic misunderstandings and conflicts can be solved by understanding cultural norms and values of others. The article also examines and analyzes how the relations without understanding cannot prosper even within the same ethnic group but love and understanding makes the life beautiful no matter which tribe or ethnicity the people belong to. The implicit intention of the novelist in the novel is that in a culturally diverse society, mutual understanding, compromise, and respect of difference make the society a ‘salad bowl’ that works better than trying to make it a ‘melting pot’.

Implicit Coordination: Acting Quasi-Jointly on Implicit Shared Intentions

AbstractWe identify a social phenomenon in which large numbers of people seem to work towards a shared goal without explicitly trying to do so. We argue that this phenomenon – implicit coordination – is best understood as a form of joint agency differing from the forms most commonly discussed in the literature in the same way that individual actions driven by “explicit” intentions (those available for reflection and report) differ from individual actions driven by “implicit” intentions (those not thus available). More precisely, implicit coordination is both analogous to wholly implicit individual intentions, and constituted by the partly implicit intentions of participants. We discuss the significance of this category for action theory, social ontology, and social criticism.

The Concept of Famous Painting in the Tang Dynasty: The Case of Zhang Yanyuan’s Lidai minghua ji

AbstractThis essay offers a critical reflection on the central concept of “famous painting” as expounded in Zhang Yanyuan’s Lidai minghua ji (历代名画记, A Record of Famous Paintings of All Dynasties). Building upon the past scholarship, this essay will proceed in the following three steps. I propose to distinguish the concept of “famous painting” from the common understanding of painting. I argue that it is the former that plays a central role in the entire text of the Lidai minghua ji. As a result of this new approach, I will outline an intentional and discernable structure formed by the fifteen essays in the first three books. I proceed with discussing the relationship between famous paintings and famous painters so as to demonstrate Zhang Yanyuan’s implicit intention and considerations in selecting and evaluating painters and their works. Finally, I examine the basic formats of famous painting and further elucidate the historical dimension embedded within the concept of famous painting that constituted and changed the very idea under consideration.