Implications For Corporate Governance Research Articles

Promoters to Persons in Control: Examining the Regulatory Landscape and its Implications for Corporate Governance.

Promoters to Persons in Control: Examining the Regulatory Landscape and its Implications for Corporate Governance.

The Influence of Internal Control Quality on Corporate Financial Performance: An Empirical Analysis based on Panel Quantile Regression Model

This study delves into the relationship between internal control quality and the financial performance of Chinese-listed corporations. Employing a distinctive research approach featuring panel quantile regression, this study meticulously examines data spanning the period from 2011 to 2020, encompassing 953 Chinese-listed entities. The analysis, in comparison to conventional methods such as ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and fixed-effects models, consistently reveals a robust and statistically significant positive correlation between internal control quality and corporate financial performance. Notably, the findings of the panel quantile regression bring to the forefront a nuanced perspective, elucidating an enhancing effect of internal control quality on Return on Assets. Nevertheless, this effect diminishes as one ascends the quantile distribution, elucidating varying degrees of influence contingent upon the internal control quality spectrum. These findings underscore the pivotal role of effective internal control systems in augmenting financial performance, with implications for corporate governance. Furthermore, this research underscores the evolving nature of internal control frameworks, particularly in the context of digitalization, thus delineating an imperative area for prospective scholarly exploration.

What Factors Affect Conservatism? The Role of Board Gender, CEO Retirement and Financial Distress

This research aims to comprehensively analyze the intricate relationships between board gender, CEO retirement, financial distress, and accounting conservatism within the energy sector. Leveraging 164 firm-year observations spanning 2019-2021, our sample selection relied on a purposive sampling technique, with data availability serving as a primary criterion. Through multiple regression analysis, we rigorously tested hypotheses to unveil the nuanced dynamics at play. Contrary to expectations, our findings suggest that board gender does not exert a significant impact on accounting conservatism within energy firms. However, CEO retirement emerges as a pivotal factor positively influencing accounting conservatism. This illuminates the importance of leadership transitions in shaping conservative financial reporting practices. Notably, financial distress demonstrates a contrary effect, negatively impacting accounting conservatism. This novel perspective positions financial distress as a determinant factor, expanding the traditional boundaries of conservatism research within the agency theory framework. Our research significantly contributes to the literature by providing fresh insights into the contextual factors influencing accounting conservatism in the energy sector. The nuanced interplay of CEO retirement and financial distress unveils complex decision-making processes, offering practical implications for corporate governance and financial reporting practices in this industry. This study serves as a valuable resource for both practitioners and scholars seeking a deeper understanding of conservatism determinants in the specific context of energy companies.

Alien merchant chambers and enterprise innovation: Evidence from China

AbstractBased on social capital theory, this paper aims to investigate the impact of member enterprises of alien merchant chambers on enterprise innovation, within A‐share listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges of China from 2010 to 2020. Additionally, the study seeks to explore the role played by social capital resulting from participation in these alien merchant chambers. Furthermore, we delve into the moderating effects of the number of alien merchant chambers and the degree of marketization in the enterprise's location. Moreover, we analyze the influence of heterogeneity in firm ownership and firm type. Our findings reveal that member enterprises of alien merchant chambers can increase their social capital and consequently promoting innovation; both the quantity of alien merchant chambers and the level of marketization in an enterprise's location positively influence this enhancement. Furthermore, the impact of state‐owned enterprises and non‐high‐tech enterprises on enterprise innovation, following their engagement with alien merchant chambers, surpasses that of non‐state‐owned enterprises and high‐tech enterprises. This research bridges the gap in understanding the corporate governance implications of alien merchant chambers, provides empirical evidence concerning Chinese alien merchant chambers, and addresses inquiries regarding the influence of merchant chambers' social capital. Additionally, it proposes a novel approach for listed companies to overcome resource constraints and to collaboratively pursue development, especially in light of the challenges posed by the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Implications of Good Corporate Governance and Cost Efficiency on Islamic Social Reporting (Case Studies on Islamic Banking Companies in Indonesia)

Implications of Good Corporate Governance and Cost Efficiency on Islamic Social Reporting (Case Studies on Islamic Banking Companies in Indonesia)

The Board Mix of Maltese Listed Entities and its Corporate Governance Implications

The Board Mix of Maltese Listed Entities and its Corporate Governance Implications

Institutional Investor Information Competition and Accounting Information Transparency: Implications for Financial Markets and Corporate Governance in China

Institutional Investor Information Competition and Accounting Information Transparency: Implications for Financial Markets and Corporate Governance in China

Influence Factors on Income Smoothing in Manufacturing Companies: Evidence from Indonesia's Stock Exchange


 
 
 
 
 
 This study investigates the determinants of income smoothing in Indonesian manufacturing firms listed on the stock exchange during 2016-2021. The research examines the impact of Institutional Ownership, Managerial Ownership, Return on Assets, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Ln Total Sales on Income Smoothing using binary logistic regression analysis. The findings reveal that Institutional Ownership, Managerial Ownership, and firm size significantly influence income smoothing, while Financial Leverage and Profitability do not exhibit significant effects on Income Smoothing. These results contribute to the understanding of income smoothing practices and hold implications for corporate governance and financial reporting practices in emerging markets.
 Highlight:
 
 Determinants of Income Smoothing: This study delves into the factors driving income smoothing in Indonesian manufacturing companies listed on the stock exchange between 2016 and 2021.
 Influential Factors: Institutional Ownership, Managerial Ownership, and firm size are identified as significant influencers of income smoothing, shedding light on their impact within this context.
 Implications for Governance and Reporting: The study's outcomes offer valuable insights for corporate governance practices and financial reporting strategies, particularly in the dynamic landscape of emerging markets.
 
 Keyword: Income Smoothing, Manufacturing Firms, Institutional Ownership, Managerial Ownership, Emerging Markets
 
 
 
 
 

The impact of executives' compensation and corporate governance attributes on voluntary disclosures: Does audit quality matter?

PurposeThis article investigated whether the executives' compensation and corporate governance attributes are aligned with stakeholders' demands for higher corporate voluntary disclosures. Moreover, the study also examined the moderating role of the auditor's reputation in the direction of association among executive compensation, corporate governance attributes, and voluntary disclosures.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a sample of S&P BSE index constituents' 90 Indian firms for 2017–2019. The voluntary disclosure scores were fetched from the India Disclosure Index Report published by FTI Consulting. This analysis was carried out in two parts by applying four panel-data regression models in the agency and signalling theories framework. First, the study examined the association between executive compensation, board strength, composition, gender diversity, and voluntary disclosures. Second, the article investigated the moderating role of the “Big 4” in the direction of association among executive compensation, corporate governance attributes, and voluntary disclosures.FindingsThe willingness of executives to share private information with stakeholders depends on the compensation they receive from their employer. The higher compensation paid to executives leads to a higher “tone from the top,” which is better aligned with stakeholder interests. Further, the research also found that bigger board sizes, a higher proportion of independent and woman directors (indicators of good governance), and an auditor's reputation are associated with increased voluntary disclosure.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings showed that the executives' compensation and corporate governance attributes are aligned with stakeholders' demand for higher voluntary information from firms. Moreover, the study also found that the “Big 4” play a moderating role in this direction. The choice of a reputed auditor indicates the firms' long-term positive future perspectives, which strengthens investor confidence in the financial market.Practical implicationsThe study suggests that fair executive compensation can address the agency problem.Originality/valueThis research furnishes managers and different stakeholders with significant implications of executives' compensation, corporate governance, and auditor's reputation in the best interests of a firm through reducing potential risks of information asymmetry.

Understanding board designs in Latin American firms: Insights from Brazil

Firms are facing an increasing pressure to conform to a globally-accepted good governance norm that is largely based on developing economies in order to increase board monitoring. However, many Latin American firms deviate from a set of recommended corporate governance practices by adopting board designs with practices associated with low board monitoring. We attribute this deviation to the interplay of capacity and willingness to bear the high costs of board designs with few barriers to board monitoring. In this study, we use a configurational approach to inductively identify the board designs of publicly listed Brazilian firms. Our findings uncover a typology of board designs corresponding to particular levels of firms’ capacity and willingness to bear the costs of board governance practices that conform to the good governance norm. We discuss our study’s implications for strategic corporate governance.

Implications of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) on Financial Statement Integrity

The development of a strategy by the government as a public organization to deal with the implementation of good corporate governance, which is now a requirement for each company in order to win global business competition and also overtake the problem of the economic crisis, is required by the rapid and massive advances in information technology that have occurred during the industrial revolution 4.0 era. The Agency theory was utilized to support this research since it fosters the formation of the notion of Good Corporate Governance in managing the company's business to reduce agency conflicts. Companies are required to be able to provide good financial reports. A solid financial report is one that maintains the integrity of the information it contains. The extent to which financial reports reflect financial facts fairly, honestly, and not more or less is referred to as their integrity. The goal of this study is to identify the implicit influence of good corporate governance (GCG) on the financial statements of different Indonesian enterprises. Research data is collected through financial reports and company annual reports. The SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the research data. The study's findings indicate that institutional share ownership and management support as part of Good Corporate Governance have a significant impact on the financial statements of Indonesian enterprises

The Implications of Corporate Governance on the Working Capital Efficiency of Manufacturing Companies: Evidence from Emerging Market

This article aims to evaluate the connection between corporate governance and working capital efficiency of manufacturing companies in India by providing evidence on the composition of board and its leadership structure on working capital efficiency. This article covers the top companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) from 2014 to 2019 (498 firm–year observations). The study utilizes panel econometric methodology based on Generalized Least Squares (GLS) to check the interplay between corporate governance and working capital efficiency. The empirical results produce that audit committee meetings are very effective in the efficient management of working capital. Surprisingly, the authors found that CEO duality does have a significant impact on working capital efficiency. Overall, the findings highlight that corporate governance is an effective tool for monitoring working capital efficiently. The conclusion of this study may be utilized to offer management information if their working capital decisions are efficient or not and how they could increase the scope of their working capital decisions in light of corporate governance.

CEO overpower and stock price crash risk: Evidence from family businesses in Vietnam

We examine how powerful CEOs affect stock price crash risk. We focus on family businesses in Vietnam because they contribute 25% of the national GDP. This study employs the Ordinary Least Squares and Fixed Effect Models and dynamic system Generalized Method of Moments to analyze a balanced panel of 983 annual observations of listed family businesses from 2005 to 2020. Our findings indicate that family businesses with CEO duality have about 60% higher crash risk than firms without CEO duality. However, higher CEO ownership reduces the stock price crash risk in the family businesses. The findings are robust after enacting the Law on Enterprises in Vietnam. Our findings align with agency theory, managerial power theory, information asymmetry theory, organizational theory, and prior literature. Our study contributes practical corporate governance implications for managing stock price crash risk in family businesses.

Women Directors and Board Dynamics: Qualitative Insights from the Boardroom

Despite increasing attention to gender diversity on corporate boards, we have only limited understanding of what occurs within the boardroom when women are present. Prior empirical research has used various theories to infer how board gender diversity may influence firm outcomes, but without identifying the theoretical mechanisms underlying women directors’ influence on the board. To address this gap, we conducted interviews with women and men who have collectively served as directors with over 200 publicly listed companies in the United States and Europe. While prior research has suggested that the diverse cognitive perspectives women directors bring influence board decision-making, our study reveals novel insights as to the underlying mechanisms. Specifically, we contribute to the board gender diversity literature with the finding that women behave in ways contrary to existing board norms. By coming to board meetings highly prepared, being willing to acknowledge that they do not know something, asking questions, and getting things on the table, women impact the dialogue and interactions in the boardroom. Thus, our study sheds light on how the presence of women influences board dynamics, which has implications for corporate governance. Our findings also challenge prevailing gender theories as to how women are likely to behave, in that we do not find that women conform to gender stereotypes. Yet, we also find impediments to women directors’ ability to gain influence, in that men directors may not always acknowledge them or afford them respect as equal board members.

Profits crisis: evolving patterns of firm size and performance in traditional U.S. industries

With the arrival of the new millennium, many industries across the developed economies are increasingly facing volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous business environments—often characterized as VUCA—caused by a host of disruptive factors hyper-competition, globalized value chains, high-velocity business cycles, frequent technological changes, shorter product life cycles, unstable financial markets, and the rise of the digital economy. These disruptions are triggering serious financial crises within the traditional scale-economy industries by decoupling the link between the firms' size and growth-related strategies and profitability. By capturing the changes in firms' assets, revenue, and financial performance with the help of long-range panel data on public companies, this study traces the impact of such disruptions on the financial performance of firms operating in the traditional scale-based industries in the U.S. economy. The study indicates emerging challenges to corporate management due to disruptive technologies, widening global competition, dynamic consumer trends, and volatile financial markets and highlights further the implications for firms' strategy, corporate governance, and organizational design.

A Rawlsian Rule for Corporate Governance

Business ethics can be regarded as a field dealing with corporate self-regulation as it relates to the treatment of stakeholders. However, a concern for corporate stakeholders need not take a corporate-centric perspective, as shown by recent efforts (especially Singer in Bus Ethics Q 25(1):65–92, 2015) to situate corporate conduct within Rawls’ political theory. Although Rawls was largely mute on the subject himself, his theory has implications for business ethics and corporate governance more specifically. Given an understanding of a “Rawlsian society” as a whole—where corporations as associations are a part—this paper addresses how a Rawlsian perspective would safeguard against corporate harms in society. We argue that a Rawlsian society would primarily regulate corporate conduct through exogenous constraints in the form of legislation. To the extent that business ethics is concerned with endogenous constraints in the form of corporate-centric self-regulation regarding stakeholders, to adopt a Rawlsian perspective is to assume instead a society-centric perspective and to impose exogenous constraints on corporate conduct in the form of legislation for the benefit of citizens. In the context of Rawls’ political liberalism, normative concerns in business are accounted for through legislation and the system of background justice. In a clear departure from Singer (Bus Ethics Q 25(1):65–92, 2015, Bus Ethics J Rev 6(3):11–17, 2018a), we further develop our argument to propose that Rawls' theory can be interpreted as providing a rule for corporate governance. The rule—which is imposed exogenously for the good of society—states: After choosing the corporate constraint mechanism (exogenous vs. endogenous) that best promotes the Liberty Principle, choose the corporate control regime (shareholder vs. stakeholder) that maximizes economic efficiency.

Active fund managers and the rise of passive investing: Epistemic opportunism in financial markets

Financial markets have witnessed a dramatic shift in financial flows in recent years from Active fund management where professional investors attempt to beat the market (generate ‘alpha’) to Passive investment where portfolios are assembled that follow existing market indicators (track ‘beta’). This transition has important implications for both corporate governance and wider society, with potentially significant distributive effects. Passive investing is predicated upon different bodies of knowledge and is suggestive of an epistemic shift of sorts in financial markets. In such circumstances, field theory suggests that incumbent groups like Active players will try to adapt to the new rules of the investment game. However, drawing from an empirical study which explores the views of the Active investment community in both the United Kingdom and the United States, we document significant defensiveness vis-à-vis the rise of Passive investing. Whereas behavioural approaches might explain this defensiveness in terms of irrationality, the conceptual approach advanced here instead emphasizes the epistemic opportunism (convoluted and self-serving attempts to demonstrate superior knowledge) that communities strategically engage in to justify their position. As such, we conclude that financial markets should be understood as constituted by slowly evolving communities of practice whose habits, routines and ways of knowing can be difficult to shift, even when faced with overwhelming evidence that what they are doing doesn’t work most of the time.

CEO Greed and Firms' Environmental Performance in Environmentally Sensitive Sectors of China

In the current study, the authors explored how CEO greed concerning bonuses and rewards on restricted stock affects a firm's environmental performance (EP) in environmentally sensitive sectors of China. Moreover, they empirically tested the constraining role of the quad director on the relationship between CEO greed and EP. Findings indicate that (a) CEO greed negatively affects the strategic firm's environmental performance, particularly the negative relation is augmented by the person-pay interactionism rationale (bonus), (b) the presence of one quad director in the board does not constrain CEO greed and EP negative relation, and (c) the presence of two or more quad directors in the board significantly constraints the negative relation between CEO greed and EP. Thus, having at least two quad directors is more effective than combining directors with multiple features. Our results are robust to different CEOs' power dynamics. Our research has important practical implications for corporate governance and business strategy formulation.

Relationship between earnings management and corporate risk in Latin-American firms

ObjetivoEl propósito de este artículo es analizar los efectos de la gestión de ganancias basada en devengos (AEM) y el desarrollo institucional y financiero sobre el riesgo corporativo de las empresas latinoamericanas.Diseño/metodología/enfoqueSe utilizó el estimador GMM de Arellano y Bond (1991) sobre una muestra de 914 empresas no financieras entre 2005 y 2017.HallazgosLas prácticas de AEM aumentan significativamente el riesgo corporativo. Este resultado indica que el aumento del riesgo está asociado al debilitamiento del gobierno corporativo de las empresas. Los devengos discrecionales positivos también tienen el mismo impacto en el riesgo corporativo. Además, la gestión de ganancias basada en el devengo tiene un impacto no lineal sobre el riesgo. Un mayor desarrollo institucional y financiero reduce sistémicamente el riesgo de las empresas. El desarrollo institucional puede mitigar los efectos de la gestión de ganancias sobre el riesgo corporativo.Originalidad/valorEstos resultados revelan que AEM es una práctica que debilita los gobiernos corporativos y permite expropiar riqueza de los accionistas. Estas prácticas promueven un mayor riesgo corporativo, aunque el desarrollo institucional y financiero lo reduce. Estos resultados tienen implicancias relevantes para el gobierno corporativo de las empresas porque indican la relevancia de controlar estas prácticas en la percepción de riesgo de los inversionistas. Estos resultados también son relevantes para los reguladores porque orientan el diseño de políticas financieras hacia el fortalecimiento del desarrollo institucional y financiero como una vía sistemática que reduce el riesgo de las empresas.

Insider Trading and Its Implications for Corporate Governance and Market

Insider Trading and Its Implications for Corporate Governance and Market