Implementation Of Tool Research Articles

Digital Skills’ Impact on the Use of Digital Learning Tools

Innovations and developments in the ICT sector drive significant changes in how higher education institutions (HEIs) execute their teaching and learning processes. HEIs have always succeeded in the implementation of ICT tools for the facilitation of the process of teaching and learning. However, they have faced many challenges related to using these tools. Various tools have been introduced, not only for teaching and learning but also for socialisation. These tools include social media tools that are used to achieve different activities in response to the demands of society. Social media, however, is more utilised than digital learning tools, causing major concerns because users appear more interested in social media tools to perform academic activities than in digital learning tools. Students entering the university spaces are often comfortable using their phones but less comfortable using laptops or PCs. These, however, are the primary devices used in digital classrooms at institutions of higher learning. The basic ability to use them is crucial in succeeding in today’s digitised e-learning classrooms. This study investigates the impact digital literacy could have on using digital learning tools in HEIs. The study employed quantitative research methods using a survey developed and distributed to university alums to assess their digital skills upon entering their studies and how this impacted their learning experience. The participants were recruited from two public universities and one private university in the Eastern Cape. The purpose of the study was to formulate a checklist, based on the analysis of the data collected, that will inform the digital literacy factors impacting the use of digital learning in HEIs. While the study acknowledges that different students have different learning needs, it was still possible to create a solution through the suggested checklist consisting of eight (8) interventions developed to guide universities in improving the use of digital learning tools in their institutions.

Exploring educational ecosystems: insights from the implementation of SchoolWeavers tool in Catalonia

ABSTRACT Education has undergone significant changes, leading to more complex and collaborative approaches that recognize schools as ecosystems where diverse stakeholders interact. Consequently, new processes and tools are needed to promote leadership within these ecosystems. To guide school leadership teams, we developed and piloted the online tool ‘SchoolWeavers’, which fosters relationships and collaboration across the ecosystem to improve learning and well-being. This study examines the initial outcomes of using SchoolWeavers as a school leadership strategy in five schools in Catalonia, Spain, by surveying 1,615 members of the ecosystem, including teachers, leaders, staff, families, students, and community professionals. The aim is to investigate school ecosystem dynamics through the domains addressed by the tool, such as empathy, trust, shared purpose, innovation, collaboration, equity, and personalized learning, identifying opportunities for improvement and ways to foster stronger educational ecosystems. Leadership teams showed the highest scores and positive perceptions, while students rated the domains lower. Community professionals had low participation, indicating weaker collaboration with the community. Trust and equity received the highest scores, whereas innovation and personalized learning were less valued. This study highlights the need for tools to strengthen educational ecosystems and identifies areas for improvement, particularly in innovation and student agency.

Lean Manufacturing en la producción de alimentos: Revisión sistemática, análisis bibliométrico y propuesta de aplicación

In a changing environment, efficiency and adaptability are essential to improve business competitiveness. The present study analyzed the application of Lean Manufacturing in food production through a review of the scientific literature based in Scopus, using the PRISMA methodology and the Vosviewer and Bibliometrix software. From the bibliometric analysis, there is evidence of an increase in research on Lean Manufacturing in food companies since 2019, with an annual growth rate of 5.96%. Brazil and Peru stand out for their high scientific production, while Brazil and Belgium stand out in terms of citations. In addition, outstanding scientific collaboration between authors from South America and Asia is observed. Three relevant clusters were identified: principles, implementation tools and practical applications of Lean Manufacturing. The thematic mapping highlighted the concepts Cost Reduction, Process Monitoring, Six Sigma and Value Stream Mapping as the most prominent topics underlining the interest and applications in the scientific literature. The implementation of Lean Manufacturing in seven steps is proposed, facilitating the use of agile tools for process optimization and waste reduction in food companies. Lean Manufacturing contributes to improve the flow of products in the supply chain and to the sustainability of small and medium enterprises. Future research should focus on adapting Lean Manufacturing to various contexts and business models in the agri-food sector.

Operationalization of ESG-Integrated Strategy Through the Balanced Scorecard in FMCG Companies

The increasing focus on sustainability and climate change mitigation necessitates that corporate strategies not only build competitive advantage but also contribute to the creation of sustainable operations. The purpose of the article is to present, based on the analyses of the development of the strategic targets of leading Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) companies, a method for operationalizing an ESG-adapted corporate strategy within FMCG companies using the Balanced Scorecard (BSC). ESG, encompassing environmental, social, and governance factors, requires a shift in both strategic management theory and practice. The author explores how ESG metrics can be integrated into the traditional BSC framework alongside financial, customer, and business processes and learning and growth perspectives to align with the growing importance of sustainability. The study identifies specific measures that contribute to a successful transition toward sustainable business practices. The findings demonstrate that the BSC, when adapted to incorporate ESG considerations, is an effective tool for strategy implementation and operational management in FMCG companies. While the proposed framework focuses on the FMCG sector, it has potential applications across other industries. The article makes important theoretical contributions, though it would benefit from further empirical research, sector-specific comparisons, and a more detailed examination of external ESG factors that impact corporate strategy.

Leveraging AI Tools for Discourse Analysis in Early Childhood Bilingual Education: Enhancing Language Development

The implementation of AI tools in education has become increasingly popular and brought transformative potential, particularly in the field of language education because of its powerful functions on designing immersive and personalized activities and offering real-time feedback. This study explores the role of AI tools in discourse analysis and the impact on enhancing bilingual skills among early childhood students. It investigates two key questions: (1) How do AI tools impact young childrens bilingual skills in early childhood classrooms? (2) How can discourse analysis of AI tools assist educators with bilingual teaching? A qualitative case study, including an in-depth interview with a bilingual educator, reveals insights into the effectiveness of AI tools in promoting bilingual language acquisition and engaging young learners in meaningful and enjoyable learning environment. Furthermore, the discourse analysis of AI tools offers immediate, actionable insights on each students academic performance, helping educators better understand the language learning process and the specific challenges students face. However, considerations and challenges of AI in education, such as privacy risks and misuse, still need to be considered. The findings of this study bridge the gap and highlight the potential for discourse analysis of AI tools in early childhood bilingual education. Further study can focus on exploring other AI tools in bilingual education and conducting long-term research with a large example size.

Incorporating client perspectives: moving towards digital outcome measurement in pediatric speech-language pathology

ABSTRACT Caregivers’ needs and preferences regarding outcome measurement in pediatric speech-language pathology are not well-understood, but are critical to the development and implementation of meaningful clinical tools. This project engaged caregivers of preschoolers with speech, language and communication needs to understand their views on the potential for, and their preferences surrounding a digital version of one participation-focused outcome measure called the Focus on the Outcomes of Communication Under Six (FOCUS-34). Fifteen caregivers of preschoolers who were receiving services in a large health system participated in one of four 30–60-minute virtual focus groups or one of three individual interviews. Caregivers shared their perceptions of whether and how a digital FOCUS-34 may improve their service experience, and their preferred features and formats to make it useful. An inductive content analysis was used to identify relevant categories that described caregivers’ perspectives. Data were sorted into two categories: (1) caregivers believe a digital solution would improve their service experience, and (2) caregivers want a user-friendly digital FOCUS-34 to measure and give feedback on intervention outcomes. Multiple sub-categories were also identified, which further described caregivers’ views on how a digital measure would improve the feasibility of outcome measurement, family engagement in services, and transparent communication with providers. Sub-categories also outlined caregivers’ preferences for the features and functions of a digital measure and their suggested considerations for developers of the digital tool. Results provide new insight into caregivers’ perspectives on digital outcome measurement and will inform efforts to improve the utility of the FOCUS-34 for families.

Nursing Home Palliative Care Referral Process, Barriers, and Proposed Solutions: A Qualitative Study.

Despite evidence that specialized care for seriously ill nursing home (NH) residents is needed, barriers to accessing palliative care (PC) remain. A significant issue is the complexity of the referral process that inhibits timely and equitable access to care. This qualitative descriptive study explored the PC referral process in NHs. Using rapid qualitative analysis with semi-structured interview data from NH staff, primary care, and specialty PC providers (N = 17) in six states, this study outlines a multistep referral process along with barriers and proposed solutions. Key recommendations include comprehensive PC education program development, implementation of an evidence-based PC screening tool, and the holistic integration of PC services in NHs.

Generating and translating evidence for safe and effective medication management in aged care homes.

Generating and translating high-quality evidence is integral to providing safe and effective medication management for residents of aged care homes. Residents are often under-represented in trials of medication effectiveness and safety. This paper reviews opportunities and challenges for generating and translating evidence for safe and effective medication management in aged care homes. There are an increasing number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) being conductedin aged care homes. Observational studies can also help address the evidence-practice gap arising from underrepresentation of residents in RCTs. Stepped-wedge and helix counterbalanced designs may help overcome limitations of traditional RCTs for evaluating medication management interventions in the aged care setting. Strategies for generating evidence include building effective partnerships with aged care homes and organizations, using novel trial designs, leveraging existing data and knowledge sharing through international platforms. Strategies for translating evidence include using quality indicators for audit and feedback, provision of education and training, engaging internal and external stakeholders, and development of local action plans and guideline implementation tools. There is an emerging interest in the role of knowledge brokers to facilitate knowledge translation. Future directions for generating and translating evidence include strengthening international research collaboration, industry partnerships, standardizing aged care home data to support national and international comparisons, and optimizing the use of technology. Initiatives may include improving access to routinely collected administrative health and medication data for conducting high-quality observational studies. Future studies should assess outcomes prioritized by residents to ensure that medication management strategies are tailored to their needs.

VisFork: Towards a toolsuite for visualizing fork ecosystems

In our previous work, we have developed and tested different visualizations that help analyze fork ecosystems. Our goal is to contribute analyses and tools that support developers as well as researchers in obtaining a better understanding of what happens within such ecosystems. In this article, we focus on the tool implementation of our most recent visualizations, which can help users to better understand the relations between and activities within forks. Since fork ecosystems are widely used in practice and well established research subjects, we hope that our tooling constitutes a helpful means for other researchers, too.

Expert opinion on heat therapy for teenagers' musculoskeletal pain management.

Among children and adolescents, up to 40% will experience musculoskeletal pain (MP), which can significantly impair functional ability, reduce quality of life, cause emotional distress, and lead to sleeping disorders for both patients and their families. The first-line treatment often involves pharmacological interventions, even though there is a lack of evidence supporting the efficacy or the safety of this approach in this specific age group. Recent guidelines recommend the implementation of preventative strategies and physical tools as the first option to minimize the use of medications. We aimed to provide an expert opinion on the use of heat therapy for MP management in young patients. This paper is the result of a virtual advisory board held by the authors in order to discuss and provide an expert opinion about the use of heat therapy in MP in children and adolescents. MP is a significant burden affecting children and adolescents. While non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are currently the first-choice treatment of acute and chronic MP in children and adolescents, avoiding or reducing them in such patients is advisable, to reduce side effects and to prevent the development of chronic pain and medication overuse headaches. Heat therapy can be an additional treatment option due to its ability to promote muscle relaxation, enhance blood circulation, and modulate nociceptors with a good safety profile. MP in children and adolescents is a common condition that should be approached multidisciplinary, including information, therapeutic exercise and physical therapies like hot or cold therapies. Future studies should be conducted to evaluate the safety, efficacy and indications of each treatment in MP.

Learning from Two Early Brownfield Redevelopment Projects in Italy: Soil Desealing, Cooling Effects, and Implementation of Nature-Based Solutions Through Traditional Planning Tools

Consideration of the future fate of brownfields in urban environments has driven a complex ‘season’ of decisions, planning, and implementation that has seen the emergence of different approaches and actions for their reuse. Among the various experiences of brownfield redevelopment, some projects have also promoted the partial renaturalisation of areas through soil desealing and demolition of existing buildings. These greening initiatives have provided new public facilities, e.g., parks and green areas, helping to improve the conditions of urban environments both from ecological and social perspectives. This article adopts ex ante and ex post methods to analyse two Italian case studies of brownfield regeneration involving desealing interventions and investigates two key aspects: (i) the planning process and tools that were put in place to implement the projects and (ii) the impacts for human wellbeing that were produced in terms of cooling effects. The analyses conducted show the real effectiveness of renaturation interventions especially related to reforestation measures in terms of temperature reduction. The examination of the two case studies also revealed the importance and potential success of traditional planning and implementation tools in promoting interventions that can now be considered innovative in terms of their actual contribution to current urban challenges. The results therefore allow us to emphasize the fundamental importance of the philosophy and basic principles of a transformation process, even guided by traditional planning tools, for the improvement of the environmental conditions of an urban context and the successful implementation of nature-based solutions.

НАПРЯМИ ОНОВЛЕННЯ ІНСТРУМЕНТІВ МАРКЕТИНГУ РЕСТОРАННИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ З УРАХУВАННЯМ СВІТОВИХ ТА НАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ТЕНДЕНЦІЙ РОЗВИТКУ

The influence of macroeconomic factors such as war, labor shortages, inflation, rising energy prices and shortages, and work schedule restrictions, coupled with high competition in the restaurant market, declining revenues due to customer redistribution, and the need to follow global gastronomic trends, present challenges for all market participants. These factors require them to quickly adapt their marketing tools to changes in the marketing environment. The purpose of this article is to explore the features of restaurant marketing in terms of developing its tools and technologies in line with current market trends and the development tendencies of the national and global restaurant business. The object of the study is the marketing activities and tools used by restaurant establishments. Methods employed in the research include desk analysis and case study methods, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, logical generalization, and the generalization of national and global experiences. The research hypothesis suggests that domestic restaurant establishments must update their marketing tools due to the significant impact of global trends in gastronomy, technology, and consumer behavior on the Ukrainian restaurant market. Main Content. The marketing activities of restaurant establishments are aimed at creating unique offerings, expanding the formats of establishments, enhancing the prestige of personnel, and developing customer experience. Special attention is given to branding, the role of the chef, new formats of establishments, and their concepts, which define competitiveness and demonstrate the potential for meeting the growing needs of modern consumers. The authors analyze the impact of marketing strategies on customer retention, emphasizing the importance of focusing on consumer value and maintaining continuous feedback with clients. The article also highlights that modern restaurateurs must adapt to digital marketing tools, social and ethical marketing, and new concepts that form a unique restaurant product. The authors note the integration of the Ukrainian restaurant market with global gastronomic trends, while stressing the importance of considering national peculiarities. Popular concepts, such as eco-responsibility, healthy eating, plant-based food, local and organic products, new customer interaction methods, innovative service formats, and others, are discussed. Originality and Practical Significance of the Study. Through a detailed analysis of current trends and the specifics of restaurant marketing, the article offers practical recommendations for restaurateurs on adapting marketing tools to a changing market environment. Conclusions and further research.. The marketing activities of restaurant establishments should focus on social-ethical and partnership concepts, which will help build long-term, mutually beneficial relationships with customers and partners, foster trust-based loyalty, and ensure stable growth in the post-war period. Given changes in consumer preferences, the importance of sustainable development, and social responsibility, it is advisable for restaurants to adapt their strategies to meet new customer expectations. The development of innovative marketing strategies and the implementation of new marketing tools are critical for building long-term relationships between restaurant establishments and their clients and partners in a rapidly changing market environment, high competition, and social uncertainty. The findings of this study may serve as a basis for future academic developments in marketing and management practices in the restaurant business.

Assessing the Impact of Digital Transformation on Business Operations: A Case Study Analysis

This study assesses the impact of digital transformation on business operations through a case study of Zivame, an Indian SME in the retail sector. The research aims to explore how digital technologies improve operational efficiency, customer engagement, and financial performance. Using qualitative research methods, semi-structured interviews were conducted with key decision-makers at Zivame. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data. The results indicate significant operational improvements, including a reduction in order fulfillment time and increased inventory turnover. Customer satisfaction and repeat purchase rates also improved substantially following the implementation of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems and other digital tools. Zivame faced challenges such as employee resistance to change and high initial investment costs, which were mitigated through targeted employee training programs. The financial analysis revealed a growing return on investment (ROI) from 31% in 2020 to 44% in 2023. The study’s findings underscore the importance of digital transformation for Indian SMEs, showing that, with strategic planning and investment, businesses can improve their competitiveness and achieve long-term success. These findings contribute to the broader literature on digital transformation in emerging markets and offer practical insights for SMEs embarking on similar journeys.

Simulated Malaria Online Tool: an instrument for evaluating healthcare providers' practices and contributing to the evidence base for certifying malaria elimination and preventing its re-establishment

BackgroundHealthcare providers (HCPs) practice and correct management of suspected malaria (CMSM) are central components of malaria elimination and prevention of re-establishment (POR) in countries in the elimination phase. However, knowledge of malaria surveillance systems and HCPs practices often wanes in countries aiming to eliminate malaria due to the low numbers of cases. The study aimed to implement a valid Simulated Malaria Online Tool (SMOT) for assessment HCP performance in CMSM and POR in a malaria-free area.MethodsHCPs were evaluated using SMOT tool based on four criteria including presenting a suspected malaria case for detection of HCPs’ failures in recognition (a), diagnosis (b), appropriate treatment (c), and urgent reporting (d); and compared with simulated patients (SP). Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of HCPs failures.ResultsThe overall failure proportion was 237 (83%), and the majority of failures were in recognition (a). There was no significant difference between the SMOT and SP based on all failure criteria (P > 0.05). The private clinic (93%) and the public specialized clinic (70%) had the highest and lowest failure proportions. After passing the recognition stage (a), the overall failure proportions decreased to 47.8% and 25.0% for total HCPs and infectious disease specialists, respectively. In the final analysis, private sector (AOR = 4.36: 1.25–15.2), not-specialist providers (AOR = 2.84: 1.29–6.25) and HCPs with ≥ 5 years’ experience (AOR = 2.03: 1.01–6.25) increased the risk of failure.ConclusionFindings confirmed the implementation of SMOT tool in settings where malaria transmission is low or interrupted. The tool is able to identify sub-groups of providers needing strengthening, and contributes to the prevention of malaria re-establishment.

American emergency room wait times for psychiatric conditions from 2019 to 2021

Use of Emergency Departments (EDs) for psychiatric complaints has increased significantly in past decades. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic saw large shifts in ED usage, with a relative increase in mental health complaints in EDs. This paper will investigate the difference in ED wait times for psychiatric and non-psychiatric complaints over this period. Utilized National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), from 2019 to 2021, for average wait times for psychiatric versus non-psychiatric complaints. Compared the average wait times for psychiatric complaints by region, triage status, and ICD-10 F code. There was no significant difference in the average wait times overall between these conditions (P = 0.57). People with schizophrenia or psychosis had a significantly higher wait time (P = 0.03) compared to mental health symptoms secondary to physiologic conditions. Northeastern American EDs also had prolonged wait times for psychiatric conditions (P < 0.01) Research into factors of prolonged wait times can advise quality improvements such as the implementation of evidence-based triage and workup tools, and directed psychiatric education.

FIELDimagePy: A tool to estimate zonal statistics from an image, bounded by one or multiple polygons

AbstractVegetation indices have become an indispensable tool in remote sensing‐based agricultural research. A recent area of advancement in agricultural remote sensing research is in high‐throughput phenotyping, often conducted on a plot by plot basis. FIELDimageR is a tool used extensively in high‐throughput phenotyping that estimates zonal statistics of vegetation indices per plot. However, being written in R language, FIELDimageR requires high computing time. As a high‐resolution image over a large area means a large number of pixels, FIELDimageR is incapable of using high‐resolution orthomosaicked images without reducing image resolution by aggregating digital numbers of several pixels and treating them as one pixel. This research tool implements FIELDimageR in the Python language as FIELDimagePy. FIELDimagePy follows similar workflows as FIELDimageR and generates equivalent results for zonal statistics of vegetation indices per plot. FIELDimagePy is significantly and substantially faster than FIELDimageR. Computing time by FIELDimagePy are three to four times lower than computing times by FIELDimageR, even when using raw images with 16 times denser pixels. Moreover, FIELDimagePy is useful beyond plot by plot research in agriculture and capable of estimating zonal statistics of any raster bounded by any polygons. With slight modifications, FIELDimagePy can be useful for other disciplines of science, such as geophysics, geography, economics, medical sciences, among others. FIELDimagePy can be accessed from the GitHub repository: https://github.com/SumantraChatterjee/FIELDimagePy.

Comparative analysis of international and Malaysia approaches to the treatment of patients with chronic gastritis from the point of view of evidence-based medicine

Background: Chronic gastritis, often resulting from *Helicobacter pylori* infection, is a widespread gastrointestinal disorder. The condition requires evidence-based treatment approaches to ensure effective management and improved patient outcomes. This study conducts a comparative analysis of the treatment approaches for chronic gastritis in Malaysia and internationally, focusing on adherence to evidence-based medicine (EBM) practices. Understanding the similarities and differences in these approaches is critical for enhancing Malaysia's healthcare strategies. Methods and Materials: The study employed a systematic review of relevant literature sourced from global medical databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The review focused on therapeutic options, diagnostic standards, and evidence-based protocols for managing chronic gastritis, with emphasis on both international and Malaysian healthcare systems. Studies included in the review primarily focused on adult patients diagnosed with chronic gastritis and treated using evidence-based methodologies. Results: The analysis revealed significant parallels in the treatment protocols between Malaysia and international guidelines, particularly in the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and antibiotic regimens for *H. pylori* eradication. However, differences emerged in the implementation of advanced diagnostic tools, accessibility of healthcare services, and the influence of local antibiotic resistance patterns. While Malaysia follows global best practices, rural-urban healthcare disparities impact the consistency of treatment delivery and patient outcomes. Conclusion: Both international and Malaysian approaches to chronic gastritis prioritize evidence-based medicine. The findings suggest that Malaysia effectively adapts international guidelines to its local healthcare context, though improvements are needed in addressing healthcare accessibility and antibiotic resistance. Enhanced implementation of EBM practices, particularly in rural areas, and personalization of treatment based on resistance patterns, could further optimize patient outcomes in Malaysia.

Computational Stabilization of a Non-Heme Iron Enzyme Enables Efficient Evolution of New Function.

Deep learning tools for enzyme design are rapidly emerging, and there is a critical need to evaluate their effectiveness in engineering workflows. Here we show that the deep learning-based tool ProteinMPNN can be used to redesign Fe(II)/αKG superfamily enzymes for greater stability, solubility, and expression while retaining both native activity and industrially relevant non-native functions. This superfamily has diverse catalytic functions and could provide a rich new source of biocatalysts for synthesis and industrial processes. Through systematic comparisons of directed evolution trajectories for a non-native, remote C(sp3)-H hydroxylation reaction, we demonstrate that the stabilized redesign can be evolved more efficiently than the wild-type enzyme. After three rounds of directed evolution, we obtained a 6-fold activity increase from the wild-type parent and an 80-fold increase from the stabilized variant. To generate the initial stabilized variant, we identified multiple structural and sequence constraints to preserve catalytic function. We applied these criteria to produce stabilized, catalytically active variants of a second Fe(II)/αKG enzyme, suggesting that the approach is generalizable to additional members of the Fe(II)/αKG superfamily. ProteinMPNN is user-friendly and widely accessible, and our results provide a framework for the routine implementation of deep learning-based protein stabilization tools in directed evolution workflows for novel biocatalysts.

Electronic commerce as a tool for implementation of the constitutional right to business activity

The scientific article examines the essence and development of e-commerce as a key element of the modern economy, which significantly changes traditional business models and creates new opportunities for entrepreneurs and consumers. The impact of information and communication technologies on economic development is analyzed and their decisive role in the implementation of electronic commerce is indicated. Several key innovations that have fueled the rapid growth of e-commerce are explored, namely: AI-powered personalization, omni-channel commerce across platforms, and the integration of secure electronic payments using emerging technologies such as blockchain. In addition to technological aspects, social and economic factors that contributed to the development of e-commerce are considered, including the COVID-19 pandemic, changing consumer habits and the growth of logistics companies. The article also covers the issue of legal regulation of electronic commerce, analyzing international legal acts. It is concluded that e-commerce is a complex phenomenon that includes not only trade transactions but also related business processes such as marketing, data processing and supply chain management. The need for further development of the legal framework for its effective functioning in Ukraine and the world is indicated. E-commerce is proposed to be understood as the process of buying, selling or exchanging goods, services and information using electronic means, mainly through Internet platforms, covering a variety of business processes, such as: online trade, electronic payments, digital marketing, supply chain management, etc. . It was established that the relationship between the right to entrepreneurial activity and e-commerce is that e-commerce is one of the forms of entrepreneurial activity that is adapted to the modern conditions of the digital economy and the development of information technologies, in particular, this relationship is embodied through the prism the following legal relations: the right to entrepreneurial activity as a basis. The constitutional right to entrepreneurial activity provides an opportunity to freely choose and carry out economic activity for the purpose of obtaining profit. This right covers the freedom to choose the form of doing business, dispose of profits and protect one’s interests in the process of carrying out economic activities; digitalization as a form of entrepreneurship. Electronic commerce (e-commerce) expands the traditional possibilities of conducting business, offering new ways for entrepreneurs through the Internet. It covers not only the purchase and sale of goods and services, but also various business processes related to the exchange of digital information, conducting financial transactions and managing logistics; digital capabilities. Thanks to electronic commerce, the right to do business is expanded by accessing global markets and simplifying interaction with customers, which allows doing business regardless of geographical boundaries and time. Entrepreneurs can quickly implement new technologies, automate business processes and provide an individual approach to consumers through digital platforms; protection, security and settlement. Thus, the state, realizing the constitutional right to entrepreneurial activity, must ensure legal regulation of electronic commerce. This includes the protection of consumer rights, control over the quality of services, regulation of digital signatures, protection of personal data and support for the security of online payments; innovation and competition. E-commerce stimulates the development of entrepreneurship, increasing competition through opportunities for innovation. Entrepreneurs working in e-commerce gain competitive advantages due to the efficiency of digital technologies and global opportunities.

A Novel Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Generative AI Tool (Socrates 2.0) to Facilitate Socratic Dialogue: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Feasibility Study.

Digital mental health tools, designed to augment traditional mental health treatments, are becoming increasingly important due to a wide range of barriers to accessing mental health care, including a growing shortage of clinicians. Most existing tools use rule-based algorithms, often leading to interactions that feel unnatural compared with human therapists. Large language models (LLMs) offer a solution for the development of more natural, engaging digital tools. In this paper, we detail the development of Socrates 2.0, which was designed to engage users in Socratic dialogue surrounding unrealistic or unhelpful beliefs, a core technique in cognitive behavioral therapies. The multiagent LLM-based tool features an artificial intelligence (AI) therapist, Socrates, which receives automated feedback from an AI supervisor and an AI rater. The combination of multiple agents appeared to help address common LLM issues such as looping, and it improved the overall dialogue experience. Initial user feedback from individuals with lived experiences of mental health problems as well as cognitive behavioral therapists has been positive. Moreover, tests in approximately 500 scenarios showed that Socrates 2.0 engaged in harmful responses in under 1% of cases, with the AI supervisor promptly correcting the dialogue each time. However, formal feasibility studies with potential end users are needed. This mixed methods study examines the feasibility of Socrates 2.0. On the basis of the initial data, we devised a formal feasibility study of Socrates 2.0 to gather qualitative and quantitative data about users' and clinicians' experience of interacting with the tool. Using a mixed method approach, the goal is to gather feasibility and acceptability data from 100 users and 50 clinicians to inform the eventual implementation of generative AI tools, such as Socrates 2.0, in mental health treatment. We designed this study to better understand how users and clinicians interact with the tool, including the frequency, length, and time of interactions, users' satisfaction with the tool overall, quality of each dialogue and individual responses, as well as ways in which the tool should be improved before it is used in efficacy trials. Descriptive and inferential analyses will be performed on data from validated usability measures. Thematic analysis will be performed on the qualitative data. Recruitment will begin in February 2024 and is expected to conclude by February 2025. As of September 25, 2024, overall, 55 participants have been recruited. The development of Socrates 2.0 and the outlined feasibility study are important first steps in applying generative AI to mental health treatment delivery and lay the foundation for formal feasibility studies. DERR1-10.2196/58195.