Implementation Of State Policy Research Articles

On the level of literacy of the population Kostroma and Yaroslavl provinces in the late 19th – early 20th centuries

The reforms carried out in Russia in the 1860-70s contributed to the industrial development of the country, but along with the changes in the economy changes in the socio-cultural sphere were no less large-scale. Due to the mass mobility of the population after the abolition of serfdom, representatives of different estates were involved in the general socio-cultural movement. One of the important indicators of the social modernisation of Russian society included the changed level of literacy of the population, caused by the need for competent personnel for the growing industry, transport, communications and management. Using the example of Kostroma and Yaroslavl provinces, the article shows the dynamics of changes in the literacy rate of the population in the late 19th – early 20th centuries which exceeded all-Russian indicators, both for urban and rural populations and was associated with the successful implementation of state policy in the field of education, the consequences of the introduction of the new Military Charter as of 1874 and the peculiarities of the socio-economic development of the provinces associated with the developed craftsmen’s internal migration.

Justice in the Practice of International Criminal Tribunals, in the Context of the Tasks of Contemporary International Humanitarian Law

Transitional justice, which today has become a widespread and very useful concept, which allows the transition from an authoritarian system to the rule of law, which aims to establish a democratic regime that respects human rights - and what is important not at the level of declarations and applicable methods, but, first of all, this must become the philosophical basis of his daily life. The purpose of transitional justice is to restore the dignity of the victims, to establish mutual trust between the antagonistic groups, to favor the institutional exchange necessary for a new relationship within the population that will allow the establishment of a state of law, including through an effective control of the practice of total or partial impunity. The various constitutive elements of transitional justice generally combine reparative measures of restorative justice (Truth and Reconciliation Commissions), meanwhile establishing parallel mechanisms of punitive justice (especially in relation to the main responsible or direct executors of the most serious crimes).2 On the other hand, transitional justice claims to reform the institutional system, restoring the primacy of law and ensuring the functioning of judicial institutions for the future, fighting in the meantime against impunity for the crimes committed during the previous period. In this sense, transitional justice pursues a multiple goal within the framework of an end to a conflict, in which other imperatives are imposed on government officials - the disarmament of combatant forces, the restoration of citizens' security, the compensation of victims and the restoration of the economy of devastated societies. After being neglected for a long time, the victim is at the center of current political concerns and is the object of a constantly growing interest, mainly in the criminal field and not in social discourses.3 But this phenomenon, positive from some aspects, is not without problems and arouses controversial debates among researchers and actors of the criminal world. This imposition of the victim seems to exist not only in the criminal system, but also in the current socio-political terrain. This predominance is observed in many Western states, lately becoming dominant to some extent both in international criminal law and in international humanitarian law, being taken into consideration the burden of victims in the status granted to them in armed conflicts. The participation of victims in the criminal procedure is generally a recent phenomenon, which seems to be far from being accepted. Victims played and play a secondary role in the tribunals previously established by the International Criminal Court (ICC).4 They were considered only as a means in the de facto absence of a participation or compensation system. Under the influence of strong pressures, the tendency to take into account the opinions and concerns of the victims, including admission in the criminal procedure, became visible in national and international law, and with the involvement of non-governmental organizations and states, the basis of a system was laid that provides for a relatively broad participation of victims in ICC trials. Even if its modalities are still the subject of harsh discussions, it is generally recognized that it is an important and useful tool that would allow victims of serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law to be heard and to hope for possible reconciliation.5 The evolution of the process of increasing interest in victims is the result of political, social and legal tensions that started in the 1960s, with the implementation of state policies regarding victim compensation and the development of victim defense associations, being influenced by the social movement that opted for civil and women's rights. We find that taking the victim into consideration in social and penal policies has progressed in a meteorological manner. National and international investigations allowed taking into account the victims' dissatisfaction with the criminal system, which led to a genuine experience of secondary victimization, which has as a general consequence the tendency of a weak denunciation of the criminal acts to which they were subjected. They also emphasized the diversity and extent of trauma suffered by some victims, especially after going through interpersonal violence, such as rape or family violence. In addition, towards 1950, a new discipline had developed, a component of criminology, but which very quickly became autonomous - victimology. This field of research focuses on the study of the victim, on his psychological and physical reactions to the sustained achievement, but also on his experience of relying on the act of justice and society in general. These various findings gave rise to state structures to help victims, which have spread throughout the world. The victim thus became a political stake.

Principles and norms of law in the constitutional and legal mechanism of ensuring the right to education of children - representatives of indigenous peoples of Ukraine

The article focuses attention on the fact that the principles and norms of law are one of the effective components of the constitutional and legal mechanism of ensuring the right to education of children - representatives of indigenous peoples of Ukraine. Attention is focused on the quality of legal norms as a necessary condition for the effectiveness of the constitutional and legal mechanism of ensuring the right to education of children - representatives of indigenous peoples of Ukraine. It has been established that due to the principle of equality and self-determination of peoples enshrined in the UN Charter, the indigenous peoples of Ukraine - Krymchaks, Karaites, Crimean Tatars - are the people of Ukraine, its component; indigenous peoples of Ukraine have the right to carry out their cultural and social development; the right to education of children - representatives of the indigenous peoples of Ukraine - is a guarantee of the realization of the right to cultural and social development of the indigenous peoples of Ukraine and the subjective rights of each child - a representative of the indigenous people of Ukraine; the right to self-determination belongs to the Ukrainian people, the indigenous peoples of Ukraine are its component, not a separate and isolated component, but a component that is inseparable from the people of Ukraine; every state of the world must respect the right of the Ukrainian people and its integral component - the indigenous peoples of Ukraine - to realize their economic, social and cultural development.
 The principles of the state's internal policy in the sphere of education of children - representatives of indigenous peoples of Ukraine are singled out: 1) the principle of state care; 2) the principle of responsibility (paternalism) of the state; 3) the principle of partnership between the state and indigenous peoples. The analysis of the above­mentioned international act made it possible to establish the role of these principles in the formation (planning) and implementation of state policy in the sphere of education of children - representatives of indigenous peoples of Ukraine: the principle of state care and the principle of responsibility (paternalism) of implementation should be combined with the principle of partnership between the state and indigenous peoples .
 The purpose of the state's activity - it consists in maximally ensuring respect, preservation and development of the identity of the indigenous peoples of Ukraine. The toolkit used for this can also be identified based on the analysis of the Convention of the International Labor Organization on indigenous peoples and peoples leading a tribal way of life in independent countries: 1) correlation of the duties of the state and the rights of the indigenous peoples of Ukraine; 2) stimulation of such an entity as the state by such an entity as the international community to establish partnership forms of interaction with the indigenous peoples of Ukraine; 3) the use of treaties by the international community to stimulate the establishment of partnership forms of interaction with the indigenous peoples of Ukraine;
 4) application by the international community of forcing the state to establish partnership forms of interaction with the indigenous peoples of Ukraine in the event that the state violates the rights of the indigenous peoples of Ukraine, or does not establish partnership forms of interaction.

The state in the mechanism of law-formation as a subject of theoretical and legal knowledge

In the content of the article, the author revealed the relevance of scientific knowledge of state issues in the system of subjects of modern law-formation. It is noted that the state in the modern conditions of the development of society acquires a new multifaceted meaning, since its role is significantly changing, namely the state faces new challenges associated with the resolution of hybrid wars, a significant increase in the number of armed conflicts on the political map of the world, a significant increase level of their aggressiveness, pandemic threats. It is emphasized that today the issue of both the scientific rethinking of the state's regulatory and protective capabilities, and the expansion of scientific ideas about the practical limits of the state's influence in improving regulation and protection of the rights, freedoms, and interests of legal subjects is becoming particularly relevant. The most significant character today is the state's influence on law-formation, ensuring a balance of interests in the formation of law, its formalization, interpretation and further socialization. However, the role of the state in the law-formation mechanism is currently in a state of significant transformation, which is accompanied by the strengthening of the state's influence on law-formation, in particular in terms of ensuring the effective implementation of state policy, especially in the areas of national security and defense, European integration, ensuring social standards, etc.
 The author substantiates that the scientific understanding of the state as a subject of law­formation has an ambiguous character. This is due to the discussion in the understanding of the phenomenon itself - law-formation, its properties, which are laid by scientists as the basis for understanding the mentioned concept, including such a property as subjectivity. From a cognitive point of view, the state in the mechanism of law-formation: firstly, it is characterized by the multifaceted nature of its manifestation and functioning, providing influence and determining the content of law-formation; secondly, it is a polystructural phenomenon, exerting an influence on law-formation through the system of state­authority subjects, ensuring legal regulation of social relations of an international, national, state-wide and regional nature; thirdly, it is an instrumental means that ensures not only the formalization of the law, but also its use, execution, compliance and application; fourthly, it is a functional phenomenon, providing a comprehensive impact on both the formation of the legal framework and legal regulation as a whole; fifth, it is a political phenomenon that ensures the implementation of its own law-formation policy and helps to balance the law-formation interests of other law-formation subjects.

Regulatory and legal regulation of the healtcare sector in Ukraine and Hungary: general and special

This article conducts a comparative analysis of the current state of legal regulation in the healthcare sector in Ukraine and Hungary. The significance of healthcare issues has elevated them to the level of one of the most important state tasks and an internal function of the modern state. This necessitates not only the execution of effective state governance but also the formation and implementation of state policy in this sphere. The article is dedicated to the formation and implementation of state policy concerning the legal regulation of the healthcare sector in Ukraine and Hungary, which underscores its relevance.
 During the writing process, the author researched the system of legal relations and state bodies responsible for performing relevant functions and tasks in the formation and implementation of healthcare policy. It analyzes the legislative system regulating these areas and the practice of its application in both countries. The article identifies the roles and places of the Verkhovna Rada (Supreme Council) of Ukraine and the Hungarian National Assembly, as well as the Cabinets of Ministers and the executive branch systems in both countries in the realization of healthcare policy.
 Like most contemporary scientific developments in this field, the article covers problems of three scientific disciplines – medicine, management, and law. In preparing this article, the author reviewed a considerable amount of medical literature, particularly in social medicine and healthcare organization, thoroughly exploring their scientific issues in both Ukraine and Hungary. However, it aims to illuminate the issues and problems arising in this context, specifically from the legal standpoint, particularly administrative law. Therefore, the focus of this work is primarily on legal categories and concepts – the legal mechanisms for implementing state medical and health improvement programs, ensuring the constitutionally guaranteed right of individuals in Ukraine and the Fundamental Law of Hungary to medical care, healthcare, and medical insurance, particularly the guaranteed level of free qualified medical aid.

A comparative analysis of public-private partnership models in the field of higher education

Subject. This article discusses the issues of cooperation between higher educational institutions and enterprises of the real sector of the economy in Russia and foreign countries. Objectives. The article aims to identify institutional opportunities and constraints for the formation and implementation of projects based on the public-private partnership principles in the field of higher education in Russia. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of institutional, comparative, and content analyses. Results. The article highlights the main tasks related to the development of the system of public-private partnership in the field of higher education. Relevance. The results of the study can be taken into account when developing mechanisms for the implementation of State policy in the field of higher education.

Административно-правовое регулирование миграционных отношений в сфере внешней трудовой миграции

The globalisation of factors of economic development, the development of world economic relations is manifested, in particular, in the formation of the international labour market, stimulating the growth of external labour migration. These processes fully affect Russia and sharply actualise the need to improve legal regulation, a new level of institutional interaction of public administration bodies at the federal and regional levels on the regulation of external labour migration flows. The necessity of developing the concept of external labour migration is proved, which requires a systematic approach based on the “reverse” dichotomous analysis, which makes it possible to consider external labour migration as a single socio-legal phenomenon consisting of relatively autonomous, but organically connected outbound and inbound labour migration flows. Ensuring the national interests of Russia involves the search for an effective administrative and legal mechanism for the implementation of state policy in the field of external labour migration, developing in the unity of closely related outbound and inbound labour migration flows. The imperfection of migration legislation in the field of external labour migration requires its codification, development and adoption of a separate federal law “On external labour migration”.

ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STATE POLICY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES: FINANCIAL ASPECT

The main purpose of the article is a theoretical and methodological substantiation of the optimal choice of a modern strategy for implementing state policy for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine. The object of the study is the development of small and medium-sized businesses. The subject of the study is the state policy for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine. The scientific task posed in the article involves demonstrating a new approach to choosing the optimal strategy for implementing the state policy for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine. The research methodology involves the use of various methods, including the expert analysis method, the paired comparison method, the Delphi method, the integral assessment method, the regression analysis method and a number of general theoretical methods, such as synthesis, deduction, abstract logical, etc. As a result of our research, we presented two models of optimal financial support for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine. The calculation made it possible to select one that is most significant for modern conditions. An approach is proposed to assess the effectiveness of the development of small and medium-sized businesses through the calculation of an integral indicator of the effectiveness of the implementation of state policy for the development of small and medium-sized businesses. The study has limitations and does not take into account statistics for the last year in the calculation due to the lack of a number of indicators due to martial law. Prospects for further research are to focus on solving the problems of effectively countering modern financial threats and risks in the context of implementing state policy for the development of small and medium-sized businesses under martial law.

Dynamics of Islamic Politics in the Early Period of the New Order

This article aims to review the relationship between proponents of Islamic politics and the New Order government. This article uses historical methods, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The research results show that the emergence of the New Order government cannot be separated from the support of military groups and Islamic political forces. The Islamic group's support for the New Order government was related to this group's desire to be involved in implementing state policies, especially in the field of government politics. This desire turned out not to be as expected, because the struggle of Islamic groups in political channels received restrictions and pressure from the government because it was considered to threaten national integration and development

State Level Policies on First Responder Mental Health in the U.S.: A Scoping Review.

A growing body of evidence demonstrates potential adverse mental health outcomes associated with exposure to occupational trauma among first responders. In response, policymakers nationwide are eager to work on these issues as evidenced by the number of states covering or considering laws for mental health conditions for first responders. Yet, little information exists to facilitate understanding of the impact of mental health-related policies in the United States on this important population. This study aims to identify and synthesize relevant state-level policies and related research on first responder mental health in the United States. Using a scoping review framework, authors searched the empirical and policy literature. State level policies were identified and grouped into two categories: (1) Workers' Compensation-related policies and (2) non-Workers' Compensation (WC) related policies. While benefits levels and other specifics vary greatly by state, 28 states cover certain first responder mental health claims under WC statutes. In addition, at the time of this study, 28 states have policies governing first responder mental health outside of WC. Policies include requiring mental health assessments, provisions for counseling and critical incident management, requiring education and training, providing funding to localities for program development, bolstering peer support initiatives and confidentiality measures, and establishing statewide offices of responder wellness, among others. Authors found a dearth of outcomes research on the impact of state level policies on first responder mental health. Consequently, more research is needed to learn about the direct impact of legislation and establish best practice guidelines for implementing state policy on first responder mental health. By conducting systematic evaluations, researchers can lay the foundation for an evidence-based approach to develop more integrated systems that effectively deliver and finance mental health care for first responders who experience work-related trauma. Such evaluations are crucial for building an understanding of the impact of policies and facilitating improvements in the support provided to first responders in managing mental health challenges arising from their work.

Theoretical foundations of identifying the wood processing industry and prospects for achieving its sustainable development

The goal of this article is to examine and justify the theoretical foundations of identifying the wood processing industry and determine the prospects for achieving its sustainable development in the context of a state of war in Ukraine. The relevance of the topic is driven by the necessity to ensure sustainable use of forest resources, the effective functioning of the industry, and consideration of modern environmental and economic challenges. The study employs a comprehensive research methodology, including the analysis of literary sources and a systemic approach to studying the production and utilization chain of forest resources. Based on the conducted research, key categories such as the wood processing industry, forest management, sawmilling industry, pulp and paper, and furniture industries have been identified. Special emphasis is placed on the interaction between these sectors and ways to optimize the use of forest resources. The article analyzes the component composition of the wood processing industry according to the Classifier of Types of Economic Activity (CPEA-2010) and determines the interconnections between its main branches, such as sawmilling, veneer, particleboard, fiberboard, and furniture industries. It is noted that the wood processing industry is a complex system encompassing both primary and secondary wood processing, paper production, and printing activities. The specificity of production and use of forest resources is determined through the principles of sustainable development. It is proven that the transition to the principles of sustainable development is a priority for the wood processing industry, as it contributes to a balance between economic efficiency, social responsibility, and environmental sustainability. In the context of a state of war, the importance of developing innovative methods of conducting business and production in the wood processing industry is discussed. A comprehensive integrated approach to sustainable development is proposed, wherein various stages of production and use of forest resources interact to achieve common goals: sustainability, efficiency, and a balanced impact on the environment. This approach considers economic, social, and environmental requirements, with a focus on developing the industry in the face of the challenges of a state of war. A systemic view of the production and utilization chain of forest resources allows maximizing the interaction and efficiency of the industry. The practical value of the article lies in the development of recommendations for forming a sustainable development strategy for the wood processing industry in conditions of a state of war. The proposed approaches can serve as a basis for decision-making and implementing state policy in the field of forest use and wood processing, considering modern economic, social, and environmental challenges.

Development and implementation of Australian State, territory, and national policy on the health and wellbeing of adolescents and young adults: An exploration of policy actor perspectives using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research

ObjectivesGovernment policies that support the health and wellbeing of young people (aged 10 to 25) can have important individual and societal impacts. The aim of this study was to explore policy actor perspectives on the development and implementation of Australian government policies focussed on the health and wellbeing of young people. MethodsWe utilised a qualitative research design consisting of semi-structured interviews with policy actors with experience working with Australian youth health policies. Our interview guide and analyses were informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). We interviewed 19 participants from various national, state, and territory bodies. ResultsSeveral specific barriers and facilitators to policy development and implementation were identified using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Key policy development barriers were limited available resources (e.g. staffing and funding) and low relative priority within health and political systems. Key policy implementation barriers were limited available resources, limited policy compatibility with health services, cosmopolitanism issues related to interagency collaboration, and a lack of policy evaluation. Meaningful engagement of young people could also be improved. ConclusionsAlthough Australian youth health policies are perceived as evidence-based and comprehensively developed, the ability to promote implementation remains stalled. Implications for Public HealthThe development of policy implementation plans, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, funding and resources, and a strong commitment to removing barriers to working across multiple departments and systems is required to improve outcomes for young people.

Державна політика щодо добробуту населення та продовольчої безпеки України у контексті її конкурентоспроможності: теоретичний аспект

The article is devoted to analyzing the dependence on population well-being and food security in Ukraine in the context of post-war reconstruction and state competitiveness, as well as the risks and limitations of state policy. The article combines three concepts for the first time: «well-being of the population”, «food security», «state competitiveness». The authors used various theoretical and practical approaches, criteria, indicators, and methods that reflect different aspects and problems of population well-being and state competitiveness. They also considered international standards and recommendations and the specificity of national conditions and needs. Population well-being, food security, and state competitiveness depend on each other, but they are not a linear and unambiguous dependence. Various factors, such as context, values, interests, strategies, and policies, influence this dependence. Post-war reconstruction and state competitiveness create new challenges and threats to population well-being and food security in Ukraine, such as uneven distribution of resources, goods, opportunities, and influence among different groups of the population, especially vulnerable and marginalized, negative impact on the environment, which is an essential factor of population well-being, reduction of quality of life, health, security, and happiness of the population. The author proposed a strategy that would consider the interests and needs of different population groups and the preservation and improvement of the environment. Such a strategy should be based on the guaranteed minimum level of well-being, ensuring equal opportunities, improving quality of life, strengthening social cohesion, and ensuring social security, protection, responsibility, and integration. The risks and limitations of state policy on population well-being in Ukraine can be prevented and overcome by conducting administrative, economic, demographic, social, political, defense, environmental, and cultural reforms. The results of this study can be used for planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of state policy on population well-being and state competitiveness in Ukraine, as well as for cooperation with international partners and the public. The author calls for further research on these issues, especially using new data, methods, and tools. Keywords: state policy, food security, well-being, population, Ukraine, strategy, scientific foundations, priorities, challenges, post-war reconstruction, competitiveness, state.

Combatting the financing of terrorism in conflict (war)conditions

The scientific article analyses modern terrorist threats in the territory of Ukraine, associated with the active use of financial assets, the latest technologies and innovative financial instruments, in particular cryptocurrencies. The positive experience of legislative initiatives and advanced practices of several foreign countries in combatting the legalisation of funds by illegal means and the financing of terrorism is highlighted. The problems of implementation of state policy in this sphere are revealed. Based on this, ways of improving the system of fighting terrorism in Ukraine on the international and national levels have been determined. It was concluded that the basis of the state policy in the field of combatting terrorism during the period of martial law and in the post-war period in Ukraine should be the development of the Strategy for Combatting Terrorism in Ukraine, which should take into account both the best world practices and the modern realities of waging war in the conditions of supporting terrorism with financial infusions.

The influence of civil society institutions on the implementation of public administration in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine

The article examines the impact of civil society institutions on the implementation of public administration in Ukraine under martial law. It has been established that civil society is understood as a free association of citizens, the purpose of which is to satisfy common interests, ensure values, and realize rights. The signs of civil society are singled out: it is formed exclusively on a voluntary basis and on the basis of common goals, interests, desires of a certain audience for the purpose of their development and satisfaction; cooperation of civil society as a whole and its institutions in particular with state institutions, being at the same time independent from them to a certain extent; in the formation of public institutions, the greatest value is a person, a person, a citizen, in particular his rights, freedoms and legitimate interests, as well as their implementation in reality; the presence of a certain special and specific structure, the level of development of civil society depends on the level of its complexity. It has been established that the interaction of civil society institutions with state bodies is manifested in participation in the initial development and discussion of draft legal acts, which, among other things, are aimed at the normalization of all spheres that have suffered in one way or another from the aggressor state. It was determined that the influence of civil society institutions in martial law is manifested in their exercise of public control over the activities of state authorities in the form of public monitoring of the preparation and implementation of decisions, examination of their effectiveness. It has been established that the form of interaction between the analyzed subjects is the submission by civil society institutions to state authorities of their own expert proposals, the formation of joint advisory and expert bodies, councils, commissions, and groups to ensure that public opinion is taken into account in the formation and implementation of state policy. It has been established that an important duty of public administration subjects as a form of response to all actions of civil society institutions is to conduct appropriate monitoring and analysis of public opinion, as well as to ensure timely public response to public proposals and comments.

Low-carbon innovation efficiency of high-tech industries and its influencing factors

Abstract China has a vast territory, with an abundance of natural resources. Industrial investment of provinces promulgating and implementing state policies and measures on the basis of the various regions and industries are slowly widening the gap, which leads to significant differences in the level of industrial development. The imbalance between development at both provincial and municipal levels has become more prominent. The state has formulated a policy of coordinated development of the regional economy. There are differences between regions and industries in the demand for technological innovation of high-tech industry. This article is from the regional perspective, industry perspective and the perspective of the two. This paper, through the research of technology innovation and output data of China’s 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, finds the delivery rate is an independent variable of the average number of employees, R&D funds, R&D internal expenditure, external spending, new product sales income, the absorption of funding expenditure, technical transformation of funds for fixed assets, and gross profit as a technological low-carbon innovation efficiency measure. Using factor analysis, multiple regression methods and SPSS software, from the perspective of two regions and industries, enables empirical analysis of the influencing factors of this variable.

The Role of Local Online Communities in the Implementation of State and Municipal Policies: the Opinion of a Young Audience

The article is devoted to the analysis of the role of local Internet communities in public and political communication. The perception of modern student youth of the socio-political role performed by local online communities is considered.The purpose of this paper is to identify the features of an active audience of social media attitude to the idea of the local Internet communities functioning in the context of solving socially significant issues and the sphere of state and municipal government. The aim of the article is to establish the presence or absence of a stable group of users who simultaneously consider local Internet publics and groups, and as a significant and effective mechanism for the development of a particular territory, and an instrument for the implementation of state and municipal policy.The theoretical basis of the study is the theory of the information society and the concept of “Local Internet Community”. The main empirical method is a sociological survey of student youth. The total sample of respondents is 292 people. The results of the survey have been processed using frequency and cross-sectional data analysis, and the corresponding contingency tables have been constructed.The results of the survey have showed that the vast majority of respondents agree that local Internet communities help in solving socially significant issues and create new opportunities for direct civic participation in solving such issues. The majority of respondents also has supported the idea that local online communities are an effective tool for implementing state and municipal policies. However, when answering this question, the audience’s opinion has been seriously divided, many survey participants have not agree with this idea or found it difficult to answer. A cross-sectional analysis of the survey data has made it possible to identify the presence of a relatively large group of respondents who are optimistic about the role of local Internet publics and groups both in resolving issues significant to society and in pursuing an effective state and municipal policy. A generalized conclusion has been made about the importance of using local online communities for political and public actors in the performance of their functions.

Implementation of the state policy in the field of healthcare as a factor of improving the quality of life of the population (regional aspect)

The subject of the research reflected in this article is the implementation of state policy in the field of healthcare in the region, which acts as a key factor determining the quality of life of the population. The object of the study is the health care system of the Lipetsk region and the peculiarities of the regional state policy in the field of health protection. The issues of improving the management of the healthcare system and the implemented state policy are becoming particularly relevant in view of overcoming the consequences of the pandemic and external challenges that have significantly affected this industry. The article reveals the features of theoretical and normative approaches to the essence of state policy in the field of healthcare. Special attention in the study is paid to the trends in the development of the health care system of the Lipetsk region, taking into account regional issues, and tools to improve its effectiveness. The scientific novelty and special contribution of the research lies in the systematic analysis of the results of the implementation of state policy in the field of healthcare in the region in the totality of its components: public health indicators (morbidity, mortality, life expectancy), staffing, digitalization of the industry and financial stability of the healthcare system. As a result of the conducted research, it was concluded that the effectiveness of state policy was achieved through the implementation of a set of measures to improve the organizational processes of medical care, optimize personnel functions, strengthen the material and technical base, etc., which reduced the negative impact of problematic aspects for the health sector of the region and, as a result, will improve the quality of life of the population of the region.

Primary health care organization in municipalities of São Paulo, Brazil: a model of care aligned with the Brazilian Unified National Health System's guidelines.

This study analyzes the main organization patterns used by primary health care (PHC) services in municipal networks and evaluates them according to indicators of local management-administration interface. Evaluative research analyzed 461 municipalities in São Paulo, Brazil, that participated in the Primary Care Services Quality Assessment Survey (QualiAB) in 2017/2018, classified according to the organizational arrangements composition of 2,472 PHC services. Eight indicators of local management and administration were selected to evaluate the identified patterns. Results indicate two groups of municipalities: homogeneous, with services presenting the same arrangement (43.6%); and heterogeneous, with different arrangements (56.4%). These were subdivided into seven patterns that ranged from homogeneous-traditional, homogeneous-Family Health Strategy, homogeneous-mixed, and different combinations in the heterogeneous group. All indicators showed significant differences between groups (p < 0.001), especially the homogeneous-traditional group, which presented an organizational pattern far from the desired model of a comprehensive and problem-solving PHC. Those integrated with family health units (FHU) and basic health units with community health workers and/or family health teams (BHU/FHU) showed a pattern closer to a comprehensive model - with planning and evaluation actions committed to the local reality and qualification of care. Implementation of federal and state policies are essential for defining the PHC health care model adopted by municipalities.

Organização da atenção primária à saúde de municípios de São Paulo, Brasil: modelo de atenção e coerência com as diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde

Abstract: This study analyzes the main organization patterns used by primary health care (PHC) services in municipal networks and evaluates them according to indicators of local management-administration interface. Evaluative research analyzed 461 municipalities in São Paulo, Brazil, that participated in the Primary Care Services Quality Assessment Survey (QualiAB) in 2017/2018, classified according to the organizational arrangements composition of 2,472 PHC services. Eight indicators of local management and administration were selected to evaluate the identified patterns. Results indicate two groups of municipalities: homogeneous, with services presenting the same arrangement (43.6%); and heterogeneous, with different arrangements (56.4%). These were subdivided into seven patterns that ranged from homogeneous-traditional, homogeneous-Family Health Strategy, homogeneous-mixed, and different combinations in the heterogeneous group. All indicators showed significant differences between groups (p &lt; 0.001), especially the homogeneous-traditional group, which presented an organizational pattern far from the desired model of a comprehensive and problem-solving PHC. Those integrated with family health units (FHU) and basic health units with community health workers and/or family health teams (BHU/FHU) showed a pattern closer to a comprehensive model - with planning and evaluation actions committed to the local reality and qualification of care. Implementation of federal and state policies are essential for defining the PHC health care model adopted by municipalities.