Implementation Of Renewable Energy Sources Research Articles

The location as an energy efficiency and renewable energy supply measure for data centres in Europe

The massive data centre energy consumption has motivated significant efforts to use energy efficiency strategies and the implementation of renewable energy sources that reduce their operational costs and environmental impact. Considering that the potential of many of these measures is often closely linked to the climate conditions, the location of data centres can have a major impact on their energy demand. Moreover, from a holistic approach, differences among regions become even more important when accounting for the electricity attributes from the grid. To assess these differences this work compares by the use of energy indicators the behaviour of a data centre located at different representative emplacements in Europe. To do so, a dynamic energy model which incorporates free cooling strategy and photovoltaic energy is developed. The paper concludes by suggesting that future data centre developments could consider site selection as a new strategy to limit the environmental impact attributable to this sector.

ТЕПЛОВИКОРИСТАЛЬНІ ХОЛОДИЛЬНІ МАШИНИ – ШЛЯХИ РОЗВИТКУ І ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ

Heat-using refrigeration machines are a particular case of energy conversion systems working on the inverse thermodynamic cycles. The primary energy for such machines is thermal energy. The heat-using refrigeration machines can be divided into the three groups according to the so-called compensation process: (a) sorption (ab-sorption and ad-sorption) with thermochemical compression, (b) ejection with jet-compression, and (c) compression with mechanical compression/expansion. Development in the field of absorption refrigeration machines associates with using the water-ammonia mixture as a working fluid as well as with utilization of special schematics related to (a) rectification/dephlegmation processes and absorption process, and (b) absorption-compression machines that are most effective as low-temperature refrigeration machines and high-temperature heat pumps. Development in ejection machines goes to the direction of machines with (a) small refrigeration capacities, (b) using the natural working fluids, and (c) implementation of the renewable energy sources with different temperature levels. Development in compression heat-using refrigeration machines associates with (a) using carbon dioxide as a working fluid, (b) implementation of renewable energy sources, and (c) extended possibilities to use these machines within the tri-generation systems. Development and improvement in the field of the heat-using refrigeration machines and heat pumps are the result of long-term and successful theoretical and experimental research has been conducted in the chair “Refrigeration machines and installations” at Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies.

Renewable energy sources in the function of sustainable business in tourism and hospitality industry

Trends on the international tourist market are recording numerous changes almost on a daily basis, regarding the development of ecological tourist offer. Modern tourists are becoming more and more aware of the necessity of applying the principles of sustainable development in everyday life, so the same preferences are being expressed during their stay in their chosen tourist destination. The management of ecologically oriented tourist destination must pay special attention to the use of renewable energy sources, and in its micro-environment encourage an approach to business according to modern ecological standards. The implementation of renewable energy sources in tourism and hospitality industry aims at ensuring the improvement of business, profiling of an ecologically responsible tourist destination, repositioning of the current tourist offer on the international tourist market and achieving competitive advantages and conquest of a specific tourist segment of ecologically-oriented consumers. The aim of the research is to point out the advantages which sustainable development and application of renewable energy sources has on business development in tourism and hospitality industry, with a goal of improving competitive advantages and positive effect on the environment.

Scenario for Implementation of Renewable Energy Sources in Romania

Renewable energy sources represent an alternative to fossil fuels like coal, oil and gases. The pollution generated burning fossil fuels for industrial development and the limited character of energetic fossil resources imposes the necessity to replace them with other sources of energy. The renewable energy sources have some specific characteristics that involve a process of implementation adapted to the region particularities. The paper present a scenario for implementing the renewable energy sources into the Romanian economy, taking account to the specific socio-economic aspects of Romanian society. The target of this scenario is 2020 when Romania needs to ensure 24% of gross energy consumption from renewable sources.

Aspects Regarding Implementation of Renewable Energy Sources in Romania up to 2050

The paper describes the tendencies in the implementation of renewable energy sources in Romania until 2050. It is presented some arguments to justify the necessity to implement the renewable energy sources. Using the potential of renewable sources previously estimated for Romania are presented two scenarios with the necessary considerations.

The electricity consumption and economic growth nexus: Evidence from Greece

This paper attempts to cast light into the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in Greece in a multivariate framework. For this purpose we used cointegration techniques and the vector error correction model in order to capture short-run and long-run dynamics over the sample period 1970–2011. The empirical results reveal that in the long-run electricity demand appears to be price inelastic and income elastic, while in the short-run the relevant elasticities are below unity. We also argue that the causal relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in Greece is bi-directional. Our results strengthen the notion that Greece is an energy dependent country and well directed energy conservation policies could even boost economic growth. Furthermore, the implementation of renewable energy sources should provide significant benefits ensuring sufficient security of supply in the Greek energy system. This evidence can provide a new basis for discussion on the appropriate design and implementation of environmental and energy policies for Greece and other medium sized economies with similar characteristics.

Opportunities and barriers of high‐voltage direct current grids: a state of the art analysis

AbstractLimiting the consequences of the climate change means that global CO2 emissions are to be reduced very rapidly. Taking into account that the expected economic growth of developing countries will inevitably be accompanied by a further growth in emissions in these countries, there is a strong necessity that the energy systems in the industrialized world be transformed into emission‐free ones. This level of reduction requires, for example, that the European Union achieves a ‘nearly zero‐carbon power supply’, involving replacing of fossil fuels in most or all buildings and much of the transport sector by nearly zero‐carbon electricity. It is also clear that the current political framework is, especially in Europe, propitiating the large‐scale implementation of renewable energy sources. In order to make this large implementation economically feasible, it is essential that the potential of these sources is maximized, placing them at sites providing the highest possible output. These sites are often located far away from consumption centers, making compulsory the transmission of large amounts of energy from generation to demand. In the global scenario, the necessary capacity of the power infrastructure for doing such exceeds by far the existing infrastructure and therefore new transmission capacity is necessary. Taking into account that large amounts of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are to be integrated in the current power system and that most of the generation will take place at remote locations requiring new transmission assets, this article answers the question of whether a supergrid is necessary to enable this transformation.This article is categorized under: Energy Infrastructure > Systems and Infrastructure Energy Infrastructure > Climate and Environment

The Electrochemical Flow Capacitor: A New Concept for Rapid Energy Storage and Recovery

AbstractAvailability of grid‐scale electric energy storage systems with response rates on the order of seconds plays a key role in wide implementation of renewable energy sources. Here, a new concept called the electrochemical flow capacitor (EFC) is presented. This new concept shares the major advantages of both supercapacitors and flow batteries, providing rapid charging/discharging while enabling the decoupling of the power and energy ratings. Like in supercapacitors, energy is stored in the electric double layer of charged carbon particles. A flowable carbon‐electrolyte mixture is employed as the active material for capacitive energy storage, and is handled in a similar fashion to flow or semi‐solid batteries (i.e., for charging/discharging, it is pumped into an electrochemical cell, and for storage, it is pumped into reservoirs). This study presents the proof‐of‐concept of this technology and reports initial EFC performance data obtained under static and intermittent flow operations.

Buildings energy sustainability and health research via interdisciplinarity and harmony

Emphasizing that sustainable development, health, social security and renewable energy sources implementation are inextricably linked, paper examines the state of the art of building's health and sustainability relevant technologies. Sustainability definitions, relevant criteria and indicators related to healthy buildings have been searched and studied. Reviewed is the wide range of physically sound interdisciplinary research, results of which are new knowledge and developed synergetic analytical/experimental methods that lead to a sustainable, healthy, comfortable/productive indoor and outdoor environment. Research and knowledge based building intelligence and e-automation are elucidated as crucial technologies and techniques for design, construction and operation of sustainable buildings. Study shows, that qualitative relations and relevant comparative evaluation methods between indoor environmental quality and work performance or health, and further relation of both to the energy and energy efficiency, are not enough neither known nor searched. Initiated research is devoted to the healthy and sustainable buildings relevant performance modeling, evaluation methods and metrics investigation, and determination of all relevant interdependent relations, as well as determination of the relevant synergetic sustainability criteria and indicators. Initial results of related research are presented. Further research needs are outlined, drawing the attention on the role of harmony and interdisciplinarity in synergetic buildings health/sustainability study.

Barriers on the propagation of renewable energy sources and sustainable solid waste management practices in Greece

Renewable energy sources (RES), excluding large hydroelectric plants, currently produce 4.21% of total electricity production in Greece. Even when considering the additional production from large hydroelectric plants, which accounts for some 7.8%, the distance to be covered towards the objective of 20% electricity produced from RES by 2010 and respectively towards 20% of total energy production by 2020 is discouraging. The potential, however, does exist; unfortunately so do serious barriers. On the other hand, solid waste management (SWM) is an issue that generates continuously increasing interest due to the extra amounts of solid waste generated; the lack of existing disposal facilities with adequate infrastructure and integrated management plans, also often accompanied by legislative and institutional gaps. However, socio-economic and public awareness problems are still met in the planning and implementation of RES and SWM projects, together with the lack of a complete national cadastre and a spatial development master plan, specifying areas eligible for RES and SWM development. Specific barriers occur for individual RES and the on-going inclusion of waste-derived renewable energy in the examined palette further increases the complexity of the entire issue. The consolidated study of this broad set of barriers was a main task of the present study which was carried out within the frame of a Hellenic-Canadian research project; the main results will be discussed herein.

Method for Estimation of Efficiency of Using the Biomass for Energy

The method for estimation of the economic and energetic efficiency of the implementation of renewable energy sources has been elaborated. The main focus was laid on biomass as a source of energy. The method and relevant model is applied during the realisation of the interdisciplinary project “Modelling of biomass utilisation for energy purpose”. Use of biomass for energy, as the renewable energy source is to be a way to protect the environment. Therefore economic analyses have to take into consideration also environment costs. Research to be undertaken within above mentioned project will provide data enabling rational choice of kind and technology of production of energy crop the most convenient from economic and ecological points of view. The choice has to include in reckoning local conditions, effecting both the yield and quality of product.

Integrating Sustainable Design Infiltration and Inflow, Into CIP Planning for Bay County WWTP, Bay County, Michigan

Integrating Sustainable Design Infiltration and Inflow, Into CIP Planning for Bay County WWTP, Bay County, MichiganMunicipal wastewater treatment facilities are among the most energy-intensive entities operated by local government. Reducing energy consumption and planning for energy efficient design coupled with the implementation of renewable energy sources offer the best opportunities for sustainable wastewater treatment design.The Bay County WWTP has partnered with Tetra Tech to incorporate a sustainable...Author(s)Brenda PineauPeter DaukssVictor I. CooperwasserJames SpanglerRobert W. WardenKen SchottSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 98: Energy Conservation and Management for Water and Wastewater FacilitiesDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2008ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20080101)2008:8L.7340;1-DOI10.2175/193864708788809338Volume / Issue2008 / 8Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)7340 - 7352Copyright2008Word count193

The role of renewable energy in carbon dioxide emission reduction in Poland

A method based on the efficiency energy coefficient (output/input) is proposed for the assessment of renewable energy sources implementation and for evaluation of their potential for CO 2 emission reduction. Energy coefficients were evaluated for renewable energy sources (such as solar, wind and biomass) as well as for their conventional substitutes based on coal, oil and gas. Relative coefficients for CO 2 emission reduction were calculated in cases where particular conventional energy technology is replaced by appropriate renewable energy technology. Taking into account renewable energy potential in Poland and the calculated relative coefficients, the results of this research indicate a possibility of reducing CO 2 emissions in Poland by ad 2030 by about 40 million tonnes per year, i.e. 9·9% of the total emissions in 1989. The biggest share in this substitution comes from the use of biomass (wood and straw) and solar energy (flat-plate collectors).