Implementation Of Pharmaceutical Services Research Articles

OVERVIEW OF FACTORS INFLUENCING DRUG MANAGEMENT AT PRIMARY HEALTH CENTERS IN INDONESIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Drug management is part of pharmaceutical service activities, which includes interrelated stages: selection, planning, requesting, receiving, storage, distribution, controlling, recording, reporting, monitoring and evaluation, which play an essential role in ensuring the availability of drugs at PHCs. The systematic review aims to identify indicators of drug management at PHCs in Indonesia and analyze factors that influenced it. This systematic review used the PRISMA methods. Google Scholar is an electronic database to identify related studies. This study is limited publications from 2013 to 2023. The quality of the articles was assessed using JBI Critical Appraisal. The electronics database search earned 570 articles, while only nine articles met the criteria for analysis. Several indicators are different from the standards used due to several factors. Based on the result, factors influencing drug management at PHCs include human resources, financing, information management, facilities, and technology. For most of them, human resources are a determining factor that significantly influences the quality of pharmaceutical services at PHC’s in Indonesia. The implementation of pharmaceutical services at the PHCs must be carried out by at least one pharmacist, the person in charge, who can be assisted by pharmaceutical technical staff as needed. Resources humans influence indicators of planning accuracy; suitability of requests; storage; distribution; control; recording, reporting, and archiving. This study's results are to make improvement strategies, including interventions to improve the quality of pharmaceutical services that impact community satisfaction and stakeholders.

Pharmaceutical services in public hospitals in Mexico: a cross-sectional study

To describe the provision of pharmaceutical services within Ministry of Health hospitals in Mexico and identify the main factors that affect their implementation. Between November 2018 and April 2019, we conducted telephone interviews with the heads of pharmacy departments of 413 state and federal Ministry of Health hospitals in Mexico. Responses were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics to determine the main factors influencing the implementation of pharmaceutical services within these public hospitals. Of the 413 hospitals, a total of 96 hospitals in 27 states reported the provision of at least one pharmaceutical service. The most frequently reported services were: patient education on the correct use of medications (23%), provision of information to other health professionals on the rational use of medications (21%), and participation in the hospital´s pharmacovigilance system (19%). The main factors associated with the implementation of HPS were the number of pharmacists (46%, n = 215, p=0.001) and the pharmaceutical- or health sciences-oriented education of the head of the pharmacy department of the hospital (46%, n = 215, P = 0.001). Hiring more pharmacists and ensuring the appropriate professional education of the head of the pharmacy department are key factors to expanding the implementation of pharmaceutical services in Mexico's public hospitals.

Implementation of pharmaceutical services in Brazilian primary health care: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundIn the Brazilian public health system, primary health care (PHC) is provided by the municipalities and is considered the entry level of the Unified Health System (SUS). Governmental pharmaceutical services (PharmSes) are part of the SUS, including PHC, and are the most significant way in which patients access medicine and services. Considering the diversity of the country, the municipalities have the autonomy to decide how PharmSes are implemented. Even though policies and procedures should be implemented as expected by policy makers and experts, municipality characteristics may interfere with implementation fidelity. Therefore, this study evaluated the degree to which the PharmSes in PHC were delivered as intended in Brazilian municipalities.MethodsWe analysed data from a secondary database originating from a cross-sectional nationwide study carried out by the Ministry of Health and the World Bank from 2013 to 2015. Data on 465 municipalities and the Federal District were collected from 4939 governmental PharmSes. A rating system comprising 43 indicators was developed and applied to the dataset to obtain the implementation degree (ID) of each PharmSe. Additionally, the IDs of the two PharmSes dimensions and the nine components were measured.ResultsOverall, the ID of the PharmSes in Brazilian PHC was evaluated as critical. The ID was critical in 81% of the municipalities (n = 369), incipient in 14% (n = 65) and unsatisfactory in 4.8% (n = 22). Regarding the PharmSes dimensions, the ‘medicine management’ (MM) ID was considered critical (Mean = 46%), while the ‘care management’ (CM) ID was incipient (Mean = 22%). In terms of the PharmSes components, the highest ID was achieved by ‘forecasting’ (58%). In contrast, ‘continuing education and counselling’ showed the lowest figure (ID = 11%) in the whole sample, followed by ‘information and communication’ and ‘teamwork’.ConclusionsThe degree to which PharmSes were implemented was critical (ID< 50%). This analysis demonstrated that PharmSes were implemented with low fidelity, which may be related to the low availability of medicine in PHC. Although the care management component requires more attention, considering their incipient ID, all components must be reviewed. Municipalities must increase their investment in PharmSes implementation in order to maximize the benefits of these services and guarantee the essential right of access to medicine.

The implementation of pharmaceutical services in public hospitals in Mexico: an analysis of the legal framework and organizational practice

BackgroundThe implementation of pharmaceutical services in hospitals contributes to the appropriate use of medicines and patient safety. However, the relationship of implementation with the legal framework and organizational practice has not been studied in depth. The objective of this research is to determine the role of these two factors (the legal framework and organizational practice) in the implementation of pharmaceutical services in public hospitals of the Ministry of Health of Mexico.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with four groups of actors involved. The analysis focused on the legal framework, defined as the rules, laws and regulations, and on organizational practice, defined as the implementation of the legal framework by related individuals, that is, how they put it into practice.ResultsThe main problems identified were the lack of alignment between the rules and the incentives for compliance. Decision-makers identified the lack of managerial capacity in hospitals as the main implementation barrier, while hospital pharmacists pointed to poor regulation and the lack of clarity of the legal framework as the problems to consider.ConclusionsAlthough the legal framework related to hospital pharmaceutical services in Mexico is inadequate, organizational factors (such as adequate skills of professional pharmacists and the support of the hospital director) have facilitated gradual implementation. To improve implementation, priority should be given to evaluation and modification of the current legislation along with the development of an official minimum standard for activities and services in hospital pharmacies.

EVALUASI PELAKSANAAN PELAYANAN KEFARMASIAN DI APOTEK WILAYAH KOTA TEGAL TAHUN 2018 (BERDASARKAN PERMENKES NO 35. TAHUN 2014)

The government issued Minister of Health Regulation No. 35 of 2014 concerning Pharmacy Standards at the Pharmacy to serve as guidelines for pharmacist practice in carrying out professional duties to protect the community from Services. The purpose of this study is to find out the evaluation of the standard implementation of pharmaceutical services at the Tegal City Regional Pharmacy in 2018. This research is a descriptive quantitative analysis research. The source of the primary research data and tools in this study is a questionnaire sheet. Research Results from the Management Aspects of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Pharmacy Health Supplies in the City of Tegal Has carried out the management of Pharmaceutical Preparations with Good Category, as well as the Aspects of Pharmacy Resource Management in terms of the presence of Pharmacists and Medical Personnel, but there is less to the presence or absence of pharmacists at the Pharmacy. The aspects of facilities and infrastructure in providing a closed space for counseling can only be said to be sufficient. Aspects of Clinical Pharmacy Services are said to be lacking for monitoring drug therapy, monitoring drug side effects, and home care1. From the aspect of evaluation of service quality, recording medication records is said to be lacking. Whereas the quality of clinical services is also said to be good for attention to allergies, pharmaceutical examination of drugs, and examination of drug availability, but lack of attention to dual medications and contraindications. As well as in the dimension of waiting time, drug service is said to be sufficient. Keywords: Pharmacy, Pharmacy Service, Permenkes No. 35 of 2014

Performance Analysis of Pharmacist and Influencing Factors in the Era of National Healt Insurance at Puskesmas

Puskesmas is one of the first-rate health facilities that organizes National Health Insurance. Pharmacists, who are responsible for pharmacy at Puskesmas, must follow Pharmacy Service Standard at Health Center as stated in Minister of Health Regulation (MHR) no. 74 of 2016 to ensure patient safety, but in the implementation of pharmaceutical services in Puskesmas, it is not done according to the standard of performance in which pharmacists need to be done. The purpose of this study was to assess the suitability of performance with MHR No. 74 of 2016 and factors affecting performance. This research is an analytical descriptive research. Data were retrospectively retrieved through document search and completed with qualitative data through observation sheets. The study was conducted at Puskesmas Kota Yogyakarta, Brebes Regency, and Banjarmasin City. The variables studied were performance conformity with MHR No. 74 of 2016 and the factors that affect the performance of pharmacists in Puskesmas are the characteristics of pharmacists (age, gender, education level, duration of practice and income). The data were analyzed descriptively for the appraisal of pharmacist performance, and the factors influencing the pharmacist's performance were analyzed statistically with independent sample t-test and One Way ANOVA. The number of respondents in this study was 18 pharmacists. The result showed that the pharmacist performance at health center as a whole was 82,97% (high) with achievement of pharmacist performance on drug management aspect and clinical pharmacy in high category that is 76,94% for drug management, and 89% for clinical pharmacy. From the results of this study, it is showed that the influences are the age factor, education, duration of practice, and income on the performance of pharmacists.