Implementation Of Master Plan Research Articles

Persistent, pragmatic and prolific: Urban master planning in Accra, Dar es Salaam and Lilongwe

This paper interrogates the persistence of urban master planning in African cities. Critiques of master planning in Africa label it as a stifling product of colonial legacies, an inappropriate imposition of external ideas, or a device to achieve the goals of global actors, all seen as being at odds with the rapidly changing settlement patterns and needs of many African urban contexts. This paper instead focuses on the role of local planning actors in the demand for and the production of master plans and proposes a different analytical perspective on the role of master planning in African urban contexts. Notably, we point to the weak presence of master planning in colonial contexts, in contrast with the strong activation of master plans to shape the ambitions of newly independent governments. We observe also the nuanced interactions between local actors and transnational circuits and influences in devising and implementing plans. The paper presents three case studies which demonstrate the persistence of master planning practices through the post-independence period and their proliferation in contemporary moments. We document the diverse range of local actors who have chosen to retain or revise colonial planning legacies, initiate new city-wide master planning, or solicit, shape and assume responsibility for master planning promoted by transnational circuits of development and planning. We find that actors embedded in local or national institutions, and a wide variety of transnational actors, are driven by a range of, at times conflicting, interests and ideas about what planning is and is meant to do. Historical surveys and in-depth interviews with current actors, as well as those from the recent past in Accra (Ghana), Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) and Lilongwe (Malawi), help us to identify three aspects of urban master planning which challenge existing interpretations. We observe that master planning has been a persistent presence, although often taking a more ephemeral form in extended “silent” periods when outdated but valued plans remained operative. We note that complex political tensions and institutional landscapes shape enthusiasm for, and control over the nature, preparation, adoption and implementation of master plans, including their being side-lined or resisted – local-national dynamics are crucial here. This leads to a pragmatic engagement with transnational actors to bring forward different kinds of plans. The prolific production of master plans supported by multiple transnational actors in poorly resourced contexts constitutes a dynamic, although at times counterproductive, terrain of visioning and practical planning initiatives seeking to grapple with the pace and unpredictability of urbanisation. Our analysis provides an opening for considering the politics of urban planning from an African-centric perspective and as an active part of African urbanization.

Analysis of the spatial and temporal patterns in land use land cover in Belize city from 1991 to 2021

Urban theorists and planning researchers ignore small cities with ports. Rectifying this neglect, we focus on Belize City. We assess the spatial and temporal patterns of land use and cover changes, utilizing remote sensing analysis and multiyear Landsat satellite images. Focusing on the contemporary period (1991-present), we analyze the impacts of the rapid development of the Port of Belize and its consequent effect on the expansion of the urban built environment of Belize City. In addition to analyzing land use land cover changes, we calculated key indices such as NDVI, NDBI, and LST in Belize City. Importantly, local-level clustering of differences in NDBI and NDVI values is analyzed using LISA analysis. Our results show that the urbanized area has increased in the past 30 years, with corresponding reductions in the area under forest and water. Our analyses reveal three distinctive periods of urban changes: 1991–2001, 2001–2011, and 2011–2021. From 1991 to 2001 most of the urban expansion occurred along the Belize River. Significant urban expansion from 2001 to 2011 is related to a private company managing and developing the port, accelerating construction around the port. Finally, from 2011 to 2021, the process of urban sprawl slowed, with only sporadic new construction in the suburbs, due to the master planning at the port. Nevertheless, masterplan implementation delays, numerous appeals, and weak enforcement of regulations have not curbed unplanned urbanization.

Local government shift and national housing program: Spatial repercussions on urban growth

This paper contributes to understanding the territorial politics of urban growth, especially concerning the strategies and means of controlling urban expansion (transformation of natural or rural land into urban, built-up areas). We analysed the urban growth/expansion processes resulting from three consecutive periods of master plan implementation practices in a medium-sized Brazilian city (Araraquara). The goal was to quantitatively assess whether a national market-oriented housing program (MCMV) could be accountable for disparities in spatial outcomes of physical growth associated with different territorial governance arrangements during contrasting local government mandates. Although the MCMV program introduced extensive peri-urban expansion, especially towards headwater preservation areas that nowadays juxtapose social and environmental vulnerabilities in Araraquara, it was not solely responsible for the discernible spatial trends observed after 2009. These results offer insights into how changes in territorial governance arrangements can affect master plan implementation practices.

Are human activities consistent with planning? A big data evaluation of master plan implementation in Changchun

Urban planning has a significant impact on human spatial activities. The evaluation of urban planning implementation is important to determine how urban planning can guide spatial activities. However, existing evaluation methods focus more on physical space and largely neglect the object of urban planning—the people themselves. Furthermore, they rarely evaluate whether urban construction truly meets people’s demands. This study analyzes the spatial pattern of employment in Changchun, China, based on data on human activities and compares it with the Changchun Master Plan. Spatial patterns and the structure of employment in Changchun were calculated using mobile phone signal data, and the implementation effect of employment space in the master plan was evaluated using human activity patterns. The results demonstrate that although urban planning plays a role in guiding residents’ employment activities, it cannot achieve the plan’s desired effect. Many construction lands do not play an effective role in guiding residents’ spatial behavior based on the master plan. Moreover, the commuting distance in suburban areas is much longer than that in central areas. This phenomenon is not caused by the plan’s multicenter structure but by the lagging of the urban development behind planning expectations and delays in planning revision. This study indicates that urban planning evaluation is important after implementation and big data are a significant tool as they can precisely assess whether the plan has achieved its goals.

Planning Law and Federalism in Nigeria: The Dilemma of Implementation of the Niger Delta Regional Development Master Plan

Judgement of courts interpreting the Nigerian constitutional position on urban and regional planning as a residual matter in line with the spirit of federalism has created a quagmire as to the place of the Niger Delta Regional Development Master Plan and its effective implementation in States in the Niger Delta. This study is qualitative research derived from content analysis using inductive - deductive reasoning, from secondary data obtained from court judgements, Federal and State laws, law reports, journals, books and internet materials relevant to the subject matter to construct its position. Subjective opinions were intuitively canvassed in analyzing how the interplay between the Federal and State Governments affects the Niger Delta Regional Development Master Plan implementation. The study concludes that the Niger Delta Regional Development Master Plan remains a visitor at the doorpost of State Governments in line with extant laws and the federal structure system practised in Nigeria. It recommends the adoption of the Niger Delta Regional Development Master Plan within the legal and institutional development planning framework of each Member State of the Niger Delta and the activation of the Niger Delta Development Advisory Committee as a panacea to the dilemma of implementation of the master plan. Keywords: Planning law, Federalism, Niger Delta Regional Development Master Plan, Court Judgement.

Realising the Objectives of Infrastructure Master Plan: the Role of Internal Operatives

The infrastructure master plan, in a higher education institution, serves as a blueprint for the coordinated and progressive development of the physical infrastructure and services to create a suitable academic environment required to promote teaching, learning and research. Implementation of master plan or organisation strategy is usually long-term, subject to rational and objective adjustment due to internal and external dynamics. Management and other internal role players were faced with dynamic economic and social circumstances that called for responsive and adaptive decision-making to implement the infrastructure master plan successfully. The single site case study method of qualitative research was adopted in the exploration of the development and implementation process of the infrastructure master plan of a higher education institution in Zimbabwe. The findings revealed that internal and external dynamics were managed through the collaborative relationship and participatory leadership of the University Council (Board), Building Committee and the Works Department of Estates of the institution. This provided stability and focused developments, while trying to cope with divergent pressure. The strategic infrastructure development of the master plan was achieved through the innovative use of multiple prong development strategies, which included new construction, rehabilitation of existing buildings, the purchase and renting of suitable properties.

Urban Growth and Sustainable Development of the Built Environment in Abuja Metropolis

Rapid urban growth in the federal capital of Nigeria in the last two decades has more effect on the development changes that characterized the cosmopolitan city. This has put enormous pressure on the built environment, where urban construction and transformation are taking place. The paper assessed urban growth and sustainable development of the built environment in Abuja. Its causes and consequences were investigated with respect to five {5} districts that make up the metropolis. The approach to this research is urban environmental sustainability in defining developmental change patterns for quality of the built environment research is presented, and a number of key performance indicators variables were examined. Seventy five (75) questionnaires were distributed to purposive respondents and Sixty- nine (69), accounting for 92% of the number of distributed questionnaires were retrieved and employed for data analysis. The research collected data using a uni-variated analysis on 31 rated likert of a five-point scale. Using descriptive and inferential statistics techniques, the sum weighted score (SWS), mean weighted score (MWS) and Relative Importance Index (RII) rating was obtained. Four major findings were discovered. Firstly, the predominantly building development skyline were for commercial services (MWS= 3.88). Secondly the factor of change in urban growth revolves around public building use and redevelopment of residential properties involving Increase property/Rental Value (MWS= 3.68). Thirdly the major determinants of urban growth were identified as social, economic and spatial political factors as demolition of satellite settlement (MWS=3.35) and lastly non adherence to managerial practices of building regulations enforcement and it implementation in construction. The noticeable consequences had been planning regulation/ provision (MWS=3.14) among others. The study recommended that property developer and stakeholder should adhere to designated master plan implementation and control measures while policy makers should focus more on meeting contemporary urban challenges such as rapid urbanization, balance between economic development and urban sustainability as well as environmental change.

Exploring sustainable urbanism in masterplanned developments: a collective case study of slippage between principles, policies, and practices

ABSTRACT This article is concerned with masterplan implementation and with exploring, via recourse to case studies, slippages between masterplanning principles, policies, and practices. Framed by a growing body of sustainable urbanism literature we analyse evidence from five masterplanned communities in the UK and Australia to comparatively explore how some key theoretical principles are translated into placemaking in inner urban, suburban, outer urban and semi-rural contexts. We observe varying degrees of disjuncture between masterplanning principles and the urban form envisioned by, and realized through, actual masterplanning proposals and implementation. We postulate that various degrees of slippage at each stage from proposals to practices have occurred which can affect capacity to meet principles of sustainable urbanism. Analysis of the five cases demonstrates where some potential “tripping-up” points lie in the masterplanning process, hinting at broader impediments to delivering masterplanning that is more closely aligned to sustainable urbanism principles in future.

EVALUATING FUTURE WATER QUALITY OF URBAN RIVERS IN HANOI UNDER EFFECT OF URBANIZATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE - THE APPLICATION OF WEAP MODEL FOR CAU BAY RIVER

Every day, up to 750,000 cubic meters of wastewater in Hanoi metropolitan areas is discharged directly into rivers and lake, of which only 10% is treated to the Vietnamese standards. According to the water drainage development master plan for the capital city of Hanoi until 2030, the government aim at dealing with flooding and improve environmental sanitation for local residents. With respect to the baseline and Master plan implementation scenarios, this study evaluates the future water quality of urban rivers in Hanoi under the effect of urbanization and climate change using Water Evaluation And Planning tool (WEAP) and take the Cau Bay catchment as the case study. The result shows that, without implementation of wastewater treatment plant, the water quality of Cau Bay River will be worse with the DO in dry season is 0.2-1.2 mg/l and BOD is 52.0-55.0 mg/l. With the implementation of Master plan, the level of DO and BOD would be 7.1-7.3 mg/l and 7.0-13.8 mg/l respectively in the dry season whereas the values are 3.7 mgO/l and 36.1-41.8 mg/l in the wet season. The degradation of wastewater during the wet season is results from the combine- overflow sewage system as designed in the master plan.

Assessing the impact of master plan on the dynamicity and resilience of forest cover change: a study on Adina Deer Park (Forest), West Bengal, India

Assessing land use and land cover change as well as monitoring dynamic nature of forest cover plays an important role for the management of biodiversity and its native ecosystem. The present paper mainly focuses on the impact of master plan on dynamicity and resilience of Adina Deer Park since 1990–2017 using multi-temporal LANDSAT data. Supervised pixel and object oriented techniques and change detection method have been used for both pre (1990–2015) and post (2015–2017) master plan. Landscape metrics have also been analyzed to detect forest fragmentation applying fragstats software. Overall accuracies for both classified images of 2010 and 2017 were 81.25% and 84.12%. The forest cover changes map exhibits that dense forest and water bodies increased from 15.68 to 39.64 ha and 8.12 to 9.17 ha whereas sparse forest and bare land declined from 31.02 to 22.08 ha and 22.59 to 9.11 ha respectively. The result showed a significant increase in dense forestand sparse forest with annual growth rate of 20% and 15.97% after the implementation of master plan in 2015. This study may assist the planners and policy makers to adopt the environmental and ecological oriented strategies for sustainable management of ecosystems and biodiversity.

Методологические подходы к управлению территориальным развитием города в условиях цифровизации

The digital transformation of the city development management, the development of information base for the implementation of plans and programs on improvement of the urban environment quality is an urgent task. The article considers methodological approaches to the formation of a methodological basis for digital transformation of the city territorial development management system. The authors have carried out an analysis of scientific works in the field of the city management digitalization and legislative acts concerning the procedure for monitoring of the City Master Plan implementation. Based on the results of the research, the principles and objectives of monitoring are indicated, and an algorithm for the formation of the system of monitoring indicators is proposed aimed at assessing the efficiency of the City Master Plan implementation.

PARADOKS PENERAPAN GOOD GOVERNANCE DI INDONESIA: SUATU TINJAUAN KRITIS MP3EI

This paper explained how harmful the implementation of good governance has been to the well-being of Indonesian people. The concept of good governance starts as a prescription from international finance institution to fix the economic condition of developing state and bring them towards prosperity. On recent developments, good governance has instead become an instrument of control to dictate the policy-making of developing state. This paper argued that good governance actually represents neoliberalism agenda which seeks to engineer the economic landscape of a certain country so it can be more compatible to the needs of global market. This would be proven by problematizing the concept of good governance as well as analysis on the definition of good governance provided by five of its main proponents: UN, UNDP, IMF, World Bank and OECD. Further evidence will be shown through case study in the implementation of Masterplan for Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia’s Economic Development (MP3EI) which was made in the name of commitment to good governance principle. This paper found that the implementation MP3EI was only advantageous for businessmen and big corporates but tormenting the people of Indonesia. This was a paradox since good governance which is supposed to make a prosperous state instead tormenting the people that should be the state’s main constituent.

Impact of Kigali City master plan implementation on living conditions of urban dwellers: case of Nyarugenge District in Rwanda

The increasing population and inadequate planning resulted in informal settlements and poor social infrastructures in Kigali City. As response, the Kigali City authority adopted the Kigali City Master Plan (KCMP) to guide the urban development. However, no evaluations of the KCMP implementation has been carried out. This study assessed therefore the level of KCMP implementation and its impact on living conditions of urban dwellers in Nyarugenge District. We evaluated the KCMP implementation using Geographical Information System (GIS) overlay analysis, based on indicators of degree of conformity: accordance, unfulfillment and deviation. We assessed the impact of KCMP implementation using a paired sample t-test analysis to compare the availability/accessibility of urban quality of life indicators before and after the adoption of the KCMP. The results indicated that the level of KCMP implementation is low due to zoning categories and construction standards that are not affordable for low-income citizens. Nevertheless, this implementation has partly improved dwellers’ living conditions through the provision of some elements of urban quality of life. The KCMP should be revised thereby considering the affordability of its implementation by different stakeholders including low-income populations. Further researches should assess negative impacts of KCMP implementation on living conditions of urban dwellers.

City Profile: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Cities in Africa are experiencing fast urbanization with growing demand for basic services. The city of Dar es Salam, one of the fastest growing cities in the region and the world, is likely to guide the urban future in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam is the former capital city of Tanzania and retains its importance as most of the government offices were located. However, the whole process of complete relocation of government offices to the present capital city of Dodoma might affect the dynamics in Dar es Salaam in the near future. Nevertheless, it is the leading commercial centre and economic hub in Tanzania and is expected to be a mega city by 2030. The growth of the city is construed by both natural increase and high rate of migration. However, the city’s organic growth was affected by racial-based residential segregation under the colonial regime, whose imprints are evident to date. In this profile, an overview of Dar es Salaam’s colonial, post-colonial, social, economic and location factors that led to urbanization is provided. This profile highlights the previous, current and future challenges, and explores the pathways to enhance sustainability and transformation of Dar es Salaam to be a smart city. Poor implementation of master plans led to minimal guidance of city growth, but the current land and and human settlement policy emphasizes on sustainable approach in urban planning including low costs but sustainable settlements even for the urban poor. Such transformation requires government and city management to invest in better planning implementation, creation of database that will inform future planning, improvement in social services such as infrastructure, access to quality and affordable housing, water and electricity supply. This paper contributes to the existing literature on nature of cities in developing countries, which had been affected by colonialism and poor implementation of policies, and suggest ways in which cities can to become smarter and sustainable.

EUROPEAN DIMENSION IN QUALIFICATIONS FOR THE TOURIST SECTOR AS AN INSTITUTION FOR RUSSIAN DESTINATIONS DEVELOPMENT

Adaptation of the best practices of the extensive and nationally specific European experience in the field of measurement of qualifications becomes particularly appropriate as there is some delay in the development of Russian scientific, practical and methodological approaches to the national qualifications framework. At the same time, the shortage of highly qualified personnel in the fast-growing tourist sector is becoming chronic, and the results of creating tourist clusters are ambiguous, with a large share of failures in the implementation of master plans for territorial tourism development. In this regard, the acceleration of the development of a structured measurement of qualifications in the form of a national qualifications framework becomes demanded not only to achieve greater maturity and effectiveness of the Russian educational and professional systems in the tourism sector, but also as a common institution for the strategic development of Russian destinations in training areas, technologies, competencies and the innovation potential of the tourism and hospitality industry. The projects of the European Commission ERASMUS+ are one of the effective network channels for the development of national and international expertise in structural measures to optimize educational systems, and in particular, to compare and develop systems, matrices frameworks for qualifications. The article represents an attempt to highlight how the implementation of a structured project in the field of qualifications can correspond both to general progressive trends in the evolution of educational systems and to the overall objectives of territorial tourist development. As a conceptual result, the authors identify six mid-term and six long-term effects of the developments of a national qualifications framework that directly and indirectly provide beneficial outcomes within the development of Russian destinations through improving the focus of retraining and advanced training programs, enhancing lifelong learning, promoting labor mobility in the tourism sector, successful validation of informal education, wider circulation of partial and intermediate qualifications in the tourism and hospitality industry. Adjacent to this issue is the problem of the relationship between the development of educational clusters in the tourism sector and the national qualifications framework, on the one hand, and tourism clusters, on the other, the consideration of which is also presented in this article.

EUROPEAN DIMENSION IN QUALIFICATIONS FOR THE TOURIST SECTOR AS AN INSTITUTION FOR RUSSIAN DESTINATIONS DEVELOPMENT

Adaptation of the best practices of the extensive and nationally specific European experience in the field of measurement of qualifications becomes particularly appropriate as there is some delay in the development of Russian scientific, practical and methodological approaches to the national qualifications framework. At the same time, the shortage of highly qualified personnel in the fast-growing tourist sector is becoming chronic, and the results of creating tourist clusters are ambiguous, with a large share of failures in the implementation of master plans for territorial tourism development. In this regard, the acceleration of the development of a structured measurement of qualifications in the form of a national qualifications framework becomes demanded not only to achieve greater maturity and effectiveness of the Russian educational and professional systems in the tourism sector, but also as a common institution for the strategic development of Russian destinations in training areas, technologies, competencies and the innovation potential of the tourism and hospitality industry. The projects of the European Commission ERASMUS+ are one of the effective network channels for the development of national and international expertise in structural measures to optimize educational systems, and in particular, to compare and develop systems, matrices frameworks for qualifications. The article represents an attempt to highlight how the implementation of a structured project in the field of qualifications can correspond both to general progressive trends in the evolution of educational systems and to the overall objectives of territorial tourist development. As a conceptual result, the authors identify six mid-term and six long-term effects of the developments of a national qualifications framework that directly and indirectly provide beneficial outcomes within the development of Russian destinations through improving the focus of retraining and advanced training programs, enhancing lifelong learning, promoting labor mobility in the tourism sector, successful validation of informal education, wider circulation of partial and intermediate qualifications in the tourism and hospitality industry. Adjacent to this issue is the problem of the relationship between the development of educational clusters in the tourism sector and the national qualifications framework, on the one hand, and tourism clusters, on the other, the consideration of which is also presented in this article.

The Creation of Abuja, Nigeria Slums: A case of Abuja, Nigeria’s failed Master Plan Implementation

The Creation of Abuja, Nigeria Slums: A case of Abuja, Nigeria’s failed Master Plan Implementation

Non Implementation of the Greater Jos Urban Master Plan: Options and Strategies

<p><em>This paper seeks to review the non-implementation of the Greater Jos Urban Master plan, considering some options and strategies. It was carried out by examining the current master planning approach and master planning-cum-spatial planning. The research strategy used is </em><em>“</em><em>mixed method</em><em>”</em><em> with a deductive-inductive reasoning. </em><em>Multiple sampling methods were adopted; t</em><em>he s</em><em>nowball to get </em><em>30 Town planners working in the 9 </em><em>case studies (</em><em>planning authorities</em><em>) to be engaged in the face-to-face interview</em><em>, Purposive and Convenience sampling methods were employed to select over 90 documents on planning authorities and implementation of master plan in Jos, metropolis, Nigeria. The instruments employed were face-to-face interviews and review of archived documents on the implementation of master plans and other options. </em><em>The data obtained through the face-to-face interviews and the 90 archive documents were analysed using the thematic and content analyses. The results obtained revealed that the implementation of the proposed greater Jos Urban master plan was affected by unproved legislations, the plethora of planning authorities covering the planning region and inadequate funding as well as its phasing. Hence the consideration of the strategies to employ for the implementation of plans which concluded with the recommendations to help practitioners (Town Planners), policy makers (Legislators in the area of planning) and the academia. </em></p>

Master plans and urban change: the case of Sheffield city centre

ABSTRACTThis paper critically examines the character, development and implementation of master plans as vehicles of urban change. The case of Sheffield’s city centre master planning is used to analyze how the city was reimagined from the early 1990s to the mid-2010s, and how the economic, cultural, social and political dimensions of urban regeneration were addressed. The paper argues that, in comparison to the post-war, welfare-state master plans, the master plans of the neoliberal period had a narrower spatial and thematic focus, linking place qualities to economic considerations, to be delivered through real estate investment. As such, social considerations were marginalized and, when a major economic crisis occurred, the new generation master plans’ lack of flexibility and vulnerability to economic fluctuations became apparent, much the same as their predecessors. This shows how master plans can be effective instruments for mobilizing investment and coordinating development around a selective spatial vision in periods of economic growth, but their utility is severely curtailed in economic downturns, when their coordinative potential is much diminished. They run the risk of becoming top-down technical devices to coordinate speculative real estate investment, without durable connections to the local economic and social capacities and needs.

PASSENGER SATISFACTION ON THE SERVICES PROVIDED BY HALIM PERDANA KUSUMA AIRPORT JAKARTA IN 2014

Halim Perdana Kusuma International Airport is integrated with the development of National Economic Zones, which is included in the implementation of Master Plan for the Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesian Economic Development in Java and Sumatra islands. The operation of Halim Perdana Kusuma Airport is expected to become a locomotive for the economy of its surrounding regions because its presence will encourage the emergence of new centers of growth and economic activities. The operation of Halim Perdana Kusuma airport signifies the seriousness of the Indonesian government in preparing the accelerated development of national connectivity and supporting infrastructures in order to support the trade connectivity and it is projected to be national and regional aviation hub. Service is an act, performance appearance, intangible and it quickly disappears, which can only be consumed but can not be held, where customers can participate more actively in the process of consuming it. Assessment by customers on the performance of service providers will greatly influence the passenger satisfacti. If the passengers with a high level of importance or expectations find the airport performance comparable with their hope, thus it gives satisfaction to the passengers. Passenger satisfaction will have a positive impact on the airport, by which the airport sales volume will likely increase if the passengers' past experience as well as its word of mouth are positive.