Implementation Of Innovative Strategies Research Articles

On Engineering Innovation and Engineering Philosophy

Innovation activities promote the development and advancement of human society. The implementation of innovation strategies is an essential tool for a country to have a competitive advantage. Innovation activities follow distinct rules, which can be explored from the perspectives of both individual and team innovation. Individual innovation is influenced by an individual’s knowledge structure, experience, and mindset, whereas team innovation is faced with more complicated systematic problems that should be examined in terms of institutional, organizational, and cultural contexts. Engineering is a fundamental practice in human society. Engineering innovation is the foundation of economic and societal development of humanity and the cornerstone of the innovation strategies of a country. The law of engineering innovation should be summarized from engineering practices and sublimated into engineering philosophy. Through such philosophy, including "systematic thinking, whole advancement, and the optimal combination of subjectivity and objectivity" , the multiple objectives of an engineering project are coordinated, and the diverse factors of the project are systematically integrated. Furthermore, the advancement of engineering science and the improvement of engineering innovation outcomes also require the integration of engineering innovation factors guided by such philosophy.

Peer Recruitment Strategies for Female Sex Workers Not Engaged in HIV Prevention and Treatment Services in Côte d'Ivoire: Program Data Analysis.

BackgroundIn the context of the mostly generalized HIV epidemic in Côte d’Ivoire, key populations bear a higher burden of HIV than that borne by the general reproductive-aged population. Mathematical models have demonstrated the significant potential impact and cost-effectiveness of improving the coverage of HIV prevention and treatment services for key populations in Côte d’Ivoire. However, in 2019, coverage of these services remained limited by multiple intersecting stigmas affecting key populations, necessitating the study of innovative implementation strategies to better meet the needs of those most marginalized. Here, we leverage programmatic data to compare the effectiveness of the enhanced and traditional peer outreach approaches in reaching and providing community HIV testing to female sex workers not readily engaged in HIV prevention and treatment services in Côte d’Ivoire.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of female sex workers reached by the LINKAGES project in Côte d’Ivoire with enhanced peer outreach and traditional peer outreach and to compare HIV-related outcomes between the women reached by both strategies.MethodsDeidentified routine programmatic data collected as part of LINKAGES Côte d’Ivoire between October 2017 and April 2018 were used in these analyses. Demographic characteristics and HIV indicators including HIV testing history, HIV case-finding, linkage to HIV treatment, and treatment initiation were assessed using descriptive statistics. Differences in these indicators were compared by outreach strategy using Pearson chi-square tests.ResultsThere were 9761 women reached with enhanced peer outreach and routine peer outreach included in these analyses. The overall case-finding rate in the sample was 7.8% (698/8851). Compared with women reached by routine outreach, those reached by enhanced peer outreach were more likely to have previously been tested for HIV (enhanced: 1695/2509, 67.6%; routine: 4302/7252, 60.0%; χ21=43.8; P=.001). The enhanced peer outreach approach was associated with a higher HIV case-finding rate (enhanced: 269/2507 10.7%; routine: 429/6344, 6.8%; χ21=32.3; P=.001), higher proportion of linkage to treatment (enhanced: 258/269, 95.9%; routine: 306/429, 71.3%; χ21=64.4; P=.001), and higher proportion of treatment initiation (enhanced: 212/269, 78.8%; routine: 315/429, 73.3%; χ21=2.6; P=.11). Women reached by both approaches were categorized as high risk for HIV-related behaviors such as condomless sex and number of sex acts in the previous week.ConclusionsThese analyses suggest that the novel peer-referral strategy, the enhanced peer outreach approach, was effective in reaching female sex workeres in Côte d’Ivoire with demonstrated acquisition risks for HIV and who had not been effectively engaged by routine outreach approaches. Scaling up novel strategies such as enhanced peer outreach in the context of differentiated service models may be needed to optimize HIV prevention and treatment outcomes for key populations in Côte d’Ivoire.

Achieving Country-Wide Scale for Helping Babies Breathe and Helping Babies Survive.

Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) was piloted in 2009 as a program targeted to reduce neonatal mortality (NM). The program has morphed into a suite of programs termed Helping Babies Survive that includes Essential Care for Every Baby. Since 2010, the HBB and Helping Babies Survive training programs have been taught to >850 000 providers in 80 countries. Initial HBB training is associated with a significant improvement in knowledge and skills. However, at refresher training, there is a knowledge-skill gap evident, with a falloff in skills. Accumulating evidence supports the role for frequent refresher resuscitation training in facilitating skills retention. Beyond skill acquisition, HBB has been associated with a significant reduction in early NM (<24 hours) and fresh stillbirth rates. To evaluate the large-scale impact of the growth of skilled birth attendants, we analyzed NM rates in sub-Saharan Africa (n = 11) and Nepal (as areas of growing HBB implementation). All have revealed a consistent reduction in NM at 28 days between 2009 and 2018; a mean reduction of 5.34%. The number of skilled birth attendants, an indirect measure of HBB sustained rollout, reveals significant correlation with NM, fresh stillbirth, and perinatal mortality rates, highlighting HBB's success and the need for continued efforts to train frontline providers. A novel live newborn resuscitation trainer as well as a novel app (HBB Prompt) have been developed, increasing knowledge and skills while providing simulation-based repeated practice. Ongoing challenges in sustaining resources (financial and other) for newborn programming emphasize the need for innovative implementation strategies and training tools.

System of innovative business strategic management of the enterprise

The article deals with the system of innovative business strategic management of the enterprise. The relationship between the content of competitive strategies and the adoption of innovative decisions in a specific strategic area of ​​management is substantiated, a mechanism for the formation and implementation of innovative strategies is proposed, including the analysis of the external environment, the definition of the goals and objectives of the innovative development of the enterprise.

Ending the HIV Epidemic Among Persons Who Inject Drugs: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Six US Cities.

Persons who inject drugs (PWID) are at a disproportionately high risk of HIV infection. We aimed to determine the highest-valued combination implementation strategies to reduce the burden of HIV among PWID in 6 US cities. Using a dynamic HIV transmission model calibrated for Atlanta, Baltimore, Los Angeles, Miami, New York City, and Seattle, we assessed the value of implementing combinations of evidence-based interventions at optimistic (drawn from best available evidence) or ideal (90% coverage) scale-up. We estimated reduction in HIV incidence among PWID, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for each city (10-year implementation; 20-year horizon; 2018 $ US). Combinations that maximized health benefits contained between 6 (Atlanta and Seattle) and 12 (Miami) interventions with ICER values ranging from $94 069/QALY in Los Angeles to $146 256/QALY in Miami. These strategies reduced HIV incidence by 8.1% (credible interval [CI], 2.8%-13.2%) in Seattle and 54.4% (CI, 37.6%-73.9%) in Miami. Incidence reduction reached 16.1%-75.5% at ideal scale. Evidence-based interventions targeted to PWID can deliver considerable value; however, ending the HIV epidemic among PWID will require innovative implementation strategies and supporting programs to reduce social and structural barriers to care.

Methodological Approach in Assessing the Level of Innovative Development of an Enterprise (On the Example of Housing and Communal Services Sphere)

In the context of the digital economy formation the level of innovative development of the enterprise is a marker of the readiness of the economic system for digital transformation. Digital transformation makes it possible to digitize all the aspects of the business that generate interfaces for interacting with clients and then digital technologies are used to obtain results through the implementation of innovative strategies and the production of innovative products. The results of the study in which the subject is the methodological aspects of assessing the level of innovative development of an enterprise are relevant. The article formulates the necessary conditions for ensuring the economic efficiency of enterprises of various industries and fields of activity (the availability of innovative potential, a sufficient level of innovative development, high readiness to develop and implement a leader’s strategy). The scientific hypothesis is the assumption that it is necessary to use a methodological approach based on the phased implementation of assessment procedures and the use of assessment methods corresponding to each stage. An algorithm for assessing the level of innovative development of an enterprise is proposed, the concept of innovative potential is clarified and its structure which takes into account the digital transformation of the economy is determined. The indicators of assessing innovative potential and the level of innovative development of the enterprise are substantiated. The proposed methodological approach was tested using the enterprises in the field of housing and communal services of the BFA Group management company.

Sustainability in Tourism as an Innovation Driver: An Analysis of Family Business Reality

Sustainable tourism can be the motivation to manage resources to satisfy environmental, social and economic needs through cultural integrity, biological diversity, ecological processes, social and economic equity, and general enrichment. Based on a systematic literature review conducted on research papers published between 2015 and 2020, and on the case studies contained within them (19 papers), this analysis focuses on the innovation drivers and sustainability drivers identified within family businesses in tourism. This desk-based research has made it possible to highlight how variable sustainability is present, albeit in a limited fashion, within family businesses in tourism; at the same time, it also shows how innovative strategies contribute to sustainable development. From the analysis, the correlations between family businesses, family dynamics, sustainability practices, innovation drivers and case studies were analyzed. The results show the poor implementation of innovative strategies, and at the same time, the presence of other variables that guarantee the adoption of sustainable practices. Important research gaps are identified, and future research priorities are suggested. Furthermore, the article is based on a collection of non-exhaustive literary sources. The implications for both family businesses and sustainable development are discussed.

The adoption of e-Health in public hospitals. Unfolding the gender dimension of TMT and line managers

ABSTRACT Within the public management literature, this paper analyses the contribution of women in top and line managerial positions for the public hospital’s innovation in terms of e-Health. It empirically examines Italian public hospitals and uses a combined measure of innovation by relying on different e-Health solutions. Findings show that female managers, especially when characterized by a legal background, foster the implementation of innovative strategies and facilitate the e-Health adoption. However, results report that gender similarity increases the rivalry between top management team and line managers thus limiting the adoption of e-Health solutions.

Creation of a System for Managing and Coordinating Research and Development Activities at High-Tech Enterprises

The article considers the role of research and development in the activities of high-tech enterprises. The problems that arise during the implementation of innovation and investment activities of enterprises are analyzed, which are associated with the complexity of the commercial evaluation of developments and new products, the incompleteness of research, the lack of infrastructure for the design of new technologies, as well as the fragmentation of financial opportunities with development potential. It is concluded that most of the problems that arise at the design stage of research and development work cannot be effectively resolved by a set of separate measures. In this regard, the article proposes the construction of a management and coordination system for research and development. This system is integrated into a functional management system, focused on the successful implementation of innovative strategies and the growth of market value of high-tech enterprises. The main tasks of constructing such a system are given, its components are described in detail. The use of the “stage-gate” method to provide an objective selection of research and development work within the framework of the direction for the development of the project management subsystem is justified. The article presents the author's method of comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of R&amp;D projects, based on the use of an integral indicator. To reduce the subjectivity of the method of expert analysis, the need for the correct selection of experts is noted. Experts must have managerial experience in enterprises engaged in or financing research, development and commercialization of R&amp;D results. The article presents a practical example of assessing the effectiveness of a R&amp;D project for a specific high-tech enterprise.

LO24: Implementing emergency department take-home naloxone programs: a systematic scoping review

Introduction: Distributing take-home naloxone (THN) kits from Emergency Departments (EDs) is an important strategy for preventing opioid overdose deaths. However, there is a lack of clear operational guidance for implementing ED-based THN programs. This scoping review had two objectives: 1) identify key strategies for THN distribution in EDs, and 2) develop a theory-informed implementation model that can be used to optimize the effectiveness of ED-based THN programs. Methods: We systematically searched health science databases through April 18, 2019. The search strategy combined terms representing the ED, naloxone, and take-home kits/bystander administration. Two reviewers independently screened the search results. We included all peer-reviewed articles that described THN distribution within EDs. A standardized form was used for data extraction. Included studies were coded by two reviewers and mapped to domains of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). A third reviewer with content expertise adjudicated disagreements in record screening and data coding. Results: Database searching retrieved 717 records after duplicates were removed. 87 full-text studies were assessed for eligibility. Two studies were added through other sources, resulting in a total of 21 studies included in the final review. Of note, 14 studies evaluated existing ED-based THN programs. We synthesized themes that emerged within each CFIR domain and identified four key implementation strategies: 1) develop ED policies on opioid harm reduction; 2) collaborate with community and government partners to ensure programs meet patient needs; 3) address provider attitudes and knowledge gaps through dedicated training; and 4) establish guidelines to identify patients who are at risk of opioid overdose, and engage at-risk patients to maximize THN acceptance. Conclusion: ED-based THN programs must be tailored to local community needs and available hospital resources. Innovative implementation strategies are needed to promote ED provider engagement, and reduce barriers to patient acceptance of THN in the ED. This scoping review highlights key considerations for ED-THN implementation that can guide EDs to establish new programs, or refine existing programs to maximize their effectiveness.

Innovative Implementation Strategies for Hypertension Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: a Narrative Review.

This review summarizes the most recent and innovative implementation strategies for hypertension control in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Implementation strategies from Latin America, Africa, and Asia were organized across three levels: community, health system, and policy/population. Multicomponent interventions involving task-shifting strategies, with or without mobile health tools, had the most supporting evidence, with policy or population-level interventions having the least, focused only on salt reduction with mixed results. More research is needed to better understand how context affects intervention implementation. There is an emerging evidence base for implementation strategies for hypertension control and CVD risk reduction in LMICs at the community and health system levels, but further research is needed to determine the most effective policy and population-level strategies. How to best account for local context in adapting and implementing these evidence-based interventions in LMICs still remains largely unknown. Accelerating the translation of this implementation research into policy and practice is imperative to improve health and save lives globally.

Typology of innovation strategies for petrochemical enterprises

The article defines the role of the petrochemical industry in the development of the economy as a whole. The key problems of innovative development of the Russian petrochemical complex that are typical for the current stage are identified. The purpose of the study is to analyze the organizational and economic processes of formation and implementation of innovative strategies for the development of petrochemical enterprises and practical recommendations for improving their performance. To achieve this goal, the role of the components of the innovative potential of enterprises in the development of the economy is determined; the analysis of directions of development of innovative activity of the main foreign players in the market of petrochemical is carried out; strategies of innovative development of petrochemical enterprises are formed. It is concluded that in the era of digitalization of industry, the priority strategy for the development of the petrochemical complex is resource conservation.

Inequalities in undiagnosed hypertension among adult Nepalese population: Evidence from a nationally representative survey

IntroductionWith one in every five adults suffering from hypertension and three-fifth of these patients undiagnosed, Nepal faces an enormous problem of undiagnosed hypertension. This study aims to assess the prevalence and determinants of undiagnosed hypertension in Nepal and to examine the extent of socioeconomic inequalities in undiagnosed hypertension in Nepal. MethodsThis study used the nationally representative Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data. Undiagnosed hypertension was defined having systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg and being told two or more times by health professionals to lower/control blood pressure. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used for identifying determinants associated with undiagnosed hypertension. Further, socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension were estimated using Concentration Index (CI). ResultsThe study results show that out of total 2831 hypertensive patients, 1611 (56.9%) were undiagnosed. In the adjusted model, older age, overweight/obesity, higher wealth quintiles had less odds of being undiagnosed. Male gender and residing in Province 7 had higher odds of being undiagnosed. Overall CI showed that poor patients were disproportionately affected by undiagnosed hypertension (CI: 0.21, Standard Error (SE) of CI: 0.03). The poor (Q1)-to-rich (Q5) ratio was 1.57 showed again that poorest patients in Nepal had higher prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension than richest patients. ConclusionPoor patients are disproportionately affected by undiagnosed hypertension in Nepal. Awareness should be created specially among the poor wealth quintiles regarding checking blood pressure regularly. Innovative implementation strategies required to be developed to detect undiagnosed case and provide treatment accordingly.

The impact of social power and influence on the implementation of innovation strategies: A case study of a UK mega infrastructure construction project

Influence plays a key role in reaching consensus among multiple actors involved in project-based decision-making processes. While prior literature devotes considerable attention to describing influence, little attention has been paid to influence at the individual level of the strategic project manager within the context of megaprojects. This research intended to fill this knowledge gap by identifying and describing the influence strategies that a strategic project manager applies when implementing innovation strategies on megaprojects. A qualitative case study was used to examine the complex social processes involved in a major UK capital investment programme. The findings underline a critical subset of influence strategies, notably higher-management support, inspirational appeal and bargaining. The study proposes a utilitarian structure of social power comprising selective, supportive and executory power bases.

A REVIEW ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF STEEL PLANTS IN INDIA

The steel industry being highly energy intensive in nature is one the major consumers of energy. The iron and steel industry is the largest energy consuming manufacturing sector in the world. It is therefore that the question of fuel or energy has been of the highest importance in steel making, and one can boldly claim that all other conditions remaining constant, saving or wasting of fuel can make the difference between a profit or a loss of a steel plant. Energy conservation in steel plants is very crucial to ensure the competitiveness of the steel producing industries and to minimise environmental impacts. India's leading iron and steel companies, scored averages at best in Centre for Science and environment green rating test. The Indian iron and steel sector's energy consumption of 6.6 GCal per tonne, is 50 per cent higher than the global best practice. The integrated steel plants in India have the opportunities to strengthen their operations and minimise energy losses and wastages to reduce specific energy consumption by 5-6%. To reduce the gaps between India and developed countries we have to follow the technological advancement and implementation of innovative strategies at every stage of the operation of steel plants. The specific energy consumption in the Indian steel industry is high compared to that in advanced countries. Data for four integrated steel plants in India have been analysed. World crude steel production reached 1.621 million tones (Mt) in 2015. To meet the needs of our growing population, steel use is projected to increase by 1.5 times that of present level by 2050.

Intervención de enfermería en enfermedades vectoriales en las comunidades Salango y Río Chico

La falta de implementación de estrategias innovadoras en intervenciones de salud, constituyen una falencia en los programas de prevención y control de enfermedades vectoriales. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal y de intervención educativa con el objetivo de implementar un plan de intervención de enfermería tendiente a prevenir y controlar la incidencia de enfermedades vectoriales en la parroquia Salango del Cantón Puerto “Daniel López”. La muestra se constituyó con 170 pobladores que voluntariamente desearon participar del estudio. La investigación se realizó en tres etapas: diagnóstico (aplicación de encuestas y entrevistas), intervención (actividades educativas) y evaluación de la intervención (10 meses después). Predominó el género femenino en ambas localidades, la mayor población fue adulta, con nivel educativo básico. Se detectó que en ambas comunidades han tenido casos de dengue, chikungunya o zika. Algunos factores microdeterminantes de alto riesgo fueron el deficitario abastecimiento de agua, la pobreza extrema, la eliminación de los residuos sólidos realizada por carro recolector y la falta de implementación de conductas en prácticas de prevención de enfermedades y desconocimiento de sus causas. Se implementó como estrategia la educación para el control de vectores brindando charlas educativas y destrucción de criaderos en mingas, las cuales tuvieron un alto impacto, puesto que, transcurrido un invierno posterior a la intervención, las tasas de morbilidad por vectores bajaron a cero casos. Se propone un plan de fortalecimiento a la intervención de enfermería realizada, que se ejecute de manera sostenida con la colaboración de estudiantes de la UNESUM.

Managing the implementation of innovative strategies in Russian companies based on the concept of “roadmaps”

One of the main conditions for ensuring a high level of competitiveness of the Russian economy in modern socio-economic and political realities is to increase the innovative activity of its largest enterprises. Their accelerated innovation development has become a priority of state policy and, as a result, an urgent task for Russian companies with state participation is to find and use the tools that can ensure the successful implementation of innovative strategies, as well as solve the problems of implementing innovative activities. The paper presents the results of a study devoted to the tool named “technology roadmaps”, which is in demand in foreign companies. This study confirms the feasibility and possibility of its use in large Russian companies with state participation, provided that the weaknesses of the tool under study are leveled. The main provisions of the developed approach to the use of technology roadmaps are presented, which implies the need to model and execute a new business process for companies. The classification of technology roadmaps is given depending on the type of innovative strategies.

Investigating the Impact of Process and Product Innovation Strategies on Business Performance Due to the Mediating role of environmental dynamism using Structural Equations Modeling

- Goal: the main purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of process and product innovation strategies on business performance due to the dynamic environmental mediator role.&#x0D; - Design / Methodology / Approach: The research method was based on purpose of applied research and in terms of data collection and analysis method was survey-correlation. The statistical population of this study consisted of 36 managers of Iranian banking industry. Questionnaires were used for data collection. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.&#x0D; - Results: the results showed that process and product innovation strategies have a positive and significant effect on business performance. Also, Sobel test results indicated that at 95% confidence level, process and product innovation strategies through dynamic mediator variable. Environment has a positive and significant impact on business performance.&#x0D; - Limitations of the investigation: One of the limitations of the present study was the existence of different views on the topic of research among the members of the statistical community can influence the results of the research to some extent.&#x0D; - Practical implications: The research findings can be used to improve the business performance of companies active in the banking industry through the implementation of innovation strategies.&#x0D; - Originality / Value: The product innovation strategies are more visible than process innovation strategies so that the customers can easily feel their presence and this kind of innovation creates a situation where the organization can create a new market for its business.

Between Economic Diversification and Nation-Branding: The UAE's Pivot to Asia and Innovation Strategies in the Post-Zayed Era

Asian countries are vital partners in the UAE’s international cooperation for economic diversification in the post-Zayed era. After the UAE established diplomatic relations with China, India, Japan, and South Korea in the early 1970s and 1980s, robust cooperation in the energy and construction sectors have expanded to partnerships in the innovation priority sectors of renewable and clean energy, transportation, technology, education, health, water, and space in recent decades. As a rentier state relying on a resource-based industrialization (RBI) development strategy, enhanced state capacity, and a paradigmatic shift in the UAE’s economic framework (from an allocation-driven approach to an innovation-centered development strategy) has strengthened bilateral interdependencies. At the same time, patterns of deepening economic interdependencies in the UAE-Asia relations and the wider Gulf-Asia relations raise important questions as to whether implementing innovation strategies has led to economic diversification. This research maps the enablers and drivers of the renewed economic diversification efforts in the UAE and discusses the implications of those efforts.

The rise of online banks in Italy “WIDIBA Bank” Case Study

The digitalization of technologies for the functioning of the country’s economy, in particular banking institutions, has made a significant impetus to accelerate their development. It is stated that the use of advanced information technologies in the banking sector of the economy (which was gradually formalized into the concept of “online banking”) has greatly facilitated the implementation of financial transactions, in particular, minimized the physical circulation of money. The purpose of the article is to study the features and principles of online banking on the example of the Italian bank WIDIBA. Methodical support of the paper includes a method of analysis of specific situations. The key components of the case method of the study are research on the basis of literature review; formalization of key theses (issues) in the context of the unresolved part of the study; accumulation and analysis of collected information; identification of key features of the issue. This research was carried out in the light of two aspects: the strategic principles of the spread of online banking in Italy; digital technologies in the context of the strategic perspective of the Italian bank WIDIBA. The paper considers the historical aspects of the introduction and use of online banking services. It is noted that in Italy today there are 207 publicly registered commercial establishments, of which 81 are located abroad, and 6 operate mostly in the format of providing online banking services. The object of this research is the activity of the Italian bank WIDIBA, which is justified by its valuable practical experience in formalizing a plan of adequate timely strategy for entering the market of online banking services on the basis of a carefully developed development strategy. The theoretical researches were carried out in the work, in particular, in the following directions: definition of strategic actions of bank establishment according to a time lag of functioning; analysis of the budget of the banking institution (net profitability, interest margin, operating and administrative expenses, etc.); analysis of the income statement of the bank (the ratio of net profit and loss, interest margin and brokerage margin); work with financial report or balance sheet data on the structure of assets, liabilities, and investments, retained earnings; study of trend dynamics of cash flows (operational, financial, investment and free cash flows). Excellent strategies are analyzed, which demonstrate how the banking sector is extremely dynamic and, that technological investments still allow easier access to new operators in case of the implementation of innovation strategies. Keywords: Online banks; online banking; electronic banking; fintech; financial services; WIDIBA; banking sector; banks’ strategies.