Implementation Of Energy-efficient Technologies Research Articles

Heat Pump as an Emission Reduction Measure for Ships

Greenhouse gas regulations from the International Maritime Organization, such as the Carbon Intensity Indicator and the Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index are drawing attention to the implementation of energy efficiency technologies in ships to lower emissions. Presently, more attention is paid to energy efficiency measures related to propulsion (e.g. speed management) and auxiliary energy use (e.g. onshore power). This study compares the environmental impact and cost of replacing heat pumps as an energy efficiency measure instead of oil-fired boilers for two case study vessels by comparing the life cycle impact of different strategies to fulfill the thermal load of vessels while at the port. In terms of life cycle emissions, the heat pump operated using onshore power has the potential to reduce global warming potential by 88% compared to an oil-fired boiler. This accounts for saving 3% and 8% of annual greenhouse gas emissions from entire ship operations, including emissions from engines for the respective case study ships. In addition, shifting to a heat pump avoids NOx and SOx emissions, which adversely affect air quality in the populated areas near the port. Cost results show that the heat pump has an overall higher cost of ownership for case study vessel 1 and a lower cost of ownership for case study vessel 2 compared to oil-fired boiler. Depending on the energy use of specific ships, heat pumps can be cost-competitive at existing carbon emission allowance prices (approximately 90€/tCO2) in the European emission trading system. For the assessed cases, with the emission trading scheme, the return on investment is less than six years and three years for case study vessels 1 and 2 respectively. The study also shows that operating a heat pump is more cost-effective than directly using electro-fuel in a boiler for thermal loads.

Efficiency of Low-Carbon Technologies Implementation at Non-Ferrous Metallurgy Enterprises under the Conditions of Carbon-Regulation Development in Russia

Carbon markets are highly relevant to the need to regulate man-made greenhouse gas emissions. As the world faces the dangerous effects of global warming, reducing greenhouse gas emissions has become a critical priority for governments, corporations and individuals around the world. Carbon markets offer a way to incentivize and encourage emissions reductions and facilitate a smooth transition to a low-carbon economy. Low-carbon development is possible by building transparent and understandable organizational and economic conditions for the operation of carbon regulation. This article considers the feasibility of introducing energy-efficient technologies at Polymetal International PLC enterprises located in Khabarovsk region, engaged in the mining and processing of non-ferrous and precious metals (gold, silver and copper) in light of the country’s growing attention to the regulation of carbon dioxide emissions. The objective of this study is to model the organizational and economic conditions of the carbon market and estimate the economic and climate outcomes from the implementation of energy-efficient technologies at Polymetal International PLC. This study analyzes the current energy-consumption structure of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises in Russia and identifies potential areas for the use of energy-efficient technologies. An important aspect is the assessment of government policies and incentives that could facilitate the introduction of low-carbon technologies. It is important to assess the impact of prospective carbon-management plans in Russia on the economic performance of steel companies. The results of this study suggest that the introduction of low-carbon technologies has the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption, lower operating costs and reduce carbon dioxide emissions from non-ferrous metal companies in Russia. However, the successful implementation of these technologies will require significant investment, stakeholder cooperation and political support from the Russian government.

Analysis of the Heat Exchanger Energy Efficiency of Variable Cross Section with an Inhomogeneous Coolant

Abstract One of the main priorities in the modern thermal power engineering development is the problem of energy saving due to the economical use of fuel and energy reserves. Increasing energy consumption with a simultaneous increase in energy prices and widespread environmental degradation necessitates the development and implementation of energy efficient technologies to save fuel, materials and labour costs. The object of study is tubular heat exchangers of variable cross section, which are widely used in steam generators of nuclear power plants, gas turbines and transport plants. Scale deposit properties and the composition of the heat coolant were studied, and their influence on the energy efficiency of heat exchangers was analysed. To study the scale deposits and coolant influence on the energy efficiency of heat exchangers, their properties were examined using an atomic emission analysis with the help of a TESCAN electron microscope. The principles of implementing technologies aimed at intensifying heat transfer, reducing hydraulic and heat losses in heat exchangers were formulated.

Energy Efficiency as a Foundational Technology Pillar for Industrial Decarbonization

The U.S. government aims to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 to reduce the severe impacts of climate change. The U.S. industrial sector will become a focal point for decarbonization since it accounts for 33% of the nation’s primary energy use and 30% of its energy-related CO2 emissions. Industrial emissions are also expected to increase by 15% through 2050, making the industrial sector a logical target for decarbonization efforts. Energy efficiency technology pathways provide low-cost, foundational routes to decarbonization that can be implemented immediately. Energy efficiency technology pathways, such as strategic energy management, system efficiency, smart manufacturing, material efficiency, and combined heat and power, are well established and would immediately reduce energy use and emissions. However, their role in the aggressive net-zero decarbonization pathway for the industrial sector is still unclear. This study aims to address energy efficiency pathways for decarbonization, and reviews studies related to these technologies for industrial decarbonization through 2050. This study identifies different strategies for the industrial sector in general and that are specific to six energy-intensive industries: iron and steel; chemical; food and beverage; petroleum refining; pulp and paper; and cement. Finally, a path toward the successful implementation of energy efficiency technologies is outlined.

Design of an intelligent system to control educational laboratory equipment based on a hybrid mini-power plant

The object of research is the processes of energy conversion based on the use of alternative energy sources with an intelligent control system of actuators. This technological advancement is part of the equipment at the laboratory of dispatch control over power supply of Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University. The research and the designed system could increase the level of training of future specialists for production activities during the educational process. Another task addressed was to provide technological production with practically trained specialists who could successfully work under conditions of its high automation and informatization. As a result of the research, an operating model of a hybrid solar mini-power plant and a controller with a Wi-Fi module were constructed. On the basis of the designed controller, an intelligent control system of actuators was built, which is powered by this power plant. Owing to the flexible configuration system, the controller is easily adjusted for various production tasks while the controller software provides the possibility of updating and expanding its functionality in the future. The controller has a web interface that allows monitoring and debugging from browsers without using specialized applications. A feature of the designed intelligent control system is that it can operate continuously owing to power from a hybrid solar power plant. The power plant built operates both from solar energy and from a centralized network and rechargeable batteries under an automatic mode. The results of research and technological advancements could be useful in forming practical skills of would-be specialists in the design and implementation of energy-efficient technologies, as well as intelligent control systems in the electric power industry

Energy-efficient technologies and architectural education

The article deals with the methodology of forming the ecological thinking of bachelor-architects, at the level of interdisciplinary relations, by introducing topics and sections on energy efficiency in the disciplines of general humanitarian, technical and artistic-compositional training. The program of step-by-step implementation of energy-efficient technologies in course design is proposed. It is aimed at bringing it closer to the current design requirements by consistently disclosing the principles of energy-efficient architecture-starting from simpler, «basic» concepts to more «specialized» ones.

Is imperfect evaluation a deterrent to adoption of energy audit recommendations?

PurposeEnergy-efficiency leads to productivity gains as it can lower operating and maintenance costs, increase production yields per unit of manufacturing input and improve staff accountability. Implementation of energy-efficient technologies amongst industries, the factors influencing them and the barriers to their adoption have been the subject of several studies during the past three to four decades. Though energy-use behaviours of individuals or households are sufficiently explored, industrial energy conservation behaviour is scarcely studied. This study identifies the relationship between the different behavioural elements to open up a door for behaviourally informed intervention research.Design/methodology/approachTotal interpretive structural modelling technique was used to determine the relationship between different elements of the behaviour of energy managers. Expert responses were collected to understand the relationship between the behavioural elements, through telephone interviews.FindingsThe study identified the relationship between the behavioural elements and found imperfect evaluation as the key element with the highest driving power to influence other elements.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors postulate that a behaviourally informed intervention strategy that looks into the elements with high driving power such as imperfect evaluation, lack of focus on energy-saving measures and the lack of sharing energy-saving objectives can lead to: an increase in the adoption of energy efficiency measures and thereby a reduction in the energy efficiency gap; greater productivity gains and reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; Preparation of M&V protocol that incorporates behavioural, organisational and informational barriers.Social implicationsVarious policy level interventions and regulatory measures in the energy field which did not address the behavioural barriers are found unsuccessful in narrowing the energy-efficiency gap, reducing the GHG gas emissions and global warming. Understanding the key driving factor of behaviour can help to design an effective intervention strategy to address the barriers to energy efficiency improvement.Originality/valueUnderstanding the key driving factor of behaviour can help to design an effective intervention strategy to address the barriers to energy efficiency improvement. This study argues that through the systematic analysis of the imperfect evaluation of energy audit recommendations, it is possible to increase the adoption of energy efficiency measures that can lead to greater productivity gains and reduced GHG emissions.

ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ СОЦІАЛЬНО ДОСТУПНОГО ЖИТЛА В УКРАЇНІ: ФІНАНСОВО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ

The article examines the state and factors of influence on the development of construction (acquisition in the secondary market) of socially affordable housing in Ukraine. The well-known interpretations of the terms "social" and "affordable" housing are considered and the author's understanding of the term "socially accessible housing" through the use of affordable mortgages with the support of the state is proposed, which is a financial and economic tool for solving the social housing problem. The existing regulatory framework and plans of the state leadership to regulate the issue of providing state support and providing citizens with affordable housing are considered. The urgency of the development and implementation of the strategy for the restoration of the mortgage market in Ukraine, which was initiated by the President of Ukraine and the Government, was noted. Using the example of a hypothetical family of 4 people living in the regional center of Ukraine – a millionaire (Dnipro), calculations have been made that demonstrate that the development of socially affordable housing will be relevant for a long time in Ukraine, because now there is a significant gap between the incomes of citizens and the conditions for the provision of state financial support for the acquisition of affordable housing. The article analyzes statistical data on the volume of housing purchases by citizens with the support of the state in 2010-2020 against the background of an analysis of the dynamics of the country's housing stock and the construction of apartments in new buildings for the same period. Objective macroeconomic and political and legal factors, as well as internal, specific for Ukraine, factors of influence on the development of the socially affordable housing market have been identified. Specific impact factors include: administrative and legal improvement of the activities of joint investment institutions and asset management companies in the field of housing construction; settlement of issues of transparent land allocation for construction and implementation of a systematic approach to urban planning based on the principles of development; regulation of the principles of activity and the status of condominiums. The need for a systematic consideration of the entire life cycle of a project for the construction and operation of residential buildings with the aim of integrated implementation of energy efficient technologies, materials, engineering equipment, the concept of a circular economy was emphasized.

The impact of split incentives on energy efficiency technology investments in maritime transport

This paper presents the first analysis of how the split incentive market failure affects the implementation of energy efficiency technologies in the maritime transport sector. In maritime transport, split incentives occur due to the different types of charter (resulting in the divided responsibility for fuel costs) existing between shipowners and charterers. The paper uses a robust and rigorous framework of methods to operationalise the split incentive concept in a cross-sectional survey of 275 shipowners, representing around 25% (6000 ships) of the target population, resulting in the most comprehensive data on the implementation of energy efficiency technologies in shipping. The findings show, contrary to that postulated in the literature, that firms that have majority of their ships on time charter (i.e. those that don't directly observe the energy price signal but may potentially receive an energy efficiency premium) have a higher implementation of energy efficiency technologies compared to firms that operate ships on the spot charter (i.e. directly observe the price signal). To some extent the findings could be due to the effect that other confounding variables may have on the implementation of measures and the extent to which the shipping market is correcting or overcoming the split incentive efficiency problem.

Determination of energy efficiency barriers taxonomy in socio-economic model of Ukraine

The object of research is Ukraine socio-economic model in terms of energy efficiency factors. One of the most problematic places is the identification of energy efficiency barriers, its minimization. The process of introduction of energy efficient technologies associated with the complexity and duration of market promotion, and their relatively high cost, and is hampered by a number of obstacles, barriers to energy efficiency.An analysis of current state of Ukrainian socio-economic system is carried out. The main characteristics of barriers to energy efficiency of socio-technical system in relation to those already identified in foreign systems are identified, a new group of barriers to the gap of energy efficiency is identified. The introduction of taxonomy of energy efficiency barriers, their identification in each individual project implementation of energy efficient technologies improves their promotion and increases the economic effect of these technologies.Abstract-logistical and comparative-statistical analysis are used to study the theory and practice of energy barriers in the world and in Ukraine, as well as to identify prospects for overcoming barriers. A set of criteria that form energy efficiency barriers for Ukraine has been identified. These steps involve conducting a system-structural analysis to determine the presence of energy efficiency barriers, as well as to describe their manifestation. In addition, those barriers that exist in the socio-economic model of the country but are not described in the basic theory have been structured and described. To implement these stages, the basic structure of energy efficiency barriers was adapted to the Ukrainian socio-economic model, and a group of barriers specific to Ukraine was derived. Due to this, the terminology «taxonomy of energy efficiency barriers» was introduced into the Ukrainian scientific literature and the concept of business turnover, which was previously used only by foreign scientists.

Stock modelling and cost-effectiveness analysis of energy-efficient household electronic appliances in Switzerland

Worldwide, household electronic appliances represent a very dynamic market segment, accounting for a significant share of household energy demand. In Switzerland, household electronic appliances consumed 5.3 PJ (1.5 TWh) or 8.2% of the residential sector’s electricity demand. According to historical trends, improved energy efficiency has been counteracting increased size, enhanced functionality and growing numbers of consumer electronics. A stock model is developed to describe the evolution of the appliances in use and the corresponding energy use. Apart from analysing past trends, we develop scenarios for the future based on simplified assumptions for energy efficiency improvement and penetration rates. We find that the competing aforementioned trends may keep the total energy demand of this product category at today’s level until 2035. Our energy efficiency cost curves show that the current energy saving potential is close to 1 PJ or 18% but that the related measures are not cost-effective when taking today’s perspective of a consumer who is faced with the choice among energy-efficient products currently offered on the market. Based on our findings for today’s commercially available portfolio of products, it therefore currently does not seem reasonable to recommend proactive, consumer-oriented policies for household electronic appliances (such as rebates). Instead, the findings indicate that producer-oriented policy measures should be pursued, ensuring continuous R&D and implementation of energy efficiency technologies including standby loss minimization related to connected appliances and wireless charging.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN PRACTICES: EDUCATIONAL ASPECT

The current tendency towards depletion of fuel and energy resources, the growth of prices on energy production and global economic problems stimulate the necessity of introduction of energy efficient technologies. Very important and relevant in this situation is the study of the experience of the EU Member States on energy efficiency in Ukraine and the direct implementation of energy saving projects in Ukraine. In these trends, modern students can and should play an active role. The purpose of our Project is to educate a conscious and responsible future consumer of thermal and electric energy, who will conserve and use efficiently the traditional energy resources and promote the replacement of their alternative energy sources, resting upon the experience of leading EU countries. Implementation of the educational program “Energy efficiency: experience of EU countries for Ukraine” will enable popularization of EU experience in implementation of energy efficient technologies in different economy sectors and acquiring practical skills of project realization aimed at energy saving and reduction of negative impact on environment by future professionals.

Development of the Architecture of High-Rise Unique Buildings with Renewable Energy Sources

The article deals with the use of renewable energy sources in construction in general and in high-rise unique buildings. Such approach will allow to design and construct buildings in which integrated renewable energy sources can be perfectly applied to all aspects of construction. The historical development of architecture and ecology as a single phenomenon is considered. This is particularly relevant to high-rise buildings. With the implementation of energy-efficient technologies, the main drawback - high-energy consumption - will be cut off. The article raises the question of the need to merge these two concepts. Examples of buildings with applied renewable energy sources, both constructed and projected, are considered. Non-traditional energy sources such as wind, solar, land, water and biomass are analyzed. The relevance of their application in construction and influence on all aspects of the project is proved: town-planning, functional, space planning, architectural and artistic, constructive and engineering.

Концептуальні аспекти управління ризиками інноваційних проектів та персоналом при впровадженні енергоефективних технологій

Концептуальні аспекти управління ризиками інноваційних проектів та персоналом при впровадженні енергоефективних технологій

CAR ZAZ-1102 IMPROVEMENT IN FUEL EFFICIENCY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE IN WARM-UP PHASE AFTER ENGINE COLD START

The article considers the question that relates to optimizing fuel consumption and reducing emissions of harmful substances in the exhaust gases of the vehicle in the following modes cold start of the engine with spark ignition and warm-up. To solve this problem device is proposed for increasing the temperature of the intake air at low temperatures, which will improve the mixture formation, gas exchange and better distribution of the fuel-air mixture in the engine cylinders. The use of this device is one of the promising directions of implementation of energy efficient technologies in road transport.

Danish demonstration projects as drivers of maritime energy efficient technologies

This article presents a multiple case study of demonstration projects addressing technologies for energy efficient retrofit solutions for the maritime sector. Inertia in the sector in general prolongs the implementation of energy efficient technologies. Demonstration projects have the purpose to test a given technology and its ability to enter the market to support the diffusion of technologies. The aim of the article is to analyze the drivers and barriers in demonstration projects in the maritime sector and the potential outcome of the projects. We analyze the dynamics of the processes in the demonstration projects in order to understand how the projects can facilitate the implementation of energy efficient technologies. The analysis consists of a case study of 5 Danish maritime demonstration projects. The demonstration projects involve both actors that are used to collaborating and actors in new constellations. When the actors do not know each other in advance, their collaboration involves challenges, but they also have the potential for contributing with new knowledge in the network.Demonstration projects are an opportunity to facilitate green retrofits in a somewhat resistant maritime sector, as they serve as a platform for both the development and the implementation of cleaner technologies.Demonstration projects make it possible to test and develop technologies from other sectors. The test of energy efficient technologies contributes to changing the mindsets of the users of the technologies and thereby changing the practices on board the vessels. The potentials for developing and testing technologies in multi-party networks and the economic funding that reduces the economic risks of the involved actors are the main drivers in the demonstration projects. The main barriers, on the other hand, are the existing energy management practices in the sector and the uneven economic risks of the actors involved in the projects. Our results contribute to the understanding of how demonstration projects in the maritime sector are in an early stage of the innovation process where prototypes are not yet developed. The demonstration projects create an opportunity for non-maritime actors to enter the somewhat closed cyclic collaborations in the maritime sector.

Extending the energy efficiency gap

In order to reach the EU: s 20–20–20 primary energy savings target, energy efficiency needs to increase. Previous research on energy use and energy efficiency has focused mainly on the diffusion of energy efficient technologies. The discrepancy between optimal and actual implementation of energy efficient technologies has been illustrated in numerous articles and is often referred to as the energy efficiency gap. However, efficient technologies are not the only ways to increase energy efficiency. Empirical studies have found that a cost-effective way to improve energy efficiency is to combine investments in energy-efficient technologies with continuous energy management practices. By including energy management into an estimated energy efficiency potential this paper introduces an extended energy efficiency gap, mainly in manufacturing industries and the commercial sector. The inclusion of energy management components in future energy policy will play an important role if the energy savings targets for 2020, and later 2050, are to be met in the EU.

95/05537 Increasing the implementation of energy-efficient technologies among U.S. manufacturers

The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of energy efficient technologies among manufacturing firms. The authors examine the factors responsible for the success or failure of the implementation process. Such factors may include, but are not limited to: the organization and culture of the firm, management practices, availability of capital, and the cost of implementation. To measure the relative importance of these factors, they review survey data on the implementation of energy efficient-technologies and the reasons for not implementing collected from participants in an industrial energy audit program conducted by Georgia Tech. After laying out a general theoretical framework for the adoption and implementation of new technologies, they discuss recent studies which investigated the barriers to energy saving technologies. The survey data is contrasted to the results obtained from energy audits given by the Georgia Institute of Technology Energy Analysis and Diagnostic Center (EADC). Based on the barrier studies and survey results, major barriers will be made apparent and strategies that favor implementation of energy-efficient technologies can be formulated. While no specific policy recommendations appear to address organization barriers to energy conservation, proposals that address the knowledge and fiscal barriers could yield a major increase in themore » implementation of energy-efficient technology in the US manufacturing sector. The potential for the greatest gains in energy-efficiency, however, may rest with those approaches that address the reluctance of domestic manufacturers to innovate their production process.« less