As an innovative educational tool, virtual reality technology is gradually gaining traction in the field of medical education. This paper aims to delve into the cognitive advantages of virtual reality technology in anatomy learning. Initially, it provides an overview of development history and current status of virtual reality technology application in education. It systematically analyzes the limitations of traditional anatomy learning and the cognitive requirements for effective learning. Subsequently, building upon the exploration of the application and integration methods of virtual reality technology in anatomy learning, such as virtual anatomy laboratories and software, this paper elaborates on the cognitive advantages of virtual reality technology in anatomy learning. It discusses how virtual reality enhances spatial perception and three-dimensional comprehension, boosts student participation and interactivity, and deepens emotional engagement and memory retention. The effects and significance in practical application are further illustrated through typical case studies of virtual reality technology implementation in anatomy education both domestically and internationally. However, challenges persist in the application of virtual reality technology, including technical limitations and teaching practice difficulties. Through the research presented in this thesis, a better understanding of the role of virtual reality technology in anatomy learning can be attained, offering valuable insights for the improvement and innovation of medical education.