Implementation Of Corrective Actions Research Articles

Expert-based development of a generic HACCP-based risk management system to prevent critical negative energy balance in dairy herds

The objective of this study was to develop a generic risk management system based on the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) principles for the prevention of critical negative energy balance (NEB) in dairy herds using an expert panel approach. In addition, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the system in terms of implementation in the individual dairy herd. For the expert panel, we invited 30 researchers and advisors with expertise in the field of dairy cow feeding and/or health management from eight European regions. They were invited to a Delphi-based set-up that included three inter-correlated questionnaires in which they were asked to suggest risk factors for critical NEB and to score these based on ‘effect’ and ‘probability’. Finally, the experts were asked to suggest critical control points (CCPs) specified by alarm values, monitoring frequency and corrective actions related to the most relevant risk factors in an operational farm setting. A total of 12 experts (40 %) completed all three questionnaires. Of these 12 experts, seven were researchers and five were advisors and in total they represented seven out of the eight European regions addressed in the questionnaire study. When asking for suggestions on risk factors and CCPs, these were formulated as ‘open questions’, and the experts’ suggestions were numerous and overlapping. The suggestions were merged via a process of linguistic editing in order to eliminate doublets. The editing process revealed that the experts provided a total of 34 CCPs for the 11 risk factors they scored as most important. The consensus among experts was relatively high when scoring the most important risk factors, while there were more diverse suggestions of CCPs with specification of alarm values and corrective actions. We therefore concluded that the expert panel approach only partly succeeded in developing a generic HACCP for critical NEB in dairy cows. We recommend that the output of this paper is used to inform key areas for implementation on the individual dairy farm by local farm teams including farmers and their advisors, who together can conduct herd-specific risk factor profiling, organise the ongoing monitoring of herd-specific CCPs, as well as implement corrective actions when CCP alarm values are exceeded.

Enforceable undertaking: A restorative sanction?

An enforceable undertaking is a promise enforceable in court. The alleged offender, known as the promisor, promises the regulator (for the purpose of this article, the Australian Securities and Investments Commission) to do or not to do certain actions. As an administrative sanction, an enforceable undertaking aims to protect the public, prevent similar breaches from occurring in the future and implement corrective action in the case where the alleged breach affected outsiders. Such aims are desirable, because an undertaking may not only impact the alleged offender but it also has a positive effect on the victim of the alleged breach and the community they live in. Accordingly, this article looks at the notion of restorative justice to assess whether an enforceable undertaking can be restorative in nature.

Aplikasi Seven Tools pada Perbaikan Mutu Roundness Bakso Unyil di PT X

The roundness quality of small meatballs, called Bakso Unyil, produced by PT X has been considered non-uniform and in-competitive. Hence, roundness quality improvement has been becoming one of the priorities for increasing consumer acceptance. This research aims to identify the causes of the poor quality of Unyil Meatballs roundness and find a solution. The improvement methods were: identification of the causes of low quality of roundness (Plan), improvement trials based on alternative solution (Do), and implementation of corrective actions (Action). A total of 60 meatballs samples were taken from three batches (for each batch of 20 samples). Ishikawa Diagram, and histogram were conducted and analysed. Implementation of alternative solutions to improve roundness quality that have been carried out as follows: 1). adjusting the amount of dough in mixing step, 2). the installation of temperature measuring equipment in the preheater, 3). Usage standardization of ice, 4). improvement of phosphate and salt mixing techniques, 5). removal of baking powder, and 6). turn of blades in mixing cake. Result showed that those improvements were not only improve the roundness quality of Unyil meatballs but also improve the smoothness and reducing wrinkle conditions on the surface of Unyil meatballs

8D complaint solving method in an automotive component processing company

The 8D Report is a method used by engineers and other specialists to solve product or process problems. The purpose of the report is to identify, correct and eliminate recurring problems. The 8D report sets out permanent corrective actions based on the statistical analysis of the problem as well as the origin of the problem. This type of report has been developed by Ford Motor Company and has become a standard in the automotive industry, especially used to solve customer complaints about non-compliant products. The name of the 8D report comes from “8 Disciplines”. These 8 disciplines are actually 8 points that delimit the steps you take if a problem or defect is observed in a process or product. Solution stages are: choice 8D team identification and responsibilities, problem description, defining of the control actions, cause analysis, defining the corrective actions and demonstration of efficacy, the implementation of corrective actions and demonstration of effectiveness, Prevention of recurrence of nonconformities and completion and signing the final report 8D.

Monitoring Potato Waste in Food Manufacturing Using Image Processing and Internet of Things Approach

Approximately one-third of the food produced globally is spoiled or wasted in the food supply chain (FSC). Essentially, it is lost before it even reaches the end consumer. Conventional methods of food waste tracking relying on paper-based logs to collect and analyse the data are costly, laborious, and time-consuming. Hence, an automated and real-time system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) concepts is proposed to measure the overall amount of waste as well as the reasons for waste generation in real-time within the potato processing industry, by using modern image processing and load cell technologies. The images captured through a specially positioned camera are processed to identify the damaged, unusable potatoes, and a digital load cell is used to measure their weight. Subsequently, a deep learning architecture, specifically the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), is utilised to determine a potential reason for the potato waste generation. An accuracy of 99.79% was achieved using a small set of samples during the training test. We were successful enough to achieve a training accuracy of 94.06%, a validation accuracy of 85%, and a test accuracy of 83.3% after parameter tuning. This still represents a significant improvement over manual monitoring and extraction of waste within a potato processing line. In addition, the real-time data generated by this system help actors in the production, transportation, and processing of potatoes to determine various causes of waste generation and aid in the implementation of corrective actions.

Lean Six Sigma in healthcare

PurposeSince healthcare spending accounts for approximately 6.6 per cent of the gross domestic product, reducing waste in health facilities is necessary to generate significant cost savings. After previous work concerning the application of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) to hip surgery, the purpose of this paper is to use LSS as the correct methodology to analyse a clinical pathway. Fast track surgery was introduced to the Complex Operative Unit of Orthopaedic and Traumatology of the University Hospital “Federico II” to improve quality and further reduce costs associated with prosthetic hip replacement surgery.Design/methodology/approachThe DMAIC (Define, measure, analyse, improve, control) roadmap was used as the typical problem-solving approach of the LSS methodology. A rigorous process of defining, measuring, analysing, improving and controlling business problems can be used to reach fixed goals. The paper was written following the Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRES Guidelines).FindingsIn this work, the authors found that multiple variables could influence the length of hospital stay (LOS) for inpatient treatment, thereby increasing patient management costs due to longer periods of hospitalisation. Therefore, LSS analysis of the implemented corrective actions demonstrated the efficacy and efficiency of the novel protocol. The average LOS was reduced from 10.66 to 7.8 days (−26.8 per cent).Originality/valueThe introduction of fast track surgery was validated through a rigorous LSS analysis, which demonstrated that the new protocol benefitted both patients and the hospital.

Guest Editorial: Artificial Intelligence Can Reduce ESP Failures

Guest editorial Electrical submersible pump (ESP) technology predominates the artificial lift options available to onshore and off-shore operators for maximizing production from medium-to-deep reservoirs. Although designed, engineered, and built to withstand extreme subsurface conditions—corrosive liquids, scalding temperatures, and intense pressures—ESPs can and do fail without warning, often despite having monitoring systems in place. These failures disrupt production and operator cash flows. Ultimately, the costs of replacing an ESP and its associated production losses can be enormous. But the risk of ESP failures can be greatly reduced with the right combination of advanced technologies, such as applying artificial intelligence (AI) combined with a secure, cloud-based Internet of Things (IoT) autonomous surveillance system. This provides operators with an early-warning system of ESP performance degradation in the form of a probabilistic, predictive maintenance model. With it, they can make better-informed decisions about the root causes of performance anomalies as well as how to mitigate, remediate, or manage them until the well’s next planned shutdown. In one pilot deployment of this application across a fleet of 30 ESPs, the failure of one was accurately predicted 12 days before it occurred. Monitoring of ESP Fleets Today, ESPs are deployed into reservoirs with sufficient sensors and instrumentation to enable continuous alarm-limit monitoring by technicians, who also keep a close watch on above-ground controls and motor drives. A distributed control system, often a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system, transmits an ESP’s operating data, which is recorded in a historian database. The data can then be used later for diagnostics. In practice, this approach is most often reactive, not proactive. That’s because conventional tools lack the ability to predict an ESP failure. In contrast, consider the use of a more predictive monitoring model that can employ AI-based pattern recognition. This capability not only can identify ESP behavioral anomalies but also can provide actionable intelligence about their root causes—and, importantly, the probability of an ESP failure based on the data-fueled refinement of the AI algorithms (i.e., machine learning). With this knowledge, an operator’s technical staff can better decide a proper course of action should they get an early warning about ESP performance issues. They can also be freed from having to constantly monitor ESP systems for alarm notifications and implement corrective actions. One benefit of this is that their time can be invested in more value-adding production activities. As an implementation of AI, machine learning (ML) is based on the use of deep learning via neural networks. To implement it as an ESP predictive monitoring model, data scientists use ESP historical data to create a training data set. The latter then “teaches” the software-coded neural network all the highly dynamic, relational behaviors and interactions between the many variables within a process, as defined by an ESP’s various operating KPIs.

Meningkatkan Kemampuan Guru Melalui Pemberdayaan MGMP Sekolah di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Barru

This study aims to determine the increase in teacher capacity through the school MGMP. School action research method (PTS) with two cycles in which each cycle consists of stages (1) planning, (2) implementation of corrective actions, (3) observation, and (4) reflection. This study involved 13 Mathematics and Natural Sciences teachers as research subjects. The results of the study showed that (a) there was an increase in the ability of teachers of State Madrasah Aliyah through school MGMP. This can be seen from the results of observations in two cycles, also in the results of the tests conducted, it was seen that the increase in posttest test results was significantly. In the distribution of questionnaires conducted to determine teacher perceptions / opinions about school MGMP, the questionnaire results were at 85%, so the teacher benefited directly from MGMP schools to improve their abilities. Based on the results of this study the authors recommend to MGMP school participants teachers: (1) Utilizing school MGMP activities as a forum for empowerment to "Up date" their professional abilities and (2) Utilizing MGMP schools to establish friendship and development of knowledge.

Drone na Auditoria Ambiental: Potencialidades e Aplicações

Remotely Aircrafts (RA), popularly known as Drones, are capable tools to generate highly accurate remote sensing products with a great potential perspective for use in the Environmental Audit process, performing previously exclusive tasks of manned aircrafts. However, because it is a relatively recent technology, it is justified the need to consider the applicability of its use in environmental studies. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the potentialities and applications of Drones in the Environmental Audit process, as well is present a methodology for data acquisition and identification of environmental impacts, listing the conformities and nonconformities of the audited enterprise, giving subsidy for an effective planning of actions to minimize impacts. Orthomosaics generated by the Drone in this studied case was used to carry out a compliance audit, based on the applicable legislation and regulations, being a fundamental tool to verify the real situation of the mining company through the legislation in force in the country, giving support to the implementation of corrective actions of detected nonconformities. In view of the obtained results it was possible to conclude that Drone presented promising quickly and low cost data, proving to be an important tool in environmental audits, providing necessary information to carry out an effective planning and implementation of corrective actions of detected non-adjustments, considering the principle of reparability of environmental damage, which obliges the polluter and the predator to recover and/or indemnify the damages caused.

Machine-learned epidemiology: real-time detection of foodborne illness at scale

Machine learning has become an increasingly powerful tool for solving complex problems, and its application in public health has been underutilized. The objective of this study is to test the efficacy of a machine-learned model of foodborne illness detection in a real-world setting. To this end, we built FINDER, a machine-learned model for real-time detection of foodborne illness using anonymous and aggregated web search and location data. We computed the fraction of people who visited a particular restaurant and later searched for terms indicative of food poisoning to identify potentially unsafe restaurants. We used this information to focus restaurant inspections in two cities and demonstrated that FINDER improves the accuracy of health inspections; restaurants identified by FINDER are 3.1 times as likely to be deemed unsafe during the inspection as restaurants identified by existing methods. Additionally, FINDER enables us to ascertain previously intractable epidemiological information, for example, in 38% of cases the restaurant potentially causing food poisoning was not the last one visited, which may explain the lower precision of complaint-based inspections. We found that FINDER is able to reliably identify restaurants that have an active lapse in food safety, allowing for implementation of corrective actions that would prevent the potential spread of foodborne illness.

Analysis of Weldings’ Incompatibility in Constructions

Abstract The paper presents an analysis of the causes and consequences of nonconformity that has been made in the welding of structural elements. The most frequent incompatibilities in this process were identified and RPN determined for them. The implementation of corrective and preventive actions in the identified critical areas was suggested based on the conducted analysis. After the implementation of corrective actions the re-calculation of the value of the RPN has been made. The paper presents the importance of visual inspection in the process of supervising finished products from the construction welding process. Elements of selected processes carried out in welded structures over two months were analyzed.

Perceived quality in a dementia unit: Patients’ caregivers as information providers

IntroductionDementia units (DU) provide comprehensive and specialised care to patients with dementia. However, assessment in these units normally focuses on patient management. The aim of this study was to determine satisfaction of the caregivers of patients managed in a DU and how they rated DU care. MethodsWe created a self-administered questionnaire which was completed by 236 caregivers visiting the DU in 2015. The questionnaire included 6 dimensions (accessibility, organisation, professionalism, relationship with staff, information, and facilities); data were analysed using problem rates. ResultsA total of 53.4% caregivers completed the questionnaire; most were women, patients’ spouses, or first-degree relatives. The overall problem rates was 15.0% (95% CI, 13.9-16.1), with sizeable differences between dimensions: from 0.1% (95% CI, 0.0-0.4) for ‘relationship with staff’ and ‘professionalism’ to 49.3% (95% CI, 45.4-53.2) for ‘information’. Waiting times over 30minutes were perceived as excessive. Information problems were not directly related to patient management. Satisfaction was scored 8.29/10 (median 8; SD 1.45); 77.3% (95% CI, 69.8-74.8) of respondents were highly satisfied. Ninety-nine percent of the caregivers stated that they would recommend the DU. ConclusionsThis questionnaire provides interesting data on care quality as perceived by patients’ caregivers. Our results have allowed us to identify problems and implement corrective actions. Our questionnaire has proved to be a useful tool for evaluating and improving care quality in DUs.

Pertinence des prescriptions de fluoroquinolones dans un service de médecine

Fluoroquinolones (FQ) are antibiotics which favour the emergence of resistance and remain widely prescribed in the French hospital environment. A focus of prescription recommendation was published by the French Infectious Diseases Society (SPILF) in 2015in order to preserve their use. The pneumology-oriented medical service of Salon de Provence's hospital had high FQ consumption for the year 2015; thus a relevant assessment of prescriptions was carried out. This retrospective study was conducted between January 1and December 31, 2015and concerned patients who received at least one FQ administration during their hospitalization. Thirty-eight per cent of the prescriptions were justified, 37% were inappropriate and 25% unjustified. The majority of unjustified prescriptions were for lung infections. Only 35% of the patients received bacteriological documentation and 53% of the prescriptions were reassessed at 48-72hours. Twenty-two per cent of the justified prescriptions showed non-conformities concerning the duration of prescriptions, the dosage or an association with another antibiotic. The diffusion of these results, combined with the implementation of corrective actions, should make it possible to improve the relevance of the FQ prescription.

Patient-reported experiences of patient safety incidents need to be utilized more systematically in promoting safe care.

To analyze patient safety incidents (PSIs) reported by patients and their use in Finnish healthcare organizations. Cross-sectional study. About 15 Finnish healthcare organizations ranging from specialized hospital care to home care, outpatient and inpatient clinics, and geographically diverse areas of Finland. The study population included all Finnish patients who had voluntarily reported PSI via web-based system in 2009-15. Quantitative analysis of patients' safety reports, inductive content analysis of patients' suggestions to prevent the reoccurrence incidents and how those suggestions were used in healthcare organizations. Patients reported 656 PSIs, most of which were classified by the healthcare organizations' analysts as problems associated with information flow (32.6%) and medications (18%). Most of the incidents (65%) did not cause any harm to patients. About 76% of the reports suggested ways to prevent reoccurrence of PSIs, most of which were feasible, system-based amendments of processes for reviewing or administering treatment, anticipating risks or improving diligence in patient care. However, only 6% had led to practical implementation of corrective actions in the healthcare organizations. The results indicate that patients report diverse PSIs and suggest practical systems-based solutions to prevent their reoccurrence. However, patients' reports rarely lead to corrective actions documented in the registering system, indicating that there is substantial scope to improve utilization of patients' reports. There is also a need for strong patient safety management, including willingness and commitment of HCPs and leaders to learn from safety incidents.

Preanalytical phase management: identification and control of nonconformities in the sampling room of a clinical laboratory in Tunisia

In the total analytical process of clinical specimens, there are many possible preanalytical sources of error. The objective of this work was to evaluate the overall level of conformity of the internal preanalytical phase according to ISO 15189: 2012 and the guideline of laboratories practice in the laboratory of clinical biochemistry of Charles Nicolle hospital, Tunis. In order to identify and understand the failures in the preanalytical process, we have established an internal audit methodology to verify the accordance of different process with the requirements of the quality management systems. The nonconformities noted by the internal audit were mostly related to the execution of sampling, the medical prescription and the transmission of laboratory samples. To improve and ensure quality we have used quality tools, implemented corrective actions and re-evaluated the frequency of nonconformities to verify the effectiveness of the actions implemented. The total number of nonconformities was reduced by 52% after the application of quality tools. The results of the corrective action investigation showed a highly significant difference (P=0,004) of the percentage of nonconformities before and after corrective actions. The application of an internal audit methodology was a promising method to contribute to the enhancement of patient safety and produce valuable benefits for the entire healthcare system. However, the actions put in place remain insufficient on some nonconformities. Thus, the laboratory must ensure human and financial mobilization and full commitment and cooperation of the entire laboratory staff.

Utilização da técnica seis sigma para redução de sobrepeso de matéria prima nos produtos em conserva

Devido a um ambiente cada vez mais competitivo, as empresas estão buscando novas formas de aperfeiçoamento de seus processos e produtos. Este artigo tem objetivo de apresentar como a utilização da técnica Seis Sigma pode contribuir para redução de desperdício de matéria prima no processo de envaze de uma empresa de conservas, onde para evitar infrações às normas, as empresas costumam acrescentar legumes além do necessário devido a variabilidade do processo. Por meio da utilização da técnica Seis Sigma, cartas de controle e estudo de capacidade de processo foi possível estabelecer um diagnóstico das perdas de matéria prima no processo de envaze, definir índice atual de capacidade e de gasto com sobrepeso nos produtos. Para análise dos pontos a serem melhorados foi utilizado o diagrama de causa e efeito e por seguinte a implantação das ações corretivas para manter o processo sob controle e atingir uma melhora significativa da capacidade de processo. Os resultados apresentaram uma redução com desperdício de sobrepeso de matéria prima para empresa de aproximadamente 43 ton/ano, uma economia de R$ 107.460,00/ano.

Experience of a Tertiary-Level Urology Center in the Clinical Urological Events of Rare and Very Rare Incidence. I. Surgical Never Events: 2. Intracorporeally-Retained Urological Surgical Items

Objective: Presentation of our center's experience in the management of intracorporeally-retained urological surgical items. Materials and Methods: Retrospective search of our center's data for cases of retained surgical items during the period July 2006 to June 2016. Each case was studied for the demographic and clinical variables including types, presentation, and management. Results: Out of more than 55,000 different urological interventions, only 39 cases (28 males and 11 females) had retained surgical items. Urolithiasis-related urological subspecialties were more involved than others. Forgotten items and technically-retained items occurred in 38.5 and 61.5% of cases, respectively, and were immediately discovered or discovered up to 10 years later. Material types were textiles, biosynthetics, and metallics in 31, 51, and 18%, respectively. Possible predisposing factors included complex surgeries, emergent intraoperative events, and extra approaches. Occurrences of retained surgical items before and after implemented corrective actions were 74.6 and 25.4%, respectively. All the final outcomes were either short- or long-term harm without deaths, organ losses, or permanent disabilities. Conclusion: Retained urological surgical items are surgical never events that result from forgetfulness or technical surgical human errors. Their sequels can be potentially fatal, but they are preventable and can be significantly reduced.

Increased ict competence teachers classroom in teaching process through supervision in teachers Sd negeri no.002 tualang kecamatan tualang

There is an increase in ICT Competence Teachers Classroom In Teaching and Learning Process Through Supervision In Primary School Teachers No.002 Tualang District Tualang Siak District.
 This research is motivated by (a) the low level of competence of non-ICT class teachers, (b) the number of classroom teachers is only competent in certain subject areas not ICT, (c) not all class teachers, especially those with honorary status, Upgrading or training of ICT, and (d) the rarity of ICT-based TCTK ICT activities specifically to discuss the ICT, so that the lesson plans are rarely even never used ICT.
 With the aim to know (a) the influence of ICT Teacher Competence Improvement in Teaching and Learning Process by Supervisi in Teacher of State Elementary Class No.002 No.002 Tualang Kecamatan Tualang Lesson Year 2015/2016, and (b) activity of class teacher in using media of technology (2) the implementation of corrective action, (3) observation, and (4) reflection.
 The results showed that (a) there was an increase in ICT competence of Class Teachers Through Supervision In Primary School Class Teachers No.002 Tualang Tualang District Siak District. Assessment through the Rubric of Assessment of the Implementation Plan The lessons in cycle 1, which reached 119 points, were in good category, and the results of the second cycle of achieving 151 grades were in very good categories, and (b) teacher activity in the second cycle of learning Good than at the time of the first cycle. Assessment through the Student Activity Rating Rubric in the teaching and learning process during the first cycle which reaches a grade of 30 or is classified as good, and in the second crosses reaches a value of 36, which means very good.
 Based on the results of this study the authors recommend to the classroom teachers to optimize their role as planners, organizers, and learning actors, to head UPTD Education District Tualang to facilitate classroom teachers to improve ICT competence so that the impact on improving the quality of education in schools, to the Education Office Siak District , To more frequently facilitate ICT Training activities by involving them in various training so as to improve the quality of education in SD Negeri No.002 Tualang in particular and Siak Regency in general.

Submodular Optimization for Voltage Control

Voltage instability occurs when a power system is unable to meet the reactive power demand, and is typically corrected by switching on additional reactive power devices such as capacitor banks. Real-time monitoring and communication technologies can potentially improve voltage stability by enabling the rapid detection of low voltages and the implementation of corrective actions. These corrective actions, however, will only be effective in restoring stability if they are chosen in a timely, scalable manner. In this paper, we propose a submodular optimization approach for designing a control strategy that prevents voltage instability. Our key insight is that the voltage deviation from the desired level is a supermodular function of the set of reactive power injections that are employed, leading to computationally efficient control algorithms for stabilization with provable optimality guarantees. This submodular control framework is tested on the IEEE 300-bus transmission system.

Analysis of Turnaround Time during Casefile and Sample Processing in Forensic Science Laboratory

Turnaround time (TAT), is the total time interval from when a request for forensic laboratory analysis is received until when the results are collected by the client. The performance of the forensic science laboratory (FSL) is affected by extended TAT in the case-file and sample processing steps necessitating critical analysis reported in this paper. The total TAT was obtained as the sum of measured time interval for each work station (six of which were studied). Extended TAT leads not only to customer complaints, but also paves way for customers to seek for services from competitors, leading to lost competitive edge for the FSL. This study was conducted to establish the baseline data on TAT (between 2014 and 2015) to enable implementation of corrective actions. Six casefile processing steps were identified for which starting and completion times were recorded in dates, giving TAT values in days. The TAT data for each step was collected as each case file is processed and analyzed separately using statistical analysis while comparing the data for the two years (Y2014 and Y2015) and among three forensic science laboratory disciplines (biology/DNA, chemistry and toxicology). The overall turnaround time (TTAT) was the highest for forensic biology/DNA compared to forensic toxicology and chemistry. The analysis time (TAT2) was the longest of all six case-file processing steps. Using Pareto analysis, the three major steps necessitating root-cause analysis and intervention to minimize TAT were analysis turnaround time (TAT2), report collection time (TAT6) and report review time (TAT4). It was concluded that the causes for extended TAT are within control by the FSL management, although financial and human resources are required.