Implementation Of Control System Research Articles

Sistem Pengendalian Persediaan Barang pada Toko Mulia Jaya Elektronik Karawang

This research was motivated by a less than optimal inventory control system at the Mulia Jaya Elektronik store, in the process it may also have an impact on the security of stock. Procurement of merchandise at the Mulia Jaya Elektronik store does not yet use standard methods, procurement is still carried out using calculations based on estimates and there is a lack of control over the inventory of goods at the Mulia Jaya Elektronik Store. The purpose of this study is to analyze the appropriate inventory control system implemented at the Mulia Jaya Elektronik store. The inventory control method that researchers will use is the ROP (Reorder Point) method in procuring merchandise and increasing inventory security through inventory management. The work of writing this study article uses a quantitative descriptive method. The results of this research can make a positive contribution to better procurement of inventory goods through the implementation of an effective inventory control system.

SWOT ANALYSIS FOR DEVELOPING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES FOR ONLINE FOOD BUSINESS VIA DIGITAL MARKETING

Cencan Food, as an online food business that serves chicken dishes, snacks, and modern drinks, faces challenges in maintaining competitiveness in the increasingly competitive online food industry. This study aims to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) faced by Cencan Food, as well as formulate the right strategy to build competitive advantage through digital marketing. The SWOT analysis identified several key strengths of Cencan Food, such as the ability to adopt new technologies and the appeal of its products to various customer segments. However, several weaknesses found were inconsistencies in product quality and limitations in marketing resources. Key opportunities that can be utilized include increasing the use of social media and food delivery applications, while threats faced include intense competition and healthier food trends. The proposed strategies include menu diversification and implementation of a quality control system. Cencan Food can contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially for responsible consumption and production by prioritizing the use of sustainable raw materials and reducing food waste. Through this approach, Cencan Food is expected to strengthen its position in the market and achieve sustainable business growth. This study provides important insights for online food businesses in facing market challenges and taking advantage of digitalization opportunities.

Design and Implementation of a Microcontroller-Based Adaptive Four-Way Traffic Light Control System for Traffic Optimization

This paper presents the design and construction of a microcontroller-based four-way traffic light control system aimed at optimizing traffic flow by automatically adjusting signal timing based on traffic density at each intersection. The system is built around an Arduino ATmega328 microcontroller inter-faced with break beam infrared (IR) sensors (transmitters and receivers) and LED displays. The IR sensors are installed on both sides of the lanes at regulated intervals to detect traffic density. The system is powered by a 12V DC battery and a 5V, 3A power supply is provided using a buck converter IC (LM2596), which steps down the 12V from the battery to 5V, 3A. This 5V power is used to run the Arduino microcontroller and the Darlington pair ICs for current sinking and sourcing. As vehicles pass through the areas monitored by the IR sensors, the traffic density is measured for each opposing lane, allowing the system to determine which lane should be prioritized for traffic flow. The corresponding LED indicators are then activated accordingly.

Gas Leakage Risk Management Of Biogas Powerplant Using Aloha Gas Dispersion Modelling And Bowtie Analysis

Biogas, a fuel derived from organic waste, has gained popularity as a sustainable energy source. The adaptability of biogas allows its utilization for electricity and heating. This study aims to evaluate the risk of biogas leakage using ALOHA gas dispersion modeling and Bowtie analysis to identify hazard zones and evaluate the effectiveness of preventive and mitigation measures. The research method using Gas dispersion modeling in ALOHA software can simulate the spread of leaked biogas, identify potential hazard zones, and inform emergency response planning. The results show that gas dispersion reaches up to 296 meters from the leak source in a worst-case scenario without ignition, with significant implications for safety. The ignition scenario produces high thermal radiation, further exacerbating the risk. In conclusion, these findings highlight the intolerable risk of biogas leakage, requiring comprehensive risk mitigation measures. This study recommends the implementation of a robust control system, routine maintenance, and emergency response plan to ensure the safety and sustainability of biogas facility operations

Effects of pH on Enzyme Activity in Pakistan

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the effects of pH on enzyme activity in Pakistan. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study indicated that effects of pH on enzyme activity are significant because enzymes are highly sensitive to the pH levels in their environment. Each enzyme has an optimal pH at which it functions most efficiently. Deviations from this optimal pH can lead to a decrease in enzyme activity. At extreme pH levels, enzymes may become denatured, altering their structure and impairing their ability to bind to substrates. This is because changes in pH can affect the ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds within the enzyme, altering its active site. As a result, enzyme activity typically increases as the pH approaches the optimal level, and decreases when the pH moves away from this point. Therefore, maintaining proper pH levels is crucial for the effective functioning of enzymes in biological systems. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Lock and key model, induced fit theory and chemical equilibrium theory may be used to anchor future studies on the effects of pH on enzyme activity in Pakistan. In practical applications, industries utilizing enzymes should prioritize the implementation of rigorous pH monitoring and control systems to maintain optimal conditions for enzymatic activity. From a policy perspective, it is crucial for policymakers to establish clear guidelines governing the use of enzymes in industrial applications, with a particular emphasis on the importance of pH control in achieving optimal performance.

A multi-agent system approach for real-time energy management and control in hybrid low-voltage microgrids

The real-time operation of microgrids is crucial due to its ability to enhance energy resilience and efficiency. Continuous monitoring and adaptation to fluctuations in energy supply and demand ensure a stable and reliable electricity supply to local communities, even in the case of grid disturbances. This article presents an efficient and easily implementable real-time energy management and control system based on multi-agent systems for hybrid Low-Voltage Micro-Grids (LVMGs) using energy storage systems and renewable sources. The main objective of the proposed approach is to determine optimal setpoints for all microgrid components to improve overall efficiency and reduce electricity costs while satisfying multiple constraints. The well-defined flexibilities of all microgrid components to adjust their power are exploited to achieve optimal power allocation. The approach is tested and validated by developing a simulation environment using the Java Agent Development (JADE) framework, enabling the implementation of microgrid optimization through MATLAB/Simulink.

The design and implementation of a smart greenhouse control system

Abstract Against the dual backdrop of continuously improving agricultural production levels and the global scarcity of water resources, countries worldwide are actively exploring the topic of water conservation. The development of an intelligent irrigation control system could make a significant contribution to water conservation efforts, while also helping to increase crop yields. This project adopts a modular design approach, utilizing sensors to collect real-time environmental data surrounding the crops. If the data falls outside the predefined optimal range for crop growth, the system automatically initiates irrigation, cooling, and supplemental lighting. The hardware design primarily consists of a data perception module and a control terminal module. After testing, the system runs stably and can accurately obtain information such as soil moisture, light intensity and ambient temperature, and basically realize the digital intelligent control of crop growing environment.

Numerical and Experimental Study of Seismically Excited Scaled Structure with Active Mass Damper

In recent years, the development and implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) have attracted tremendous attention. The implementation of active control systems for building structures can be improved by using an AI controller. Non-AI controllers such as the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller require full state variables of the structure to be measured, which is rarely feasible. To address this problem, two AI models, namely, artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy logic (FL), have been tried as AI-based controller in various studies. In the present study, both AI models were investigated to see their practicality and effectiveness. The AI models were implemented to control an active mass damper (AMD) in a three-story prototype-sized building. The simulation results from the structure with an LQR controller were used as benchmark and training data for the AI models. The results of the study demonstrated that although both AI models could reduce the structure responses, ANN was more practical and effective compared to FL as an AI-based controller for the given structure. Furthermore, the effectiveness of an ANN-based AMD was also shown by the experimental results.

Prospects of autonomous railway transport development

The implementation of unmanned train control systems offers a number of advantages, such as increasing the capacity of railway lines and traffi c volumes, reducing the ‘human factor’, as well as reducing operating costs. The paper considers the challenges arising from the use of automatic train control systems, and presents the prospects for the implementation of automatic technologies in railway transport for various railway systems. The social and economic aspects of changing professional activities in railway transport are described. Grades of automation applicable to surface urban railwaytransport are presented. The issues of proving the functional safety of machine vision systems as part of the train traffic control system and determining their level of safety completeness are discussed. Examples of railway transport automation in Russia and other countries are given. Basic scenarios of automatic control system operation describing normal and abnormal situations are formulated. In conclusion, the levels of technological readiness of the reviewed solutions in the fi eld of train traffic automation are defi ned. The tasks faced by railway companies in implementing these technologies are outlined, and possible ways of overcoming obstacles to the introduction of automatic systems are proposed, taking into account the current political situation.

Mathematical modelling of induction motors taking into account design-parameter asymmetry

Due to their numerous technical and economic advantages, induction machines (IM) with squirrel-cage rotors are important components of many industrial processes. Their reliability, durability, and ease of operation make them indispensable in various industries, ensuring stable and efficient equipment performance. However, to minimise the risk of costly production failures caused by sudden stoppages, it is important to implement effective diagnostic and monitoring methods. The most common type of fault in squirrel-cage induction motors is the breakage of cage bars and end ring segments, particularly in motors with high inertia loads and frequent stops and starts. Regular maintenance and the implementation of modern control systems in the industry will help ensure the reliable and uninterrupted operation of these machines. In the technical literature, various diagnostic methods have been proposed. Some are based on analysing data collected from the induction motor (IM), detecting characteristic perturbations that indicate faults in the machine. Other methods involve comparing the data obtained from the actual induction motor with its digital model. It is clear that accurate and adequate IM models are necessary for the development and optimisation of fault diagnosis methods. This paper focuses on developing a mathematical model of an induction motor (IM) in a stator-fixed coordinate system, where the squirrel-cage rotor of the IM is represented as a multiphase, symmetrically distributed winding system in space. The adequacy of the obtained model is demonstrated. The developed model allows for the analysis of various types of asymmetries in both stator and rotor of squirrel-cage induction motors

ForzaETH Race Stack—Scaled Autonomous Head‐to‐Head Racing on Fully Commercial Off‐the‐Shelf Hardware

ABSTRACTAutonomous racing in robotics combines high‐speed dynamics with the necessity for reliability and real‐time decision‐making. While such racing pushes software and hardware to their limits, many existing full‐system solutions necessitate complex, custom hardware and software, and usually focus on Time‐TrIals rather than full unrestricted Head‐to‐head racing, due to financial and safety constraints. This limits their reproducibility, making advancements and replication feasible mostly for well‐resourced laboratories with comprehensive expertise in mechanical, electrical, and robotics fields. Researchers interested in the autonomy domain but with only partial experience in one of these fields, need to spend significant time with familiarization and integration. The ForzaETH Race Stack addresses this gap by providing an autonomous racing software platform designed for F1TENTH, a 1:10 scaled Head‐to‐Head autonomous racing competition, which simplifies replication by using commercial off‐the‐shelf hardware. This approach enhances the competitive aspect of autonomous racing and provides an accessible platform for research and development in the field. The ForzaETH Race Stack is designed with modularity and operational ease of use in mind, allowing customization and adaptability to various environmental conditions, such as track friction and layout, which is exemplified by the various modularly implemented state estimation and control systems. Capable of handling both Time‐Trials and Head‐to‐Head racing, the stack has demonstrated its effectiveness, robustness, and adaptability in the field by winning the official F1TENTH international competition multiple times. Furthermore, the stack demonstrated its reliability and performance at unprecedented scales, up to over on tracks up to 150 m in length.

A Control System Design and Implementation for Autonomous Quadrotors with Real-Time Re-Planning Capability

Real-time (re-)planning is crucial for autonomous quadrotors to navigate in uncertain environments where obstacles may be detected and trajectory plans must be adjusted on-the-fly to avoid collision. In this paper, we present a control system design for autonomous quadrotors that has real-time re-planning capability, including the hardware pipeline for the hardware–software integration to realize the proposed real-time re-planning algorithm. The framework is based on a modified version of the PX4 Autopilot and a Raspberry Pi 5 companion computer. The planning algorithm utilizes minimum-snap trajectory generation, taking advantage of the differential flatness property of quadrotors, to realize computationally light, real-time re-planning using an onboard computer. We first verify the control system and the planning algorithm through simulation experiments, followed by implementing and demonstrating the system on hardware using a quadcopter.

Assessment of the operational facilities and hygienic practices of abattoirs and butcher shops in Ethiopia

Most meat-borne outbreaks are attributed to contamination due to poor handling practices and incomplete operational facilities in the meat supply chain. A cross-sectional study, using a structured questionnaire interview and observational checklist, was conducted to assess the hygienic practices of workers from abattoirs and butcher shops and the operational facilities in the area. A total of 286 randomly selected workers from 236 butcher shops and 3 abattoirs participated in this study. The results showed that at the abattoirs, isolation pens for sick animals, stunning boxes, separate rooms for carcass and offal, cooling equipment, and laboratories were missing facilities. Inhumane stunning, inadequate hand washing, insufficient trained workers, irregular medical checkups, and unspecified roles in the slaughtering process were practices that led to the unhygienic handling of meat. At butcher shops, hand washing after meat handling (97.9%), storing leftover meat in refrigerators (80.9%), concrete/tile floors (94.5%), and white-painted walls were good practices observed. Displaying meat at room temperature, wrapping meat with plastic bags, and newspapers, and untrained workers (82.6%) were practices that could compromise the quality of meat. Training was the only factor significantly associated with the hygienic practice of workers both at abattoirs (p = 0.023) and butcher shops (p = 0.012). Our study identified substandard facilities and unhygienic practices both at abattoirs and butcher shops that lead to microbial contamination of meat, which could be enhanced through improving operational facilities, training, and implementation of quality control systems.

Necessity of Effective Quality Control System for Bridge Construction (A Review)

As urbanization quickens and transportation systems proceed to advance, bridges, as indispensably components of urban foundation, confront progressively impressive challenges in their plan and development administration. This inquire about investigates the integration of naturally inviting, financially productive, and socially satisfactory plan standards and development administration strategies in bridge designing from the viewpoint of economical advancement. Through case investigations and information measurements, this paper presents optimized bridge plan arrangements beneath different natural conditions and examines techniques to play down asset squander and improve development effectiveness, in this way accomplishing the feasible improvement objectives of bridge building The quality parameters should easy to understand specially checklists should be easy to understand and easy for implementation In this study is carried out to analyze the scenario of Quality Control System application, to identify factors affecting the construction organization and to issue recommendations on how to improve the implementation of Quality Control System in Construction Industry. The growth in infrastructure increases in our country which leads the construction of new bridges is one most the key elements in this Initially the checklists are observed from different site the defects will identify in check lists and suggest new checklists for each items of construction. This paper finds Necessity of Effective Quality Control System for Bridge Construction by analysising the different Literature review

Design and Implementation of Solar Cell Cleaning Control System

تتأثر طاقة توليد الخلايا الشمسية بعدة عناصر مثل الغبار والظلال والأوساخ وأملاح البحر والثلج. لكن هذا البحث يهتم أكثر بالغبار كمسألة مهمة يمكن أن تؤثر على كفاءة الخلايا الشمسية، خاصة في دول الشرق الأوسط (مثل العراق). الغبار المتراكم على ألواح الخلايا الشمسية يقلل من إشعاع ضوء الشمس المطبق ويقلل من كفاءة الخلايا الشمسية. في هذا البحث تم تصميم نظام التحكم بالتنظيف عن بعد للحفاظ على نظافة الألواح. نظام التحكم يتم تنفيذه بشكل عملي ويتميز بخفة الوزن والهيكل المحكم. تم تصميم هيكل نظام التحكم بحيث يكون أكثر قابلية للتطبيق ويمكن دمجه بسهولة عمليًا. أظهرت النتائج أن هناك تحسنًا ملحوظًا في كفاءة مخرجات الألواح الشمسية عند تنظيفها في ظروف متنوعة مثلا عندما يكون غبارًا كثيفًا ومتوسطًا. بعد تنظيف اللوحة، يزداد متوسط الطاقة المتبددة مع زوايا إمالة مختلفة بمقدار 1.75 وات تقريبًا عند جمع قياس الطاقة في الساعة 9 صباحًا و1.85 وات عند جمع القياس الطاقة في الساعة 12 ظهرًا.

The Effect of Implementing Internal Control Systems According to the COSO Committee in Reducing Money Laundering in Jordanian Commercial Banks

This study sought to determine the effects of an internal control system implementation for banks according to the COSO Committee and its role in reducing money laundering in Jordanian commercial banks, a questionnaire was designed distributed, and analyzed by 45 participants working as external auditors (chartered accountants) for Jordanian commercial banks, and the analytical and descriptive methods were applied, with one sample using the T-test. The study showed several results, including the impact of internal control systems with their eight components in reducing money laundering, as well as the existence of interest and awareness by the departments of Jordanian commercial banks of the importance and role of internal control systems according to the COSO Committee, and the importance of the availability of the elements of the internal control system from a controlled environment, the existence of an information and communication system, monitoring and follow-up to contribute to reducing money laundering. The study recommended adopting a self-assessment model for regulatory risks in banks because of its advantages in explaining the types of risks surrounding the banks related to the concepts, operations, and stages of money laundering.

Internal Control Unit Strategy in Implementing Internal Control

This study aims to describe the implementation of the Government Internal Control System (SPIP) at Dr. Radjiman Wediodiningrat Mental Hospital, Lawang, Malang and to develop a strategic plan from the Internal Audit Unit (SPI) in conducting supervision of the Mental Hospital. This research is qualitative research. The informants are the Head of SPI and other respondents. In formulating alternative strategies, SWOT analysis is used with the IFAS and EFAS approach methods. The results showed that SPI is in quadrant I (supporting growth strategy), which has strong internal strengths to grow in seizing existing opportunities. The resulting strategy is to improve internal control in the RSJ through the formation of the SPIP Task Force in organizing internal control in the hospital, increasing the knowledge and understanding of the heads of work units, on all matters relating to inherent supervision within the scope of their work units and utilizing information technology by creating a Supervisory Information System application to support supervisory performance, especially in terms of organizing SPIP in the hospital. The implications of this research are significant for enhancing internal control systems and strategic planning within healthcare institutions. By identifying SPI's current position and proposing targeted strategies, this study provides actionable recommendations for improving internal oversight and control mechanisms. The formation of a dedicated SPIP Task Force and the development of a Supervisory Information System application are expected to strengthen internal controls, streamline supervision processes, and enhance overall organizational efficiency.

Analyzing the implementation of predictive control systems and application of stored data in non-residential buildings

In non-residential buildings, building energy management systems (BEMS) and the application of data hold significant promise in reducing energy consumption. Nevertheless, BEMS have different levels of complexity, benefit, and limitation. Despite the advanced technologies and improvements in building operation, there is a clear gap in the actual performance of buildings that has been attributed to the adoption of advanced technologies. Consequently, there is an increasing need for researchers and practitioners to study current practices in order to identify and address the challenges that compromise the core objectives of BEMS. For this reason, this paper aims to validate three research questions: (i) to examine the current state of BEMS and its functionalities; (ii) to analyze the type of control used; (iii) and to determine the availability of historical data compiled by BEMS and its application in non-residential buildings. A survey of 676 buildings and interviews with building professionals were conducted. The findings confirmed that most of the buildings applied BEMS with scheduled control. In addition, a lack of digitized data for analysis and predictions was detected. Indeed, only 0.60% of the investigated buildings implemented predictive control. Finally, using hierarchical clustering analysis, responses were grouped to analyze similarities between them. The study findings help to develop targeted actions for implementing predictive control in non-residential buildings.

Implementation of Hygiene and Sanitation in Novotel Hotel Kitchen, Tangerang

Hygiene is an effort to maintain health with a focus on individual actions and personal care, while sanitation is an effort to maintain the health of the human environment. Good hygiene and sanitation in hotel kitchens is essential to maintain food health and safety, as well as to meet food industry hygiene standards. In a clean and well-maintained kitchen environment, the risk of food contamination can be minimized, preventing food-borne illnesses and ensuring customer satisfaction. This article discusses important practices for maintaining hygiene and sanitation in hotel kitchens, including maintaining equipment cleanliness, waste management, personal hygiene, and staff training. Implementation of strict monitoring and control systems is also necessary to ensure the effectiveness of these efforts in maintaining high standards of hygiene throughout hotel kitchen operations. This research aims to evaluate how cleanliness and sanitation are implemented in the Novotel Tangerang hotel kitchen, including aspects such as personal hygiene, cleanliness and sanitation of the kitchen area, and maintenance of kitchen equipment. The research method used uses descriptive (qualitative) data analysis, using various primary data sources such as observations, interviews, and secondary data such as certificates and log books. Research findings show that even though observations, interviews and document recording have been carried out, cleanliness and sanitation standards in the Novotel hotel kitchen, Tangerang have been fully met. This can be seen from various aspects such as personal hygiene, kitchen sanitation, and cleanliness of kitchen equipment

Design and implementation of intelligent control system for non-evaporable getter pumps

Abstract An intelligent control system for Non-Evaporable Getter (NEG) pumps was designed and developed. The main functions of the system include remote monitoring and remote control of key parameters of the NEG power supply, intelligent control of NEG working status according to NEG saturation status and vacuum chamber status, especially intelligent warning and protection of NEG from vacuum leaks and NEG supersaturation. The intelligent control system is proven stable and reliable, which provides a feasible logic architecture and control design for NEG pump application in future fusion devices.