Implementation Of Control System Research Articles

Investigation of bidirectional three-phase four-leg converter with LCL filter

A three-phase four-leg bidirectional power converter used as an input stage of an energy storage system using the inductance (L), capacitance (C), and inductance (L) or LCL filter on the grid side is considered. The article provides a variant of the three-phase four-leg bidirectional converter control system implementation based on 3D space vector pulse-width modulation and per-phase voltage control. A brief analysis of the applied control algorithms of the three-phase four-leg bidirectional converter in inverter and rectifier modes is given. A computer model has been built to investigate the operating modes of the converters of the designated class with both balanced and unbalanced load. Studies were carried out by computer modeling methods in order to optimize the parameters of the LCL filter on the grid side with bidirectional energy exchange. Optimal LCL filter parameters and modulation frequencies are determined for the developed converter, providing acceptable quality indicators when operating in bidirectional mode.

An Analysis of the Development of Investment Banks' IPO Business under the Registered System

Under the reformed registration system, the role of investment banks in the Initial Public Offering (IPO) business has evolved significantly from the approval system. As crucial "gatekeepers" of the capital market, these banks now bear the responsibility of thoroughly examining issuance application materials for truthfulness, accuracy, and completeness. While the IPO business promises a prosperous future for investment banks, it also presents considerable challenges. Some banks face issues such as insufficient adherence to prudent examination requirements, lax establishment or implementation of internal control systems, and the need for improved information management. To enhance their sponsorship business, it is recommended that investment banks optimize talent training, internal management control, risk management, and intelligent information system construction. Cultivating professional sponsorship talents with comprehensive skills, reinforcing ethical standards, and conducting thorough reviews of IPO companies are crucial. Furthermore, optimizing the management system, establishing effective communication mechanisms, and enhancing risk management capabilities are essential steps. Leveraging advancements in computer technology, the construction of a secure and reliable intelligent information system is advised. As the reform progresses, investment banks should bolster international exchanges, cooperation, and professional competitiveness to evolve into reputable international brand banks.

Adaptable robotics for disaster response and search & rescue: Integration of deformable smart car design and pi control

In the context of disaster response and search and rescue operations, the need for adaptable and efficient robotic systems has become increasingly evident. This research paper addresses the evolving challenges in this domain by introducing a novel DIY deformable robot equipped with advanced PI (Proportional-Integral) control. The background of this study emerges from the growing urgency to enhance the capabilities of robotics in post-disaster scenarios, where navigation through complex terrains and the swift delivery of supplies are paramount.The primary objective of this paper is to develop and assess a versatile robotic platform using a multidisciplinary approach encompassing mechanical engineering, electronics, and control systems. The core of the investigation is a DIY deformable car consisting of two sensor-equipped containers and a linking module, making it well-suited for search and rescue missions. This paper contains the implementation of a PI control system to govern the robot's mobility and adaptability. This includes a detailed examination and demonstration of the PI control mechanism, encompassing its proportional and integral components. The actual results also indicate that the smart car controlled by the PI controller has better performance in both stability and speed.

Newly Constructed Subway on Over-Track Bridge Safety and Vibration Reduction Measure

Primarily generated at the interface between the wheel and the rail, railroad vibrations then propagate through the supporting soil. If these vibrations reach nearby bridges and buildings, they amplify the vibration nuisance and cause ground noise, which has detrimental effects on nearby residents, sensitive equipment, and historic structures. By analyzing measured data from metro vibration field vibration experiments, this article attempts to contribute to the body of knowledge on environmental vibration propagation patterns by offering insightful conclusions. Before analyzing the deformation response of the metro jet system (MJS) vibration isolation piles to the structure and the ground, we investigated the effect of MJS vibration isolation piles in the ground of the existing subway tunnel structure on the control of vibration of the proximate structure and conducted dynamic tests on the vibration of bridges without vibration isolation measures caused by operating subway trains. The tests determined that the acceleration of the bridge’s lateral vibration exceeded the code limit; one of the contributing factors was that the bridge’s structure had already sustained damage. The utilization of MJS isolation piles was also discovered to safeguard the extant bridge pile foundations. The paper presents an innovation in the form of economically viable vibration mitigation strategies that were implemented subsequent to the identification that the lateral vibration acceleration of the preexisting bridge surpassed the prescribed code standards. Considerable insight is gained regarding the design and implementation of vibration control systems for structures situated near caverns, encompassing deep foundation works.

AC PWM Control System in Induction Motor using Microcontroller

The demand for efficient and precise control of induction motors has led to the development of advanced control systems, among which AC PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) stands out as a prominent technique. This project focuses on the design and implementation of an AC PWM control system for an induction motor utilizing a microcontroller. The system employs a microcontroller to generate PWM signals, controlling the power electronics responsible for modulating the voltage supplied to the motor. The report details the architecture, components, and methodology employed in the project. A comprehensive discussion on the PWM control algorithm, motor drive circuitry, and sensor integration is presented. The microcontroller programming and experimental results showcase the effectiveness of the proposed system in achieving precise control over motor speed and efficiency. The challenges faced during the project are discussed, along with the corresponding solutions implemented. The report concludes with a summary of achievements and suggestions for future enhancements. Overall, this project contributes to the field of motor control systems, offering a reliable and efficient solution for induction motor control through AC PWM with microcontroller integration

Conceptualization of Intelligent Control System for Humanitarian Demining Robotic Complexes Based on Verbal Methods

Introduction. Humanitarian demining is characterized by growing attention to the problems of creating and using robotic systems. The most important aspect of their use is the control method.Problem Statement. At present, the fi rst generation robotic complexes (controlled devices) have been the mostcommon, the second generation complexes (semi-autonomous devices) have been improving. To switch to the third generation complexes (autonomous devices), it is necessary to develop intelligent control systems based on artificial intelligence technologies. The most used for system development are quantitative methods, but such models are “black box models” that do not provide complete clarity about their behavior.Purpose. To develop conceptual model of intelligent control systems for humanitarian demining robotic complexes based on verbal methods.Materials and Methods. Formal logic methods, verbal analysis qualitative methods, and BPMN. Results. Conceptual model of intelligent control systems for humanitarian demining robotic complexes and sym bolic models of representing relevant declarative and procedural knowledge based on verbal methods have been developed.Conclusions. The conceptual model makes it possible to formulate Symbolic Models in the notations of selected verbal methods. At the decision-making level, the ordinary classifi cation method by denotation of the terms used by experts in the selected subject area has been chosen. At the executive level, the BPMN method has been chosen to create process diagrams in graphical notation. The verbal methods make it possible to create “white-box models” that unambiguously interpret the dependence of output and input variables and to explain the model behavior. Symbolic models in the notations of selected verbal methods allow the implementation of an intelligent control systems for a specifi c humanitarian demining robotic complex.

Pengaruh Penerapan Sistem Pengendalian Intern, Motivasi Kerja, dan Aksesibilitas Pelaporan Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan pada Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kota Padang

The effect of the application of the internal control system, work motivation and reporting accessibility on the quality of the financial statements of the Padang City Public Works Department. This approach uses a quantitative approach, using primary data through a questionnaire. The respondents in this study were the Head of the Finance Division, the Secretary of Finance, Verification (internal Control) and the Staff of the Financial Management Section. The variables used in this study are the Internal Control System, Work Motivation, and Reporting Accessibility as independent variables, and the Quality of Financial Statements as the dependent variable. The method used in analyzing the data is using multiple regression analysis statistics. The results show that the implementation of the internal control system, work motivation and reporting accessibility on the quality of financial reports has no significant effect on the quality of the financial statements of the Padang City Public Works Department.

Housing Rent Control at the Micro Level: Perspectives from Southeast and East Central Europe, 1918–1924

This paper presents both statistical and qualitative analyses examining the micro-level repercussions of state intervention, specifically the implementation of rent control systems and requisitioning in the housing rental markets of Southeast- and East-Central European regions in the aftermath of the First World War. The numerical assessment relies on the calculation of the residual postwar purchasing power parity of prewar rents, while the qualitative analysis endeavors to reconstruct the daily dynamics of coexistence among conflicting parties, encompassing instances of extreme intimidation and violence.

Bus Drivers’ Behavioral Intention to Comply with Real-Time Control Instructions: An Empirical Study from China

Developing intelligent bus control systems is crucial for fostering the sustainability of urban transportation. Control instructions are produced in real time by the bus control system; these are important technical commands to stabilize the order in which buses operate and improve service reliability. Understanding the behavioral intention of bus drivers to comply with these instructions will help improve the effectiveness of intelligent bus control system implementation. We have developed a psychological model that incorporates decomposed variables of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and other influencing variables to explain the micromechanisms that determine bus drivers’ behavioral intention to comply with real-time control instructions during both peak and off-peak-hour scenarios. A total of 258 responses were obtained and verified for analysis. The results showed that the influential factors in the peak- and off-peak-hour scenarios were not identical. Female drivers had greater off-peak-hour behavior intention to comply than male drivers, and there were significant differences in peak-hour behavior intention among drivers of different ages. In both peak and off-peak-hour scenarios, perceived benefit positively and perceived risk negatively affected behavioral intention. Perceived controllability positively affected behavioral intention only during peak hours. Self-efficacy only negatively affected behavioral intention during off-peak hours. Three antecedent variables (i.e., trust, mental workload, and line infrastructure support) influenced drivers’ behavioral intentions indirectly via the decomposed variables of TPB. These results provide profound insights for the improvement and implementation of real-time control technology for bus services, thereby facilitating the development of smart and sustainable urban public transport systems.

Investigating the Impact of Methanol Concentration and Implementation of a Coefficient Diagram-Based Control System for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Operation

Investigating the Impact of Methanol Concentration and Implementation of a Coefficient Diagram-Based Control System for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Operation

Renewable-based microgrid energy management: A comprehensive exploration of techniques, strategies, and long-term viability

Renewable-based microgrid energy management systems have emerged as a promising solution to address energy security, sustainability and resilience concerns. This paper offers a comprehensive exploration of the techniques, strategies and long-term viability of such systems. The purpose of the study delves into the implementation of smart management and control systems, which enable real-time data analysis, grid optimization and effective load management, thus maximizing the utilization of renewable energy and enhancing overall system efficiency. It demonstrates the significance of decentralized energy management and its role in fostering energy independence and sustainability within local communities and small-scale industrial setups. The paper further investigates the resilience and redundancy aspects of microgrids, highlighting the importance of autonomous operation during grid failures and emergencies. Thus, the incorporation of energy-efficient practices, appliances and demand-side management strategies to promote energy conservation and reduce overall energy consumption of solar power, wind power, hydro power, biopower and geothermal. The important outreach and training are creating environmentally friendly energy consumption and improving the long-term sustainability of microgrid energy control systems that rely on energy generated from renewable sources. The study seeks to enhance ecological energy handling techniques and the utilization of clean sources of energy by offering knowledge regarding the promise of the microgrid to become a versatile and environmentally friendly power solution via this examination.

Domain‐specific translation tool from structured text to C source code with code readability enhancement in programmable logic controllers

AbstractThe Industrial Internet has emerged as a key technology in the field of industrial automation, revolutionizing traditional manufacturing processes and enabling advanced control systems by integrating machines, sensors, and software systems through network connectivity, allowing for real‐time data exchange, analysis, and decision‐making in industrial environments. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) play a critical role in industrial automation systems, which are specialized digital computers designed to control various manufacturing processes and machinery. As a promising language, Structured Text (ST) is of paramount importance for industrial Internet, and it is essential to translate ST into C, which is widely used in various industries for implementing control systems. However, due to differences in syntax, data types, and programming paradigms between the two languages, the translation process is facing several challenges. In this paper, we present a domain‐specific translation tool that automates the process of converting ST code to C code. This tool incorporates advanced AI techniques, particularly leveraging the capabilities of NL‐PL LLMs, to facilitate accurate and efficient translation while generating comprehensive documentation to assist developers. Finally, the evaluation and case studies conducted validate the effectiveness of the tool, demonstrating its practical applicability and benefits in real‐world industrial settings.

Digital Twin-Enabled Modelling of a Multivariable Temperature Uniformity Control System

The use of a digital twin as an enabling technology for industry 4.0 provides control systems engineers with novel tools for modelling, designing, and controlling complex systems, providing a deep understanding of the physical asset based not only on its physics but also the real system’s response. It is particularly critical for uniformity temperature control applications, where providing a reasonable model of the system’s diffusion is always affected by the physical behavior of the system’s components required for heating, cooling, or power distribution. In this paper, a digital twin is used to represent a multivariable thermoelectric system employed for temperature uniformity distribution control with potential applications in semiconductor manufacturing. The modelling employs a five-step methodological framework consisting of the stages: target system definition, system description, multiphysics and data-driven simulation, behavioral matching, and implementation to represent the system’s temperature distribution accurately. The temperature distribution is measured using an infrared thermal camera to perform model behavioral matching on heating and cooling temperature uniformity applications. The obtained results indicated that using digital twins not only increases the accuracy of the system’s representation but can also provide the system with novel information that can be leveraged for the design and implementation of smart control systems.

Traffic Control System for Emergency Vehicle

Urbanization is growing so rapidly due to which demand is increasing in the transportation field, hence traffic control system plays an important role is handling emergency situations and disaster management. Traffic control system implementation is much necessary not only to avoid the congestion but also to provide the way for the emergency service like ambulances, fire engines etc., this protects many lives from both health and disaster sector. This will provide effectiveness to the traffic control system in both normal and emergency situations. The proposed methodology is about implementation of RF transmitter and receiver with the Arduino to automize the traffic control system to avoid the delay in the arrival of emergency vehicle at the spot where emergency is required traffic control system provides an emergency blue light along with the existing traffic lights to provide the proper indication emergency traffic signal the emergency vehicle will reach the destination without any delay in traffic. This protects many lives from both health and disaster sector. This will provide effectiveness to the traffic control system in both normal and emergency situations. 

LIQUID NEURAL NETWORKS: PRINCIPLE OF WORK AND AREAS OF APPLICATION

The article deals with the architecture of liquid neural networks (LNN) and their potential in modern technologies. Thanks to the constant development of algorithms and hardware, neural networks are becoming more and more powerful and efficient, which opens up new opportunities for their application. The authors describe the principle of operation of liquid neural networks, which includes the process of learning and inference, which allows effective use of the natural dynamics of the system to solve various tasks, including classification, prediction, and control. We note that the concept of LNNs arose as an attempt to overcome some of the limitations and problems faced by traditional neural networks. The study considers the basic concepts and principles of LNNs and their application potential in various fields, from robotics to medicine and industry. The study also determines the main advantages and disadvantages of LNNs compared to traditional models. It is possible to use them to process a large stream of data, such as video, audio, or sensory data from various sensor types, allowing robots to receive information about their environment and make decisions based on that data. In medical diagnostics and image processing, liquid neural networks can significantly contribute to the quality and efficiency of diagnostic procedures. LNNs can enable the implementation of automatic control systems that monitor and regulate parameters of production processes or adapt to changes in the environment and optimise parameters to achieve maximum productivity and product quality. The field of LNN lacks standards and is limited to using performance metrics. Establishing standards and objective metrics will allow researchers and engineers to understand and compare different LNN implementations. Although LNNs are relatively efficient in terms of power consumption, their implementation at the hardware level may require new technologies and architectures to optimise performance. As a result, the study outlines the prospects for the further development of this technology. Keywords: liquid neural networks, artificial intelligence, adaptive control, learning efficiency, application potential.

Совершенствование структуры системы управления электроприводом переменного тока с асинхронными тяговыми электродвигателями на основе микропроцессорных вычислительных устройств

Objective: consideration of the issue of improving the structure of the automatic control system for an AC traction electric drive with asynchronous electric motors. Abandonment of the physical wheelset speed sensor. An overview of the performance of microprocessor computing devices at the beginning of their appearance in the USSR. An overview of the performance parameters of foreign and domestic microprocessor computing devices both abroad and in Russia. Comparison of the performance of computing devices at the time of their appearance and at the present moment. Methods: collecting information on possible options for improving the structure of the automatic control system for an AC traction electric drive. Collecting information about domestic microprocessor computing devices used at the beginning of their appearance. Collection of information on domestic and foreign microprocessor computing devices used today. Comparison of performance parameters of domestic microprocessor computing devices used at the beginning of their appearance with devices used today. Results: the possibility of analyzing the implementation of a microprocessor control system by a traction electric drive with asynchronous electric motors without using a physical speed sensor using a state observer based on an adaptive Luenberger filter is indicated. Practical importance: it consists in obtaining economic benefits from the elimination of the physical speed sensor of the wheelset as a result of the elimination of production and maintenance costs.

Analisis Penerapan Sistem Pengendalian Internal Atas Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa di Desa Sidorukun Kecamatan Randangan

Septian Sulistiawan, 2024. “Analysis of the Implementation of internal Control System on Accountability of Village Financial Management in Sidorukun Village, Randangan Subdistrict”. Accounting Study Program, Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. The Principal Supervisor: Mattoasi, S.Pd,.SE M.Si, Ph.D The Co-supervisor: Lukman Pakaya, S.Pd., MSA. This research aimed to answer how the implementation of the internal control system on accountability related to village financial management in the governmentof Sidorukun Village, Randangan Subdistrict, Pohuwato Regency. This study was qualitative research using a descriptive analysis method. The research data sources used primary and secondary data was obtained from documentation of the internal control system on the accountability of village financial management in Sidorukun Village was quite good and structured based on applicable regulations. However, in village financial management, it was found that the management of village wealth and assets was not accountable, and there was a lack of qualified human resources due to educational issues. This indicates that the internal control system in maximizing village financial management is optimal in its implementation, although there is a lack of knowledge among village officials in terms of village financial management, requiring continuous assistancefrom local government offcials.

Integrated application of synergetic approach for enhancing intelligent steam generator control systems

This article focuses on the integrated application of the synergetic approach to enhance the quality of intelligent steam generator control systems.By combining various techniques such as model-based control, adaptive control, and artificial intelligence, an efficient and flexible control system can be developed. Model-based control utilizes mathematical models of steam generators to formulate control algorithms and predict system behavior. Adaptive control enables the system to adapt to changing conditions by adjusting control parameters based on real-time measurements. Artificial intelligence techniques, including neural networks and genetic algorithms, facilitate learning, optimization, and data-driven decision-making processes. The objectives of this research are to investigate the benefits of the synergetic approach in steam generator control, including improved steam generation efficiency, optimized energy consumption, enhanced system stability and reliability, and adaptability to varying operating conditions and disturbances. The findings and conclusions of this study are expected to provide valuable insights for engineers, researchers, and professionals involved in the design and implementation of intelligent steam generator control systems. By integrating the synergetic approach, substantial enhancements in control quality can be achieved, leading to optimal operation and maximum efficiency of power plants.

Design and Performance Assessment of Base Isolated Structures Supplemented with Vibration Control Systems

This paper investigates the implementation of supplemental vibration control systems (VCS) in base isolated (BI) structures, to improve their dynamic performance. More specifically, the aim of the VCS is to reduce the base displacement demand of BI structures, and at the same time mitigate the superstructure seismic responses. The purpose of the examined VCS is dual, and for this reason a multi-objective optimization methodology is formulated for the design of the VCS. The examined vibration absorbers include modifications of the KDamper concept. The KDamper is an extension of the traditional Tuned Mass Damper (TMD), and introduces a negative stiffness (NS) element to the additional oscillating mass of the TMD. The generated NS force is exactly in phase with the inertia force of the added mass, thus, artificially amplifying it. This way, lighter configurations are possible with an enhanced damping behavior. These VCS are designed based on engineering criteria and manufacturing constraints, while the excitation input used in the multi-objective optimization procedure is selected from a dataset of artificial accelerograms, designed to be spectrum-compatible with the EC8 design acceleration response spectrum. The effectiveness of the examined VCS is also assess with real near-fault earthquake records, and a comparison is performed with TMD-based VCS having 50 times larger additional masses. The numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the KDamper-based VCS in improving the dynamic behavior of BI structures over other mass-related systems (TMD).

Implementation of quality control systems based on machine vision and web technologies

The development of Computer Vision technologies has seen widespread adoption in various fields over the last time, including medicine, manufacturing, transportation, logistics, agriculture, and chemical industry. Research analysis indicates that Computer Vision and its practical implementation, known as Machine Vision, are widely used for defect detection in production and equipment. Despite significant research progress in this field in recent years, many unresolved issues remain concerning the quality and dimensions of input data, selection of image recognition models and their training, and the accuracy of results. Integration of machine vision system elements for information exchange and decision-making poses a significant challenge. This paper presents one approach to addressing this issue. The aim of the paper is to explore the implementation approach of quality control systems using web technologies. The task of detecting defects in printed circuit boards (PCBs) is common in many manufacturing processes. PCB inspection involves comparing the current PCB sample with a defect-free reference. Essentially, this task involves comparing two images and identifying differences between them. Defect recognition is based on the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), which computes the degradation component reflecting the difference between images and the similarity component. The SSIM metric is already implemented in image processing libraries. This work utilizes calculations using OpenCV and scikit-image image libraries. To automate the PCB comparison process and address deployment and integration challenges at the SCADA level, a web application has been developed. This web application allows users to select a reference PCB image and upload the current PCB image for inspection. For the client-side implementation, Vue.js was chosen due to its popularity and efficiency in developing web interfaces, particularly Single Page Applications (SPAs). Vue.js's reactive system ensures automatic updates to reflect changes in data state. For the server-side implementation, Flask – a Python framework, was used, facilitating integration with the PCB comparison algorithm as both utilize Python. According to the available features, operators can upload two images – a reference PCB image and the PCB image to be compared with the reference. After uploading, the images are displayed in the system interface. On the server side, the received data is decoded and compared using the appropriate algorithms. After comparison, the results are encoded in base64 format and sent back to the client-side for display, allowing the operator to assess the similarity or differences between the PCBs. The application can operate in both automatic and manual modes. Therefore, an analysis of the challenges encountered in implementing and deploying quality control systems based on computer vision methods has been developed. The use of web technologies, particularly Python frameworks, for integrating developed models is proposed. This approach is demonstrated using the example of PCB defect recognition tasks.