Implementation Of Cluster Policy Research Articles

ПРОБЛЕМЫ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ КЛАСТЕРНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ В ПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ СЕКТОРЕ ЭКОНОМИКИ РОССИИ

The study is devoted to the problems of implementing cluster policy at Russian industrial enterprises in modern unstable conditions. In particular, such problems of cluster policy implementation as the problem of insufficient financing of industrial clusters, difficulties in attracting private capital, limited deadlines set for reporting industrial cluster participants on the use of public funds for financing; the problem of imperfection of the regulatory framework for regulating cluster policy in industry are considered in detail; problems of infrastructure development of industrial clusters. Within the industrial clusters themselves, problems such as the lack of qualified personnel for cluster development, as well as the uneven distribution of benefits among cluster participants, generating distrust between them, were noted. All the identified problems often contribute to the collapse of the cluster in the short term. The article also presents possible solutions to these problems. For the successful implementation of cluster policy, an integrated approach is needed, involving the improvement of legislation, stimulating investment in clusters, infrastructure development and training of qualified personnel, which will maximize the potential of the cluster model of economic development. Taking into account the proposed recommendations can significantly reduce the risks associated with government financing of industrial clusters and partnerships within the cluster, and ensure their sustainable development.

Разработка методологического инструментария оценки эффективности деятельности кластеров в Российской Федерации

The article suggests the author’s version of the approach to assessing the effectiveness of clusters existing in the territory of the Russian Federation. The methodological tools are focused on assessing the effectiveness of industrial clusters, included in the register of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation, and sectoral territorial and industrial clusters, supervised by the subjects of the Russian Federation. They are differentiated and include three evaluation criteria for each type of cluster. The evaluation system was tested on the example of 191 clusters. Information was collected through GISP and EMISS systems, sites-aggregators of data on companies, telephone interviews with public authorities responsible for the implementation of cluster policy in the regions, official response letters from ministries and cluster development centers in Russia. The work also proposed a system for assessing the performance of industrial clusters, supervised by the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation. The results made it possible to identify clusters with high and low levels of efficiency and effectiveness. This approach can be used by state authorities as part of the process of monitoring the activities of clusters and the implementation of cluster policy in order to optimize funding and improve the effectiveness of their support activities.

Decentralization in Education System: Outcomes and Challenges

School cluster policy implementation is an effort to develop actualized school demands in the form of decentralization of institutional authority. This article focused on recent developments in the decentralization of school-based management in enhancing administration, Academic and financial management for the development of the school system, and quality education through community participation in decision-making, proper budgetary utilization and transparency, and proper school monitoring and evaluation. The central focus of the approach is to empower school leadership. A qualitative approach using a case study strategy was employed. Fifteen school Cluster Head Teachers from the highly resourced school cluster who had attended induction training were appointed as research participants using the purposive sampling technique. The primary data were collected from semi-structured interviews. Using an explorative case study design resulted in a rich and deep description of Head teachers’ experiences. The major argument presents a model of school cluster policy in the form of decentralization of school-based management is very much relative. Still, there is a gap between policy and practice across contexts. Instead of debating the model of decentralization of school-based management, managerial practices in the form of delegation of power as an authority have to be practiced in the context around to fulfill the real needs of the school in the particular context of Sindh Pakistan. However, effective implementation of the School cluster policy must require time management, expertise, and assistance from the parental department in providing proper induction training in the local context as an initiative of delegation of power.

Գինեգործության կլաստերացումը Վայոց ձորի մարզում / Clustering of Winemaking in the Voyots Dzor Region

 In a transition economy like Armenia, the promotion of small and medium-sized enterprises has a decisive role in increasing the level of competitiveness of production. It also has its place in the development of local and national competitive advantages. Currently, one of the main directions of state policy of developing countries is the implementation of cluster policy, which is aimed at increasing the level of national and regional competitiveness. Among the many existing theories of forming and increasing the competitiveness of the general economy, the most effective application today is the introduction of clusters and the provision of activities in the relevant fields. Clusters, being the most important component of the economy and the main carriers of development, propose highly effective ways to ensure rapid growth. They ensure an increase in the competitiveness of the branch, region or even the country. Clusters are a relatively new field of research, and their formation is also a new phenomenon. Considering the characteristics of the clustering potential for Vayots Dzor region, we can say that the clustering potential in the region is at an average to high level, which implies that there are only two determinants of the competitiveness of cluster structures here: the factor conditions, which implies, first of all, the management of agriculture, tourism and the availability and growing demand for favorable climatic conditions for winemaking. The infrastructures necessary for the formation and operation of clusters are underdeveloped in the region, but they can be created with small investments, which can be confirmed by studying the internal and external conditions of the current operating cluster in the region.

About the state cluster policy in the Russian Federation, implemented in order to increase the innovative potential of the national economy and ensure its sustainable economic growth

The article defines the essence of the state cluster policy of the Russian Federation as a federal state, analyzes the regulatory, conceptual, strategic, organizational and methodological documents that formed the basis of the mechanism of its implementation; the fact is noted that the regulatory and legal support of cluster policy, the mechanisms of its organizational, methodological and information support implemented in the Russian Federation in the field of cluster construction, developed taking into account both foreign experience and the peculiarities of the domestic cluster model, most of which are related to national priorities and institutional foundations that have developed in our country, including within its Soviet period. the evaluation of the practical implementation of cluster policy for the period 2009-2022 was carried out. Special attention is paid to the evaluation of the functioning of the mechanism for supporting industrial clusters, as well as to the justification of the need to transition the traditional linear model of the innovation process implemented in cluster structures and focused on supply in the system "research - transfer - technology - use" to a nonlinear model that provides for close functional interconnectedness, interdependence, integration interaction of all cluster participants and orientation innovation on demand. in addition, new conceptual and methodological aspects of the development of modern clusters as complex dynamic network-type systems are considered, which have the properties of ecosystems, where legally independent partners (ecosystem participants, clusters) develop relationships within the framework of interactive collaboration, while relying on a common strategy, common identity, common obligations, interactive coordination of their current actions and opportunities based on the use of common platforms. the article also assesses Russia's place in the Global Innovation Index - 2022 and the possibilities of industrial and innovation clusters to contribute to increasing the innovative potential of the national economy and ensuring its sustainable economic growth.

Опыт реализации кластерной политики в странах Азии и Латинской Америки

In recent years the development of clusters on the territory of the Russian Federation became one of the most important tools for the development of an innovative and competitive economy, which is supported by the relevant legal framework, developed primarily at the federal level. The complicated political situation which emerged at the global level, makes us to revise the previously used approaches to the implementation of cluster policy, and dictates the search for new tools for the development of regional and national clusters of all types. In this regard, the experience of non-European countries which also use the cluster approach becomes particularly relevant. The purpose of the study was to analyze the features of cluster policy implementation in the countries of Asia and Latin America. In order to achieve this goal, the methods of induction, analysis, synthesis, and comparison were used. The analysis revealed the features of cluster policy models in the countries under analysis; clarified the goals, stages of implementation and the main agents of cluster policy in Japan, China, South Korea, Brazil and Mexico; suggested conclusions on cluster policies implementation in Russia, which can be used by public authorities within their powers. Particular attention is paid to the industry of developing clusters, their composition, and the role of government in this process, the direction of policies and stages of implementation of cluster support tools. One of the main conclusions is that the cluster policy in the more developed countries of Asia has a clear innovative orientation with a view to world leadership, while developing countries use clusters, primarily as a tool to address social issues, and to support exports.

The effect of innovation clusters on investment attractiveness growth in Russia

The issue of developing the most efficient approach of funding innovation actions at the present phase of the implementation of cluster policy in the Russia federation is highly important. Exotic direct investments contribute to the triggering the investment procedure in the global economy, indirectly resulting in a rise in sustainability and quality. This study aims to analyze the impact of innovation clusters in the Russian Federation throughout the growth of investment attractiveness and triggering exotic economic integration. The structural, logical, system-functional and comparative analysis are utilized to meet that aim. Given the results, regional investments’ methods on the basis of the cluster means greatly affect investment attractions from huge investors. Nonetheless, investments in individual huge organizations aren’t as constructive as anticipated. It seems completely rational to think that the outcomes of the present shortages of innovation financing are uneven. 2020 was rather challenging for business throughout the globe. The innovative businesses weren’t any exceptions, even though implementing and developing new tools didn’t end and quiche end in some arenas. The investigation of the special literature on the matter under observation permits us to conclude that it is absolutely vital to evaluate the issues of Russian cluster policy and the investment attractiveness of innovative clusters.

MODELING THE PROCESSES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE DOMESTIC MARKET OF TOURIST SERVICES AND HOSPITALITY

The study is devoted to the issue of modeling the processes of development of domestic market of tourist services and hospitality. Accordingly, the purpose of the study is to model the development of domestic market for tourism services and hospitality. During the study, the authors concluded that under current conditions of competitiveness of tourist regions of Ukraine on a global scale is directly related to the mechanism of cluster management of tourism development, including domestic. The authors established that the subjects of cluster policy are legislative and executive bodies of state and/or local authorities, which in the process of its implementation interact with each other and with business associations, manufacturing enterprises, educational, scientific and financial institutions, transport and logistics companies, service organizations, etc. Methodology. The theoretical basis of the study were the fundamental principles of economics, approaches to the general and special methods of scientific knowledge, scientific achievements of domestic and foreign scientists on modeling the development of tourism and hospitality. When modeling the processes of development of domestic market of tourist services and hospitality, methods of analysis of economic dynamics, structural and functional analysis, scientific abstraction, as well as the graphical method, econometric methods of linear regression and other methods of economic and mathematical modeling were used. The results and value of the research are to develop an author's model of development of the domestic market of tourism and hospitality of Ukraine, the essence of which is to use a cluster approach. In the mechanism of cluster management of the domestic tourism market it is important to determine the means and methods of targeted state influence, including levers of influence of local authorities, in order to effectively develop the cluster system of tourist destinations in Ukraine. The proposed mechanism is the basis for the implementation of cluster policy as a system of relations between the state and economic entities to improve the competitiveness of the national tourist product through the formation and development of tourism and hospitality clusters. The authors have improved the scientific and practical approach to clustering, which is based on the construction of a cluster model of the domestic market of tourist services of Ukraine, which provides an effective state policy of development of individual tourist clusters and the domestic market of tourist services as a whole.

САНОАТ ИҚТИСОДИЁТИДА ИЛМИЙ-ИННОВАЦИОН КЛАСТЕРЛАРДАН ФОЙДАЛАНИШНИНГ ХОРИЖ ТАЖРИБАСИ

This article describes foreign experience in the implementation of cluster policy at the state level in various countries with developed industrial economies, analyzes the theoretical approaches of innovation clusters, identifies the stages of development of clusters, substantiates the relevance of the formation and development of scientific and innovation clusters in Uzbekistan.

THE CLUSTER APPROACH TO THE DIGITALIZATION OF PUBLIC GOVERNANCE IN THE REGIONAL STRATEGY: INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE AND UKRAINIAN REALITIES

Digitalization of all spheres of life, from the business sector to public administration, has now become a common trend in the development of Ukrainian society, one of the main drivers of the socio-economic development of the country. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the feasibility of the cluster approach to the digitalization of public administration in the regional strategy, taking into account international best practices. Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are the provisions of institutional theory, in particular, the paradigm of evolutionary development, digital economy, regional economy, clustering theory, the concept of strategic management, decentralization, public administration. In the process of research the following general scientific methods were used: analysis and synthesis (for the analysis of scientific schools of development of cluster theories, generalization of existing theoretical approaches and provisions, scientific developments on public administration, regional strategy, management of cluster development and clarification of terminological apparatus); classification and systematic approach (identification of industry specifics of cluster structures development in different countries; determination of peculiarities of IT-clusters creation on the basis of analysis of regional development strategies); comparison and structural-logical generalization (determination of peculiarities of international practice of cluster development and possibilities of its use in Ukraine; elaboration of a number of measures on formation of regional infrastructure of digital electronic administrative services). Results. The study revealed the sectoral focus of cluster structures in European countries. The features of the implementation of cluster policy and the key objectives of support for the development of cluster structures in a number of EU countries were identified. It is proved that the clusterization of the national economy, cluster policies and initiatives in the last decade have become important elements of strategies and concepts of innovative and sustainable development of European countries. Based on the analysis and synthesis of sectoral trends in the creation of cluster structures in European countries, it was found that the national characteristics of existing cluster policy determine the direction of cluster initiatives; strategic cluster alternatives are determined by national characteristics and the adopted cluster concept; to assess the feasibility of the cluster strategy of development of the territory it is necessary to correlate the level of investment potential and investment activity; methodological principles of formation of a national cluster strategy need to be refined and clarified, taking into account the current challenges. Practical implications. Based on the generalization of best international practices, it was found that to increase the competitiveness of the regional economy it is necessary to create cluster structures in the IT industry as an effective form of partnership. However, the study showed that the current legislation of Ukraine does not pay proper attention to the formation and functioning of clusters, including in the IT sector. To this end, it is necessary to make changes and additions to the Concept of creating clusters in Ukraine, the Regional Development Strategy until 2027 and action plans for their implementation in 2021-2023 years to create cluster structures as a business entity. It is advisable to develop and approve the Concept of Cluster Policy and the Target Program "The formation and development of clusters in the regions of Ukraine for 2021-2023 years", which should provide for the creation of IT-clusters as a special type of associations of enterprises in different fields, taking into account regional specificity. Value/originality. Author's approach to improving the legislative framework for the development of IT clusters in the regions of Ukraine, taking into account international best practices.

Implementation of the Cluster Policy within the Framework of the Spatial Development Strategy of the Territories of Ukraine

The article is devoted to the solution of an actual scientific problem – ensuring the effective implementation of the cluster policy within the framework of the strategy of spatial development of the territories of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is the theoretical generalization and systematization of existing scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concept of “cluster policy” in the system of the national economy; justification of the author’s approach to determining the essence and content of this category. On the basis of a critical analysis of the literature, differences in interpretations of cluster policy (concepts, forms, methods), as well as the choice of applied means of implementing cluster policy (mechanisms, incentives, tools of influence) were revealed. It should be emphasized that, for the most part, scientists interpret cluster policy as a system of relations; activities of state authorities; cluster support activities; a number of political measures; a set of measures that contribute to increasing the competitiveness of the national economy; part of the industrial policy; component of regional policy; an element of science, technology and innovation policy; priority of regional economic policy; a separate policy with a clear strategy and budget; an element of economic development strategies. The author’s interpretation of cluster policy is proposed as a system of state and public measures and mechanisms for supporting cluster structures and cluster initiatives, which ensure an increase in the level of competitiveness of regions, enterprises included in the cluster, the development of institutions that stimulate the creation of clusters and contribute to the activation of innovative activities. It was established that the key goal of cluster policy implementation is the creation of conditions for the formation and development of clusters as a basis for realizing the competitive advantages of the territories of economic districts, increasing the level of competitiveness of national and regional economies and the investment attractiveness of Ukraine. The main principles of cluster policy formation in Ukraine are multi-level policy formation; economic stimulation of network cooperation in clusters; organizational stimulation of network cooperation in clusters on the basis of public-private partnership; support of competitive clusters. For the effective implementation of cluster policy in Ukraine, it is necessary to: 1) include this type of policy in the list of national and regional priorities of socio-economic development and create an appropriate high-quality legislative and regulatory framework; 2) apply the concept of frugal innovations for successful organizational development of cluster formations; 3) strengthen international cooperation in order to stimulate the cluster’s active participation in changing its institutional environment, promoting the spread of progressive ideas and technologies; 4) to form an appropriate information environment of the cluster with the aim of stimulating joint research projects, including with the participation of leading institutions of higher education and research institutions, promoting the improvement of the efficiency of communications and interaction in the cluster. Keywords national economy, regional economy, spatial development, cluster approach, clustering of the economy, cluster policy, cluster structure, types of policy, principles, mechanisms, system, strategy, programming, management functions, institutional support, legal regulation, financial support, competitive advantages of territories, competitiveness, effectiveness, efficiency.

CLUSTERING OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

The cluster model is an effective tool for ensuring the effective development of national economies and the transformation of the innovative ecosystems of European countries. This is determined by the goals of the cluster approach. In most European countries, cluster structures are recognized as the most effective means of implementing regional policies that promote balanced sustainable development of regions based on the use of local conditions, resources and competitive advantages. World practice testifies to the intensification of the processes of formation of cluster associations of organizations in recent decades. Currently, about 50% of the economies of developed countries are covered by the processes of creation and functioning of clusters. The purpose of the article is the analysis and synthesis of the European experience in the development of cluster structures to develop recommendations for the possible use of clustering the national economy as an effective tool for sustainable development of European countries in Ukraine. Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are the provisions of institutional theory, in particular the paradigm of evolutionary development, clustering theory, the concept of strategic and logistical management, enterprise development management. In the process of research the following general scientific methods were used: analysis and synthesis (for the analysis of scientific schools of development of cluster theories, generalization of existing theoretical approaches and provisions, scientific developments on the problems of managing the development of cluster structures, clarification of terminological apparatus); classification and systematic approach (to systematize the conceptual approaches to defining the concepts of "cluster", "clustering", to identify industry-specific development of cluster structures in Europe); comparison and structural-logical generalization (to determine the features of the European practice of clusters and the possibility of its use in Ukraine). Results. The study revealed the sectoral focus of cluster structures in European countries. The features of the implementation of cluster policy and the key objectives of support for the development of cluster structures in a number of EU countries were identified. It is proved that the clusterization of the national economy, cluster policies and initiatives in the last decade have become important elements of strategies and concepts of innovative and sustainable development of European countries. Based on the analysis and synthesis of sectoral trends in the creation of cluster structures in European countries, it was found that the national characteristics of existing cluster policy determine the direction of cluster initiatives; strategic cluster alternatives are determined by national characteristics and the adopted cluster concept; to assess the feasibility of the cluster strategy of development of the territory it is necessary to correlate the level of investment potential and investment activity; methodological principles of formation of a national cluster strategy need to be refined and clarified, taking into account the current challenges. Practical implications. On the basis of summarizing the best European experience, it was found that to increase the competitiveness of the national and regional economy it is necessary to create cluster structures as effective forms of partnership. But as a result of the study, it was found that the current legislation of Ukraine does not pay proper attention to the formation and functioning of clusters. This requires changes and additions to the Concept of creating clusters in Ukraine, the Regional Development Strategy until 2027 and action plans for their implementation in 2021-2023 years to create cluster structures as a business entity. It is advisable to develop and approve the Concept of cluster policy and the Target Program "The formation and development of cluster formations in the regions of Ukraine for 2021-2023 years", which should provide for the creation of clusters as a special type of associations of enterprises in different fields of activity and taking into account regional characteristics. Value/originality. The author's approach to improving the regulatory support for the development of cluster associations in Ukraine, taking into account the best European practices was formulated.

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR CREATING A HOUSING AND CONSTRUCTION CLUSTER IN THE REGION AND EVALUATION OF ITS EFFICIENCY

The article considers the issue of creating a regional housing and construction cluster in order to find effective approaches to increasing of enterprises competitiveness in this industry and implementation of relevant innovation priorities that will increase domestic and international competitiveness of its members through commercial and non-commercial cooperation, scientific research and innovation, education, training and political support activities. Using the cluster analysis method, studies of the interdependence between the volume of completed construction work and capital investments were carried out. The Regional target program for supporting individual housing construction «Own House» for 2019–2020 was analyzed in order to identify sources of support for local authorities to create a regional housing and construction cluster. In accordance with the conditions of the cluster policy implementation, five fundamental characteristics are proposed, namely: the presence of competitive enterprises; availability of competitive advantages in the region for cluster development; growth of economic indicators of the industry; a wide range of participants; the presence of links between all participants in the clusters, which made it possible to propose calculating the economic efficiency of clusters. To support and develop modern integration systems and their integral part of cluster structures and systems of inter-cluster interaction of business networks, we propose to create a commission at the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine to develop integration socio-economic structures (industrial, science and technology and business parks, free economic zones and special zones of economic and technological development, high-test parks), which should ensure the development of the necessary legislation and provide new structures with the necessary rights and benefits for development.

ІNNOVATIVE MODEL OF HEALTH CARE DEVELOPMENT REGULATION

It is proposed to consider the cluster policy in the field of health care development as an informal entity that unites leading companies, various research and educational organizations and other unanimous institutions on a voluntary basis. The peculiarities of the implementation of the cluster policy of the state are that it combines industrial, socio-economic and regional policies. In methodological terms, the study of the formation and implementation of state cluster policy in the field of health care development should take place in the following areas: identification of mechanisms for managing the development of health care; analysis of the implementation of such mechanisms; conducting research on current problems that arise in the implementation of state health development policy; various strategic directions for the development of health care and improving its quality to the required level of world standards. In particular, the state's cluster policy pursues goals that intersect closely with society, government, and business to promote the health of the entire population, manage the development of health care, develop appropriate infrastructure both directly in the health care sector and in some of its specific parts, open access to innovations and technologies and more. The peculiarity of the organization of the cluster is its members, who are not part of it in absolute terms, but only its part, designed to achieve the goal (this is its difference from the general system approach). The organizational structure of the system of state cluster policy in the field of health care development is presented, which allows to regulate the issues of balanced socio-economic development of the country, assessment of its investment attractiveness, level of economic independence, and stability of cluster institutions and other tasks. Keywords: cluster policy, health, management, mechanisms, development.

STATE CLUSTER POLICY IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH CARE DEVELOPMENT

It is proposed to consider the cluster policy in the field of health care development as an informal entity that unites leading companies, various research and educational organizations and other unanimous institutions on a voluntary basis. The peculiarities of the implementation of the cluster policy of the state are that it combines industrial, socio-economic and regional policies. In methodological terms, the study of the formation and implementation of state cluster policy in the field of health care development should take place in the following areas: identification of mechanisms for managing the development of health care; analysis of the implementation of such mechanisms; conducting research on current problems that arise in the implementation of state health development policy; various strategic directions for the development of health care and improving its quality to the required level of world standards. In particular, the state's cluster policy pursues goals that intersect closely with society, government and business to promote the health of the entire population, manage the development of health care, develop appropriate infrastructure both directly in the health care sector and in some of its specific parts, open access to innovations and technologies and more. The peculiarity of the organization of the cluster is its members, who are not part of it in absolute terms, but only its part, designed to achieve the goal (this is its difference from the general system approach). The organizational structure of the system of state cluster policy in the field of health care development is presented, which allows to regulate the issues of balanced socio-economic development of the country, assessment of its investment attractiveness, level of economic independence and stability of cluster institutions and other tasks. Key words: cluster policy, health, management, mechanisms, development.

CLUSTER POLICY AS A TOOL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY OF THE RUSSIAN REGIONS

The article researches theoretical aspects of formation and development of territorial clusters: their structure, approaches to definition, typology, key advantages. The regulatory framework for the implementation of cluster policy in the Russian Federation has been defined, as well as an analysis of the level of development achieved on the example of the Udmurt Republic. The main directions of cluster development at the federal level are considered: formation of innovation-territorial and industrial clusters. In each area, public support programmes and mechanisms have been investigated to ensure flexible funding for cluster policies. Favorable opportunities have been identified for the development of cluster projects, including when using the potentials of special economic zones, science and measures to support federal and regional development institutions. The directions of cluster initiatives in the Udmurt Republic have been formulated, the already existing cluster formations, such as innovative-territorial, industrial and tourist-recreational clusters, have been evaluated. The activity of the Russian Association of Clusters and Technology Parks as a subject uniting the organizations of technological and industrial infrastructure has been analyzed. Patterns and priorities of cluster policy development at the present stage are highlighted. Cluster associations are a unique economic system, including a set of industrial enterprises, scientific and educational organizations, and are considered as an effective tool to increase the investment attractiveness of the country and individual regions.

Methods to Ensure Cluster Development of Rostov Region Territory in terms of Agricultural Sector

The main objective of cluster policy implementation is to ensure high rates of economic growth and diversification of the regional economy by increasing the competitiveness of enterprises, suppliers of equipment, components, specialized production and services, research and educational organizations that form territorial clusters. The cluster approach has taken one of the key positions in the social and economic strategies in several regions and municipalities in the Russian Federation, as evidenced by the draft “Concept of Cluster Policy in the Russian Federation” developed by the Russian Federation Ministry of Economic Development. This article covers the methodology that allows to successfully implement the territorial cluster division and ensure the calculation of cluster specialization on the level of the subject of the Russian Federation, namely Rostov Region.

Road mapping method in implementation of regional cluster policy

The development of clusters, the development and implementation of cluster policy are among the strategic objectives of the eight federal districts of the Russian Federation. The documents of strategic planning of ten subjects of the Russian Federation are analyzed. It is noted that the directions of the cluster policy are mainly reflected in the strategy of the socio-economic development of the region or in a separate section in the industrial (innovation) policy, the activities are scattered across various regional programs. The relevance of the research topic is predetermined by the fact that the mechanism for implementing the cluster policy is not spelled out and its directions may remain the declared intentions of the authorities. The lack of comprehensive data on the implementation of measures to support and develop clusters within the framework of all regional programs does not allow assessing the effectiveness of the cluster policy as a whole. The purpose of the study was to substantiate the possibility of applying the methodology of road mapping for the implementation of the cluster policy of the region. Based on the Foresight technology, a model of the roadmap for the implementation of the regional cluster policy has been drawn up, which includes activities that are interrelated in terms of goals, financial resources, deadlines and implementers. In contrast to the current road mapping documents, the proposed model is supplemented with a text part describing the areas of development of the cluster economy, expected results, as well as target indicators of the results of the implementation of cluster policy. Establishment of baseline and planned indicators with a breakdown by years and stages of the implementation of the cluster policy will provide an opportunity to determine the results achieved (effectiveness) and the ratio between the achieved result and the resources expended (efficiency).

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ СРЕДЫ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ КЛАСТЕРНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ В РЕГИОНЕ

Clustering acts as an additional way of organizing economic development and building an effective state policy in order to increase the competitiveness of the region. This area is of interest for study, since today the problem of building an effective cluster policy in the region is relevant. The formation of an institutional environment for the implementation of cluster policy contributes to the creation and strengthening of sustainable, competitive economic systems. The task of cluster policy is to create unhindered conditions for the integrated development of business projects, fundamental developments and the implementation of production processes. The article suggests mechanisms aimed at creating conditions for the introduction and development of clusters in the region. In order to ensure the conditions for doing business, the following measures act as support mechanisms: the introduction of tax incentives, the creation of a business support system, partnership with federal structures. Also, among the economic measures aimed at improving the investment climate is the cooperation of the region with the Russian Direct Investment Fund, which in turn contributes to attracting investment to the region. In order to develop the cluster and increase its competitive-ness, mechanisms are proposed to eliminate communication barriers that prevent the formation of a cluster. The measures contributing to the development of clusters also include the creation of a Cluster Development Center. The purpose of the establishment of this institute is to support cluster initiatives, develop a cluster implementation project in the region, create an environment conducive to the development of cluster policy, as well as the interaction of potential investors, entrepreneurs, the scientific community, authorities in order to provide the necessary conditions to support cluster development in the region.

Agro-industrial cluster of the region: potential participants and management structure

The article presents the results of the research work carried out to identify potential participants in the agro-industrial cluster of the Amur region and designs the management structure of the agro-industrial cluster of the Amur region with the definition of the main blocks that make up the external and internal environment of the cluster. The description of potential cluster participants is given. This includes the core of the cluster, which in-cludes a scientific and educational unit and a production unit consisting of representatives of the community of priority sectors of the cluster. In the structure of the internal environment of the agro-industrial cluster of the Amur region, specialized and infrastructure blocks are identified. The func-tions of the first block are performed by the specialized structural divisions of the My Business center. The second block is represented by enterprises of technical support, supply of fertilizers, plant protection products, biolog-ical products, agricultural organizations for the breeding of farm animals and elite seed farms. The external environment of the cluster is represented by an administrative block consisting of the regional authorities, an auxiliary block consisting of financial institutions, as well as a public block consisting of non-profit organizations that contribute to the popularization and infor-mation support of the cluster development. Design management structure and the proposed composition of the relevant units of internal and external environment of the agro-industrial cluster will facilitate the implementation of cluster policy in the Amur region, the achievement of target indicators of the strategy of development of territorial cluster of small and medium entre-preneurship in the agro-industrial complex of the Amur region, approved by the resolution of the government of the Amur region.