Implementation Of Citizens Research Articles

Upaya Pemerintah dalam Mengatasi Pelanggaran Hak dan Pengingkaran Kewajiban Warga Negara Berdasarkan UUD 1945

The purpose of this study is to find out what factors cause the violation of rights and denial of citizens' obligations, to find out cases of violations of rights and denials of citizens' obligations and how the role of the government in overcoming violations of rights and denials of citizens' obligations. This research uses a qualitative approach with a library research method. The main source of this research is the research article published through the google scholar website. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the analysis show that rights and obligations are interrelated, so that in their implementation they must be carried out in a balanced manner. Violations of citizens' rights occur when citizens are unable to exercise or obtain their rights as determined by law. The imbalance between the implementation of citizens' rights and responsibilities causes violations of rights and denials of citizens' responsibilities. The causes of violations of rights and denial of citizens' obligations are caused by the administration of the state and society

The Role of Fiscal Mechanism in Regulation of Households’ Investment Activity in EU Countries and in Ukraine

The fiscal mechanism, which serves as a means of implementing fiscal policy, thanks to the organisation of fiscal relations by changing the mechanisms for the formation of budget revenues and expenditures, directs the established fiscal interrelationships, manages the channels of passage and directions of fiscal flows, specifies the proportions of the distribution of financial resources and, thus, ensures regulation investment activity of households. For Ukraine, in the context of its European integration aspirations, the study of the impact of the components of the fiscal mechanism, namely taxes, on the implementation of household investments in the EU countries becomes particularly relevant. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to form a holistic view of the elements of the fiscal mechanism that cause changes in investment processes at the micro level in the EU countries and in Ukraine, as well as to perform correlation and regression analysis to identify the quantitative impact of the fiscal mechanism on the investment activity of households. During the study, the Ukrainian and European practices of taxation of the population is considered and the total tax burden on individuals in the EU countries and in Ukraine is calculated. A correlation and regression analysis of the impact of elements of the fiscal mechanism on household investments in the EU and Ukraine was carried out, which showed that the scale of their taxation had the greatest impact on the implementation of citizens' investments, while the overall tax burden played a secondary role in regulating investment processes at the micro level. As a result of the study, it was proved that in Ukraine, to increase the investment activity of households, it is necessary to consider the practices of EU countries and improve those elements of the fiscal mechanism that have the greatest regulatory impact on investment. Such a part of the fiscal mechanism is taxes, especially in terms of effective provision of tax benefits.

The concept of "Driver" and "Person who drives a vehicle": their relationship and problems of regulatory and legal definition.

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the implementation of the basic principles of regulation of public relations, to determine the content of rights and freedoms of citizens, the limits of their implementation, the establishment of prohibitions and liability for their violation in the field of road safety.
 One of the main participants in road traffic is people who use highways, streets, railway crossings, driving vehicles.
 Today, the Law of Ukraine "On Road Traffic", which is a fundamental legal act, mentions only drivers. According to the Rules of the Road of Ukraine, a driver is a person who drives a vehicle and has a driver's license (tractor driver's license, temporary driver's license, temporary driver's license) of the relevant category. The driver is also a person who teaches to drive a vehicle while in the vehicle.
 Article 15 of the Law of Ukraine "On Road Traffic" defines the main provisions on admission to driving. But in addition to the legal (legal) grounds, we have to talk about the actual - that is, driving a person a person, regardless of whether he has the right to drive.
 At the same time, through relations with executive bodies, their officials, citizens are given the opportunity to practically use most of the rights and freedoms granted to them by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, to fulfill their responsibilities.
 The relationship between man and law is most fully characterized by the concept of legal status, which reflects all the main aspects of the legal status of the person, his interests, needs, relationships with the state.
 For the science of administrative law and state-legal practice, it is important to study the administrative-legal status of a citizen, who in turn, in the future, provides an opportunity to define the concept of administrative-legal status of a person driving a vehicle.
 The administrative and legal status of this person makes it possible to determine the place and its role in state and other social relations governed by current legislation of our country.
 The existence of gaps and conflicts in the regulation of the administrative and legal status of the person driving the vehicle creates, firstly, difficulties in the exercise of powers of officials of the National Police and other state bodies, and secondly, does not ensure proper implementation and protection of rights and the freedoms of a person and a citizen who, or who, may drive such a vehicle.
 Peculiarities of citizens' realization of legal personality due to them in administrative and legal relations in the field of road safety are due to the fact that they arise not from the moment of obtaining the right to drive vehicles of the corresponding category, but from the moment of actual operation and driving of a particular vehicle, formal possession of such a right, impose on such persons a set of relevant rights and responsibilities.
 Problems of the general legal status of citizens are reflected in the works of theorists of law, as well as representatives of branch sciences. The formation of a modern view of the administrative and legal status of a person driving a vehicle in Ukraine should be based on new conceptual principles, which follow, in particular, the principle of supremacy of human and civil rights and freedoms in determining the content and direction of the state. Constitution of Ukraine). Certain aspects of the administrative and legal status of a citizen were studied as in the works on the general legal status of a person, in particular O.F. Skakun, M.S. Strogovich, and to some extent in the works of researchers-administrators, including E.V. Dodina, І.М. Pakhomova, G.I. Petrova, and other scientists.
 The basic legal act that establishes the principles of administrative and legal status of a citizen and a person driving a vehicle in Ukraine is the Constitution of Ukraine, and the actual implementation of citizens' administrative and legal status is carried out in almost all spheres of public life administrative law, but also other branches of law.

ЭЛЕКТОРАЛЬНАЯ ЮСТИЦИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КОЛУМБИЯ

The realization of citizens' electoral rights and their effective protection provided by electoral justice bodies are the basis of democracy. The meaning of electoral justice is an impartial and independent approach to disputes arising on the implementation of citizens' electoral rights from other state bodies. The democratic system of Colombia is one of the oldest in Latin America, but it is far from the most perfect in terms of the organization of the electoral justice system. That is why one of the key elements of moving towards strengthening Colombian democracy is the existence of electoral justice bodies with sufficient capacity, transparency and impartiality to ensure the legality of electoral processes. In this article, the author analyzes the modern Colombian approach to electoral justice, discusses the main shortcomings of the Colombian electoral justice bodies, as well as the reasons that give rise to such shortcomings, and concludes that in Colombia, control over the electoral process and the subsequent implementation of citizens' electoral rights are not effective, given the actual presence of electoral justice bodies in the country. The reasons for this situation are different and lie both in certain features of the socio-historical development of the region, and in the imperfection of the norms of the current legislation. In the conditions of a high degree of distrust of citizens to the electoral process in particular and to democracy in the country as a whole, the only solution to the problem is the development of mechanisms that exclude the interference of parties, as well as legislative and executive bodies in the elections of senior officials of these entities. Meanwhile, the institution of electoral justice itself objectively shows its effectiveness and is recommended for implementation in the Russian Federation in the form of an autonomous system of electoral courts, including the Federal Electoral Court, Electoral Courts of the constituent entities of the Federation, Municipal Electoral Courts and Electoral judges corps of polling stations.

The Importance Of Cooperation Between Local Representatives And Public Institutions In Management Decision-Making

In this scientific article, international and national legislation on citizens decision-making processes has been investigated, to what extent is the importance of public control in the process of political decision-making, the implementation of citizens' participation in local government directly by itself or through elected representatives (political institutions). Also, practical proposals aimed at increasing the participation of public structures in decision-making were made.

Responsibility of the president and the prosecutor's office for the integrity and security of the state

The subject. The evolution of regulation of prosecutor’s activity in Russian Constitution as well as the role of Prosecutor's Office in provision of national security and integrity are being considered.The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that the preservation of the Prosecutor's Office made it possible to prevent the destruction of the Russian Federation and protect the country's security from significant threats.The methodology. The authors use a dialectical method as well as analysis and synthesis. An important role is given to formal legal interpretation of Russian Constitution and legal acts.The main results, scope of application. The question of who saved the Russian Prosecutor's Office from the attempt to liquidate it in the autumn of 1993 is being covered in detail. There was not even a mention of the Prosecutor's Office in the draft Constitution of the Russian Federation. The Prosecutor's Office was supposed to be replaced by the institution of authorized representatives of the President in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Chapter 7 of the Russian Constitution was called "Judicial Power" until 2014, and it lacked the word "prosecutor's office", which caused a lot of bewilderment in the scientific and educational literature and turned the content of Chapter 7 into a kind of mystery. The article reveals the role of Alexander I. Kazannik in preserving the Russian Prosecutor's Office. The authors of the article name the main threats to state security: duplication of the powers of the federal government and the lack of effective legal guarantees of their responsibility, asymmetry of Russian federalism. Asymmetry leads to uneven implementation of citizens' rights and freedoms and distrust of power. The criteria for assessing the scientific activities of universities established in 2013 also pose a threat to state security.Conclusions. President Vladimir Putin has preserved the integrity and sovereignty of Russia, enforced the principle of the supremacy of federal law and strengthens Russia's security with the help of the Prosecutor's Office. The authors propose measures to strengthen Russia's security: (1) introduce a competitive selection procedure for the post of Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation with the participation of civil society institutions, which would have the right to present candidates to the Federation Council; (2) adopt a federal law on the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation to avoid duplication of powers with the Russian Government and other authorities; (3) change the criteria for assessing the scientific activity of universities, established by the Ministry of Science of the Russian Federation.

Status of the Implementation of Citizen’s Charter at Public Offices in Bangladesh: An Assessment

Citizen’s Charter is one of the important and commendable governance tools in Public Administration of Bangladesh. In 2007, the Cabinet Division took initiative to introduce Citizen’s Charter in different public offices. This study was conducted to assess the implementation status of Citizen’s Charter in Ministry and field level offices of Bangladesh with its challenges. To achieve the research objectives, this study followed both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. Sample survey with semi-structured questionnaires was used for collecting primary data while secondary data were collected from all relevant sources. The study showed that the implementation status of Citizen’s Charter at public offices in Bangladesh is still in its infancy. The service providers are not strictly following their Citizen’s Charter in their routine work. There are a number of drawbacks in implementation of Citizen’s Charter in the public offices. Lack of adequate public awareness is the leading cause of poor implementation of Citizen’s Charter. In addition, lack of proper knowledge among the citizens or service recipients, lack of positive attitude of service providers, communication gap between the service receivers and the service providers and lack of proper monitoring and feedback mechanism were other barriers. The study has come up with the conclusion that, institutionalization of the awareness-building programme, capacity building of the service providers and strengthening monitoring mechanisms are essential to overcome these challenges

THE THEORETICAL ASPECT OF LEGAL SUPPORT OF PENSION REFORMS IN RUSSIA

The article provides a general analysis of the legal support for a number of key changes in the pension legislation that have been implemented in the Russian Federation since the beginning of 2002 to the present. The article examines the quality of legal acts regulating pension relations from the point of legal technology. A number of negative trends and defects in legal regulation have been identified, as well as problematic aspects arising in the process of changing pension legislation that make it difficult to access legal acts and call into question the presumption of knowledge of the law. Special attention is paid to the legal support of the last stage of the pension reform, related to the increase in the retirement age from January 1, 2019. A critical assessment is given to a number of legislative decisions that cause difficulties in the implementation of citizens' pension rights. The article substantiates the need to improve the quality of legal regulation in the pension sphere, which is impossible without systematization of pension legislation.

GLOBAL POPULATION MIGRATIONS AS A THREAT TO THE EXISTENCE AND PROPER FUNCTIONING OF CIVIL SOCIETY INSTITUTIONS. SELECTED ISSUES

The aim of the article’s author is to reflect on the essence of civil society in the context of social migration. There are many concepts in the literature on the description of citizenship and the definition of the phenomenon of population migration, which the author cites in the article, however, the assumption of this publication is to induce reflection on the impact of population migration on the implementation of citizens’ rights and obligations. It is impossible not to notice the huge range of impact of migration on many areas of life, and in particular on the functioning of civil society. Nowadays, social and economic changes are constantly occurring, causing society to mix, and in addition to the fact that they obviously become theoretically unified in the community, it should be noted that in practice the situation of civil society in individual countries is becoming increasingly complicated. Migration of the population should therefore be considered as a factor limiting the citizen in terms of his civil rights and obligations, without which the institution of civil society collapses.

Democratize Health Policy Through Citizen’s Charter in North Bengkulu District

This research is analyzing about how the policy of democratization and regional autonomy can born Citizen’s Charter in public sevice. The purpose of the regional autonomy implementation is to shortening the distance of service among goverment and the society, so the local goverment can understand more about desires, aspirations and needs of the community compared with the central government who has longer distance from the society. The effort to shortening the distance makes the execution of regional autonomy needs some changes and inovations in giving the service in order to match with the society needs. The result of this research shows that the democratization and regional autonomy policy still can’t born the Citizen’s Charter in local public service yet, particularly in health care services contract in the Arga Makmur city, North Bengkulu. Realization of the Citizen’s Charter principles in the Puskesmas Arga Makmur, North Bengkulu district is proved to have different characteristics with the Citizen’s Charter which occurred in Java commonly. In North Bengkulu, the implementation of the Citizen’s Charter not only need strong political will from local goverment, budget support (General Revenue and Expenditure Budget/ APBD), the availability of adequate infrastructure, commitment and quality of the resource officers, community support, the importance of shifting paradigm in society toward formal treatment like Puskesmas, but also need a personal leadership for the head of Puskesmas. Without any initiation from personal leadership, it can be sure that the implementation of Citizen’s Charter in regional seems can’t be running well.

Features of Implementation and Protection of Human Rights in the Library Sphere of the Russian Federation: Experience of the First Review

On October 18, 2018, the National Library Russia (NLR) hosted the Round table “Implementation of citizens’ rights to library services” within the framework of the visiting Session of the Presidential Council for Civil Society and Human Rights. The discussion of library issues in the human rights context, initiated by the NLR, was held for the first time. The participants of the meeting considered the activities of libraries and their founding parties - government authorities - on ensuring the legal rights of citizens to access to culture and information. The topics of discussion included the implementation of cultural policy, library legislation, normative standards of library allocation, physical and information availability of libraries and library collections, the problem of access to online electronic resources and the organization of services for special groups of readers. The article uses the materials of the annual monitoring of the National Library of Russia, the reports (presentations) of the central libraries of the subjects of the Russian Federation, placed in the open database, formed in the framework of the research work of the NLR “Actual problems of transformation of the regional library systems in the information society” (http://clrf.nlr.ru/). The author presents the opinions of specialists from the libraries of St. Petersburg, the Leningrad and Pskov regions, as well as the members of the Presidential Council for Civil Society and Human Rights. Based on the presented views and factual data, the author concludes that libraries do not practically analyse their activities from the human rights perspective, and the state library policy does not fully contribute to the activities of public libraries to ensure the constitutional rights of citizens to use cultural institutions and to have access to cultural values and information of the Russian Federation.

Information function of civil budget

PurposeThe formation of an information society in Russia requires new approaches in the implementation of citizen’s rights to access information. At a modern time, when the resources of internet are available to almost everyone, the modern financial and legal institutions adapt or are obliged to adapt to the modern model of the information society. Not so long ago, just at the beginning of the twenty-first century, new information and legal concept – Civil budget – was introduced. The authors tried to show concrete examples of what it is, what it is, its structure and principles. The authors believe that the realization of the idea of a Civic budget in the Russian Federation will increase the accessibility of information for citizens about the financial performance and financial state and municipalities will allow the State itself, through its Government and the Parliament, to form the budget, based not only on macroeconomic goals and objectives of the country, and objectives of each, even the most small territorial unit in accordance with the needs of living of its citizens.Design/methodology/approachThe problem is not new and, in one way or another, exists in all States, but many countries have undertaken very effective reforms and have made improvements in the situation. For example, in Brazil, in the city of Port Alegre, a budget initiative was launched in 1990. Then, it was “replicated” in 400 prefectures throughout the country. The procedure begins with the assembly of residents of the district, where citizens discuss and outline budget priorities, and ends with the approval of the city budget by delegates directly elected at district assemblies. The success achieved in Porto Alegre was further spread: in 1996-2000, budgeting options were implemented in 100 municipal districts, including São Paulo. In 2000-2004, it is estimated to be implemented in another 250 municipalities.FindingsThe access of the population to budget information is a positive factor not only from the point of view of budgetary law but also in the legal field of information law. Such an opportunity is a direct implementation of principles of the industry such as the principle of publicity and the principle of priority of individual rights. State bodies that form and execute the state budget are, initially, already subjects of the information law, but the above-mentioned activities for monitoring, collecting and providing information within the framework of the Civil budget concept lead them to a new qualitative level of rights and obligations within the framework of information relations, which is unquestionably a positive factor for the activities of these bodies.Originality/valueThe authors believe that the realization of the idea of a Civic budget in the Russian Federation will increase the accessibility of information for citizens about the financial performance and financial state, and municipalities will allow the State itself, through its Government and the Parliament, to form the budget, based not only on macroeconomic goals and objectives of the country, and objectives of each, even the most small territorial unit in accordance with the needs of living of its citizens.

Роль внесудебных гарантий в реализации прав граждан в Российской Федерации

Роль внесудебных гарантий в реализации прав граждан в Российской Федерации

Peculiarities of Legal Regulation of Relations in the Field of Environmental Protection

The article analyzes the current environmental legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as changes introduced since January 1, 2015. Federal Law of July 21, 2014 No. 219-FZ "On Amendments to the Federal Law 'On Environmental Protection' and certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation". Legal relations being developed in the environmental field are distinguished by complexity and diversity. The author notes that modern legislation in the field of environmental protection is characterized by a significant number of imperfections (gaps, conflicts), declarative, reference, duplicate norms, incomplete legal definitions and insufficient regulation of the mechanisms for implementing legal regulations. By virtue of Art. 3 of the Federal Law "On Environmental Protection" one of the most important principles of environmental activities is the principle of respecting the right of everyone to receive reliable information about the state of the environment, as well as the participation of citizens in making decisions regarding their rights to a favorable environment. However, the Federal Law "On Environmental Protection" itself lacks specific legal mechanisms for the implementation of this principle, as well as the definition of the concept of "environmental information". According to the author, securing the definition of "environmental information" and revealing its content in the Federal Law "On Environmental Protection", the legislator will not only fill a significant gap in the legal regulation of this sphere of public relations, but also make a significant step in the implementation of citizens' constitutional rights to environmental awareness.

The competent court as a prerequisite for the implementation of citizens' constitutional right to judicial protection, the problem of definition

The competent court as a prerequisite for the implementation of citizens' constitutional right to judicial protection, the problem of definition

Ansätze zur Evaluation des Gesundheitsziels „Gesundheitliche Kompetenz erhöhen, Patient(inn)ensouveränität stärken“

Establishing citizen and patient orientation is a national objective of German health policy. The cooperation network gesundheitsziele.de has defined the target area "Increasing health competence, strengthening patient sovereignty", and its Working Group 8, which bears the same name, has identified four key areas for action: increasing transparency, developing competence, strengthening patients' rights, and improving complaint management. As in the case of all the other targets defined by gesundheitsziele.de, attention is drawn to the need to evaluate the effects and success of the targets and related measures. A group of experts was given the task of developing an evaluation strategy, defining success indicators, and examining the availability of data sources for evaluation. With regard to the health target "Increasing health competence, strengthening patient sovereignty", the evaluation is focusing on what effect the corresponding targets and measures are having on users and how they are perceived (summative evaluation), i.e., primarily on measuring outcomes at the population level. An examination of available studies and surveys shows that to date little is known about the expectations and assessments of health-service users. At the same time, the analysis makes it clear that priority should be given to using continuous data in order to arrive at a continuous and systematic evaluation of the "Increasing health competence, strengthening patient sovereignty" health target and the implementation of citizen and patient orientation in healthcare in general. It would also be useful to include all hitherto underrepresented indicator questions in these surveys and to also examine the implementation of the health target among vulnerable population groups, e.g., elderly people in nursing homes.